WO2004032271A1 - 燃料電池の運転方法および燃料電池およびこれを搭載した携帯機器および携帯電話機 - Google Patents
燃料電池の運転方法および燃料電池およびこれを搭載した携帯機器および携帯電話機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004032271A1 WO2004032271A1 PCT/JP2003/012306 JP0312306W WO2004032271A1 WO 2004032271 A1 WO2004032271 A1 WO 2004032271A1 JP 0312306 W JP0312306 W JP 0312306W WO 2004032271 A1 WO2004032271 A1 WO 2004032271A1
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- fuel cell
- vibration
- fuel
- electrode
- current collector
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell using an organic compound as a fuel, an operation method of the fuel cell, a mobile device equipped with the fuel cell, and a mobile phone.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is constructed by using a solid polymer electrolyte membrane such as a perfluorosulfonate membrane as an electrolyte, and joining a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode to both sides of the membrane. Hydrogen is supplied to the fuel electrode and oxygen is supplied to the oxidizer electrode to generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane such as a perfluorosulfonate membrane
- Oxidant electrode 1 Z 2 O 2 + 2 H + + 2 e ⁇ H 20 (2)
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell can obtain a high output of 1 A / cm 2 or more at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode include a mixture of carbon particles carrying a catalytic substance and a solid polymer electrolyte. Generally, this mixture is applied to an electrode substrate such as carbon paper which serves as a fuel gas diffusion layer. A fuel cell is formed by sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte membrane between these two electrodes and thermocompression bonding.
- the hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel electrode passes through the through hole in the electrode and reaches the catalyst as shown in the above reaction formula (1), and emits electrons to become hydrogen ions.
- the emitted electrons are led to the external circuit through the carbon particles in the fuel electrode, and flow into the oxidizer electrode from the external circuit.
- hydrogen ions generated at the fuel electrode reach the oxidizer electrode through the solid polymer electrolyte in the fuel electrode and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between both electrodes.
- the hydrogen ions react with oxygen supplied to the oxidant electrode and electrons flowing from an external circuit to generate water as shown in the above reaction formula (2).
- the external circuit electrons flow from the fuel electrode to the oxidizer electrode, and power is extracted.
- the fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel has been described above.
- a fuel cell using an organic compound such as methanol as a fuel have been actively conducted.
- Such fuel cells use an organic compound that is reformed into hydrogen gas and used as fuel, and a fuel cell without reforming an organic liquid fuel, as represented by a direct methanol fuel cell. Some are supplied directly.
- the latter fuel cell has a structure in which an organic liquid fuel such as methanol is directly supplied to the fuel electrode, and therefore does not require a device such as a reformer. Therefore, the configuration of the battery can be simplified, and the entire device can be downsized.
- organic liquid fuels are Excellent in portability. Therefore, fuel cells using such organic liquid fuels are expected to be installed in portable information devices (portable devices) such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and PDAs in the future.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-184430 discloses a fuel cell technology.
- the fuel cell according to this technique includes a piezoelectric element and a vibration plate on at least one of the oxidizing gas flow path and the fuel gas flow path.
- the water at the oxidizer electrode is efficiently removed by the vibration of the piezoelectric element and the vibration plate.
- the piezoelectric element and the diaphragm are provided in the cell, the manufacturing process and structure are complicated.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-205585 discloses a fuel cell technology.
- the fuel cell of this technology includes a fuel electrode and an oxygen reaction electrode, or a vibrator that vibrates the separator. With this shaker, water at the oxygen reaction electrode and the fuel electrode can be eliminated.
- the 5 require a separate power supply for driving the vibrator, it is difficult to achieve a sufficiently compact and lightweight.
- a fuel cell technique is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-120720.
- the fuel cell of this technology has an electrolyte membrane, a fuel electrode, an oxidizer electrode, a fuel container, and a separation membrane.
- the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode are arranged to face each other with the electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween.
