WO2003107424A1 - 磁気抵抗ランダムアクセスメモリー装置およびこれを構成する強磁性半導体の強磁性転移温度の制御方法 - Google Patents
磁気抵抗ランダムアクセスメモリー装置およびこれを構成する強磁性半導体の強磁性転移温度の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/10—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration
- H01L27/105—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration including field-effect components
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- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device using a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor pn diode and not including a MOS transistor.
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- MRAMs using a metal magnetic thin film There are two types of conventional MRAMs using a metal magnetic thin film: a type using the giant magnetoresistance effect (GMR) and a type using the tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR).
- GMR giant magnetoresistance effect
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance effect
- the type using the GMR element is easier to fabricate, and since the element itself is a conductor, the elements can be connected in series, making it easier to increase the capacity.
- the signal voltage will be 1 / N, so if N becomes large, it will be buried in noise and cannot be read. Since the resistance of the GMR element is small, the signal voltage itself is essentially small, and the read amplifier is enlarged. Need to be This results in increased cost and chip size. This is problematic for consumer use, and GMR memories are only used under very limited conditions for military and space applications.
- the TMR element has a high resistance, so that it cannot be connected in series like a GMR element, but is connected in parallel.
- An MRAM using a TMR element generally uses a combination of a MOS transistor and a TMR element as a memory cell. MOS transistors are needed because without them, when current flows through bit and word lines, current will flow through cells other than the selected memory cell.
- a MOS transistor In order to select a memory device, a MOS transistor is required as a switch function. For this reason, the memory size of the MRAM is determined by the size of the MOS transistor. This is a real and serious problem with increasing the capacity of MRAM, and is one of the reasons that hinders practical application.
- the memory cell structure is similar to DRAM and uses TMR elements instead of capacitors.
- the basic structure is similar to that of the Fe RAM, the variation in the Fe RAM is still large, so one transistor is composed of two transistors and two ferroelectric elements. As a result, 1-bit memory cells become large, making it difficult to achieve high integration.
- the magnetoresistance ratio (MR ratio) of a TMR device using a metal magnetic thin film is about 50%. These do not change with the size of the element.
- the capacitance decreases as the size of the element decreases.
- the MR change rate of MRAM does not change depending on the size of the element, but the size of the element is reduced in DRAM. And the capacitance becomes smaller.
- MRAM ferroelectric film cannot be formed unless the temperature is raised to 500 ° C. or higher.
- the feature of MRAM is that there is no problem with rewriting many times.
- the MRAM can be used in nuclear reactors and space.
- the MRAM can be nonvolatile, perform high-speed writing / reading, and have a large capacity.
- current metal ferromagnetic thin film MRAM as the size of the memory cell decreases, the current magnetic field required for magnetization reversal increases. This is a problem associated with increasing the capacity of MRAM, and is one of the reasons that hinders practical application.
- the variation in TMR value can be kept within 2%, but the variation in magnetization reversal field is large.
- the thermal resistance of TMR has the highest MR change rate at a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C.
- the CMOS transistor is damaged in microfabrication and metal wiring, and is usually used in hydrogen. Heated at a temperature of 0 ° C. At this time, the MR change rate of the TMR becomes zero. It is necessary to improve the heat resistance or lower the temperature during the heat treatment process.
- Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-135857 (Patent No. 3050189)
- Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-106462
- Patent Document 3 WO 0 1/024289 (Republished Patent) Disclosure of the Invention
- the TMR element In a MRAM using a TMR element made of a metal ferromagnetic thin film, the TMR element has a high resistance, and therefore cannot be connected in series like a GMR element, but is connected in parallel.
- An MRAM using a TMR element usually uses a combination of a MOS transistor and a TMR element as a memory cell. MOS transistors are required because without them, when current flows through bit and word lines, current will flow through cells other than the selected memory cell.
- a MOS transistor is required as a switch function.
- the first problem to be solved by the present invention is that a MOS transistor is indispensable for a switch function in order to select a memory element, and this is a p_n junction rectification diode made of a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor.
- Another object of the present invention is to develop an MRAM capable of ultra-high integration with a simple structure without a MOS transistor by using a pin junction rectification.
