WO2004052090A2 - Method of producing cultured pearls - Google Patents

Method of producing cultured pearls Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004052090A2
WO2004052090A2 PCT/IT2003/000798 IT0300798W WO2004052090A2 WO 2004052090 A2 WO2004052090 A2 WO 2004052090A2 IT 0300798 W IT0300798 W IT 0300798W WO 2004052090 A2 WO2004052090 A2 WO 2004052090A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mollusc
pearl
pocket
forming core
mantle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2003/000798
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paolo Berni
Silvia Bitossi
Marianna Salvato
Original Assignee
Universita' Di Pisa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universita' Di Pisa filed Critical Universita' Di Pisa
Priority to AU2003288536A priority Critical patent/AU2003288536A1/en
Publication of WO2004052090A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004052090A2/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of producing cultured pearls.
  • pearl refers to an organic product substantially comprising carbon and carbonate, and formed inside certain molluscs in response to the presence of a foreign body (larva, parasites, a grain of sand) inside the organism of the mollusc.
  • Pearls are therefore of organic origin, can be formed in marine or fresh water molluscs (river pearls) , and may be either natural, i.e. formed spontaneously with no human intervention, or cultured, i.e. formed by human intervention on the mollusc.
  • Cultured pearls are formed by inserting a substantially spherical core (preferably made of nacre) into the gonad of the mollusc, together with a mantle fragment of another mollusc, which serves as a support; and the mollusc deposits a succession of substantially concentric, superimposed layers of calcium carbonate crystals (substantially aragonite) onto the core, thus forming a pearl .
  • a substantially spherical core preferably made of nacre
  • a method of producing cultured pearls by means of a mollusc characterized by comprising the steps of: making a first incision in the mollusc to form a pearl pocket; making a second incision in an inner wall of the pocket to obtain a portion of muscle tissue; inserting a graft, comprising a mantle fragment taken from a donor animal, inside said pocket, so that the inner portion of the mantle is placed in contact with the muscle tissue of the pocket; inserting a pearl-forming core inside the pocket, so that said pearl-forming core contacts the outer surface of the mantle; closing said pocket; and feeding said mollusc to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core inserted.
  • the invention also relates to a method of producing cultured pearls by means of a bivalve mollusc, and comprising the steps of: partly opening the valves of the mollusc; inserting a pearl-forming core inside the body of the mollusc; and feeding said mollusc to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core inserted; characterized in that said bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA mollusc .
  • the bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana of the Pisan "Pisarum" ecotype.
  • Figure la shows a first step in the method according to the present invention
  • Figure lb shows a series of instruments used in the method according to the present invention
  • Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show successive steps in the method according to the present invention.
  • the method according to the present invention preferably employs a particular bivalve mollusc known by the scientific name Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA 1834, and also as Anodonta Woodiana.
  • a particular bivalve mollusc known by the scientific name Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA 1834, and also as Anodonta Woodiana.
  • the "Pisarum" ecotype of the Sinanodonta Woodiana which grows in fresh water around Pisa (Italy)
  • the method according to the present invention obviously also applies to other types of bivalve molluscs, such as Anodonta sp, Unio sp, and molluscs in general (not necessarily bivalve) .
  • the above molluscs are generated and reared in known manner to the minimum size (about 10 cm) necessary to implement the method according to the present invention, and which is normally reached in about 3-4 years following metamorphosis of the young bivalves.
  • a first step in the method is to anaesthetize the mollusc, by immersing it for a given length of time in an aqueous anaesthetic solution.
  • an aqueous solution of 1.5 g/litre of a mixture comprising 3/5 menthol and 2/5 chloroform may advantageously be used, in which case, the mollusc is immersed for about 5 minutes.
