CN108029602B - Method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response - Google Patents
Method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response Download PDFInfo
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- CN108029602B CN108029602B CN201711450467.6A CN201711450467A CN108029602B CN 108029602 B CN108029602 B CN 108029602B CN 201711450467 A CN201711450467 A CN 201711450467A CN 108029602 B CN108029602 B CN 108029602B
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 287
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N (-)-Menthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 description 73
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004617 sleep duration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CUJMCPPBTUATEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-methyl-4-oxido-1-oxoquinoxalin-1-ium-2-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[N+](=O)C(C(=O)C)=C(C)N([O-])C2=C1 CUJMCPPBTUATEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product culture, and provides a method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress reaction, wherein a dormancy agent menthol is put into a stichopus japonicus culture water body, the mass of the menthol put into each cubic meter of the stichopus japonicus culture water body is 2.5-100 g, and after the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a body relaxation and stretching state or the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from an attachment base, manual operation is carried out; the corresponding application amount of the dormancy agent is provided according to different weight specifications of the stichopus japonicus. According to the method, before manual operation which may cause stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus is dormant by using the menthol, the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus cannot be caused in the dormant state, and meanwhile, the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus cannot be caused by manual operation in the dormant state, so that the possibility of the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus is avoided. The method provided by the invention breaks through the traditional thought of reducing the manual operation intensity, simplifying the operation steps and controlling the stimulation time to avoid the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response.
Background
Since ancient times, the stichopus japonicus is favored by people with incomparable unique nutrition and health care efficacy, and particularly, the stichopus japonicus culture industry is rapidly expanded since the outbreak of the SARS event in 2003, and the stichopus japonicus culture industry becomes one of the pillar industries of the marine culture in China. In the production process of the stichopus japonicus, manual operations such as pond pouring, bottom cleaning, attachment base replacement, parent stichopus japonicus and seedling transportation are all essential important links, but the manual operations all can influence the stichopus japonicus, and the stichopus japonicus generates stress reaction due to separation from the original living and inhabiting environment to different degrees. The stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus easily causes the problems of stress death, intestinal vomiting and slow growth of the stichopus japonicus at the later stage. Therefore, how to ensure the survival rate of stichopus japonicus after various artificial stimulations and avoid the influence on the subsequent growth is always a bottleneck problem to be solved urgently in the field.
At present, the published technical data of the patent and the literature of the living stichopus japonicus preservation, transportation and the recovery after stress are realized by controlling factors such as water temperature, oxygenation, medication, shortening of stimulation time and the like, and the specific effect also depends on the physique of the stichopus japonicus. The methods are greatly influenced by external factors such as dissolved oxygen, water temperature, transportation time, constitution of the stichopus japonicus and the like, the process is complicated, the effect is poor, the survival time is short, the stress reaction of manual operation on the stichopus japonicus cannot be completely eliminated, adverse effects such as resistance reduction, morbidity, death, intestinal vomiting, slow growth and the like of the stichopus japonicus are easily caused after the manual operation, and the production benefit of stichopus japonicus culture is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress, so that the growth and development of stichopus japonicus are not affected by stress.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress reaction, which comprises the steps of putting a dormant agent menthol mixed with bait into a stichopus japonicus culture water body, wherein the mass of the menthol put into each cubic meter of the stichopus japonicus culture water body is 2.5-100 g, and carrying out manual operation after the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a body relaxation and stretching state or the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from an attachment base;
when the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is less than 5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 2.5-5 g/m3；
When the stichopus japonicus in each cubic culture water body is 1000-5000 heads/jinThe input amount of the menthol is 5.5-10 g/m3；
When the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 100-999 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 10.5-25 g/m3；
When the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is 20-99 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 25.5-50 g/m3；
When the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic aquaculture water body is more than 20 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 50.5-100 g/m3。
Preferably, the manual operation comprises changing the attaching base, pouring the pool, screening the seedlings or transporting.
Preferably, the dormant agent menthol mixed with bait is thrown into a water body 1.5-3 hours before manual operation.
Preferably, the time after the dormancy agent menthol is thrown into the water body until the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a relaxed and stretched state or the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from the attachment group is 15-40 min.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the menthol to the bait is 1-2: 3-16.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the total mass of the stichopus japonicus in each cubic meter of the aquaculture water to the bait is (80-120): 2-10.
Preferably, the manual operation time does not exceed 16h at most.