- the fuel container holds the liquid fuel on the anode surface.
- the separation membrane is provided in the fuel container, separates carbon dioxide and liquid fuel, and selectively discharges carbon dioxide generated from the fuel electrode to the outside of the fuel container.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-56686 discloses a technique of a fuel cell using a liquid fuel.
- the fuel cell according to this technique has a structure in which a fuel electrode provided with a catalyst portion and an oxidant electrode are arranged in an electrolyte. At the boundary between the electrolyte and the catalyst part of the fuel electrode, A channel groove for supplying liquid fuel is formed on the surface. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell capable of efficiently removing carbon dioxide from a fuel electrode and obtaining a stable output, and a portable information device (portable device) using the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-output fuel cell having a simple manufacturing process and structure, and a portable information device (portable device) using the same.
- a fuel cell according to the present invention includes a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode, an organic liquid fuel is supplied as fuel to the fuel electrode, and an oxidant is supplied to the oxidant electrode to generate electric power.
- the fuel cell includes a fuel cell main body, and a vibration generating unit that generates vibration so that carbon dioxide generated in the fuel electrode by vibration of the fuel electrode is removed.
- the above fuel cell further includes a control unit that controls the driving of the vibration generation unit based on the output of the fuel cell body.
- the above fuel cell further includes a power supply unit that supplies AC power for driving the vibration generation unit to the vibration generation unit.
- the vibration generator is driven by a part of the output of the fuel cell body.
- the vibration generator includes a piezoelectric vibrator that generates vibration.
- the vibration generating section is provided on the fuel cell main body.
- the fuel cell further includes a support provided with the fuel cell main body and the vibration generating section.
- the support transmits the vibration to the fuel cell body.
- the fuel cell main body includes a porous current collector.
- the current collector is coated with a hydrophilic coating material.
- the fuel cell body includes a porous current collector.
- the current collector is coated with a hydrophobic coating material.
- the fuel electrode includes a current collector, and a fuel electrode catalyst layer in which one surface is in contact with the current collector and the other surface is in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the current collector has a through hole. In the through hole, the diameter of the surface on the side of the anode catalyst layer is smaller than the diameter of the opposite surface.
- a portable device (portable information device) of the present invention includes a housing and a fuel cell held in the housing.
- the fuel cell is provided in the housing, includes a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode, and supplies an organic liquid fuel as fuel to the fuel electrode, and supplies an oxidant to the oxidant electrode to generate electric power.
- a vibration generating unit that is provided in the housing and generates vibration so that the fuel electrode vibrates to remove carbon dioxide generated at the fuel electrode.
- the fuel cell further includes a control unit that controls driving of the vibration generating unit based on an output of the fuel cell main body.
- the power supply unit further includes a power supply unit that supplies the raw unit.
- the power supply unit is driven by a part of the output of the fuel cell main body.
- the vibration generating unit includes a piezoelectric vibrator that generates vibration.
- the vibration generating section is provided on the fuel cell body.
- the fuel cell further includes a support provided with the fuel cell main body and the vibration generator.
- the support transmits vibration to the fuel cell body.
- the fuel cell body includes a porous current collector.
- the current collector is coated with a hydrophilic coating material.
- the fuel cell main body includes a porous current collector.
- the current collector is coated with a hydrophobic coating material.
- the fuel electrode includes a current collector, and a fuel electrode catalyst layer in which one surface is in contact with the current collector and the other surface is in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the current collector has a through hole. In the through hole, the diameter of the surface on the side of the anode catalyst layer is smaller than the diameter of the opposite surface.
- the housing includes an outer housing, an inner housing included in the outer housing, and a vibration damping material that joins the outer housing and the inner housing.
- the fuel cell is held in the inner housing.
- the inner part is held by the inner casing, and It further includes an information notification unit that transmits vibration of the housing to the outer housing and notifies the user of information by vibrating the outer housing.
- the vibration generating unit also functions as an information notifying unit that notifies a user of information by vibrating the housing.