  • a second step in the method is to open the valves of the mollusc in known manner ( Figure la) .
  • this step may advantageously be performed using a known retractor ( Figure lb) for opening the valves by a predetermined amount sufficient to insert operating instruments (scalpel and tweezers - shown in Figure lb) and a foreign body, in particular a known pearl-forming core (e.g. of nacre or crystalline material of various origins) .
  • a third step in the method according to the present invention is to operate on the mollusc to insert the pearl-forming core into the body of the mollusc.
  • a first longitudinal incision 3 of about 1 cm is made in a central-lateral portion of the fossorial member 4 of the mollusc ( Figure 2) to produce a roughly 1 cm deep pearl pocket .
  • a second incision 5 of about 3-5 mm is then made in an inner wall of the pocket to obtain a portion of muscle tissue or so-called suture flaps.
  • a graft 7 ( Figures 2 and 3) , defined by an epithelial mantle fragment of given size (about l x l cm 2 ) taken from a donor animal of the same species, is then inserted inside the pearl pocket .
  • the mantle is inserted by placing the inner portion of the mantle in contact with the muscle tissue of the pocket .
  • the pearl-forming core 9 is then inserted inside the pocket, so that the pearl-forming core ( Figures 3 and 4) contacts the outer surface of the mantle.
  • the pocket is closed ( Figure 5) by bringing together the tissue portions defining the opening of the pocket, so as to form a roughly spherical pearl sac ( Figure 5) , in which the mantle fragment is in close contact with the walls of the pocket and with the suture flaps.
  • the pearl sac is then stitched firmly shut ( Figure 6) , preferably by two stitches using non-absorbable 00 thread.
  • a fourth post-operative stabling step in which the operated mollusc is allowed to rest for a given time (preferably 24 hours) in a well oxygenated, heated (preferably 23°C) aquarium to overcome implant stress.
  • a fifth rehabilitation step in which the mollusc is transferred from the oxygenated aquarium to a rehabilitation tank, where it is kept in controlled conditions for a predetermined length of time, e.g. about seven days .
  • the rehabilitation step is followed by a sixth rearing step, in which the mollusc is placed in a rearing tank where it is normally fed to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core 9 inserted as described above.
  • the molluscs are fed in known manner with food comprising yeast, phytoplankton, and organic substances of a few microns in size, which are administered in aqueous suspension and/or solution.
  • metal-based, low-density saline solutions of about 1-3 ppm may be administered to insert vicarious elements into the crystal lattice during the pearl-forming process.
  • vicarious elements have the ability to replace calcium and alter the colour of the crystal lattice, and may comprise iron, manganese, aluminium, magnesium, boron, etc.
  • the vicarious (or substitute) atoms may be compatible in size with the crystal lattice and have bonds similar to the main atom, their packing in the crystal lattice produces a change in field energy which the pearl must compensate by absorbing visible energy.
  • the light wavelengths transmitted as a whole to the observer determine the colour of the pearl .
  • Boron atoms produce a blue hue, magnesium atoms a yellow hue, aluminium a grey hue, and manganese a violet hue.
  • the pearl-forming process takes 3 or 4 months, which is extremely fast, and much faster than known pearl- forming processes.
  • the pearl is extracted in the usual way by cutting the pearl pocket to permit removal of the pearl.
  • the pearl pocket so formed can be used again.
  • the mantle fragment and the pearl-forming core are located in the fossorial member of the mollusc, i.e. in a muscular organ of the mollusc which has never before been used in known methods to insert the pearl-forming core. Inserting the pearl-forming core in this particular location has proved particularly advantageous, and excellent pearls have been produced using the method proposed, as confirmed by tests conducted by the Applicant.
  • the suture flaps formed in accordance with the method described above improve rooting of the mantle to the muscle tissue, thus preventing expulsion of the pearl-forming core and simplifying stitching, and form a spherical pearl pocket, so that the pearl formed in the pocket is also predominantly spherical .
  • a suture formed by at least two stitches using non-absorbable thread also ensures stable implantation of the pearl-forming core.

