WO2003100277A1 - Element de roulement et organe de transmission de puissance - Google Patents
Element de roulement et organe de transmission de puissance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003100277A1 WO2003100277A1 PCT/JP2003/006237 JP0306237W WO03100277A1 WO 2003100277 A1 WO2003100277 A1 WO 2003100277A1 JP 0306237 W JP0306237 W JP 0306237W WO 03100277 A1 WO03100277 A1 WO 03100277A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rolling
- steel
- life
- test
- power transmission
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rolling component made of induction hardened steel and a power transmission component including the rolling component, which is used under cyclic lubricating conditions and slipping conditions under which cyclic tensile stress acts.
- bearing steel such as SUJ2 which has excellent rolling life
- bearing steel has poor workability and is not suitable for rolling parts with complicated shapes.
- medium carbon steel such as S53C has good workability and is suitable for rolling parts with complicated shapes.
- Medium-carbon steel is usually processed into a complex shape and then subjected to induction hardening at the rolling parts.
- medium-carbon steel is inexpensive due to its low content of expensive alloying elements, which leads to saving of scarce resources1.
- the present invention provides a rolling component made of a medium-carbon steel level steel material having improved rolling life comparable to that of bearing steel and improved surface crack initiation characteristics, and a power transmission component including the rolling component.
- the purpose is to do.
- the steel forming the rolling part is, in the induction hardened and hardened part, a lower limit value A Kth of 6.2 MPa a ⁇ Tm of a stress intensity factor range for tensile fatigue crack growth.
- a lower limit value A Kth of 6.2 MPa a ⁇ Tm of a stress intensity factor range for tensile fatigue crack growth Have more.
- the resistance to the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks due to repeated tensile stress is higher than that of the conventional material (S53C).
- the lower limit value ⁇ of the stress intensity factor range for tensile fatigue crack growth must be equal to or more than a predetermined value for the induction hardened portion of steel used for rolling parts.
- the conventional medium carbon steel S53C for rolling parts it is not disclosed that the lower limit value ⁇ Kth of the above-mentioned stress intensity coefficient range was obtained in the induction hardening portion.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a third-generation hap unit in which a wheel bearing and a constant velocity joint are combined, using a rolling component of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fourth-generation hub unit in which a wheel bearing and a constant velocity joint are combined using the rolling component of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the predicted and measured values of the rolling fatigue life L 10 of the rolling according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a test piece used for measurement of a fatigue crack growth test in Example 2.
- Figure 5 shows the correction factor F j (a / W) and a in equation (4) for finding the stress intensity factor in the fatigue crack growth test.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how to find the lower limit value of the stress intensity factor range in the relationship between the crack growth rate daZdN and the stress intensity factor range ⁇ in the fatigue crack growth test.
- FIG ⁇ is a diagram showing the relationship between the predicted and measured values of the rolling fatigue life L 10 of the rolling according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a hub unit in which the rolling parts of the present invention are used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a third-generation hub unit (H / U), which is a hub joint combining a wheel bearing 6 and a constant velocity joint.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wheel bearing 6 including a fourth-generation H / U that has evolved further.
- H / U the third generation hub unit
- one of the inner races 2 is integrated with the hub wheel 4, and the other inner race 5 is swaged to the hub wheel 4.
- the outer ring 3 is structured to be directly fixed to the knuckle.
- constant velocity joint 1 is an independent part.
- the fourth-generation H / U shown in Fig. 2 has a more compact structure. It is the same as the third generation that one of the inner races 5 is integrated with the hap ring 4, but the other inner race is integrated with the outer joint 3. Therefore, the part is required to have both (I) a rolling fatigue life as a bearing race part, and (II) a life against a rolling oscillating movement accompanied by slip as a joint part.
- the disadvantage of medium carbon steel is that the rolling life is inferior to that of bearing steel.
- the test pieces were induction hardened so that the hardened layer depth was about 2 mm.
- the number of test N was set to 15, and the rolling life was evaluated by L1 () (10% life). The conditions of the rolling fatigue test are shown below.
- Rolling parts such as mating shafts for eidle bearings, constant velocity joints, and pole screws, are accompanied by sliding in addition to rolling. Long life under pure rolling conditions It is necessary to ensure a long service life even under the conditions affected by slip.
- the rolling sliding fatigue test is a two-cylinder test that evaluates the life under rolling sliding conditions. The test pieces were induction hardened so that the depth of the hardened layer was about 2 mm. The test conditions are shown below.
- Table 2 shows the results of the rolling fatigue test and rolling slip fatigue test.
- Measured value of the rolling life L 10 is carbon steel in the conventional S 53 C (Comparative Example B 1) which 2630 X 10 4, bearing steel SUJ 2 (Comparative Example B 10) is 7300 X 10 4, S 53 C was less than half that of bearing steel.
- 5000 X 10 4 or more is about twice the least S 53 C. It is desirable to have In this respect, the onset Akirarei A1 ⁇ A9 shows a 5000 X 10 4 or more either, especially A 5, A 8, A 9 was bearing steel equivalent life.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the actual measurement value and the prediction formula, and shows that both have a very good correlation. That is, depending on the amount of the alloying elements C, Si, and Mn. Can be predicted with high accuracy.
