WO2004031252A2 - Anionisch polymerisiertes schlagzähes polystyrol mit guter fliessfähigkeit - Google Patents
Anionisch polymerisiertes schlagzähes polystyrol mit guter fliessfähigkeit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004031252A2 WO2004031252A2 PCT/EP2003/009808 EP0309808W WO2004031252A2 WO 2004031252 A2 WO2004031252 A2 WO 2004031252A2 EP 0309808 W EP0309808 W EP 0309808W WO 2004031252 A2 WO2004031252 A2 WO 2004031252A2
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- impact
- styrene
- polystyrene
- resistant polystyrene
- organyl
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/006—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to block copolymers containing at least one sequence of polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F287/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to block polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ani ⁇ nically polymerized, impact-resistant polystyrene with good flowability, and thermoplastic molding compositions containing this polystyrene.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of said polystyrene, an initiator composition for anionic polymerization and its use for the production of impact-resistant polystyrene, furthermore the use of the impact-resistant polystyrene or the thermoplastic molding compositions for the production of moldings, films, fibers and foams, and finally the moldings, foils, fibers and foams mentioned.
- styrene In addition to the homopolymerization of styrene, there is also a graft polymerization of styrene on polybutadiene.
- a "phase inversion" occurs due to the formation of polystyrene and the simultaneous decrease in the monomeric styrene.
- the morphology, particle size and particle size distribution of the disperse rubber particles determine the properties of the impact-resistant polystyrene. They depend on various process parameters, such as the viscosity of the rubber solution and shear forces during stirring.
- Anionic polymerization for the production of impact-resistant polystyrene is fundamentally different from the radical polymerization described above.
- metal organyl compounds are generally used as initiators, for example ithiumorganyle such as butyllithium.
- the polymerization proceeds via negatively charged centers, for example via carbon ions.
- the radical production of impact-resistant polystyrene knew process parameters not directly applicable to the anionic polymerization of styrene in the presence of rubbers.
- the reaction rate of the anionic polymerization is significantly higher than that of the radical! Which requires, among other things, different reaction temperatures.
- homopolybutadiene for example, cannot be used exclusively as rubber, since no grafting reactions occur in the anionic polymerization of styrene; styrene-butadiene copolymers, for example styrene-butadiene block copolymers, are preferably used as the rubber phase.
- thermoplastic molding compositions by anionic polymerization of styrene in the presence of styrene-butadiene block copolymers is known, for example, from DE-A 42 35 978, WO 96/18666, WO 96/18682, WO 99/40135 or US 4 153 647.
- the impact-modified products obtained have lower residual monomer and oligomer contents than the products obtained by free-radical polymerization.
- WO 98/07766 describes the continuous production of impact-modified molding compositions using styrene-butadiene rubbers.
- the rubbers were anionically polymerized using retarding additives such as alkaline earth metal, zinc and aluminum alkyls in styrene as solvents.
- WO 99/67308 describes anionically polymerized, impact-resistant polystyrene with high rigidity and toughness.
- WO 01/85816 discloses anionically polymerized, impact-resistant polystyrene with a special rubber morphology.
- the anionically polymerized impact-resistant polystyrenes described above have a property profile that is not optimal for processing in the injection molding process.
- MVR melt volume ratio
- the injection molded parts should have good mechanical properties (toughness) and an optically perfect surface with high gloss.
- Impact-resistant polystyrene with better injection molding properties, ie better flowability (higher MVR) can be produced by radical polymerization.
- a radically polymerized high impact polystyrene having a melt volume flow rate of 8 to 12 cm 3/10 min and a is
- the task was to remedy the disadvantages described.
- the object was to provide an impact-resistant polystyrene which both has low levels of residual monomers and oligomers and also has good injection molding properties.
- an impact-resistant polystyrene with high flowability should be found.
- a method of making it should also be found.
- melt volume flow rate MVR measured according to EN ISO 1133 at 200 ° C test temperature and 5 kg Nominal load of at least 8 cm 3/10 min was found.
- thermoplastic molding compositions processes, initiator compositions and uses mentioned at the outset, and the moldings, films, fibers and foams mentioned there, were found. Further embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
- test condition H see table A.l on page 11 of the standard.
- the melt volume-flow rate MVR is of impact-modified polystyrene, measured according to EN ISO 1133 at 200 ° C test temperature and 5 kg load, of at least 8 cm 3/10 min. Preferably in the range of 8 to 20 cm 3/10 min, in particular 8 to 18 cm 3/10 min.
