WO2003054133A1 - Composes de silicate de soude en tant que materiaux enveloppants - Google Patents

Composes de silicate de soude en tant que materiaux enveloppants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003054133A1
WO2003054133A1 PCT/EP2002/014056 EP0214056W WO03054133A1 WO 2003054133 A1 WO2003054133 A1 WO 2003054133A1 EP 0214056 W EP0214056 W EP 0214056W WO 03054133 A1 WO03054133 A1 WO 03054133A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hollow body
active
cleaning
washing
detergent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/014056
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Dolhaine
Original Assignee
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien filed Critical Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority to AU2002352239A priority Critical patent/AU2002352239A1/en
Publication of WO2003054133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003054133A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dimensionally stable hollow body with at least one compartment for holding a detergent, cleaning or rinsing agent portion, the hollow body comprising at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation, and optionally one or more devices for compartmenting.
  • the material of the dimensionally stable hollow body comprises a mixture of at least one silicate material and at least one alkali carbonate, bicarbonate and / or percarbonate.
  • the invention also relates to methods for producing such hollow compartments.
  • the invention further relates to washing, cleaning and rinsing processes in which the detergent, cleaning agent and rinsing agent preparations are metered into dimensionally stable hollow bodies with one or more separate compartments, and the use of dimensionally stable hollow bodies for formulating a washing agent. , Detergent or detergent.
  • patent application DE 198 31 703 discloses a portioned washing or cleaning agent preparation in a bag made of water-soluble film, in particular in a bag made of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), in which at least 70% by weight of the particles of the washing or cleaning agent preparation Have particle sizes> 800 ⁇ m.
  • PVAL polyvinyl alcohol
  • Such bags or “pouches" are very user-friendly and facilitate dosing, but are not in all cases the suitable form for dosing detergent, detergent and dishwashing preparations, especially when solid and liquid detergent, cleaning or rinsing active preparations
  • bags of this type do not allow the incorporation of detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent preparations present in unstable or volatile phases into the detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portion.
  • the publication DE-A 20 07 413 describes detergent molded articles made from a core made of one or more detergent components and a shell made from press-formed casing material, which consists predominantly of sodium metasilicate.
  • the pressing of the wrapping material into half-shells and the filling and welding of the half-shells into the finished molding require complex technology, and many of the moldings break before they get into the washing process.
  • the documents DE-A 198 34 181, DE-A 198 34 180 and DE-A 198 34 172 describe detergent, dishwashing detergent or cleaning / decalcifying agent preparations from a tablet produced by compression molding and consisting of two equal halves one or more detergents, detergents or Detergent components and a core made of another detergent, Detergent or cleaning agent component.
  • a solid core can be incorporated into the tablet casing, unless premature dissolution of the tablet is to be initiated from the inside.
  • the invention had for its object to provide a possibility which allows a washing, rinsing or cleaning formulation to be enclosed in a mechanically stable casing in such a way that individual components which are unstable in a mixture can be spatially separated from one another and reach the outside individual components or the washing, rinsing or cleaning recipe prevented and at the same time the amount not effective ie not washing, cleaning or rinsing active substances, is kept as low as possible.
  • the invention relates to a dimensionally stable hollow body with at least one compartment consisting of a hollow body material which comprises 10-90% by weight of a silicate material and 10-90% by weight of an alkali carbonate, hydrogen carbonate and / or alkali percarbonate, , Cleaning or rinsing conditions can be disintegrated, the hollow body material being a non-pressed material.
  • Another object of the invention is a washing, cleaning or rinsing agent which is characterized in that the agent comprises one or more hollow bodies.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for producing a filled hollow body with at least one compartment, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: First, a non-pressed hollow body is produced, this hollow body is divided into compartments by one or more devices if necessary, then at least one compartment is filled with a washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation and finally with the formation of a partial or complete enclosure around the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active Preparations may be closed.
  • Another object of the invention is a washing process, in particular a machine washing process, which is characterized in that the process comprises the following steps: one or more hollow bodies are introduced into the washing machine, in particular into the dispenser or washing drum, and the desired washing conditions are set and after the occurrence of these conditions, the hollow body (s) are placed in the washing liquor and brought into contact with the goods to be washed.
  • This washing process is carried out, for example, in a commercially available washing machine.
  • Another object of the invention is a cleaning method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps, that one or more hollow bodies are introduced into the cleaning liquor, the desired cleaning conditions are set and, after these conditions have occurred, the cleaning liquor with the material to be cleaned in Brings contact.
  • Another object of the invention is a rinsing process, in particular a machine rinsing process, characterized in that the process comprises the following steps: one or more hollow bodies are placed in the dishwasher, in particular in its washing-up chamber or in its rinsing chamber, the desired washing conditions are set and after the occurrence of these conditions, place the hollow body (s) in the washing liquor and bring them into contact with the items to be washed.
  • This rinsing process is carried out, for example, in a commercially available dishwasher.
  • the term “dimensionally stable hollow body” is understood to mean the portions of detergent, cleaning agent or detergent or Shaped bodies containing the preparation have an inherent dimensional stability which enables them to have a structure which is stable against breakage and / or pressure and does not collapse under the usual conditions of manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer, and which can also be found under the conditions mentioned have not changed over a long period of time.