- the vibration damping material includes a butyl rubber-based material.
- a mobile phone includes a housing, and a fuel cell held by the housing.
- the fuel cell includes a fuel cell body and a vibration generator.
- the fuel cell main body is provided in the housing, includes a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode, supplies an organic liquid fuel to the fuel electrode, and supplies an oxidant to the oxidant electrode to generate electric power.
- the vibration generator is provided in the housing, and generates vibration so that the fuel electrode vibrates and carbon dioxide generated in the fuel electrode is removed.
- the vibration generating unit also functions as an information notifying unit that notifies a user of information by vibrating the housing.
- a method of operating a fuel cell includes: (a) supplying an organic liquid fuel to a fuel electrode of a fuel cell and supplying an oxidant to an oxidant electrode to generate power; (B) a step of applying vibration to the fuel electrode to remove carbon dioxide generated at the fuel electrode.
- the vibration is generated by passing an AC current through the piezoelectric vibrator.
- the vibration is generated by using a part of the current output by the fuel cell.
- the step (b) includes the step (b) A step of providing vibration to the fuel electrode when the output of the fuel cell falls below a predetermined threshold.
- the fuel cell main body with the vibration generating section, it is possible to provide a fuel cell capable of efficiently removing carbon dioxide from the fuel electrode and obtaining a stable output.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a power generation portion of the fuel cell main body in FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing a cross section in an embodiment of a mobile phone as one of the mobile devices of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a cross section AA ′ of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of an embodiment of a mobile phone as one of the mobile devices of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a power generation portion of another modification of the fuel cell main body in FIG.
- FIG. 6A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a fuel cell having a control function.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a control block of feedback control.
- FIG. 6C shows the relationship between the first and second voltmeters in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the embodiment of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell 350 includes a fuel cell main body 100, an invar device 316, and a piezoelectric vibrator 314 as a vibration generator.
- the fuel cell main body 100 has four terminals of a first plus terminal 3 18, a first minus terminal 3 19, a second plus terminal 3 20, and a second minus terminal 3 21.
- the first plus terminal 318 and the first minus terminal 319 are output terminals for connection to an external circuit.
- the second positive terminal 320 and the second negative terminal 320 connect the fuel cell body 100 and the piezoelectric vibrator 314 via an inverter device 316. Connect with the air.
- the current flowing between the first plus terminal 318 and the first minus terminal 319 and the current flowing between the second plus terminal 320 and the second minus terminal 321 are separated by a shunt (not shown). It is diverted.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a power generation portion of the fuel cell main body 100 in FIG.
- the electrode-electrolyte assembly 101 includes a fuel electrode 102, an oxidant electrode 108, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114.
- Fuel electrode 102 is on the fuel electrode side It includes a current collector 104 and a fuel electrode side catalyst layer 106.
- the oxidant electrode 108 includes an oxidant electrode-side current collector 110 and an oxidant electrode-side catalyst layer 112.
- the fuel electrode side current collector 104 and the oxidant electrode side current collector 110 each have a large number of through holes (not shown).
- a plurality of electrode-electrolyte assemblies 101 are stacked with the fuel electrode side separator 120 and the oxidizer electrode side separator 122 interposed therebetween, and are electrically connected to each other to form the fuel cell body 10 0 is configured.
- a fuel flow path 3 10 through which the fuel 124 flows is provided between the fuel electrode side separator 120 and the fuel electrode side current collector 104.
- an oxidant flow path 3 12 through which the oxidant 126 flows is provided between the oxidant electrode side separator 122 and the fuel electrode side current collector 104.
- the fuel electrode 102 is supplied to the fuel electrode 102 of each electrode-electrolyte assembly 101 through the fuel flow channel 310.
- the fuel 124 passes through the through-hole of the anode current collector 104, reaches the anode catalyst layer 106, and is subjected to the reaction of the aforementioned reaction formula (3).
- hydrogen ions, electrons and carbon dioxide are generated.