- the impact-resistant polystyrene has a high gloss.
- a test specimen which was produced by injection molding at 240 ° C. melt temperature has a gloss of at least 25%, measured according to DIN 67530 as a 20 ° reflectometer value.
- DIN 67530 means the German standard DIN 67530 (January 1982).
- a test specimen produced at 260 ° C melt temperature preferably has a gloss of at least 30%, and a test specimen produced at 280 ° C melt temperature preferably has a gloss of at least 35% (production of the test specimen and measurement otherwise as described above).
- the polystyrene according to the invention has high impact strength.
- a test specimen manufactured according to EN ISO 3167 has a Charpy impact strength a of at least 8 kJ / m 2 , measured according to EN ISO 179 / leA with a milled notch at 23 ° C.
- EN ISO 3167 is the German standard DN EN ISO 3167: 1996 (March 1997).
- the polystyrene according to the invention has at least one of the following mechanical or thermal properties:
- Puncture work W tot determined in the puncture test according to EN ISO 6603-2 (German standard DIN EN ISO 6603-2: 1996 (February 1997)) at 23 ° C and test specimen production at a) 200 ° C melt temperature of at least 5 kJ / m 2 b ) 230 ° C melt temperature of at least 6 kJ / m 2 c) 260 ° C melt temperature of at least 12 kJ / m 2 Thermal stability, determined as Vicat softening temperature VST, method B50 (force 50 N, heating rate 50 ° C / h) according to EN ISO 306 (German standard DIN EN ISO 306: 1996 (January 1997)), of at least 87 ° C.
- the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention is produced by anionic polymerization, in particular by anionic polymerization of monomeric styrene in the presence of a rubber.
- Rubber is to be understood as meaning polymers with a glass transition temperature Tg (determined using differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) of 0 ° C. or below.
- Suitable rubbers are those based on butadiene or other rubber-forming monomers, for example polybutadiene (less preferred) or butadiene-styrene copolymers (preferred).
- Styrene-butadiene block copolymers are particularly preferably used.
- a polystyrene hard matrix is obtained in which a rubber phase is dispersed.
- the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention can be prepared by anionically polymerizing styrene in the presence of a styrene-butadiene block copolymer, using an alkali metal organyl as an anionic polymerization initiator and an aluminum organyl, magnesium organyl or zinc organyl as a retarder.
- the block structure essentially results from first anionically polymerizing styrene alone, which results in a styrene block. After the styrene monomers have been consumed, the monomer is changed by adding monomeric butadiene and polymerizing anionically to form a butadiene block (so-called sequential polymerization).
- the resulting two-block polymer S-B can be polymerized by renewed monomer change on styrene to a three-block polymer S-B-S, if desired.
- the impact-resistant anionic polystyrene according to the invention has better mechanical properties than an impact-resistant polystyrene produced by free radicals.
- the two styrene blocks can be of the same size (same molecular weight, ie symmetrical structure Si-B-Si) or different sizes (different molecular weight, ie asymmetrical structure S ⁇ _B-S). The same applies mutatis mutandis to the two butadiene blocks of the block copolymers BOD.
- block sequences SSB or S ⁇ _S_B, or S-BB or S-B ⁇ _B 2 are also possible.
- the indices for the block sizes are given above.
- the block sizes depend, for example, on the amounts of monomer used and the polymerization conditions.
- the block copolymers mentioned can have a linear structure as described above. However, branched or star-shaped structures are also possible and preferred for some applications. Branched block copolymers are obtained in a known manner, for example by grafting polymeric "side branches" onto a polymer main chain.
- Star-shaped block copolymers are formed, for example, by reacting the living anionic chain ends with an at least bifunctional coupling agent.
- an at least bifunctional coupling agent are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,985,830, 3,280,084, 3,637,554 and 4,091,053.
- Epoxidized glycerides e.g. epoxidized linseed oil or soybean oil
- silicon halides such as SiCl 4
- divinylbenzene divinylbenzene
- polyfunctional aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides or epoxides are preferred.
- Dichlorodialkylsilanes, dialdehydes such as terephthalaldehyde and esters such as ethyl formate are also particularly suitable for dimerization.