- C of the present invention Example A 1 ⁇ A 9, S i, not only the composition range of Mn, equation (2) the predicted value of L 10 which can be determined force colleagues if a certain configuration at 5000 X 10 4 or more If you can guarantee a long life I can say.
- steels (A1 to A13) having a lower limit value ⁇ 1 ⁇ of 6.2 MPa am or more in the stress intensity factor range for tensile fatigue crack growth were used.
- steel (B1 to B8) having AKth smaller than 6.2 MPa a Tm was used as a material.
- Comparative Example B1 is the conventional material S53C
- Comparative Example B8 is the bearing steel SUJ2.
- A1 to A9 have an AKth of 6.2MPam or more, and C, Si, and Mn in the formula (2). Is 5000 ⁇ 10 4 or more.
- a three-point bending test was performed to evaluate the lower limit value, Kth, of the stress intensity factor range for tensile fatigue crack propagation in the induction hardened part.
- the specimen was uniformly hardened to the inside to eliminate the effect of residual stress on fatigue crack growth. The test conditions are shown below.
- Figure 4 shows the test specimen shape (8 OmmX 2 OmmX 2 mm) and the test situation of applying a repeated load by three-point bending.
- One side of the specimen was slit with a wire cut, and a fatigue pre-crack was introduced at the tip.
- the nominal bending stress ⁇ when a load P is applied to the center of a test piece in a three-point bending arrangement with the distance S between fulcrums. Is expressed by equation (3).
- the crack length is a (m)
- the stress intensity factor ⁇ is ⁇ .
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between aZW and (a / W) determined by FEM (Finite Element Method).
- the lower limit value ⁇ of the stress intensity factor range the value of the most severely constrained plane strain state (I-type stress state) is represented by the symbol AK ⁇ th. That is, ⁇ represents the lower limit value of the stress intensity factor range of plane strain stress. That is, the lower limit AKth of the stress intensity factor range of the present invention is the lower limit of the stress intensity factor range in the plane strain stress state.
- the symbol indicating type I plane strain stress state
- the lower limit of the stress intensity factor range in the plane strain state may be described as ⁇ th, omitting the indication of type I.
- a load is applied to the above test piece by the following load method.
- Loading method Load control
- a crack fatigue test was performed using a ring specimen that had been induction hardened.
- the test pieces were induction hardened so that the hardened layer depth was about 2 mm.
- the test conditions are shown below. The number of tests was 4, and the average life was evaluated.
- Example 2 A rolling fatigue test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. That is, the rolling fatigue test was performed using the induction hardened cylindrical test piece. The test pieces were induction hardened so that the hardened layer depth was about 2 mm, and the rolling life L 10 (10% life) was evaluated using 15 test pieces.
- Example 2 This was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. In other words, rolling and sliding by two cylinder test The test was performed, and the test pieces were induction hardened so that the hardened layer depth was about 2 mm. The number of specimens was 2 and evaluated by the average life span.
- Table 4 shows the results of the fatigue crack growth test, crack fatigue test, rolling fatigue test, rolling slip fatigue test, and micro-lubrication rolling test.
- Figure 6 shows how to determine ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in a fatigue crack growth test.
- Figure 6 shows the crack growth rate d a / dN and stress intensity factor range ⁇ for Invention Example A1 and Comparative Example ⁇ 8 (SU J 2). The relationship is shown below.
- the lower limit A ⁇ h of the stress intensity factor range is the stress intensity factor at which the crack does not grow even when a load is applied. From the plot of FIG. 6, ⁇ K r th of Invention Example A1 is 6, 5 MP a ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ K r th of Comparative Example ⁇ 8 is 5. OMP am.
- Figure 7 shows. This is the relationship between the measured value and the predicted value, indicating that there is a very good correlation between them. That is, depending on the amount of the alloying elements C, Si, and Mn.
- the predicted value of L lfl obtained from Equation (2) is not less than 5000 ⁇ 10, as well as the numerical ranges of C, S i, and Mn in Examples A1 to A13 of the present invention. If the configuration is 4 or more, it can be said that long life can be guaranteed.
- AKth it is necessary for AKth to be 6.2MPa or more in order for medium-carbon steel-based materials to have excellent crack fatigue life, rolling life, rolling slip life, and micro lubrication life. Furthermore, by adjusting the amounts of C, Si, and Mn to secure the AKth, the reliability of other performances can be improved.
- the induction hardened rolling part of the present invention suppresses the generation and propagation of surface cracks in the induction hardened hardened part, which is the rolling part, under conditions where slippage or repeated tensile stress other than rolling is superimposed. It has excellent rolling life comparable to that of bearing steel. Therefore, in the power transmission component using the rolling component, both high strength and long life can be achieved.
- a steel material having the following alloy component range enables the ⁇ to be 6.2 MPa or more in the induction hardened portion, Long life can be ensured. That is, C: 0.5-0.
- the carbon content of 0.5 to 0.7 wt% ensures that a certain level of hardness can be assured by induction hardening, and coexists with a certain amount of Si and Mn to guarantee rolling life under large load conditions Because you can.