- the hydrogen ions pass through the polymer electrolyte membrane 114 and move to the oxidant electrode 108.
- the electrons move to the oxidizer electrode 108 via the anode current collector 104 and an external circuit.
- an oxidizer 126 such as air or oxygen is supplied to the oxidizer electrode 108 of each electrode-electrolyte assembly 101 through the oxidizer flow path 312.
- This oxygen and the oxidant electrode 1 generated at the fuel electrode 102 as described above The hydrogen ions and electrons that have moved to 08 react as shown in the above-mentioned reaction formula (4) to produce water.
- the electrons flow from the fuel electrode 102 to the oxidant electrode 108 in the external circuit, so that electric power is obtained.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 314 shown in FIG. 1 oscillates the fuel electrode 102 to encourage the movement of the carbon dioxide gas bubbles.
- the amount of carbon dioxide remaining in the fuel electrode 102 can be reduced. Therefore, the reaction of the above-mentioned reaction formula (3) proceeds smoothly, and a stable output can be obtained.
- the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 314 is generated as follows. A part of the direct current output from the fuel cell main body 100 is supplied to the chamber overnight device 316 and converted into an alternating current. Next, this alternating current is supplied to the piezoelectric vibrator 314 to generate vibration. Since this vibration is transmitted to the entire fuel cell body 100, the vibration is also transmitted to the fuel electrode 108. Therefore, the above-mentioned desorption of carbon dioxide can be realized.
- a fuel cell in a portable information device portable device
- Power is preferably supplied from 100 to the inverter device 316 ⁇ This is because it is difficult for portable information devices (portable devices) to use other external power sources. It is more preferable that the piezoelectric vibrator 314 is disposed outside the fuel cell main body 100 at a position close to the fuel electrode 108. This is because the vibration generated by the piezoelectric vibrator 314 can be easily transmitted to the fuel electrode 108.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 314 utilizes the property of piezoelectric ceramics, which is distorted when a voltage is applied. Therefore, vibration can also be generated by intermittently flowing a DC current to the piezoelectric vibrator 314. However, when the piezoelectric vibrator 314 is driven by converting it into an AC current by the inverter device 316 as in the present embodiment, a vibration having a displacement twice as large as that caused by the DC current can be generated. Therefore, stronger vibration can be given to the fuel electrode 102. Therefore, carbon dioxide can be more effectively removed.
- a piezoelectric vibrator of a bimorph type, a monomorph type, a unimorph type, or the like can be used.
- a bimorph type piezoelectric vibrator is preferable. This is because power consumption is small and large displacement can be obtained at low voltage.
- a bimorph type piezoelectric vibrator for example, a piezoelectric ceramic actuator manufactured by TFT Corporation can be used.
- Matsushita Electronic Components Co., Ltd. TCXF series etc. can be used.
- the above-described vibration may be always generated.
- the vibration may be generated when a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- the predetermined condition is, for example, when the output of the fuel cell main body 100 is lower than a predetermined threshold, a predetermined time (threshold value) has elapsed since the fuel cell main body 100 was turned on.
- a predetermined power for example, when a predetermined power (threshold) is consumed, when a current equal to or more than a predetermined current value (threshold) flows, and the like. Thereby, the power consumed by the piezoelectric vibrators 314 can be suppressed.
- Figure 7 shows the process.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation in the embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention.
- the fuel cell generates power (step S O 1).
- data relating to predetermined conditions eg, output of the fuel cell main body 100, time since the fuel cell main body 100 was turned on, power consumption, and current value
- step SO 2 data relating to predetermined conditions
- step SO3 It is compared with the threshold (step S03).
- Step S03, Yes the fuel cell is vibrated (step S04). If the relationship between the data and the threshold does not satisfy the predetermined condition (Step S03, No), if the fuel cell is vibrating, the vibration is stopped (Step S05). If power generation by the fuel cell has not been completed (Step S06, No), the process returns to Step SO2. When the power generation of the fuel cell is completed (Step S06, Yes), if the fuel cell is vibrating, the vibration is stopped (Step S07). Further, feedback control may be performed.