- the size of the memory of the MRAM is determined by the size of the MOS transistor, so if 1 ⁇ [1 1 ⁇ to 1 ⁇ 03 transistors can be eliminated, the integration of the MRAM The degree can be dramatically increased.
- the MR change rate of a TMR device made of a metal ferromagnetic thin film is about 50%. This does not change with the size of the element. 100% spin polarization of p-type and n-type
- the MR change rate is 100 ° /.
- the second problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a high-performance MRAM of a new system with a large increase to 500%.
- the thermal resistance of a TMR device using a metal ferromagnetic thin film has the highest MR ratio at a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C.
- CMOS transistors suffer from microfabrication and damage to metal wiring. Heated at a temperature of 400 ° C in hydrogen. At this time, the MR ratio of the TMR element becomes 0. It is necessary to improve the heat resistance or lower the temperature during the heat treatment process.
- MRAM that does not include a MOS transistor during manufacturing enables processing at high temperatures, and the thermal resistance of TMR using magnetic semiconductors is the highest MR ratio at high heat treatment temperatures of 500 ° C or higher. Can be used positively.
- MRAM using a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor can use the manufacturing process of dry etching called chemical reaction etching, which is usually used for semiconductors.
- chemical reaction etching which is usually used for semiconductors.
- a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor have a nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer (
- a p-i-i-n-type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance (low-resistance TMR) diode with at least three i-layers sandwiched between atomic layers has been realized.
- MR AM magnetoresistive random access memory
- a similar effect can be obtained by a pn junction type low resistance tunnel magnetoresistance (low resistance TMR) diode formed by a junction between a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor.
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance
- RAM could be manufactured using essentially normal semiconductor manufacturing processes, such as laser MBE or MOCVD at 200 ° C.
- transition metals such as Cr and V during the crystal growth from 10 at% to 15 at%
- the temperature was lowered to about 200 ° C. from the normal crystal growth temperature of ZnO alone.
- This enabled the use of dry etching, a chemical process commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing processes.
- These methods enable mass production such as MR AM memory using this method, and MRAM manufacturing technology that does not include realistic transistors is provided by the present invention. Has been realized.
- the present invention is a new type of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device using a magnetic semiconductor, which does not include a MOS transistor composed of the following, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- the p_i-n3 ⁇ 4 low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (at least one non-magnetic insulator atomic layer (i-layer) sandwiched between a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor) Resistive TMR)
- MR AM magnetoresistive random access memory
- the p_n junction type low-resistance tunneling magneto-resistance effect (low-resistance TMR) based on the junction of a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor enables the TMR element to use the switch effect that utilizes the rectification effect.
- a random access memory (MRAM) device provided by the company.
- a ⁇ -VI compound semiconductor (ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, ZnO, CdTe, CdS, CdSe, etc.) is made of a system doped with Cr-holes.
- a pn junction type low resistance tunneling magnetoresistance (low resistance TMR) diode consisting of a system in which V and electrons are doped into the ⁇ -VI compound semiconductor described above.
- a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device in which a switching effect utilizing the rectification effect is provided to the TMR element.
- an M_V compound semiconductor GaAs, GaN, GaSb, InN, InAs, InSb, A1N, AlSb, AlAs, etc.
- the above-mentioned ⁇ —V compound semiconductor is made of a system in which Cr and electrons are doped.
- MR AM magnetoresistive random access memory
- a ⁇ ⁇ group compound semiconductor (ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, ZnO, CdTe, CdS, CdSe, etc.) is composed of a system doped with Cr and holes.
- a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor it is composed of a system in which V and electrons are doped into the above ⁇ _ VI group compound semiconductor, and at least one or more non-magnetic insulator atomic layers (i-layers) are sandwiched between them.
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- a TMR element has a switch effect utilizing a rectification effect by using an i-n type low resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low resistance TMR) diode.
- a ⁇ - ⁇ group compound semiconductor (GaAs, GaN, GaSb, InN, InAs, InSb, A1N, AlSb, AlAs, etc.) is doped with Mn and holes.