Preferably, after the manual operation, the method further comprises the step of resuscitating the stichopus japonicus; the method for reviving the stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the dormant stichopus japonicus in the brown sugar water solution for 45-60 min to recover the stichopus japonicus.
Preferably, the concentration of the brown sugar aqueous solution is 100-200 mg/L.
Preferably, after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, feeding is not carried out within 10-14 hours, bait is fed for the first time according to 0.5-2% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, and the normal feeding amount is recovered after 24-36 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method provided by the invention comprises the steps of putting menthol serving as a dormancy agent into a stichopus japonicus culture water body, wherein the mass of the menthol put into each cubic meter of the stichopus japonicus culture water body is 2.5-100 g, and carrying out manual operation after the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a body relaxation and stretching state or the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from an attachment base; the corresponding application amount of the dormancy agent is provided according to different weight specifications of the stichopus japonicus. According to the method, before manual operation which may cause stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus is dormant by using the menthol, the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus cannot be caused in the dormant state, and meanwhile, the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus cannot be caused by manual operation in the dormant state, so that the possibility of the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus is avoided. The method provided by the invention breaks through the traditional thought of reducing the manual operation intensity, simplifying the operation steps and controlling the stimulation time to avoid the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus in the prior art. The survival rate of the stichopus japonicus processed by the method provided by the invention can reach 100%, and the problems of slow growth, intestinal vomiting and other stress reactions of the stichopus japonicus even if the stichopus japonicus is processed by conventional stress reaction reduction treatment are thoroughly solved.
The method takes the menthol as the dormancy agent, is safe and harmless to the stichopus japonicus, has small stimulation and long duration, can last for 8-12 hours in the dormant state, and provides sufficient time for manual operations such as transportation, pond pouring, attachment base replacement and the like of the stichopus japonicus living body. Particularly, longer transportable time is provided for the transportation of living stichopus japonicus, the transportable time of the living stichopus japonicus living body in the existing transportation means is 3-4 h, and the transportable time of the living body can be prolonged by more than one time by adopting the method for preventing the stichopus japonicus from generating the stress response.
The method creatively adopts the menthol with the amount of 2.5-100 g per cubic meter of aquaculture water as the dormancy agent of the stichopus japonicus, and the stichopus japonicus can be kept in the dormant state without reaching a deep anesthesia state. The method creatively discovers that the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus cannot be caused by external manual operation when the stichopus japonicus is put into a dormant state for a long time, and has low cost and simple and convenient operation.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress reaction, which comprises the steps of putting a dormant agent menthol mixed with bait into a stichopus japonicus culture water body, wherein the mass of the menthol put into each cubic meter of the stichopus japonicus culture water body is 2.5-100 g, and carrying out manual operation after the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a body-relaxing and stretching state or the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from an attachment base;
when the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is less than 5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 2.5-5 g/m3；
When the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 1000-5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 5.5-10 g/m3；
When the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 100-999 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 10.5-25 g/m3；
When the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is 20-99 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 25.5-50 g/m3；
When the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic aquaculture water body is more than 20 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 50.5-100 g/m3。
In the invention, the menthol is a dormant agent of the stichopus japonicus, so that the stichopus japonicus can enter a shallow dormant state, the feeling and the motion perception of the stichopus japonicus are weakened, and the stichopus japonicus can be prevented from generating stress reaction without entering deep anesthesia.
In the invention, the manual operation comprises the replacement of the attaching base, the pouring of the pool, the screening of the seedlings or the transportation.
The dormancy agent is preferably added into the stichopus japonicus culture water body after being mixed with bait for 1.5-3 hours before manual operation, and more preferably for 2 hours before manual operation.
According to the method, a dormancy agent menthol mixed with bait is thrown into the stichopus japonicus culture water body according to the difference of the stichopus japonicus size and specification, wherein the mass of the menthol thrown into each cubic meter of the stichopus japonicus culture water body is 2.5-100 g; after the stichopus japonicus selenka above 1/2 is in a relaxed and stretched state or after the stichopus japonicus selenka above 1/2 is separated from the attachment base, the manual operation is carried out. When the stichopus japonicus selenka above 1/2 shows a relaxed and stretched state of the body or 1/2 or more stichopus japonicus selenka is separated from the attachment base, the stichopus japonicus selenka is indicated to enter a dormant state. The manual operation is carried out under the state, the stichopus japonicus cannot be sensed, and further the stichopus japonicus cannot generate stress reaction caused by external stimulation, so that the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus is fundamentally and thoroughly prevented, and the conventional idea that the stress reaction of the stichopus japonicus is avoided by reducing the manual operation intensity, simplifying the operation steps and controlling the stimulation time is broken.