- each control described above can be realized by adopting a configuration as shown in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 6A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a fuel cell having a control function.
- the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 3 14 of the vibrating section 3 18 is controlled by the vibration control section 4 63 via the inverting device 3 16.
- the vibration control section 4 63 Evening device 3 16 may be included.
- a first voltmeter 417 and a second voltmeter 419 are connected to the load 453 and the fuel cell main body 100, respectively.
- an ammeter 415 for measuring a current from the fuel cell body 100 is connected.
- the values of the ammeter 4 15, the first voltmeter 4 17 and the second voltmeter 4 19 are the current 4 51, the output 4 5 7 from the load 4 5 3 and the reference output 4 respectively.
- the vibration controller 463 For example, when the output 457 falls below a predetermined threshold, when a predetermined time elapses after the current 451 starts flowing, the vibration controller 463 outputs a predetermined power (output 457). When X current 4 5 1) is consumed, and when current 4 5 1 exceeds the specified current value, turn on the inverter 3 16.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an example of a control block of the feedback control by the vibration controller 463.
- an output 457 and a reference output 467 are input to the vibration controller 463.
- the vibration controller 463 performs a predetermined calculation (example: difference, ratio) for calculating an amount using these as variables. Then, the magnitude relationship between the calculated amount and a predetermined threshold value set in advance is compared. Compare. For example, when the calculated amount is smaller than the threshold, feedback control for controlling the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 314 of the vibrating section 318 is performed. For example, PID control is performed based on the output 457 and the reference output 467, and a control signal for controlling the receiver 316 is output.
- the inverter 316 is driven based on the control signal output from the vibration controller 463. As a result, vibration is generated from the piezoelectric vibrator 3 14, and bubbles of carbon dioxide are removed from the fuel electrode 102. Therefore, the output of the fuel cell main body 100 increases. On the other hand, when the above ratio or difference is larger than the threshold value, the vibration control unit 463 stops the inverting device 316. By operating while performing the above-described feedback control, the piezoelectric vibrators 314 can be efficiently driven. Therefore, a stable power generation state can be maintained without increasing the load.
- FIG. 6C is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration between the first voltmeter 4 17 and the second volt meter 4 19 in FIG. 6A, which is in parallel with the fuel cell main body 100.
- This is an example in which a zener diode 4 7 1 is provided.
- a constant reference output can be obtained, and this can be detected by the second voltmeter 419.
- the above is a control method when the reference output 467 is provided and compared with the output 457 from the load 453.
- the supply of the fuel 124 does not measure the reference output 467, but only detects the output from the fuel cell main body 100. 6, frequency It is also possible by changing the number or voltage.
- vibration is generated only when the output falls below a predetermined threshold, as described above.For example, vibration with a predetermined frequency is generated based on the output reduction rate. Feedback control may be performed.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114 has a role of separating the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidizer electrode 108 and of transferring hydrogen ions between the two.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114 is preferably a membrane having high hydrogen ion conductivity. Further, it is preferable that it is chemically stable and has high mechanical strength.
- the material constituting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114 include an organic polymer having a polar group such as a strong acid group such as a sulfone group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphone group, or a phosphine group, or a weak acid group such as a lipoxyl group. Molecules are preferably used.
- the fuel electrode-side current collector 104 and the oxidant electrode-side current collector 110 are, for example, carbon rubber, molded carbon, sintered carbon, sintered metal, foamed metal, etc. Can be used.
- the stagnation of carbon dioxide bubbles in the anode-side current collector 104 causes a decrease in power generation efficiency.
- the cause of the bubble stagnation is that the moisture covering the bubbles remains on the anode-side current collector 104. Therefore, it is preferable to perform a surface treatment with a hydrophilic coating material or a hydrophobic coating material on the surface of the anode-side current collector 104.