- the ffl_V group compound semiconductor is made of a system in which Cr and electrons are doped, and at least one nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer (i-layer) is formed between them.
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor consists of a system in which Z ⁇ ⁇ is doped with Cr and holes, and as an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor, V, Fe, Co, or Ni, And electron-doped systems, with non- A p-i-n-type low-resistance tunneling magneto-resistance (low-resistance TMR) diode sandwiching at least one or more magnetic insulator atomic layers (i-layers) provides the TMR element with a switch effect using the rectification effect.
- MR AM Magnetoresistive random access memory
- a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor As a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor, it consists of a system in which Z ⁇ is doped with Cr and holes.As an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor, V, Fe, Co, Or a system doped with N i and electrons, and the p_n junction type low resistance tunnel magnetoresistive effect (low resistance TMR) diode formed by these junctions provides a switching effect utilizing the rectification effect to the TMR element.
- a magnetic resistance random access memory (MRAM) device provided.
- IV group semiconductor Si, Ge, Daiyamo command, etc.
- IV group semiconductor Si, Ge, Daiyamo command, etc.
- IV A P-i-n-type low-resistance tunneling magneto-resistance effect (low resistance) consisting of a group semiconductor doped with Mn and electrons, with at least one nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer (i-layer) sandwiched between them.
- TMR A magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device in which a switching effect utilizing the rectification effect is provided to the TMR element by a diode.
- a type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor As a type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor, it is composed of a system in which Fe and holes are doped at substitution positions of a group IV semiconductor (Si, Ge, diamond, etc.). It consists of a system in which Mn and electrons are doped into a Group IV semiconductor. These p_n junction type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance (low-resistance TMR) diodes have a switching effect using a rectification effect in the TMR element. A stacked magnetoresistive random access memory (MR AM) device.
- MR AM stacked magnetoresistive random access memory
- a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor As a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor, it is composed of a group IV semiconductor (Si, Ge, diamond, etc.) doped with Mn and holes at interstitial positions.
- the pn junction type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistive effect (low-resistance TMR) diode uses a rectifying effect to provide a switch effect that utilizes the rectification effect.
- a magnetoresistive random access memory (MR AM) device provided in the TMR element.
- TMR magnetoresistive random access memory
- a similar rectification effect can be obtained by a pn junction type low resistance tunnel magnetoresistance (low resistance TMR) diode formed by the junction of a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor.
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance
- a new type of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device using a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor without a MOS transistor can be manufactured.
- An MRAM using a TMR element usually uses a combination of a MOS transistor and a TMR element as a memory cell.
- the MOS transistor is required because otherwise, when current flows through the bit and word lines, current will flow through cells other than the selected memory cell.
- a MOS transistor is absolutely necessary as a switch function.
- a MOS transistor is indispensable for a switch function, but in the present invention, this is made of a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor! )
- a single-junction spin rectifier diode or a p-i-n single-junction spin rectifier diode allows a simple structure without a MOS transistor and a manufacturing process for the MOS transistor described above. It ’s unnecessary, Moreover, it is possible to develop MRAM that can be highly integrated.
- the MR ratio of a TMR device made of a metal ferromagnetic thin film is about 50%, which does not change with the size of the device.
- the present invention has made it possible to develop a high-performance MRAM with a greatly increased MR change rate.
- the thermal resistance of a TMR device using a metal ferromagnetic thin film has the highest MR ratio at a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C.
- CMOS transistors suffer from microfabrication and damage to metal wiring. Heated at a temperature of 400 ° C in hydrogen. At this time, the MR ratio of TMR becomes 0.
- the present invention is a type of MRAM that does not include a MOS transistor at the time of manufacturing, so that a process at a high temperature becomes possible, and a half-metallic strength is obtained.
- the thermal resistance of a TMR element using a magnetic semiconductor can be positively utilized to achieve the highest MR ratio (100-500%) at a high heat treatment temperature of 500 ° C or higher. Therefore, compared to the conventional MRAM using a TMR element using a metal magnetic material, the MRAM using the half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor according to the present invention can achieve ultra-high performance and ultra-high integration.