In the invention, the larger the stichopus japonicus is, the smaller the head number of the stichopus japonicus in each kilogram is, the stichopus japonicus specification represents the individual size of the stichopus japonicus through the number of the stichopus japonicus in each kilogram, and the concentration of menthol which can be in a dormant state and does not generate stimulation is correspondingly adjusted according to the size difference of the stichopus japonicus, namely the consumption of the menthol is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the quality of the stichopus japonicus, but the menthol is not in direct proportion to the quality of the stichopus japonicus, so that the invention creatively determines the consumption of the menthol which is a dormant agent for the quality of the stichopus japonicus in a certain range.
In the invention, the dormancy agent menthol is put into the water until the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a relaxed and stretched state or the time for detaching the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 from an attachment group is 15-40 min, which indicates that the stichopus japonicus enters a dormant state; the time for the stichopus japonicus to enter the dormant state is different according to different specifications and the using amount of menthol, and in the method, the method comprises the following steps:
when the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is less than 5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 2.5-5 g/m3The time for entering the sleep is 5-10 min, and the sleep duration is 8-10 h;
when the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 1000-5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 5.5-10 g/m3The time for entering the sleep is 10-20 min, and the sleep duration is 8-10 h;
when the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 100-999 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 10.5-25 g/m3The time for entering the sleep is 15-20 min, and the sleep duration is 8-10 h;
when the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is 20-99 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 25.5-50 g/m3Go to sleepThe time of the sleep is 20-30 min, and the sleep duration is 10-16 h;
when the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic aquaculture water body is more than 20 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 50.5-100 g/m3The time for entering the sleep is 30-40 min, and the sleep duration is 10-16 h.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the dormant agent menthol to the bait is preferably 1-2: 3-16, and more preferably 1: 6-16. In the invention, the mass ratio of the total mass of the stichopus japonicus to the bait in each cubic meter of stichopus japonicus aquaculture water is preferably (80-120): (2-10), and more preferably 100: 3-5. According to the invention, a mode of adding the dormancy agent and the bait is adopted, a part of menthol can enter the body to play a role through the stichopus japonicus feeding bait, the time of the stichopus japonicus entering dormancy can be effectively shortened, and the efficiency is improved.
Specifically, the method for mixing the menthol with the bait comprises the following steps: dissolving menthol crystal with ethanol to obtain solution, and mixing with bait. The bait is preferably compound feed of the stichopus japonicus. The sources of the menthol and the bait are not specially limited, and the menthol and the bait can be obtained from commercial products. In the invention, when the menthol crystal is dissolved by the ethanol, the effect of helping dissolution is achieved, namely the menthol crystal can be dissolved by the dosage of the ethanol.
In the invention, the time of manual operation is not more than 16h at most, and the method of the invention provides sufficient time for manual operation after the stichopus japonicus is dormant. Especially, when the stichopus japonicus is transported by manual operation, the method provided by the invention can provide the stichopus japonicus living body transportation time of 8-16 h, which is 2 times of the living body transportation time of the stichopus japonicus in the prior art, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus is high, and the stichopus japonicus can not have the stress reactions of intestine spitting, slow growth and the like after the dormancy is released.
In the method for preventing the stichopus japonicus from generating the stress reaction, the temperature of the water body is 10-25 ℃.
In the invention, the method for preventing the stichopus japonicus from generating the stress response further comprises the following steps of reviving the stichopus japonicus after manual operation: and soaking the dormant stichopus japonicus in the sugar water solution for 45-60 min to revive the dormant stichopus japonicus. Preferably, the soaking time is 30 min.
When the body and thorns of the stichopus japonicus are observed to naturally stretch and gradually climb up to the attachment base or the pool wall, the successful resuscitation is performed. The apostichopus japonicus recovery method adopts the brown sugar water to soak the apostichopus japonicus for recovery, is beneficial to rapidly recovering the physical strength of the apostichopus japonicus, simultaneously improves the organism immunity of the apostichopus japonicus, and avoids or prevents the occurrence of adverse stress reaction caused by long-time manual operation.
In the invention, the mass volume concentration of the brown sugar aqueous solution is preferably 100-200 mg/L, and more preferably 120-180 mg/L. Preferably, the brown sugar aqueous solution takes sand-filtered seawater as a solvent. The brown sugar water solution is preferably a brown sugar water solution.