- symmetrical or asymmetrical star structures can be produced, ie the individual star branches can be the same or different, in particular contain different blocks S, B, B / S or different block sequences. Further Details of star-shaped block copolymers can be found, for example, in WO-A 00/58380.
- the monomer names styrene and butadiene used above are also examples of other vinyl aromatics and dienes.
- An asymmetric styrene-butadiene-styrene three-block copolymer S ⁇ -BS is particularly preferably used as the rubber for producing the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention, Si being a styrene block with a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range from 5000 to 100000 g / mol, preferably 10,000 to 40,000 g / mol, B is a butadiene block with a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range from 12,000 to 500,000 g / mol, preferably 70,000 to 250,000 g / mol and S is a styrene block with a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range from 30,000 to 300,000 g / mol, preferably 50,000 mean up to 200000 g / mol.
- the residual butadiene content of the styrene-butadiene block copolymers used and of the homopolybutadiene in the butadiene block should be below 200 ppm, preferably below 50 pp, in particular below 5 ppm.
- the rubber content based on the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention, is advantageously 5 to 35, preferably 14 to 27 and in particular 18 to 23% by weight.
- butadiene-styrene copolymers are preferably used as rubbers.
- the rubber also contains styrene and / or another comonomer in addition to butadiene - the butadiene content of the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention is naturally lower than the rubber content.
- the butadiene content (regardless of the rubber used) is preferably 2 to 25, in particular 8 to 16 and particularly preferably 11 to 13% by weight, based on the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention.
- the conversion, based on styrene, of the hard matrix is generally over 90%, preferably over 99%. In principle, the process can also lead to a complete turnover.
- styrene other vinyl aromatic monomers can also be used for the polymerization of the hard matrix and / or the styrene blocks in the block copolymers.
- Styrene is particularly preferably used.
- the rubbers can also contain other dienes, for example 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, isoprene or mixtures thereof.
- Alkali metal organyls in particular mono-, bi- or multifunctional alkali metal alkyls, aryls or aralkyls, are usually used as anionic polymerization initiators.
- Organic lithium compounds are expediently used, such as ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, diphenylhexyl, hexamethylene di, butadiene, isoprenyl, polystyryllithium or the multifunctional compounds 1, 4-dilithiobutane, 1, -dilithio-2-butene or 1,4-di-lithiobenzene.
- Sec-butyllithium is preferably used.
- the amount of alkali metal organyl required depends on the desired molecular weight, the type and amount of the other metal organyls used, and the polymerization temperature. As a rule, it is in the range from 0.002 to 5 mol percent, based on the total amount of monomers.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the absence or in the presence of a solvent.
- the polymerization is advantageously carried out in an aliphatic, isoeyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, cumene, hexane, heptane, octane or cyclohexane.
- Solvents with a boiling point above 95 ° C. are preferably used.
- Toluene is particularly preferably used.
- retarders additives which reduce the rate of polymerization, so-called retarders as described in WO 98/07766, can be added.
- Suitable retarders are, for example, metal organyles of an element of the second or third main group or of the second subgroup of the periodic table.
- the organyls of the elements Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Zn, Cd, Hg can be used.
- Organyls are understood to mean the organometallic compounds of the elements mentioned with at least one metal-carbon ⁇ bond, in particular the alkyl or aryl compound.
- the metal organyls can also contain hydrogen, halogen or organic radicals bound via heteroatoms, such as alcoholates or phenolates, on the metal. The latter can be obtained, for example, by whole or partial hydrolysis, alcoholysis or aminolysis. Mixtures of different metal organyls can also be used.
- Aluminum organyls which can be used are those of the formula R 3 A1, where the radicals R independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ -C 2 o-alkyl or C 6 -Co-aryl.
- Preferred aluminum organyls are the aluminum trialkyls, such as triethyl aluminum, tri-iso-butyl aluminum, tri-n-butyl aluminum, tri-isopropyl aluminum, tri-n-hexyl aluminum.
- Triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) is particularly preferably used.
- Aluminum organyls which can be used are those which result from partial or complete hydrolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis or oxidation of alkyl or arylaluminum compounds.
- Examples are diethyl aluminum ethoxide, diisobutyl aluminum ethoxide, diisobutyl (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) aluminum (CAS No. 56252-56-3), methylaluminoxane, isobutylated methylaluminoxane, Isobutylaluminoxane, tetraisobutyldialuminoxane or bis (diisobutyl) alumina.