- the amount of carbon required for this is 0.5wt% or more.
- Si is an element that strengthens the steel base and increases the rolling life. For this reason, by containing 0.6 wt% or more, it has the effect of suppressing softening when exposed to high temperatures and delaying structural change and crack initiation due to repeated large loads. For this reason, the lower limit of Si is set to 0.6 wt%. In order to further improve the resistance to softness at high temperatures, it is desirable that the content be 7% by weight or more.
- the upper limit was set to 1.2 wt% .
- S U3 ⁇ 41.lwt% or less In order to further reduce surface decarburization, it is desirable that the content be 1. Owt% or less.
- Mn improves the hardenability of steel by containing 0.6 wt% or more, and also forms a solid solution in steel to strengthen the steel, and also increases the retained austenite, which is beneficial for rolling life. Furthermore, Mn is most effective in improving the lower limit value Km of the stress intensity factor range for tensile fatigue crack growth. For this reason, Mn contains 0.6 wt% or more. In order to further improve the rolling life by further increasing the retained austenite, it is desirable that Mn be contained in an amount of 0.7 wt% or more.
- Mn has the effect of strengthening the base as well as Si and also penetrating into the carbide to increase the hardness of the carbide. 1. Inclusion of 5wt / o or more increases the hardness of the material excessively and lowers workability and machinability. From these viewpoints, the upper limit of the Mn content is 1.5. / 0 . In order to reduce the degree of component segregation and reduce soaking costs, it is desirable that Mn be 1.25 wt ° / o or less. In addition, when the size of the lump at the time of manufacturing is large, the component segregation occurs more strongly.Mn is more preferably set to 1.Owt% or less in consideration of the case where the lump size is large. .
- scrap is the main raw material, so it is not included in the scrap.
- Impurities mixed into the steel For example, ⁇ 1: 0.3 wt ° / 0 or less, copper (Cu) is 0.3 wt% or less, and other impurities are contained in steel from scrap.
- Such impurities from steelmaking raw materials are treated as inevitable impurities. That is, even if such impurities are contained, they correspond to the rolling parts of the present invention.
- the rolling life is improved to the same level as that of bearing steel containing expensive alloy elements by adjusting the composition of the medium carbon steel in the steel material forming the rolling parts, and the surface crack generation characteristics are improved. can do.
- the rolling component of the present invention and the power transmission component using the same are used in a power transmission system in which repeated tensile stresses other than slip and rolling are superimposed in automobiles and the like pursuing energy saving and compactness. It is expected to be widely used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/515,314 US7237963B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-19 | Rolling part and power transmission part |
AU2003234829A AU2003234829A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-19 | Rolling part and power transmission part |
EP03728107A EP1507090A4 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-19 | ROLLING PART AND POWER TRANSMISSION PART |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002-149428 | 2002-05-23 | ||
JP2002149428A JP2003342686A (ja) | 2002-05-23 | 2002-05-23 | 転動部品および動力伝達部品 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003100277A1 true WO2003100277A1 (fr) | 2003-12-04 |
Family
ID=29561208
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/006237 WO2003100277A1 (fr) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-19 | Element de roulement et organe de transmission de puissance |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7237963B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1507090A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2003342686A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1656324A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003234829A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003100277A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7237963B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2007-07-03 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling part and power transmission part |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7238620B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-20 | 2023-03-14 | 日本精工株式会社 | 疲労進行度評価方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02153044A (ja) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-12 | Kubota Ltd | 亀裂発生抵抗の高い二相ステンレス鋼 |
DE19928775A1 (de) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-05 | Nsk Ltd | Induktionsgehärtete Wälzlagervorrichtung |
JP2002363700A (ja) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-12-18 | Ntn Corp | 転動部品および動力伝達部品 |
JP2003048404A (ja) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-02-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 鉄道車両用車輪およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003342686A (ja) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-03 | Ntn Corp | 転動部品および動力伝達部品 |
-
2002
- 2002-05-23 JP JP2002149428A patent/JP2003342686A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-05-19 CN CNA038116561A patent/CN1656324A/zh active Pending
- 2003-05-19 EP EP03728107A patent/EP1507090A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-19 AU AU2003234829A patent/AU2003234829A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-19 US US10/515,314 patent/US7237963B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-19 WO PCT/JP2003/006237 patent/WO2003100277A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02153044A (ja) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-12 | Kubota Ltd | 亀裂発生抵抗の高い二相ステンレス鋼 |
DE19928775A1 (de) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-05 | Nsk Ltd | Induktionsgehärtete Wälzlagervorrichtung |
JP2002363700A (ja) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-12-18 | Ntn Corp | 転動部品および動力伝達部品 |
JP2003048404A (ja) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-02-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 鉄道車両用車輪およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7237963B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2007-07-03 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling part and power transmission part |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003342686A (ja) | 2003-12-03 |
AU2003234829A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
EP1507090A4 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
EP1507090A8 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
EP1507090A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 |
CN1656324A (zh) | 2005-08-17 |
US7237963B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 |
US20060008193A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
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