Description

METHOD OF PRODUCING CULTURED PEARLS
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of producing cultured pearls.
BACKGROUND ART
As is known, the term "pearl" refers to an organic product substantially comprising carbon and carbonate, and formed inside certain molluscs in response to the presence of a foreign body (larva, parasites, a grain of sand) inside the organism of the mollusc.
Pearls are therefore of organic origin, can be formed in marine or fresh water molluscs (river pearls) , and may be either natural, i.e. formed spontaneously with no human intervention, or cultured, i.e. formed by human intervention on the mollusc.
Cultured pearls are formed by inserting a substantially spherical core (preferably made of nacre) into the gonad of the mollusc, together with a mantle fragment of another mollusc, which serves as a support; and the mollusc deposits a succession of substantially concentric, superimposed layers of calcium carbonate crystals (substantially aragonite) onto the core, thus forming a pearl .
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an industrial method of producing cultured pearls, which employs a pearl-forming core insertion technique enabling easy, stable insertion of the core to obtain pearls of superior quality.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing cultured pearls by means of a mollusc, characterized by comprising the steps of: making a first incision in the mollusc to form a pearl pocket; making a second incision in an inner wall of the pocket to obtain a portion of muscle tissue; inserting a graft, comprising a mantle fragment taken from a donor animal, inside said pocket, so that the inner portion of the mantle is placed in contact with the muscle tissue of the pocket; inserting a pearl-forming core inside the pocket, so that said pearl-forming core contacts the outer surface of the mantle; closing said pocket; and feeding said mollusc to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core inserted.
The invention also relates to a method of producing cultured pearls by means of a bivalve mollusc, and comprising the steps of: partly opening the valves of the mollusc; inserting a pearl-forming core inside the body of the mollusc; and feeding said mollusc to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core inserted; characterized in that said bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA mollusc .
More specifically, the bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana of the Pisan "Pisarum" ecotype. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred, non-limiting embodiment of the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure la shows a first step in the method according to the present invention;
Figure lb shows a series of instruments used in the method according to the present invention;
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show successive steps in the method according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The method according to the present invention preferably employs a particular bivalve mollusc known by the scientific name Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA 1834, and also as Anodonta Woodiana. In particular, the "Pisarum" ecotype of the Sinanodonta Woodiana, which grows in fresh water around Pisa (Italy) , may be used to advantage, though the method according to the present invention obviously also applies to other types of bivalve molluscs, such as Anodonta sp, Unio sp, and molluscs in general (not necessarily bivalve) .
The above molluscs are generated and reared in known manner to the minimum size (about 10 cm) necessary to implement the method according to the present invention, and which is normally reached in about 3-4 years following metamorphosis of the young bivalves.
A first step in the method is to anaesthetize the mollusc, by immersing it for a given length of time in an aqueous anaesthetic solution. In particular, an aqueous solution of 1.5 g/litre of a mixture comprising 3/5 menthol and 2/5 chloroform may advantageously be used, in which case, the mollusc is immersed for about 5 minutes.
A second step in the method is to open the valves of the mollusc in known manner (Figure la) . In particular, this step may advantageously be performed using a known retractor (Figure lb) for opening the valves by a predetermined amount sufficient to insert operating instruments (scalpel and tweezers - shown in Figure lb) and a foreign body, in particular a known pearl-forming core (e.g. of nacre or crystalline material of various origins) .
A third step in the method according to the present invention is to operate on the mollusc to insert the pearl-forming core into the body of the mollusc.
More specifically, a first longitudinal incision 3 of about 1 cm is made in a central-lateral portion of the fossorial member 4 of the mollusc (Figure 2) to produce a roughly 1 cm deep pearl pocket . A second incision 5 of about 3-5 mm is then made in an inner wall of the pocket to obtain a portion of muscle tissue or so-called suture flaps.
A graft 7 (Figures 2 and 3) , defined by an epithelial mantle fragment of given size (about l x l cm2) taken from a donor animal of the same species, is then inserted inside the pearl pocket .
The mantle is inserted by placing the inner portion of the mantle in contact with the muscle tissue of the pocket .
The pearl-forming core 9 is then inserted inside the pocket, so that the pearl-forming core (Figures 3 and 4) contacts the outer surface of the mantle. Finally, the pocket is closed (Figure 5) by bringing together the tissue portions defining the opening of the pocket, so as to form a roughly spherical pearl sac (Figure 5) , in which the mantle fragment is in close contact with the walls of the pocket and with the suture flaps.
The pearl sac is then stitched firmly shut (Figure 6) , preferably by two stitches using non-absorbable 00 thread.
This is followed by a fourth post-operative stabling step, in which the operated mollusc is allowed to rest for a given time (preferably 24 hours) in a well oxygenated, heated (preferably 23°C) aquarium to overcome implant stress.