- Suitable magnesium organyls are those of the formula R 2 Mg, where the radicals R independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 2 -alkyl or C 6 ⁇ C 2 o-aryl.
- Dialkyl magnesium compounds are preferably used, in particular the ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl or octyl compounds available as commercial products.
- the hydrocarbon-soluble (n-butyl) (s-butyl) magnesium is particularly preferably used.
- Zinc organyls which can be used are those of the formula RZn, where the radicals R independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 6 -C 2 o-aryl.
- Preferred zinc organyls are dialkyl zinc compounds, in particular with ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl or octyl as the alkyl radical. Diethyl zinc is particularly preferred.
- alkali metal organyls or aluminum, magnesium or zinc organyls can also be used.
- the amount of alkali metal organyl required depends, inter alia, on the desired molecular weight (molar mass) of the polymer which is to be prepared, on the type and amount of the aluminum organyl, magnesium organyl or zinc organyl used and on the polymerization temperature. As a rule, one uses 0.0001 to 10, preferably 0.001 to 1 and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.2 mol% of alkali metal organyl, based on the total amount of the monomers used.
- the required amount of aluminum organyl, magnesium organyl or zinc organyl depends, among other things. the type and amount of the alkali metal organyls used, and the polymerization temperature. Usually 0.0001 to 10, preferably 0.001 to 1 and particularly 0.01 to 0.2 mol% aluminum, magnesium or zinc organyl are used, based on the total amount of the monomers used.
- the molar ratio of alkali metal organyl (initiator) to aluminum organyl, magnesium organyl or zinc organyl (retarder) can vary within wide limits. For example, according to the desired retardation effect, the polymerization temperature, the type and amount (concentration) of the monomers used, and the desired molecular weight of the polymer.
- the anionic polymerization of styrene in the presence of the rubber is particularly preferably carried out in the presence of an initiator composition which is obtained by mixing the alkali metal organyl (in particular the lithium organyl) with styrene and subsequent additions of the aluminum organyl , Magnesium organyls or zinc organyls.
- the anionic polymerization can be carried out in the presence of an initiator composition which can be obtained by mixing sec-butyllithium and styrene and then adding triisobutylaluminum (TIBA).
- an initiator composition which can be obtained by mixing sec-butyllithium and styrene and then adding triisobutylaluminum (TIBA).
- styrene and the alkali metal organyl form an oligomeric polystyrene-alkali metal compound composed of polystyryl anion and alkali metal cation and that the polymerization takes place on the polystyryl anion. Accordingly, a compound [polystyryl] ⁇ Li® is probably formed from styrene and lithium organyl.
- the amounts of lithium organyl and aluminum organyl are particularly preferably selected such that the molar Al / Li ratio is in the range from 0.01: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 0.5: 1 to 1: 1, in particular approximately 0.95: 1 ,
- the stated amounts or proportions of initiators and retarders are to be understood as those amounts which are used in the polymerization of the styrene in the presence of the rubber and do not take into account initiators or retarders which may already be present in the rubber (for example if the rubber is also produced by anionic polymerization has been) .
- the initiator composition is preferably prepared using a solvent or suspending agent (depending on the solubility of the alkali metal organyl or the Al, Mg or Zn organyl, hereinafter referred to collectively as the solvent).
- Suitable solvents are in particular inert hydrocarbons, more specifically aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, pentane, hexane, heptane, isooctane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, decalin or paraffin oil, or mixtures thereof. Toluene is particularly preferred.
- the aluminum organyl, magnesium organyl or zinc organyl is dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon, e.g. Toluene, a.
- alkali metal organyl and styrene are usually carried out with stirring at 0 to 80 ° C, in particular 20 to 50 ° C, particularly preferably 20 to 30 ° C, for which purpose cooling is necessary if necessary.
- the aluminum, magnesium or zinc organyl is preferably only added to the mixture thus obtained after a certain waiting time: for example 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes, after the mixing of styrene and alkali metal organyl.
- the initiator composition can be allowed to mature (age) for a certain time after the addition of the Al, Mg or Zn organyls.
- the ripening or aging of the freshly prepared initiator composition can in some cases be advantageous for reproducible use in anionic polymerization.
- initiator components which are used separately from one another or are mixed only shortly before the initiation of the polymerization, in some cases produce less reproducible polymerization conditions and polymer properties.
- the observed aging process is presumably due to complex formation of the metal compounds, which is slower than the mixing process.