- MRAM using a metal ferromagnetic thin film the current magnetic field required for magnetization reversal increases as the size of a memory cell decreases. This was a problem associated with increasing the capacity of MRAMs using metallic magnetic materials.
- MRAM using a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor is basically the same as a normal semiconductor manufacturing process or a process at a lower temperature, so dry etching called chemical reaction etching usually used for semiconductors is used. Since a manufacturing process process by etching can be used, mass production such as an MRAM memory is enabled, and a practical manufacturing technique is realized by the present invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor sandwiching at least one nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer;
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- Fig. 2 shows a pn type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low-resistance TMR) rectifier diode with a structure that does not sandwich a nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer by using a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor.
- Fig. 1 shows a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor sandwiching at least one nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer;
- MRAM magnetoresistive random access memory
- Fig. 2 shows a pn type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low-re
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a new type of magnetoresistive random access memory (MR AM) device.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a MRAM using a conventional TMR element.
- Fig. 4 shows the 3d transition metal impurity concentration and the TMR element when a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) is fabricated for a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor based on the group IV compound semiconductor of the present invention.
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the ferromagnetic semiconductor and the ferromagnetic transition temperature of the ferromagnetic semiconductor.
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the present invention.
- the 3d transition metal impurity concentration and the ferromagnetism of the ferromagnetic semiconductors that make up the TMR element are used when creating magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs).
- 6 is a graph showing a relationship with a transition temperature.
- Figure 6 shows the half-metallic (one spin is metallic and the opposite spin is an insulator) of p-type (Mn-doped) and n-type (Cr-doped) ⁇ —V group diluted magnetic semiconductors (GaAs, GaN).
- 4 is a graph showing an electronic state.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the dependence of the ferromagnetic transition temperature of a p-type (Mn 5 at% doped) m_V diluted magnetic semiconductor (GaAs, GaN) on the hole and electron concentration.
- Figure 8 shows the dependence of the half-metallic electronic state of 1-V diluted magnetic semiconductors (GaAs, GaN) doped with 1 ⁇ 11 on 5 & t ° / 0 on the concentration of the acceptor (Mg) and donor (O).
- the TMR element In a MRAM using a TMR element using a metal ferromagnetic thin film, the TMR element has a high resistance, and therefore cannot be connected in series like a GMR element, but is connected in parallel. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to reduce the resistance, the p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor 1 and the n- type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor 2 form at least an atomic layer (i-layer) 3 of a nonmagnetic insulator.
- i-layer atomic layer
- a p-n junction type low-resistance tunneling magneto-resistance (low-resistance TMR) diode formed by the junction of a p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor 1 and an n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor 2
- TMR tunneling magneto-resistance
- a conventional MRAM composed of a TMR element using a metal ferromagnetic thin film usually uses a combination of a MOS transistor 6 and a TMR element as a memory cell.
- the reason why the MOS transistor 6 is required is that if current is not supplied, current flows through the bit line 3 and the word line 5 to cells other than the selected memory cell. Due to the rectification effect of the i-n type low resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low resistance TMR) diode or pn junction low resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low resistance TMR) diode, the bit line goes to the lead line. Since current flows only in one direction, there is no need to install a MOS transistor as a switch function to select one memory element as in the conventional MRAM.
- FIG 4 shows the rectification of the above-mentioned pin-type and pin-type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low-resistance TMR) diode for a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor based on a ⁇ -V compound semiconductor.
- Figure 5 shows the rectification of the ⁇ -i-i ⁇ and ⁇ - ⁇ type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low-resistance TMR) diode for a half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor based on ⁇ -VI compound semiconductors.
- the present invention by using a rectifying effect caused by a p-n junction or a p-i-n junction made of p-type and n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductors, an extremely simple structure without a MOS transistor is used. High integration is possible, and the manufacturing process for the MOS transistor is not required. Therefore, it is possible to use a high-temperature manufacturing process to develop an ultra-high-integration MRAM.
- the MR ratio of a TMR device made of a metal ferromagnetic thin film is about 50%, which does not change with the size of the device.