This is followed by a fifth rehabilitation step, in which the mollusc is transferred from the oxygenated aquarium to a rehabilitation tank, where it is kept in controlled conditions for a predetermined length of time, e.g. about seven days . The rehabilitation step is followed by a sixth rearing step, in which the mollusc is placed in a rearing tank where it is normally fed to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core 9 inserted as described above. The molluscs are fed in known manner with food comprising yeast, phytoplankton, and organic substances of a few microns in size, which are administered in aqueous suspension and/or solution.
At the rearing step, metal-based, low-density saline solutions of about 1-3 ppm may be administered to insert vicarious elements into the crystal lattice during the pearl-forming process.
As is known, vicarious elements have the ability to replace calcium and alter the colour of the crystal lattice, and may comprise iron, manganese, aluminium, magnesium, boron, etc.
Since the vicarious (or substitute) atoms may be compatible in size with the crystal lattice and have bonds similar to the main atom, their packing in the crystal lattice produces a change in field energy which the pearl must compensate by absorbing visible energy. The light wavelengths transmitted as a whole to the observer determine the colour of the pearl . Boron atoms produce a blue hue, magnesium atoms a yellow hue, aluminium a grey hue, and manganese a violet hue.
The pearl-forming process takes 3 or 4 months, which is extremely fast, and much faster than known pearl- forming processes. The pearl is extracted in the usual way by cutting the pearl pocket to permit removal of the pearl. The pearl pocket so formed can be used again.
In the method according to the present invention, the mantle fragment and the pearl-forming core are located in the fossorial member of the mollusc, i.e. in a muscular organ of the mollusc which has never before been used in known methods to insert the pearl-forming core. Inserting the pearl-forming core in this particular location has proved particularly advantageous, and excellent pearls have been produced using the method proposed, as confirmed by tests conducted by the Applicant. Moreover, the suture flaps formed in accordance with the method described above improve rooting of the mantle to the muscle tissue, thus preventing expulsion of the pearl-forming core and simplifying stitching, and form a spherical pearl pocket, so that the pearl formed in the pocket is also predominantly spherical . A suture formed by at least two stitches using non-absorbable thread also ensures stable implantation of the pearl-forming core.
Clearly, changes may be made to the method of producing cultured pearls as described and illustrated herein without, however, departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1) A method of producing cultured pearls by means of a mollusc, characterized by comprising the steps of: - making a first incision (3) in the mollusc to form a pearl pocket;
- making a second incision (5) in an inner wall of the pocket to obtain a portion of muscle tissue; inserting a graft (7) , comprising a mantle fragment taken from a donor animal, inside said pocket, so that the inner portion of the mantle is placed in contact with the muscle tissue of the pocket; inserting a pearl-forming core (9) inside the pocket, so that said pearl-forming core contacts the outer surface of the mantle;
- closing (10) said pocket; and
- feeding said mollusc to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core inserted.
2) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said closing step is performed by bringing together the tissue portions defining the opening of the pocket, so as to form a roughly spherical pearl sac, in which said mantle fragment (7) is in close contact with the walls of the pocket and with the portion of muscle tissue. 3) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the first incision is made to a length of about 1 cm.
4) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said pocket is about 1 cm deep. 5) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said incision is made longitudinally in a central-lateral position in the fossorial member (4) of the mollusc.
6) A method as claimed in Claim l, wherein the pocket is closed by means of a suture made by means of at least two stitches (10) using non-absorbable thread.
7) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a step of anaesthetizing the mollusc is performed by immersing the mollusc for a predetermined time interval in an aqueous anaesthetic solution.
8) A method as claimed in Claim 7, wherein said aqueous anaesthetic solution comprises an aqueous mixture of menthol and chloroform.
9) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a post- operative stabling step is performed, in which the operated mollusc is allowed to rest for a predetermined time, preferably 24 hours, in a heated, oxygenated aquarium to allow the mollusc to overcome implantation stress . 10) A method as claimed in Claim 9, wherein a rehabilitation step is performed, in which the mollusc is transferred from the oxygenated aquarium to a rehabilitation tank, where the mollusc is kept in controlled conditions for a predetermined time, e.g. of about seven days .
11) A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the rehabilitation step is followed by a rearing step, wherein the mollusc is placed in a rearing tank, in which it is normally fed to keep it alive and grow said pearl.
12) A method as claimed in Claim 11, wherein, during said rearing step, metal-based low-density saline solutions are administered to said mollusc to insert vicarious elements into the crystal lattices during the pearl-forming process .
13) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA type.
14) A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA of the
Pisan "Pisarum" ecotype.
15) A method of producing cultured pearls by means of a bivalve mollusc, and comprising the steps of:
- partly opening the valves of the mollusc; - inserting a pearl-forming core inside the body of the mollusc; and
- feeding said mollusc to keep it alive and grow a pearl about the original pearl-forming core inserted; characterized in that said bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana LEA mollusc .
16) A method as claimed in Claim 15, wherein said bivalve mollusc is a Sinanodonta Woodiana of the Pisan "Pisarum" ecotype.
PCT/IT2003/000798 2002-12-06 2003-12-04 Method of producing cultured pearls WO2004052090A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003288536A AU2003288536A1 (en) 2002-12-06 2003-12-04 Method of producing cultured pearls