- a maturation time of about 2 minutes is usually sufficient for the concentration and temperature range specified above.
- the homogeneous mixture is preferably left to mature for at least 5 minutes, in particular at least 20 minutes. However, it is usually not detrimental if the homogeneous mixture is left to mature for several hours, for example 1 to 480 hours.
- the mixing of the initiator components can be carried out in any mixing unit, preferably those which can be charged with inert gas.
- stirred reactors with anchor stirrers or shaking vessels are suitable. Tubes with static mixing elements are particularly suitable for continuous production.
- the mixing process is necessary for homogeneous mixing of the initiator components. It is not necessary to continue mixing during ripening.
- the ripening can also take place in a stirred tank with a continuous flow or in a pipe section, the volume of which, together with the flow rate, determines the ripening time.
- the initiator composition described obtainable by mixing the alkali metal organyl (in particular sec-butyllithium) and styrene and then adding the AI, Mg or Zn organyl (in particular TIBA), is the subject of the invention, as is the use of these initiators together as described above - Setting for the production of impact-resistant polystyrene by anionic polymerization.
- the polymerization of the styrene in the presence of the rubber can be polymerized batchwise or continuously in stirred tanks, circulation reactors, tubular reactors, tower reactors or annular disk reactors, as described in WO 97/07766.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out continuously in a reactor arrangement comprising at least one back-mixing (e.g. stirred tank) and at least one non-back-mixing reactor (e.g. tower reactor).
- a protic substance for example alcohols, such as isopropanol, phenols; Water; or acids, such as aqueous carbon dioxide solution, or carboxylic acids, such as ethylhexanoic acid.
- the content of styrene monomers in the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention is generally at most 50 ppm, preferably at most 10 ppm, and the content of styrene dimers and styrene trimers is at most 500 ppm, preferably at most 200 ppm, particularly preferably draws less than 100 ppm.
- the content of ethylbenzene in the impact-resistant polystyrene is preferably below 5 ppm.
- crosslinking of the rubber particles can be expedient to achieve crosslinking of the rubber particles by appropriate temperature control and / or by adding peroxides, in particular those with a high decomposition temperature such as, for example, dicumyl peroxide.
- the peroxides are added after the end of the polymerization and, if appropriate, addition of the chain terminator and before the degassing.
- thermal crosslinking of the soft phase is preferably carried out after the polymerization at temperatures in the range from 200 to 300.degree.
- the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention can be used as such. However, it can also be blended with other thermoplastic polymers, e.g. with other polystyrenes, especially low molecular weight polystyrenes.
- the invention therefore furthermore relates to thermoplastic molding compositions containing
- the polystyrene B accordingly has a comparatively low molecular weight, i.e. it is low molecular weight.
- Polystyrene B is preferably produced by anionic polymerization. In a further preferred embodiment, the polystyrene B is rubber-free.
- the number average molecular weight M n of the polystyrene B is preferably at most 16,000, in particular 6,000 to 13,000 g / mol.
- the GPC measurement to determine the M n is calibrated as usual with polystyrene calibration standards.
- low molecular weight polystyrenes B The production of the low molecular weight polystyrenes B is described, for example, in Uhlmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, 2000 Electronic Release, published by Wiley VCH, keyword “polystyrene and styrene copolymers ", in particular chap. 1-.2" Polystyrene / Production ".
- 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight of mineral oil (white oil), based on the impact-resistant polystyrene, can be added to the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention.
- the polymers can contain conventional additives and processing aids, e.g. Lubricants or mold release agents, colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives, or mixtures thereof.
- Lubricants or mold release agents colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives, or mixtures thereof.
- colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives, or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable lubricants and mold release agents are e.g. Stearic acids, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid esters or amides, metal stearates, montan waxes and those based on polyethylene and polypropylene.
- Pigments are, for example, titanium dioxide, phthalocyanines, ultramarine blue, iron oxides or carbon black, and the class of organic pigments. Dyes are to be understood as all dyes that can be used for the transparent, semi-transparent or non-transparent coloring of polymers. Dyes of this type are known to the person skilled in the art.
- antioxidants are, for example, sterically hindered phenols, hydroquinones, various substituted representatives of this group and mixtures thereof. They are commercially available as Topanol or Irgano.
- Suitable light stabilizers are e.g. various substituted resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles, benzophenones, HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers), such as those e.g. available as Tmuvm (_) commercially available.