The stichopus japonicus soaked by the sugar water solution recovers from dormancy, feeding is not carried out within 10-14 hours after the stichopus japonicus recovers, bait is fed according to 0.5-2% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus during first feeding, and normal feeding amount is recovered after 24-36 hours after recovery.
In the invention, feeding is preferably not carried out within 12-13 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered. After the stichopus japonicus selenka is not fed, the bait is preferably fed according to 1% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus selenka during the first feeding. The time for recovering the normal feeding amount is preferably 30 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered.
The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 prevention of Long-distance transport of Stichopus japonicus selenka
In 10 cubic meters of water, each cubic meter of water contains 2 jin of stichopus japonicus, and the specification of the stichopus japonicus is 2000 heads/jin. 2h before the stichopus japonicus is ready to be transported, 300g of compound feed is weighed according to 3% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, 100g of menthol crystals are weighed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 of the compound feed to the menthol, the menthol crystals are dissolved by a small amount of ethanol and then mixed with the compound feed, and the mixture is put into a water body. When the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a relaxed and stretched state or when the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from the attachment base, the stichopus japonicus enters a dormant state, and the dormant stichopus japonicus can be transported in vivo.
After transportation is finished, the stichopus japonicus is placed in clean sand-filtered seawater, 100-200 mg/L of brown sugar is added, the stichopus japonicus is soaked for 20-45 min, the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 recovers to a normal state (the body and the spiny thorn naturally extend and gradually climb up to an attaching base or a pool wall), the stichopus japonicus is successfully revived, and at the moment, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus is determined.
No bait is fed within 12 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, when the stichopus japonicus is fed for the first time in 12 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, the compound feed is fed according to 1% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, the feeding amount is gradually increased until the normal feeding amount is recovered 24 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered. Determining the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus selenka at the 7 th d of the resuscitation; specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Stichopus japonicus was measured at 30d of resuscitation.
Wherein, the compound feed is purchased from Langgo biotechnology limited of Qingdao, and the main nutrition composition is as follows: 16% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 8% of crude fiber, 6% of total phosphorus, 25% of crude ash, 0.8% of lysine and 10% of water.
Comparative example 1 conventional method for reducing stress response of Stichopus japonicus
In 10 cubic meters of water, each cubic meter of water contains 2 jin of stichopus japonicus, and the specification of the stichopus japonicus is 2000 heads/jin.
(1) Temporarily culturing on an empty stomach: the stichopus japonicus to be transported is stopped for 2 days to be emptied of residues in the intestinal tract.
(2) Oxygenation: and (3) oxygenating the container for temporarily culturing the stichopus japonicus by using an oxygenating pump.
(3) Cooling: slowly adding seawater ice blocks or sealed ice bottles into the water for temporarily breeding the stichopus japonicus to cool, and controlling the water temperature to be 8-15 ℃.
(4) Packaging: and (3) putting the temporarily-cultured stichopus japonicus into a foam insulation box for dry transportation or water transportation, and putting a proper amount of sealed ice bottles into the box before sealing the insulation box to keep the temperature at low (8-15 ℃).
(5) And (3) transportation: and a route plan is made, vehicles, personnel and the like are ensured to be in place, and the time is shortened as much as possible.
(6) And (3) recovering: after the manual operation is completed or the transportation reaches the destination, an anti-stress drug (such as mequindox and the like) is applied to prevent the influence on the stichopus japonicus, and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus is measured when the stichopus japonicus returns to the normal state (the body and the thorns naturally stretch and gradually climb to an attachment base or a pool wall) above 1/2.
Example 2
The test verifies that the method for preventing the stichopus japonicus from generating the stress response improves the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus after manual operation.
Carrying out living body transportation on the stichopus japonicus according to the method of example 1 or comparative example 1, wherein the living body transportation time is 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h and 16h in sequence; the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus after recovering to normal is respectively detected, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Stichopus japonicus living body transportation time and survival rate by different methods
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus transported by the method in example 1 is significantly improved, and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus transported by the method in example 1 reaches 100% in 2-10 h, while the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus transported by the method in comparative example 1 is only 99% at most. The method for preventing the stichopus japonicus from generating the stress response can obviously improve the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus after manual operation; the conventional stichopus japonicus living body transportation time is 2-8 h, the stichopus japonicus living body transportation time provided by the invention can reach 16h, namely the living body transportation time is prolonged by 1 time.