- p-type and n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductors are used instead of metal magnetic materials, one of the spin states has metallic conduction, but the reverse spin state has an open band gap and becomes an insulator, and the carrier is completely non-conductive. Since there is not one, spin conduction with 100% spin polarization is obtained.
- Figure 6 shows a half-metallic p-type (Mn-doped) and n-type (Cr-doped) IE-V diluted magnetic semiconductor (GaAs, GaN) (one spin is metallic and the opposite spin is insulated) Body).
- Figure 7 shows the hole and electron concentration dependence of the ferromagnetic transition temperature of p-type (Mn 5 at% doped) DI-V diluted magnetic semiconductors (GaAs, GaN).
- Figure 8 shows the at_V diluted magnetic semiconductor (GaAs, GaN) doped with 5 at% of Mn. The dependence of the half-metallic electronic state on the concentration of the acceptor (Mg) and the donor (O) is shown.
- a large MR change rate of 100 to 500 ° / 0 or more can be obtained.
- Actively utilizing half-metallics an extremely large MR change rate (actually 100-500%, but theoretically 100% spin-polarized carrier, so infinite High-performance MRAM with a greatly increased MR change rate.
- the thermal resistance of a TMR device using a metal ferromagnetic thin film has the highest MR ratio at a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C.
- CMOS transistors suffer from microfabrication and damage to metal wiring. Heated at a temperature of 400 ° C in hydrogen. At this time, the MR ratio of TMR becomes 0.
- the present invention provides n-type (Ga, Cr) N and p-type (Ga, Mn) N-type TMR (insulator is i-GaN) or n-type (Ga, Cr) As!
- TMR insulator is i_GaAs
- type 1 Ga, Mn
- MRAM metal-oxide-semiconductor
- the thermal resistance of a TMR device using a GaN-based or ZnO-based p-type n-type half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor has the highest MR ratio at a high heat treatment temperature of 700 ° C or higher. (100 to 500 ° / 0 ) can be positively utilized, and the half of the present invention can be compared with a conventional MR AM using a TMR element using a metal ferromagnetic thin film.
- New type of MR AM using metallic ferromagnetic semiconductor Because transistors are not required, ultra-high performance and ultra-high integration are possible.
- MRAM magnetic random access memory
- MBE gallium-semiconductor
- ECR cycloton resonance
- transition metals such as Cr and Mn are doped at 2 at ° / 0 to 30 at% during crystal growth, the temperature is lower by about 200 ° C than the normal crystal growth temperature of GaN alone. did. As a result, the process is performed at a lower temperature, and a manufacturing process of dry etching called chemical reactive etching, which is usually used for semiconductors, has been used. These enable mass production like MRAM memory, and the present invention realizes a practical transistor-free MRAM manufacturing technology.
- MRAM Fabrication of MRAM using half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor with n-type (Ga, Cr) N and p-type (Ga, Mn) N.
- p-type (Ga, Mn) N Mn concentration 10 at%), which is a type half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor
- n-type half-metallic dilute Nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer (i-layer) N-type (Ga, Cr) N Cr concentration: 10 at%) which is a ferromagnetic semiconductor
- the write time and read time are as short as 0.2 to 1.3 ns.
- Fig. 2 it is a p-type half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor! ) P-type junction (Ga, Mn) N (Mn concentration 6 at%) and n-type (Ga, Cr) N (Cr concentration 6 at%) -n-junction low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low-resistance TMR)
- a rectifier diode provides the same rectification effect and uses a half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor that does not include a MOS transistor. Operation of the new magnetic random access memory (MR AM).
- MRAM using a metal ferromagnetic thin film, the current magnetic field required for magnetization reversal increases as the size of a memory cell decreases.
- p-type (Zn, Cr) N Cr concentration of 10 at%), which is a p-type half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor, and n-type half-metallic dilute are used to reduce the resistance of the TMR element.
- N-type (Zn, V) N V concentration: 10 at%) which is a ferromagnetic semiconductor
- nonmagnetic insulator atomic layer (i-layer) Z ⁇ sandwiches three atomic layers
- An n-type low-resistance tunnel magnetoresistance effect (low-resistance TMR) diode was fabricated.