- a hydrophilic coating material By performing surface treatment with a hydrophilic coating material, the fluidity of fuel on the surface of the anode current collector 104 is improved.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a power generation part of another modification of the fuel cell main body in FIG.
- the fuel electrode side current collector 104 may be provided with a tapered through-hole 333. By doing so, a synergistic effect with the above-described vibration occurs, and the bubbles of carbon dioxide are more easily moved from the fuel electrode side current collector 104 to the fuel flow path 310. Therefore, the reaction of the fuel electrode is facilitated.
- the fuel electrode side current collector 104 can be manufactured, for example, as follows. A stainless steel plate is selected as a current collector, and a through-hole is provided in this stainless steel plate using a drill with a diameter of 1 mm. Next, the through hole is counterbored using a drill having a diameter of 2 mm to form a tapered through hole 333.
- anode-side current collector 104 As long as the shape of the anode-side current collector 104 is stable, May be applied to the above-mentioned porous substrate material.
- Examples of the catalyst for the fuel electrode 102 include platinum, alloys of platinum with ruthenium, gold, rhenium, and the like, rhodium, palladium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, and lithium. , Lanthanum, strontium, yttrium and the like.
- the catalyst for the oxidant electrode 108 the same catalyst as the catalyst for the fuel electrode 102 can be used, and the above-mentioned exemplified substances can be used.
- the catalyst for the fuel electrode 102 and the catalyst for the oxidant electrode 108 may be the same or different.
- the carbon particles supporting the catalyst include acetylene black (Denka Black (registered trademark, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo), XC72 (Vulcan), etc.), carbon black, ketjen black (ketjen black). ⁇ In-Yuichi National Co., Ltd.), carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns.
- an organic liquid fuel such as methanol, ethanol, or dimethyl ether can be used.
- the method for producing the fuel cell body 100 is not particularly limited, but can be produced, for example, as follows.
- a catalyst is supported on carbon particles. This step can be performed by a commonly used impregnation method.
- carbon particles carrying a catalyst and solid polymer electrolyte particles such as naphion are dispersed in a solvent to form a paste, which is then used as a substrate.
- a catalyst layer can be obtained by coating and drying. After the paste is applied, heating is performed at a heating temperature and a heating time according to the fluororesin to be used, so that a fuel electrode 102 or an oxidant electrode 108 is produced.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114 can be manufactured by employing an appropriate method depending on the material to be used. For example, it can be obtained by casting a liquid obtained by dissolving or dispersing an organic polymer material in a solvent on a releasable sheet such as polytetrafluoroethylene and drying.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114 produced as described above was
- the piezoelectric vibrator 3 14 can be directly fixed to the surface of the fuel cell main body 100 as shown in FIG. 1, but it is not always necessary that both are adjacent to each other.
- the fuel cell main body 100 and the piezoelectric vibrator 31 may be fixed on a single substrate with a space therebetween. This is because the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 3 14 is transmitted to the fuel cell main body 100 via this substrate, so that the above-described effects can be obtained.
- a vibration motor can be employed as the vibration generator.
- a vibration motor include FM23A and CM5M manufactured by Akizuki Denshi, FF-H30WA and RF-J20WA manufactured by Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd.
- Vibration motors typically generate vibration with direct current. Therefore, the vibration mode vibrates When used as a generator, the inverting device can be omitted, and a simpler configuration is possible.
- a mobile phone which is one of portable information devices (portable devices) using a fuel cell including a vibration generating unit as a power source will be described.
- some mobile phones have a function of notifying a user of an incoming call by vibrating a vibration motor or the like.
- the mobile phone according to the present embodiment is characterized in that such a vibration motor is used also as the above-mentioned vibration generation unit.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of an embodiment of a mobile phone which is one of the portable information devices of the present invention, and shows only a main portion related to the mobile phone of the present embodiment. is there.
- the portable information device is exemplified by a mobile phone, a notebook computer, and a PDA.