Example 3 prevention of Effect of Pond pouring on Stichopus japonicus
In 10 cubic meters of water, each cubic meter of water contains 2 jin of stichopus japonicus, and the specification of the stichopus japonicus is 2000 heads/jin. 2h before the stichopus japonicus is ready to be transported, 300g of compound feed is weighed according to 3% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, 100g of menthol crystals are weighed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 of the compound feed to the menthol, the menthol crystals are dissolved by a small amount of ethanol and then mixed with the compound feed, and the mixture is put into a water body. When the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a relaxed and stretched state or when the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from the attachment base, the stichopus japonicus enters a dormant state, and at the moment, the dormant stichopus japonicus can be poured into the pool.
And (3) after the stichopus japonicus is poured into a pool, putting the stichopus japonicus into clean sand-filtered seawater, adding 100-200 mg/L brown sugar, soaking for 20-45 min, recovering the stichopus japonicus to be in a normal state (the body and the spiny thorn naturally extend and gradually climb up to an attaching base or a pool wall) by over 1/2, successfully recovering the stichopus japonicus, and determining the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus at the moment.
No bait is fed within 12 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, when the stichopus japonicus is fed for the first time in 12 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, the compound feed is fed according to 1% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, the feeding amount is gradually increased until the normal feeding amount is recovered in 24 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered. Determining the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus selenka at the 7 th d of the resuscitation; specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Stichopus japonicus was measured at 30d of resuscitation.
Wherein, the compound feed is purchased from Langgo biotechnology limited of Qingdao, and the main nutrition composition is as follows: 16% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 8% of crude fiber, 6% of total phosphorus, 25% of crude ash, 0.8% of lysine and 10% of water.
Example 4
The procedure was as in example 3 except that 50g of menthol crystals were weighed out in a mass ratio of 6:1 of formula feed to menthol.
Example 5
The procedure was as in example 3 except that 200g of menthol crystals were weighed out in a mass ratio of 3:2 of formula feed to menthol.
Comparative example 2
The procedure was the same as in example 3, except that no menthol was added.
Example 6
In 10 cubic meters of water, each cubic meter of water contains 6 jin of stichopus japonicus, and the specification of the stichopus japonicus is 200 heads/jin. Weighing 1500g of compound feed according to 5% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus 1.5h before transportation, weighing 125g of menthol crystals according to the mass ratio of the compound feed to the menthol of 12:1, dissolving the menthol crystals with a small amount of ethanol, mixing with the compound feed, and putting the mixture into a water body. When the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a relaxed and stretched state or when the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from the attachment base, the stichopus japonicus enters a dormant state, and at the moment, the dormant stichopus japonicus can be poured into the pool.
And (3) after the stichopus japonicus is poured into a pool, putting the stichopus japonicus into clean sand-filtered seawater, adding 100-200 mg/L brown sugar, soaking for 20-45 min, recovering the stichopus japonicus to be in a normal state (the body and the spiny thorn naturally extend and gradually climb up to an attaching base or a pool wall) by over 1/2, successfully recovering the stichopus japonicus, and determining the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus at the moment.
No bait is fed within 10 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, when the stichopus japonicus is fed for the first time in 11 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, the compound feed is fed according to 0.5 percent of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, the feeding amount is gradually increased until the normal feeding amount is recovered in 24 hours after the stichopus japonicus is recovered. Determining the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus selenka at the 7 th d of the resuscitation; specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Stichopus japonicus was measured at 30d of resuscitation.
Wherein, the compound feed is purchased from Langgo biotechnology limited of Qingdao, and the main nutrition composition is as follows: 16% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 8% of crude fiber, 6% of total phosphorus, 25% of crude ash, 0.8% of lysine and 10% of water.
Example 7
The procedure was as in example 6 except that 187.5g of menthol crystals were weighed out in a mass ratio of 8:1 of formula feed to menthol.
Example 8
The procedure was as in example 6 except that 250g of menthol crystals were weighed out in a mass ratio of 6:1 of mixed feed to menthol.
Comparative example 3
The procedure was as in example 6 except that no menthol was added.
Example 9
10 jin of stichopus japonicus is contained in 10 cubic meters of water, and the specification of the stichopus japonicus is 10 heads/jin. 1.5 hours before transportation, 5000g of compound feed is weighed according to 5% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, 625g of menthol crystals are weighed according to the mass ratio of the compound feed to the menthol of 8:1, the menthol crystals are dissolved by a small amount of ethanol and then mixed with the compound feed, and the mixture is put into a water body. When the stichopus japonicus is in a state of body curling, thorn shrinking above 1/2, adhesive force reduction (falling above 1/2) and the like, the stichopus japonicus enters a dormant state, and the dormant stichopus japonicus can be transported in vivo.