- HALS hindered amine light stabilizers
- fibrous or pulverulent fillers are carbon or glass fibers in the form of glass fabrics, glass mats or glass silk rovings, cut glass, glass balls and wollastonite, particularly preferably glass fibers.
- glass fibers these can be be equipped with the blend components with a size and an adhesion promoter.
- Glass fibers can be incorporated both in the form of short glass fibers and in the form of continuous strands (rovings).
- Suitable particulate fillers are carbon black, amorphous silica, magnesium carbonate (chalk), powdered quartz, mica, mica, bentonite, talc, feldspar or, in particular, calcium silicates such as wollastonite and kaolin.
- Suitable antistatic agents are, for example, amine derivatives such as N, N-is (hydroxyalkyl) alkylamines or alkylene amines, polyethylene glycol ethers or glycerol mono- and distearates, and mixtures thereof.
- the impact-resistant polystyrenes or thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention can be produced by mixing processes known per se, for example by melting in an extruder, Banbury mixer, kneader, roller mill or calender. However, the components can also be mixed "cold” and the powdery or granular mixture is only melted and homogenized during processing.
- Moldings including semi-finished products, foils, films and foams of all kinds can be produced from the impact-resistant polystyrenes or thermoplastic molding compositions.
- the invention accordingly also relates to the use of the impact-resistant polystyrenes or thermoplastic molding compositions for the production of moldings, foils, fibers and foams, and to the moldings, foils, fibers and foams obtainable from the impact-resistant polystyrenes or thermoplastic molding compositions.
- the polymers according to the invention are distinguished by a low content of residual monomers or oligomers. This advantage is particularly important in the case of styrene-containing polymers, because the low content of residual styrene monomers and styrene oligomers makes subsequent degassing unnecessary - for example on a degassing extruder, combined with higher costs and disadvantageous thermal damage to the polymer (depolymerization).
- the polymers according to the invention are also distinguished by good injection molding properties, in particular by high flow properties.
- the moldings obtainable therefrom have a high gloss and good mechanical and thermal properties, in particular high Charpy notched impact strengths, high moduli of elasticity, yield stresses, breaking stresses and puncture work, and good Vicat heat resistance.
- the gloss of the anionic polystyrene according to the invention - with the same good injection molding behavior - is better than the gloss of radically produced polystyrene.
- the mechanical properties of the polystyrene according to the invention are also superior to those of the radical polystyrene.
- Styrene purified, from BASF,
- Butadiene purified, from BASF, sec. -Butyllithium as a 12% by weight solution in cyclohexane, finished solution from Chemmetall,
- Toluene purified, from BASF.
- the above styrene portion M5 was added when the internal reactor temperature was 10 ° C above the temperature before the last butadiene addition M4. Finally, the reaction was stopped by adding 10.9 g of water.
- the reaction mixture had a solids content of 25% by weight and was diluted to 16% by weight solids content by adding 293 kg of styrene.
- the rubber solution accordingly contained 16% by weight of rubber, 49% by weight of toluene and 35% by weight of styrene.
- the block copolymer had a monomodal distribution according to GPC analysis (gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran, calibration with polystyrene or polybutadiene standards).
- the residual butadiene content was less than 10 ppm.
- the molecular weights were: butadiene block 120000, styrene block 95000, determined by GPC as described above.
- the butadiene content was 21.5% by weight.
- the block copolymer had a monomodal distribution according to GPC analysis (gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran, calibration with polystyrene or polybutadiene standards).
- the residual butadiene content was less than 10 ppm.
- the molecular weights (block lengths) were for K2: first styrene block 11000, butadiene block 155000, second styrene block 85000, and for K3: first styrene block 10000, butadiene block 110000, second styrene block 80000, determined by GPC as described above.
- the butadiene content was 19.4% by weight for K2 and 21.8% by weight for K3.
- the polymerization was carried out continuously in a double-walled 50 l stirred kettle with a standard anchor stirrer.
- the reactor was designed for an absolute pressure of 25 bar and was tempered with a heat transfer medium and by means of evaporative cooling for isothermal reaction control.
- a kg / h of styrene, B kg / h of the rubber solution C, and D g / h of the initiator solution (initiator solution see item 1 above) were metered continuously into the stirred kettle with stirring at 115 rpm and kept at a constant internal reactor temperature E. At the exit of the stirred tank, the conversion was 40%.