- p-type (Zn, Cr) N Cr concentration 15 at%) which is a type half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor and n-type half-metallic dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor Pn junction type low resistance tunnel magnetoresistive effect (low resistance TMR) by junction with type (Zn, V) N (V concentration 15 at%).
- MRAM magnetic random access memory
- Flash memory as a non-volatile memory has a slow writing speed, has a limited number of rewrites, and consumes a lot of power.
- ferroelectric memory F e RAM
- F e RAM ferroelectric memory
- the MRAM device of the present invention does not have any of the above problems. Therefore, DRAM is very likely to be replaced by MRAM in the future, so MRAM will be an indispensable top-priority technology area for the future industry.
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Mram Or Spin Memory Techniques (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
- Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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KR1020047019767A KR100557387B1 (ko) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-11 | 자기저항 랜덤 액세스 메모리 장치 및 이를 구성하는강자성 반도체의 강자성 전이온도의 제어방법 |
US10/518,391 US7164180B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-11 | Magnetoresistive random-access memory device |
EP03733382A EP1548832A1 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-11 | Magnetoresistive random-access memory device |
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JP2002-177540 | 2002-06-18 | ||
JP2002177540A JP3571034B2 (ja) | 2002-06-18 | 2002-06-18 | 磁気抵抗ランダムアクセスメモリー装置 |
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US (1) | US7164180B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1548832A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3571034B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100557387B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1659707A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI262593B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003107424A1 (ja) |
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KR100743034B1 (ko) | 2004-11-29 | 2007-07-27 | 가부시키가이샤 히타치세이사쿠쇼 | 자기 메모리 및 그 제조 방법 |
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WO2003081680A1 (fr) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-02 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Dispositif a magnetoresistance tunnel, dispositif de jonction de semiconducteurs et dispositif electroluminescent a semiconducteur |
US7372117B2 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2008-05-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Magneto-resistance transistor and method thereof |
JP2006229049A (ja) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-31 | Fdk Corp | (Mn−V族)共添加IV族磁性半導体 |
JP2006245479A (ja) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | Nichicon Corp | 電子部品冷却装置 |
EP1830410A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-05 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Single-charge tunnelling device |
KR20080064353A (ko) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 저항 메모리 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
US20080174936A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Western Lights Semiconductor Corp. | Apparatus and Method to Store Electrical Energy |
KR101270172B1 (ko) * | 2007-08-29 | 2013-05-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 산화물 박막 트랜지스터 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR20090111619A (ko) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 한 번 기록할 수 있고 반복 재생 가능한 메모리 장치와이것의 동작을 위한 디스플레이 및 메모리 장치의 동작방법 |
EP2311094B1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2014-01-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Multi-layer reconfigurable switches |
JP5044586B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体記憶装置 |
JP5711637B2 (ja) | 2011-09-26 | 2015-05-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気メモリ素子、磁気メモリ装置、スピントランジスタ、及び集積回路 |
JP5183814B1 (ja) * | 2012-06-28 | 2013-04-17 | 株式会社アドバンテスト | スイッチ装置および試験装置 |
US9401473B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2016-07-26 | Globalfoundries Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Compact RRAM structure with contact-less unit cell |
US9240317B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2016-01-19 | Umm Al-Qura University | High temperature GaN based super semiconductor and fabrication process |
CN105405968A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-16 | 华中科技大学 | 一种调整半金属磁体电子能带结构的方法及其产物 |
DE102015221521A1 (de) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-04 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Tunneldiode und -transistor |
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- 2003-06-11 WO PCT/JP2003/007447 patent/WO2003107424A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-11 CN CN038136414A patent/CN1659707A/zh active Pending
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EP1548832A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
CN1659707A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
JP2004022904A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
TWI262593B (en) | 2006-09-21 |
KR20050007589A (ko) | 2005-01-19 |
TW200401441A (en) | 2004-01-16 |
US7164180B2 (en) | 2007-01-16 |
JP3571034B2 (ja) | 2004-09-29 |
US20060177947A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
KR100557387B1 (ko) | 2006-03-03 |
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