After transportation is finished, the stichopus japonicus is placed in clean sand-filtered seawater, 100-200 mg/L of brown sugar is added, the stichopus japonicus is soaked for 20-45 min, the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 recovers to a normal state (the body and the spiny thorn naturally extend and gradually climb up to an attaching base or a pool wall), the stichopus japonicus is successfully revived, and at the moment, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus is determined.
No bait is fed within 14h after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, when the stichopus japonicus is fed for the first time in 15h after the stichopus japonicus is recovered, the compound feed is fed according to 0.5 percent of the weight of the stichopus japonicus, the feeding amount is gradually increased until the normal feeding amount is recovered on the 30 th day after the stichopus japonicus is recovered. Determining the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus selenka at the 7 th d of the resuscitation; specific Growth Rate (SGR) of Stichopus japonicus was measured at 30d of resuscitation.
Wherein, the compound feed is purchased from Langgo biotechnology limited of Qingdao, and the main nutrition composition is as follows: 16% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 8% of crude fiber, 6% of total phosphorus, 25% of crude ash, 0.8% of lysine and 10% of water.
Example 10
The procedure of example 9 was repeated except that 800g of menthol crystals were weighed out in a mass ratio of 6.25:1 between the mixed feed and menthol.
Example 11
The procedure was as in example 9 except that 1000g of menthol crystals were weighed out in a mass ratio of 5:1 of mixed feed to menthol.
Comparative example 4
The procedure was as in example 9 except that no menthol was added.
Example 12
And (4) counting the survival rate of the recovered stichopus japonicus and the specific growth rate SGR of the stichopus japonicus detected in the examples 3-11 and the comparative examples 2-4, wherein the specific data are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 recovery time, survival rate and specific growth rate of Stichopus japonicus selenka of different specifications after treatment
According to the data in the table 2, compared with the comparative example, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus after recovery, the recovery time is short, and the specific growth rate after recovery is relatively improved, which shows that the method provided by the invention can effectively improve the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus and has no influence on the later growth rate of the stichopus japonicus.
It can also be seen that under the same stichopus japonicus specification, the survival rate and the specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus decrease with the increase of the menthol concentration, which indicates that the menthol with higher concentration also has influence on the specific growth rate and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress reaction is characterized in that a dormant agent menthol mixed with bait is thrown into a stichopus japonicus culture water body, the mass of the menthol thrown into each cubic meter of the stichopus japonicus culture water body is 2.5-100 g, and after the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is in a body relaxation and stretching state or the stichopus japonicus above 1/2 is separated from an attachment base, manual operation is carried out;
when the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is less than 5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 2.5-5 g/m3；
When the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 1000-5000 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 5.5-10 g/m3；
When the stichopus japonicus standard in each cubic aquaculture water body is 100-999 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 10.5-25 g/m3；
When the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic culture water body is 20-99 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 25.5-50 g/m3；
When the specification of the stichopus japonicus contained in each cubic aquaculture water body is more than 20 heads/jin, the input amount of the menthol is 50.5-100 g/m3。
2. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress reaction according to claim 1, wherein the manual operation comprises replacing the attaching base, pouring into a pool, sieving or transporting.
3. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to claim 1, wherein the dormant agent menthol mixed bait is thrown into the water body 1.5-3 hours before manual operation.
4. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the time for releasing the stichopus japonicus from the attachment group is 15 to 40min when menthol as a resting agent is added into a water body until the stichopus japonicus with a weight of 1/2 or more is in a relaxed and stretched state or 1/2 or more.
5. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mass ratio of the menthol to the bait is 1-2: 3-16.
6. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of stichopus japonicus to the bait per cubic meter of aquaculture water is (80-120): (2-10).
7. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the manual operation time is not more than 16h at most.
8. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a step of reviving the stichopus japonicus after the manual operation;
the method for reviving the stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the dormant stichopus japonicus in the brown sugar water solution for 45-60 min to recover the stichopus japonicus.
9. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress reaction according to claim 8, wherein the concentration of the brown sugar aqueous solution is 100-200 mg/L.
10. The method for preventing stichopus japonicus from generating stress response according to claim 9, wherein the stichopus japonicus is not fed within 10-14 hours after recovery, the bait is fed according to 0.5-2% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus for the first time, and the normal feeding amount is recovered 24-36 hours after recovery.
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