- the mobile phone 360 has an outer housing 327 and an inner housing 326. As shown in the figure, a vibration damping material 328 is sandwiched between the outer wall of the inner housing 3 26 and the inner wall of the outer housing 3 27, and in this state, the outer housing 3 27 and the inner housing are The body 3 2 6 is joined to each other. A board 3 25 is fixed inside the inner casing 3 26. A fuel cell 3 22, a plunger 3 2 3 and a vibration motor 3 2 4 are provided on the substrate 3 2 5. Further, on the plunger 323, a pad 329 having no vibration damping property is provided. The same fuel cell as that described in the first embodiment can be used as the fuel cell 322. Wiring 3 between fuel cell 3 2 2 and vibration motor 3 2 4 It is electrically connected by 32.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a cross section AA ′ of FIG. 3A.
- An inner housing 326 is provided so as to surround the substrate 325.
- Vibration damping material 328 is arranged around the inner housing 326.
- the outer casing 3 227 is located outside the outer casing. Similar to the fuel cell shown in the first embodiment, a part of the output of the fuel cell 322 is supplied to the vibration motor 324. As a result, vibration is generated from the vibration motor 3 2 4. This vibration is transmitted to the fuel cell 322 via the substrate 325, so that carbon dioxide is effectively removed from the fuel electrode in the fuel cell 322. As a result, smooth operation of the fuel cell 32 2 is realized.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a cross section AA ′ of FIG. 3A.
- An inner housing 326 is provided so as to surround the substrate 325.
- Vibration damping material 328 is arranged around the inner housing 326.
- the outer casing 3 227 is located outside the outer casing.
- FIG. 3A shows a state of the mobile phone when there is no incoming call.
- the vibration generated from the vibration motor 324 is transmitted to the inner casing 326 through the substrate 325, but the vibration is absorbed by the vibration damping material 328. Therefore, since the vibration is not transmitted to the outer housing 327, the user does not sense the vibration.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of an embodiment of a mobile phone which is one of the portable information devices of the present invention, and shows only a main part related to the mobile phone of the present embodiment.
- Figure 4 shows the state of a mobile phone when receiving a call.
- the plunger 3 2 3 pushes up the pad 3 2 9 and makes the pad 3 2 9 and the outer housing 3 2 7 come into close contact with each other.
- the vibration from the vibration motor 1324 is transmitted to the outer housing 327. Therefore, the user senses the vibration and knows that a call is being received.
- Switching between the states shown in FIGS. 3A and 4 is performed, for example, by using an information processing unit normally provided in a mobile phone. This can be performed by controlling the plunger 32 3 by a central processing unit (not shown) which is a unit.
- the vibration damping material 328 for example, a butyl rubber-based vibration damping material such as a Zetro vibration damping sheet manufactured by Iida Sangyo Co., Ltd., and a vibration damping rubber U-NBC manufactured by Iida Sangyo can be used.
- the plunger 32 a small plunger MA series manufactured by TDK Corporation is exemplified.
- the pad 329 is preferably made of a material having a large coefficient of friction in order to effectively transmit vibration to the outer casing 327, and examples thereof include a silicon rubber material.
- vibration motor 324 examples include FM23A and CM5M manufactured by Akizuki Denshi, and FF_H30WA and RF-J20WA manufactured by Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd. Further, instead of the vibration motors 324, it is also possible to use an accommodation device and a piezoelectric vibrator as described in the first embodiment.
- a piezoelectric vibrator 314 is provided as a vibration generation unit, and an inverter unit 316 is provided as a power (alternating current) supply unit.
- the invar device 316 converts a part of the output of the fuel cell main body 100 into an AC current, and the AC current drives the piezoelectric vibrator 314.
- carbon fine particles (Denka Black; manufactured by Denki Kagaku) were used as catalysts contained in the fuel electrode side catalyst layer 106 and the oxidant electrode side catalyst layer 112. 50% platinum (Pt) -ruthenium (Ru) alloy supported by weight The catalyst-supported carbon fine particles thus used were used.