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT001065A ITTO20021065A1 (en) 2002-12-06 2002-12-06 METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF CULTIVATED PEARLS.
ITTO2002A001065 2002-12-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004052090A2 true WO2004052090A2 (en) 2004-06-24

Family

ID=32500579

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT2003/000798 WO2004052090A2 (en) 2002-12-06 2003-12-04 Method of producing cultured pearls

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003288536A1 (en)
IT (1) ITTO20021065A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004052090A2 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100251968A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Acosta-Salmon Hector Methods for Producing Cultured Pearls in Conch and Other Gastropods
CN103636533A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-03-19 浙江海洋学院 Method for cultivating freshwater nucleated pearls
CN104472408A (en) * 2014-12-17 2015-04-01 广东工业大学 Mussel-opening pearl-taking tool
CN107613764A (en) * 2015-05-19 2018-01-19 安托法加斯塔大学 The method that Wild pearl is produced by abalone
CN108029602A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-15 山东省海洋生物研究院 A kind of method for preventing stichopus japonicus from producing stress reaction
FR3076182A1 (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-05 Medithau OSTRICULTURE BREEDING METHOD

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8707902B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2014-04-29 Florida Atlantic University Research Corporation Methods for producing cultured pearls in conch and other gastropods
EP2413688A2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2012-02-08 Florida Atlantic University Board Of Trustees Methods for producing cultured pearls in conch and other gastropods
EP2413688A4 (en) * 2009-03-31 2014-02-19 Florida Atlantic University Board Of Trustees Methods for producing cultured pearls in conch and other gastropods
US20100251968A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Acosta-Salmon Hector Methods for Producing Cultured Pearls in Conch and Other Gastropods
CN103636533B (en) * 2013-12-02 2015-10-07 浙江海洋学院 The breeding method of fresh water genuine pearl with pearl
CN103636533A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-03-19 浙江海洋学院 Method for cultivating freshwater nucleated pearls
CN104472408A (en) * 2014-12-17 2015-04-01 广东工业大学 Mussel-opening pearl-taking tool
CN107613764A (en) * 2015-05-19 2018-01-19 安托法加斯塔大学 The method that Wild pearl is produced by abalone
US20180077910A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2018-03-22 Universidad De Antofagasta Production of free pearls in abalone
AU2016262803B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2020-07-02 Universidad De Antofagasta Method for producing free pearls in abalone
CN108029602A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-15 山东省海洋生物研究院 A kind of method for preventing stichopus japonicus from producing stress reaction
CN108029602B (en) * 2017-12-27 2020-03-27 山东省海洋生物研究院 Method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response
FR3076182A1 (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-05 Medithau OSTRICULTURE BREEDING METHOD
WO2019135055A1 (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-11 Medithau Method for oyster farming

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003288536A1 (en) 2004-06-30
ITTO20021065A1 (en) 2004-06-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2413688B1 (en) Method for producing cultured pearls in conch
Segawa et al. Illustrated embryonic stages of the eastern Atlantic squid Loligo forbesi
Gros et al. Embryonic, larval, and post-larval development in the symbiotic clam Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia: Lucinidae)
CN104542376A (en) Artificial clam growing method
CN102100190B (en) Method for cultivating epinephelus septemfasciatus offspring seeds
CN104969890A (en) Cultiving method for implanting pearl core and nursing pearls via giant clam shells
Hitzfelder et al. The effect of rearing density on growth and survival of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, larvae in a closed recirculating aquaculture system
WO2004052090A2 (en) Method of producing cultured pearls
Alatalo et al. Reproduction and development in the lucinid clam Codakia orbicularis (Linne, 1758)
CN102100193A (en) Method for breeding pearls by combining cell small pieces of black lip shells with pinctada martensii dunker
JP4040413B2 (en) Nucleation method of pearl shell
CN109362610A (en) Lai Shi intends cuttlefish offspring seed cultivation method
IT201900001577A1 (en) Process for the production of pearls from edible bivalves and gastropods
KR101611139B1 (en) the feed composition and Hatchery technique for anguillidae
CN105475183A (en) Seawater pearl culture pearl producing and nuclear insertion method
KR20180009761A (en) How to Produce Free Pearls from Abalone
JP2004024062A (en) Pearl breeding method
WO2017183739A1 (en) Tilapia culturable in full-strength seawater and raising method thereof
CN106069947A (en) A kind of giant salamander reproduction method
Haws et al. Collecting black-lip pearl oyster spat
KR0153505B1 (en) The method for culturing abalone seeds
Marioghae et al. The reproductive biology and culture of macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) and macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851) in Nigeria.
KR20010057027A (en) the cultivating method of sea-ear pearl
Misra et al. Freshwater pearl crop: an emerging enterprise in the Indian subcontinent
JPH09252680A (en) Pearl culture method using haliotidae snail

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP