CN102031460B - 蒸汽轮机转子及其合金 - Google Patents
蒸汽轮机转子及其合金 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102031460B CN102031460B CN201010298537.2A CN201010298537A CN102031460B CN 102031460 B CN102031460 B CN 102031460B CN 201010298537 A CN201010298537 A CN 201010298537A CN 102031460 B CN102031460 B CN 102031460B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- alloy
- forging
- steam turbine
- turibine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 reaching 0.010% Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010313 vacuum arc remelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0466—Nickel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/25—Manufacture essentially without removing material by forging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/131—Molybdenum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/132—Chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/133—Titanium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/16—Other metals not provided for in groups F05D2300/11 - F05D2300/15
- F05D2300/161—Manganese
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及蒸汽轮机转子及其合金,具体而言,一种适合在转子(10,20)、例如蒸汽轮机转子(10,20)的一个或多个区域(10,22,24)中使用的合金,以及使用该合金形成的锻造转子(10,20)。该合金以重量计包括:0.20%至0.30%的碳、0.80%至1.5%的铬、0.80%至1.5%的钼、0.50%至0.90%的钒、0.30%至0.80%的镍、0.05%至0.15%的钛、0.20%至1.0%的锰、以及0.005%至0.012%的硼、平衡铁、可选的低水平其它合金组分、以及附带夹杂物。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及涡轮转子,包括在蒸汽轮机中所使用的那些涡轮转子。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种适合在蒸汽轮机转子的高压级和中压级中使用且能够增加这种转子的高温特性的合金。
背景技术
蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机、燃气涡轮发动机和喷气发动机中使用的转子沿它们的轴向长度经受一定范围的操作条件。不同的操作条件使适当转子材料的选择和转子的制造复杂化,因为为了满足一种操作条件而优化的材料对于满足另一种操作条件而言可能不是最佳的。例如,蒸汽轮机转子的进口和出口区域具有不同的材料特性要求。在蒸汽轮机的进口处的高压(HP)级内的高温和高压条件通常要求带有高蠕变断裂强度、然而仅相对适度的韧性(toughness)的材料。另一方面,在蒸汽轮机的出口处的低压(LP)级不要求相同水平的高温蠕变强度,但适当的材料由于出口区域中使用的长涡轮叶片所施加的高负荷而通常必须呈现很高的韧性。
由于化学性质单一的单块(整体)转子(即,不是组件的转子)由于上述原因不能满足LP、IP和HP级的各个的特性要求,所以普遍使用通过组装化学性质不同的部段而构成的转子。例如,大型蒸汽轮机通常具有由用于涡轮的不同区段的容纳在单独的壳体或罩壳中的单独的转子部段组成的栓接结构。蒸汽轮机行业目前倾向于在HP级中使用CrMoV低合金钢(通常,以重量计,约1%的铬、1%的钼、0.25%的钒、达0.3%的碳、平衡铁(balanceiron)以及可能较少的硅、锰等的添加),而在LP级中使用NiCrMoV低合金钢。NiMoV低合金钢也已被普遍用作用于各级的材料。CrMoV合金的一个特定实例以重量计含有1.0%至1.5%的铬、1.0%至1.5%的钼、0.2%至0.3%的钒、0.25%至0.35%的碳、0.25%至1.00%的锰、0.2%至0.75%的镍、达0.30%的硅、平衡铁及附带的夹杂物(例如达0.010%的磷、达0.010%的硫、达0.010%的锡、达0.020%的砷以及达0.015%的铝)。
虽然由CrMoV低合金钢成分制成的转子被普遍使用,但目前用于CrMoV钢的最大设计温度为约1050°F(约565℃)。当为了增加蒸汽轮机效率而追求更高的进口温度(例如达到约1065°F(约575℃))时,通常必须使用带有不同水平的Mo、V、W、Nb、B的铬钢合金(通常约9到14重量百分比的铬)来满足蒸汽轮机的HP级中更高的温度条件。虽然能够在蒸汽轮机的HP级内在超过565℃的温度下操作,但从这些合金制成的转子锻件导致更高的成本并且经常需要另外的措施来克服与转子的较冷级中使用的合金的热膨胀不匹配。
已对CrMoV低合金钢进行修改以实现用于各种其它应用的期望特性。例如,蒸汽轮机应用中使用的CrMoV栓接钢(boltingsteel)可包括添加铝、硼和/或钛以提高高温强度和延展性。实例包括称为7CrMoVTiB10-10和20CrMoVTiB4-10的合金。已公布这样一种螺栓合金成分,其以重量计含有0.9%至1.2%的铬、0.9%至1.1%的钼、0.6%至0.8%的钒、0.35%至0.75的锰、0.17%至0.23%的碳、0.07%至0.15%的钛、0.015%至0.080%的铝、0.001%至0.010%的硼、达0.20%的镍、达0.40%的硅、达0.020%的磷、达0.020%的硫、达0.020%的锡、达0.020的砷、平衡铁。一个特定的商业实例可从CorusEngineeringSteels获得,名称为Durehete1055,并且已公布其以重量计含有1%的铬、1%的钼、0.7%的钒、0.5%的锰、0.25的硅、0.2%的碳、0.1%的钛、0.04%的铝、0.003%的硼、平衡铁。已公布硼使在由CrMoV合金形成的螺栓中用作加强相的碳化物V4C3稳定,并且已公布钛从溶液除去氮以防止形成氮化硼沉淀物。但是,相信已发现硼的用途有限并且尚未使用钛作为对转子由其锻造而成的CrMoV合金的添加物。此外,锻造的蒸汽轮机转子相对于蒸汽轮机应用中使用的螺栓(其例如将两个转子区段保持在一起或将两个壳体半部保持在一起以便容纳蒸汽)具有极大不同的特性要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种适合在转子(例如蒸汽轮机转子的一个或多个区域)中使用的合金,以及使用该合金形成的锻造转子。特别地,本发明包括对CrMoV低合金钢进行修改以促进高温特性,这种高温特性能使由其形成的转子表现出改进的特性,例如蠕变阻力,以便在蒸汽轮机的高压级中使用。
根据本发明的一方面,该合金包括(以重量计)0.20%至0.30%的碳、0.80%至1.5%的铬、0.80%至1.5%的钼、0.50%至0.90%的钒、0.30%至0.80%的镍、0.05%至0.15%的钛、0.20%至1.0%的锰以及0.005%至0.012%的硼、平衡铁、可选的低水平其它合金组分、以及附带夹杂物。该合金可应用于蒸汽轮机应用,例如要求整体锻造的高压(HP)转子、要求整体锻造的中压(IP)转子、以及要求整体锻造的组合HP-IP转子。该合金也适合用作附接(例如,栓接或焊接)在由不同合金成分形成的低压(LP)转子区段上的HP或IP转子区段。
本发明的另一方面是具有由如上所述的合金锻造而成的至少一部分的涡轮转子。尽管该合金的化学性质与含有钛和硼的CrMoV栓接合金相似,但后者是为栓接应用(在其中,对于栓接合金要求直径较小的棒材(barstock))而开发的,而本发明的合金的化学性质和热处理被修改以便制造能够满足HP和IP转子应用要求的大直径锻件。
本发明的显著优点在于该合金与常规CrMoV合金相比能够在1050°F(约565℃)以上的温度(例如达1065°F(约575℃))下,呈现增加的蠕变强度和改进的微观结构稳定性。结果,更高的HP进口温度是可能的,其能够实现增强的蒸汽轮机性能和效率而不必诉诸于与诸如9-12%铬耐热合金相关的显著更高的成本。此外,通过避免使用9-12%铬合金和具有不同于常规CrMoV合金钢的热膨胀系数的其它合金,由本发明的合金制成的锻件能够在服务市场(servicemarket)中用作用于对现有的蒸汽轮机单元进行性能增强的改型包(retrofitpachage),以及用于新蒸汽轮机设计。
从以下详细描述中将更好理解本发明的其它方面和优点。
附图说明
图1示意性地表示可使用本发明的合金制造的整体蒸汽轮机转子锻件。
图2示意性地表示包括附接(例如,栓接或焊接)在由不同材料形成的LP转子锻件上的HP转子锻件的蒸汽轮机转子。
部件清单:
10锻件
20组件
22区段
24区段
26区段
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种适合在蒸汽轮机应用(如图1中所示类型的整体(单件)转子锻件10)中使用的合金。图1中所示类型的蒸汽轮机整体锻件可使用标准锭熔炼/铸造技术(例如,碱性电(basicelectric)、电弧、钢包精炼(ladlerefining)、真空钢流脱气(vacuumstreamdegassing)、真空碳脱氧(VCD)、真空硅脱氧(VSD))或自耗电极熔化技术(consumableelectrodemeltingtechnique)(如电渣重熔(ESR)或真空电弧重熔(VAR))制造而成。另外,该合金可用于制造多个合金整体(单件)转子锻件,例如,按照授予Schwant等人的美国专利No.6,962,483、授予Ganesh等人的美国专利No.6,971,850以及授予Ganesh等人的美国专利No.7,065,872的教导,通过引用将这些专利中与多个合金整体转子的铸造和锻造相关的内容结合于本文中。
备选地,可设想该合金可用来制造HP或IP转子锻件区段,该区段被栓接或焊接在LP转子锻件区段或其它材料的其它HP转子锻件区段上以制造图2中所示类型的组合式蒸汽轮机转子组件20。为了实现适合蒸汽轮机(例如,先进的功率发生蒸汽轮机)的不同级的特性,优选使用不同的合金化学性质来形成图2中的转子组件的不同部分。例如,可在高压(HP)区段22、中压(IP)区段24及低压(LP)区段26中使用不同合金。用于图2的转子组件20的合金优选被选择成具有为它们在蒸汽轮机内的相应部位优化的机械和物理特性。由此,用于HP、IP和LP合金的成分通常将是不同的(尽管在它们相应的区域内基本均匀)以获得转子组件20的不同区段22、24和26所要求的不同特性,例如抗拉强度、断裂韧性、断裂强度、蠕变强度和热稳定性以及成本目标。适合在转子组件20的LP区段26中使用的著名的的商用合金包括常规的NiCrMoV型低合金钢,并且用于达1050°F的应用的转子组件20的HP区段22和IP区段24的著名的商业合金包括常规的CrMoV合金钢。
为了实现图1的整体转子锻件10和图2的HP转子区段22和/或IP转子区段24能够在高于1050°F(约565℃)的进口温度(例如约1065°F(约575℃))下操作所需的机械特性,该合金的化学性质基于CrMoV低合金钢,其成分被调整(tailor)以改进在这些更高温度下的特性。特别地,该钢合金以重量计的成分为:0.20%至0.30%的碳、0.80%至1.5%的铬、0.8%至1.5%的钼、0.50%至0.90%的钒、0.30%至0.80%的镍、0.05%至0.15%的钛、0.20%至1.0%的锰、以及0.005%至0.012%的硼、平衡铁、可选的低水平的其它合金组分、以及附带夹杂物(例如,达0.008%的磷、达0.010%的硫、达0.008%的锡、达0.015%的砷以及达0.015%的铝)。用于该合金的更特别的成分以重量计为:0.20%至0.25%的碳、0.90%至1.3%的铬、1.0%至1.5%的钼、0.60%至0.80%的钒、0.30%至0.60%的镍、0.07%至0.12%的钛、0.65%至0.85%的锰、0.005%至0.010%的硼、平衡铁以及附带夹杂物。用于该合金的合适的目标成分认为以重量计为:约1.1%的铬、1.25%的钼、0.7%的钒、0.25%的碳、0.11%的钛、0.009%的硼、0.75%的锰、0.50%的镍、平衡铁以及附带夹杂物。
该合金认为在用于锻造的转子并且特别是蒸汽轮机转子的HP区域以及可选IP区域中时提供了优点。例如,包含硼和钛两者认为促进了在约1050°F(约565℃)以上的温度(例如达约1065°F(约575℃)并且可能更高)下的微观结构稳定性,从而与常规的CrMoV合金相比提供了蠕变强度的增加。尽管看起来仅增加相当小的约15°F(约10℃),但这种HP进口设计温度的增加将能够实现增强的蒸汽轮机性能和效率,而不必诉诸于与诸如9-12%的铬耐热合金的其它合金相关的显著更高的成本。此外,通过避免使用9-12%铬合金和热膨胀系数不同于常规CrMoV合金钢的其它合金,由本发明的合金制成的锻件可在服务市场中用作用于对现有的蒸汽轮机单元进行性能增强的改型包,以及用于新蒸汽轮机设计。
上述合金基于以前仅应用于蒸汽栓接应用(steamboltingapplication)的名义1%CrMoVTiB合金。相对于蒸汽栓接应用,转子锻件应用要求制造带有显著更大的直径的锻件。例如,HP和IP转子锻件通常以最大直径制造以便最终锻件处于约二十至约四十八英寸(约50至约120cm)的范围内。从而,用于栓接应用的名义1%CrMoVTiB的化学性质必须进行调整以便制造直径更大的转子锻件。例如,增加目标锰水平以提高合金的硬化程度,增加目标镍水平以提高合金的硬化程度和断裂韧性,并且降低目标铝水平以避免将保留在最终产品中的成型氧化物。
如前文所述,本发明的合金适合铸造和锻造以形成图1中所示类型的整体(单件)HP或IP转子锻件10,并且可设想形成图2的多个合金转子组件20的HP区段22和IP区段24中的一个或两个。在锻造后,图1的整体锻件10或图2的锻件区段22和24可经受一次或多次热处理。例如,锻件可经历两个热处理步骤:初步热处理步骤和最终热处理步骤。初步热处理设计成精炼微观结构并且必须进行在约1700°F至约1900°F(约930℃至约1040℃)的温度范围内的正火处理(normalizingtreatment),接着进行空气冷却。最终热处理步骤设计成产生最终材料特性,并且必须进行奥氏体化步骤,在该奥氏体化步骤期间将锻件加热至在约1650°F至约1850°F(约900℃至约1010℃)的范围内的温度,保持足够的时间以确保全部厚度完全转变为奥氏体,然后以充分的速度淬火到充分的温度以确保微观结构从奥氏体相完全转变为贝氏体相。在热处理之后,转子锻件优选具有约ASTM3或更细的最大晶粒大小并且可被加工以产生转子所需的形状和尺寸。
如果本发明的合金用来形成转子锻件10的多个区域,例如,按照前述授予Schwant等人和Ganesh等人的美国专利,则在认为符合要求或需要的情况下,可使用不同的热处理温度和持续时间。例如,可使用带有多个温度区的熔炉来提供对应于转子锻件10的不同区域的转子锻件的区域的适当的热处理温度。如本领域中可理解的那样,这种差别热处理可包括用于可在转子锻件上执行的溶解、奥氏体化、时效和/或回火处理的不同温度。例如,如果对于HP区域希望更高的蠕变断裂强度则可使用更高温度的奥氏体化处理,而如果对于IP或LP区域需要更高的韧性则可使用较低的温度。也可使用奥氏体化之后的差别冷却。例如,可使用较慢的冷却来实现有益的沉淀反应,减小热应力,和/或提高HP区域中的蠕变断裂强度,而可使用更快的冷却来实现全区段硬化,避免有害的沉淀反应,和/或提高IP或LP区域的韧性。最佳温度、持续时间以及加热和冷却速度一般在本领域的技术人员的能力之内。
虽然已就特定实施例描述本发明,但显而易见的是,本领域技术人员能够采用其它形式。因此,本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种适于形成锻造的涡轮转子的至少一部分的合金,所述合金以重量计含有:0.20%至0.30%的碳、0.90%至1.3%的铬、0.80%至1.5%的钼、0.50%至0.90%的钒、0.30%至0.80%的镍、0.05%至0.15%的钛、0.20%至1.0%的锰、以及0.005%至0.012%的硼、达0.015重量百分比的铝、平衡铁、以及附带夹杂物。
2.一种具有从根据权利要求1所述的合金锻造而成的至少一部分的涡轮转子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮转子,其特征在于,所述转子由完全由所述合金形成的整体转子锻件形成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮转子,其特征在于,所述一部分包括所述转子的高压区域。
5.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮转子,其特征在于,所述一部分包括所述转子的中压区域。
6.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮转子,其特征在于,所述一部分包括所述转子的高压和中压区域。
7.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮转子,其特征在于,所述涡轮转子为蒸汽轮机转子。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/565813 | 2009-09-24 | ||
US12/565,813 US8523519B2 (en) | 2009-09-24 | 2009-09-24 | Steam turbine rotor and alloy therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102031460A CN102031460A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
CN102031460B true CN102031460B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
Family
ID=43301936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201010298537.2A Active CN102031460B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-21 | 蒸汽轮机转子及其合金 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8523519B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2302089B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5709445B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102031460B (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2302089T3 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012207594A (ja) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 回転機械のロータ及び回転機械 |
US20130101431A1 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | General Electric Company | Rotor, a steam turbine and a method for producing a rotor |
US20130133791A1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-30 | General Electric Company | Method for decarburization of rotor forging |
US9039365B2 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2015-05-26 | General Electric Company | Rotor, a steam turbine and a method for producing a rotor |
US20130323075A1 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-05 | General Electric Company | Nickel-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy and turbine component |
US9206704B2 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-12-08 | General Electric Company | Cast CrMoV steel alloys and the method of formation and use in turbines thereof |
JP5869739B1 (ja) * | 2014-04-23 | 2016-02-24 | 日本鋳鍛鋼株式会社 | 地熱発電用タービンロータ材及びその製造方法 |
CN104653457B (zh) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-05-24 | 宁波市鸿博机械制造有限公司 | 汽车转向泵转子 |
CN105526190B (zh) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-09-28 | 盐城海纳汽车零部件有限公司 | 一种汽车发动机冷却水泵合金结构钢模锻轮毂 |
EP3269924A1 (de) | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Läuferwelle und verfahren zum herstellen einer läuferwelle |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1209186A (zh) * | 1996-02-16 | 1999-02-24 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 蒸汽涡轮机发电设备及蒸汽涡轮机 |
CN101191423A (zh) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-06-04 | 通用电气公司 | 旋转组装部件及制造这种部件的方法 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB771446A (en) * | 1954-02-08 | 1957-04-03 | United Steel Companies Ltd | Improvements in alloy steels |
US3264145A (en) * | 1963-09-03 | 1966-08-02 | United States Steel Corp | Method of heat treating heavy alloy steel forgings |
US3291655A (en) * | 1964-06-17 | 1966-12-13 | Gen Electric | Alloys |
GB1161844A (en) | 1967-06-29 | 1969-08-20 | English Steel Corp Ltd | Improved Heat-Resistant Alloy Steel for Large Forgings. |
GB1218927A (en) * | 1967-06-29 | 1971-01-13 | English Steel Corp Ltd | Improvements in heat-resisting alloy steels |
JPS59107063A (ja) | 1982-12-10 | 1984-06-21 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | ボルト用線材の製造方法 |
JPS59226152A (ja) | 1983-06-06 | 1984-12-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Cr−Mo−V耐熱鋼 |
JPS60184665A (ja) * | 1984-02-29 | 1985-09-20 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 圧力容器用低合金鋼 |
JPS62192536A (ja) | 1986-02-18 | 1987-08-24 | Nippon Chiyuutankou Kk | タ−ビンロ−タの製造法 |
JPS63145750A (ja) | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-17 | Toshiba Corp | タ−ビンロ−タ用低合金鋼 |
JPH05230599A (ja) | 1992-02-25 | 1993-09-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 蒸気タービンロータ材 |
DE60016286T2 (de) | 1999-10-04 | 2005-12-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Niedrig legierter und hitzebeständiger Stahl, Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung und Turbinenrotor |
JP4031603B2 (ja) | 2000-02-08 | 2008-01-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高低圧一体型タービンロータ及びその製造方法 |
JP3492969B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-07 | 2004-02-03 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 蒸気タービン用ロータシャフト |
JP3439197B2 (ja) | 2001-03-06 | 2003-08-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 低合金耐熱鋼及びその熱処理方法並びにタービンロータ |
US6962483B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-11-08 | General Electric Company | Multiple alloy rotor |
US7065872B2 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2006-06-27 | General Electric Company | Method of processing a multiple alloy rotor |
US6971850B2 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2005-12-06 | General Electric Company | Multiple alloy rotor and method therefor |
JP4256311B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-06 | 2009-04-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 蒸気タービン用ロータシャフト及び蒸気タービン並びに蒸気タービン発電プラント |
JP4266194B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-16 | 2009-05-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 耐熱鋼、耐熱鋼の熱処理方法および高温用蒸気タービンロータ |
JP4844188B2 (ja) | 2006-03-23 | 2011-12-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ケーシング |
US8430075B2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2013-04-30 | L.E. Jones Company | Superaustenitic stainless steel and method of making and use thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-09-24 US US12/565,813 patent/US8523519B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-09-03 PL PL10175170T patent/PL2302089T3/pl unknown
- 2010-09-03 EP EP10175170.9A patent/EP2302089B1/en active Active
- 2010-09-21 CN CN201010298537.2A patent/CN102031460B/zh active Active
- 2010-09-21 JP JP2010210331A patent/JP5709445B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1209186A (zh) * | 1996-02-16 | 1999-02-24 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 蒸汽涡轮机发电设备及蒸汽涡轮机 |
CN101191423A (zh) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-06-04 | 通用电气公司 | 旋转组装部件及制造这种部件的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2302089T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
US20110070088A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
EP2302089B1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
CN102031460A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
JP5709445B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
JP2011068989A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
EP2302089A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
US8523519B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102031460B (zh) | 蒸汽轮机转子及其合金 | |
CN103215521B (zh) | 析出硬化型马氏体不锈钢、使用其的蒸汽轮机长叶片、蒸汽轮机、发电设备 | |
US5961284A (en) | High strength heat resisting cast steel, steam turbine casing, steam turbine power plant and steam turbine | |
CA2203299C (en) | Heat resisting steel and steam turbine rotor shaft | |
JPH07233704A (ja) | 蒸気タービン発電プラント及び蒸気タービン | |
CN103774048A (zh) | 沉淀硬化型马氏体不锈钢和使用其的汽轮机长叶片 | |
US8747733B2 (en) | Precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel and steam turbine blade using the same | |
JP5362764B2 (ja) | 地熱発電タービンロータ用低合金金材 | |
CN103173658A (zh) | Ni基锻造合金和使用其的燃气轮机 | |
JP3354832B2 (ja) | 高靭性フェライト系耐熱鋼 | |
JP2014012863A (ja) | 析出硬化型マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼、蒸気タービンの動翼および蒸気タービン | |
KR19990087394A (ko) | 2개의 합금으로 이루어진 터빈 샤프트 | |
US20100158681A1 (en) | Ni-based alloy for a forged part of a steam turbine with excellent high temperature strength, forgeability and weldability, rotor blade of a steam turbine, stator blade of a steam turbine, screw member for a steam turbine, and pipe for a steam turbine | |
CN101270454A (zh) | 涡轮机壳体 | |
JPS6054385B2 (ja) | 耐熱鋼 | |
JP2006022343A (ja) | 耐熱鋼とそれを用いた蒸気タービン用ロータシャフト及び蒸気タービン並びに蒸気タービン発電プラント | |
JP6317566B2 (ja) | 析出硬化型マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼、該ステンレス鋼を用いたタービン部材、および該タービン部材を用いたタービン | |
JPH11209851A (ja) | ガスタービンディスク材 | |
JP4177136B2 (ja) | 含B高Cr耐熱鋼の製造方法 | |
JP5981357B2 (ja) | 耐熱鋼および蒸気タービン構成部品 | |
JPH0941076A (ja) | 高強度・高靱性低合金鋼 | |
CN107208210A (zh) | 奥氏体系耐热钢及涡轮机部件 | |
JP3504835B2 (ja) | 低合金耐熱鋳鋼及び蒸気タービン用鋳鋼部品 | |
JPH1036944A (ja) | マルテンサイト系耐熱鋼 | |
JP5996403B2 (ja) | 耐熱鋼およびその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20240110 Address after: Swiss Baden Patentee after: GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. LTD. Address before: New York, United States Patentee before: General Electric Co. |