- the reaction mixture was conveyed in a stirred 29 l tower reactor which was provided with two heating zones of the same size (first zone 110 ° C., second zone 160 ° C. internal temperature).
- the discharge from the tower reactor was mixed with F g / h of an additive solution G, then passed through a mixer and finally through a
- Example 6V an impact-resistant polystyrene was used, which was produced by radical polymerization.
- the polystyrene was produced as described in WO 00/32662, Example 1 on page 8, lines 1 to 25.
- the impact-resistant polystyrene obtained was granulated and dried.
- the granules were injection molded at a melt temperature of 230 ° C and a mold surface temperature of 45 ° C (unless stated otherwise) to the corresponding test specimens.
- Heat resistance Vicat B determined as Vicat soaking temperature VST, method B50 (force 50 N, heating rate 50 ° C / h) according to EN ISO 306, on test specimens manufactured according to EN ISO 3167.
- Melt volume flow rate MVR determined on the granulate according to EN ISO 1133 at 200 ° C test temperature and 5 kg nominal load.
- Gel content determined on the granules as follows: approx. 5 g of granules were post-crosslinked under nitrogen at 280 ° C. in a heating cabinet for 90 min. Approximately So much toluene was added to 2.6 g of the post-crosslinked granules at 25 ° C. that the mixture contained 5.74% by weight of polymer. 18 g of the mixture were placed in a balanced centrifuge beaker and the sample was centrifuged at 16,000 rpm for 60 min. The supernatant solution was decanted (follow-up time 3 seconds) and the remaining sample in the centrifuge beaker for 120 minutes dried at 140 ° C. The cooled cup was weighed out. The polymer weight was calculated. It was
- Swelling index determined on the granules as follows: about 2.6 g of the (non-crosslinked) granules were swollen in toluene, centrifuged, decanted and dried, as described in the measurement of the gel content. It was
- Viscosity number VZ corrected VZ determined according to DIN 53726 on a 0.5% by weight solution of the impact-resistant polystyrene in toluene at 23 ° C.
- Iodine number as a measure of the polybutadiene content, determined according to DIN 53241-1 (May 1995) including Appendix A.
- Particle sizes dio, dso, d 90 of the rubber particles determined with the Mastersizer from Malvern Instruments.
- the d ⁇ o value indicates the particle diameter in which 10% by weight of all particles have a smaller and 90% by weight a larger diameter.
- the d 9 o ⁇ value that 90 wt .-% of all particles have a smaller, and 10 wt .-% have a larger diameter than the diameter which corresponds to the DGN value.
- the weight-average particle diameter dso indicates that particle diameter in which 50% by weight of all particles have a larger and 50% by weight a smaller particle diameter.
- d ⁇ o ⁇ , dso- and d 9 n value characterize the breadth of the particle size distribution.
- Charpy impact strength a ⁇ determined according to EN ISO 179 / leA (test specimen type 1, impact direction e on the narrow side, notch type A V-shaped) with milled notch, at 23 ° C and at -30 ° C.
- Elastic modulus E, yield stress ⁇ s , breaking stress ⁇ R, elongation at break ⁇ s and nominal elongation at break ⁇ R each determined in a tensile test according to EN ISO 527 (DIN EN ISO 527-1 and 527-2) at 23 ° C.
- Gloss determined according to DIN 67530 as a 20 ° reflectometer value on a test specimen produced at a melting temperature of 240, 260 or 280 ° C (melt temperature), using a laboratory reflectometer LMG 070 from Dr. Bruno Lange at 23 ° C.
- Residual content of styrene monomer or ethylbenzene, determined by gas chromatography.
- Table 3 summarizes the results of the impact-resistant polystyrene.
- the examples show the balanced property profile of the anionically polymerized impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention.
- the residual monomer content was low.
- the injection molding properties in particular were excellent due to the high MVR.
- the molded articles produced from the polystyrene according to the invention had good mechanical properties, in particular good Charpy notched impact strengths, high moduli of elasticity, insertion stresses, breaking stresses and puncture work, as well as a high gloss and good heat resistance.
- Example 4V min a comparative example not according to the invention due to the low MVR of 6.5 cm3 / 10 min.
- Example 6V is a comparative example since the impact-resistant polystyrene in question - not according to the invention - was produced by free radicals.