- the alloy composition was 50 at% Ru, and the weight ratio between the alloy and the carbon fine powder was 1: 1.
- To 1 g of the catalyst-supporting carbon fine particles was added 18 ml of a 5 wt% naphthion solution manufactured by Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd., and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 3 hours with an ultrasonic mixer to form a catalyst paste.
- This paste was applied to a carbon paper (Toray: TGP—H—120) made of water-repellent polytetrafluoroethylene by 2 mgZcm2 by the screen printing method, It was dried at 0 ° C. to obtain a fuel electrode 102 and an oxidizer electrode 108.
- one solid polymer electrolyte membrane 114 (Naphion (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont), film thickness 150 ⁇ m) was subjected to the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidant electrode 1 obtained above. 08 was thermocompression-bonded at 120 ° C. to produce a unit cell. Eight of the above unit cells were stacked via a stainless steel fuel electrode side separator 120 and an oxidizer electrode side separator 122, and connected in series to form a fuel cell main body 100.
- the inverting device 3 16 and the fuel cell main body 100 were connected by the second plus terminal 320 and the second minus terminal 32 1.
- the inverter device 3 16 and the piezoelectric vibrator 3 14 were electrically connected, and the piezoelectric vibrator 3 14 was fixed to the side surface of the fuel cell main body 100 with an adhesive tape.
- the fuel cell of this comparative example is composed of the fuel cell of the above-described embodiment, and includes an inverter device 3 16, a piezoelectric vibrator 3 14, a second positive terminal 3 20, a second negative terminal 3 21, and a shunt.
- the configuration is excluded.
- a 10% aqueous methanol solution was supplied to the fuel electrode of this fuel cell in 2 m 1 minute.
- a current value of 300 mA was observed at a voltage of 4.0 V, but this output decreased with the passage of time. After 10 hours, the output was 50%.
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003266641A AU2003266641A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-26 | Method for operating fuel cell, fuel cell, and mobile device and mobile phone using same |
US10/525,651 US20050282047A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-26 | Method for operating fuel cell, fuel cell, and mobile device and mobile phone using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002287786A JP3912249B2 (ja) | 2002-09-30 | 2002-09-30 | 燃料電池の運転方法および燃料電池を搭載した携帯機器 |
JP2002-287786 | 2002-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004032271A1 true WO2004032271A1 (ja) | 2004-04-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2003/012306 WO2004032271A1 (ja) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-26 | 燃料電池の運転方法および燃料電池およびこれを搭載した携帯機器および携帯電話機 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050282047A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3912249B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1324750C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003266641A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI228843B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004032271A1 (ja) |
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EP2581972A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-17 | Research In Motion Limited | Methods and systems for improving fuel cell efficiency |
US20130095406A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Research In Motion Limited | Methods and systems for improving fuel cell efficiency |
US9276276B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2016-03-01 | Blackberry Limited | Apparatus for electronic devices with vibrators and fuel cells |
US9809099B2 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2017-11-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell vehicle and method of mounting fuel cell stack on vehicle |
RU2691127C1 (ru) * | 2016-07-05 | 2019-06-11 | Фано России Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение Науки Институт Проблем Технологии Микроэлектроники И Особочистых Материалов Российской Академии Наук (Иптм Ран) | Прямой метанольный топливный элемент |
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- 2003-09-26 US US10/525,651 patent/US20050282047A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-26 WO PCT/JP2003/012306 patent/WO2004032271A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-26 CN CNB038200678A patent/CN1324750C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200410441A (en) | 2004-06-16 |
CN1324750C (zh) | 2007-07-04 |
JP3912249B2 (ja) | 2007-05-09 |
CN1679197A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
US20050282047A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
AU2003266641A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
JP2004152491A (ja) | 2004-05-27 |
TWI228843B (en) | 2005-03-01 |
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