- the comparison of the properties of the "radical” example 6V with the properties of the "anionic” examples shows that the mechanical, optical, thermal and injection molding properties of the anionic polystyrene according to the invention are absolutely equal to those of the conventional radical polystyrene - in addition there is the advantageous one , significantly lower residual monomer content of the anionic polystyrene.
- the gloss of the anionic polystyrene according to the invention was higher than that of the radical polystyrene.
- Thermoplastic molding compositions were prepared from the anionic impact-resistant polystyrenes from Examples 1 to 5 above by mixing with an anionically polymerized, rubber-free, standard polystyrene of low molecular weight.
- PS 1 anionic rubber-free polystyrene with a number average molecular weight M n , determined by GPC as described above, of 12000 g / mol.
- PS 2 like PS 1, but M n 7000 g / mol.
- the components were intimately mixed in the proportions given in Table 4 on a twin-screw extruder ZSK30 / 5 from Werner + Pfleiderer at 200 ° C. and a throughput of 10 kg / h while melting, the melt was discharged and granulated.
- Examples 7, 12, 17, 22V and 27 are identical to Examples 1, 2, 3, 4V and 5 above (100% by weight impact-resistant polystyrene) and are listed again for better comparability of the data.
- thermoplastic molding compositions (nb not determined, composition [% by weight])
- thermoplastic molding compositions (nb not determined, composition [% by weight])
- thermoplastic molding compositions (nb not determined, composition [% by weight])
- thermoplastic molding compositions (not determined, composition [% by weight])
- thermoplastic molding compositions (not determined, composition [% by weight])
- the examples show that the properties of the impact-resistant anionic polystyrene can be customized by adding small amounts (only 3 or 5% by weight, based on the thermoplastic molding composition) of a low molecular weight, rubber-free standard polystyrene.
- thermoplastic molding compositions can be produced, the properties of which are optimized for certain applications.
- the injection molding properties of the anionic polystyrene according to the invention i.e. significantly improve the MVR by adding small amounts of a low molecular weight standard polystyrene, while maintaining the good mechanical and other properties of the anionic polystyrene.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004540585A JP2005538239A (ja) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-04 | 良好な流動能を有する陰イオン重合された耐衝撃性ポリスチレン |
EP03767494A EP1543050A2 (de) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-04 | Anionisch polymerisiertes schlagzähes polystyrol mit guter fliessfähigkeit |
US10/527,039 US20050272875A1 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-04 | Anionically polymerized impact polystyrene having good flowability |
AU2003291978A AU2003291978A1 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-04 | Anionically polymerized impact polystyrene having good flowability |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10241850A DE10241850A1 (de) | 2002-09-09 | 2002-09-09 | Anionisch polymerisiertes schlagzähes Polystyrol mit guter Fliessfähigkeit |
DE10241850 | 2002-09-09 |
Publications (2)
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WO2004031252A2 true WO2004031252A2 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
WO2004031252A3 WO2004031252A3 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
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PCT/EP2003/009808 WO2004031252A2 (de) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-04 | Anionisch polymerisiertes schlagzähes polystyrol mit guter fliessfähigkeit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050272875A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1543050A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005538239A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003291978A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10241850A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004031252A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2005082958A1 (de) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Vereinfachtes verfahren zur herstellung von schlagzähem polystyrol |
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MX2009011561A (es) * | 2007-05-01 | 2009-11-10 | Kraton Polymers Us Llc | Composicion aglutinante bituminosa y proceso para preparar la misma. |
KR20110127125A (ko) | 2009-02-19 | 2011-11-24 | 테이진 카세이 가부시키가이샤 | 난연성 수지 조성물 및 그것으로부터의 성형품 |
WO2019039373A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-28 | 日本エイアンドエル株式会社 | 樹脂繊維およびその製造方法 |
JP6993163B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-12 | 2022-01-13 | 東洋スチレン株式会社 | スチレン系樹脂組成物 |
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2002
- 2002-09-09 DE DE10241850A patent/DE10241850A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2003
- 2003-09-04 JP JP2004540585A patent/JP2005538239A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-04 US US10/527,039 patent/US20050272875A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-04 AU AU2003291978A patent/AU2003291978A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-04 WO PCT/EP2003/009808 patent/WO2004031252A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-04 EP EP03767494A patent/EP1543050A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1543050A2 (de) | 2005-06-22 |
US20050272875A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
DE10241850A1 (de) | 2004-03-18 |
WO2004031252A3 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
AU2003291978A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
JP2005538239A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
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