  • the molded body does not have to be brittle, but can also achieve these requirements while maintaining a certain elasticity.
  • the pressure resistance of the dimensionally stable hollow bodies according to the invention is measured in the (per se usual) manner in such a way that empty hollow bodies which are optionally provided with compartmentalization devices are closed and an internally applied, constantly increasing vacuum is applied to these hollow bodies at room temperature until the The hollow body begins to collapse.
  • the inherent dimensional stability of the hollow bodies should particularly preferably be such that, in the case of such vacuum collapse tests of hollow bodies which are not filled and optionally provided with compartmentalization devices, collapse does not begin before a vacuum of 800 mbar, preferably 500 mbar and in particular 200 mbar is reached ,
  • the hollow bodies used according to the invention differ fundamentally from foils or so-called “pouches”, as are also used for the provision of detergents, cleaning agents or dishwashing detergents.
  • the hollow bodies according to the invention represent an independent, self-supporting covering which, as a rule, already exists before filling with one or more washing-active, rinsing-active or cleaning-active component (s) and subsequently fills
  • coatings are applied to existing moldings (for example compacts, granules, extrudates, etc.) and then dried or cured, and only then form an envelope surrounding the mold ,
  • Compartmentation - form a good diffusion barrier, especially for substances that have a negative influence on the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations, in particular gaseous substances and very particularly water vapor.
  • Diffusion of water vapor should preferably be possible in a maximum amount of 350 g / (m 2 * 24 h), more preferably only in an amount in the range of maximum 100 g / (m 2 * 24 h), even more preferably in one Quantity of maximum 50 g / (m 2 * 24 h).
  • a further advantage of the hollow body according to the invention is that the hollow body material according to the invention comprises silicate constituents and an alkali carbonate, bicarbonate and / or percarbonate and thus contains components of a detergent, dishwashing detergent or cleaning agent which advantageously releases first during a washing process should be, because these components have a water softening or corrosion inhibiting effect.
  • the hollow body material is designed in such a way that the possibility of taking up liquid or pasty components of a detergent formulation is made possible without these, for example, being released to the outside through pores in the casing before use. This tightness of the hollow body material is achieved in that the material is not obtained by pressing the individual components.
  • the detergent, detergent or detergent portion is contained in a dimensionally stable hollow body with at least one compartment.
  • the exact shape of the hollow body is no more critical than its size; the only requirement in this regard is that the shape and size correspond to the later use, that is to say use in a washing, cleaning or rinsing process, in particular in conventional washing machines or dishwashers.
  • Hollow bodies in the shape of spheres, ellipsoids, cubes, cuboids, trapezoids, cones or pyramids or trochoids are conceivable; cuboid or trochoidal hollow bodies have proven themselves according to the invention and can therefore be used with advantage.
  • the size of the hollow body is such that the hollow body can be inserted into the washing-in chamber of a commercially available washing machine or dishwasher, in which nets or sacks or the like that move with the laundry.
  • the length (longest axis) does not exceed 10 cm, while the sizes of the width and height are significantly lower, for example 1 to 5 cm.
  • hollow bodies with a maximum length of less than 1 cm, preferably less than 0.5 cm.
  • These hollow bodies are particularly well suited for holding individual components of a detergent, cleaning or rinsing agent composition or a detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portion portion, such as, for example, perfume oil, or enzymes.
  • detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portion is understood to mean a sufficient amount of a detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent for a washing, cleaning or rinsing process taking place in an aqueous phase.
  • This can be, for example, a machine Washing, cleaning or rinsing process, as it is carried out with commercially available washing machines or dishwashers.
  • this term also includes a handwashing cycle (for example carried out in a hand wash basin or in a bowl) or a handwashing dishwasher cycle or another process of the
  • the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions are preferably used in machine washing, cleaning or rinsing processes.
  • detergent or cleaning agent or dishwashing detergent portion is understood to mean a portion of a detergent or cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portion which is in a phase separate from other detergent or cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portions in spatial connection with others Detergent or detergent or dishwashing detergent portions of the same detergent or detergent or dishwashing detergent portion are present, for example in a separate compartment in a dimensionally stable hollow body according to the invention, and which is prepared by suitable measures so that it is separated from other detergent or detergent or detergent portions of the same detergent or detergent or detergent portion can be added to the liquor and optionally dissolved or suspended in it.
  • a detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion can contain the same ingredients as another detergent or cleaning agent or dish detergent portion of the same detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion; However, two portions of detergent or cleaning agent or dishwashing detergent preferably contain the same portion of detergent or cleaning agent or dishwashing detergent and contain different ingredients, in particular different detergent-active, detergent-active or dishwashing preparations.
  • the detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portions contain measured amounts of at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation, usually measured amounts of several washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations. It is possible that the portions contain only wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations of a certain composition. According to the invention, however, it is preferred that several, usually at least two, detergent-active, detergent-active or detergent-active preparations of different compositions are contained in the detergent or detergent or detergent portions.
  • the composition can differ with regard to the concentration of the individual components of the wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation (quantitative) and / or with regard to the type of the individual components of the wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation (qualitative). It is particularly preferred that the components are adapted in terms of type and concentration to the tasks which the detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portions have to perform in the washing, cleaning or rinsing process.
  • the term “wash-active or cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation” is understood to mean preparations which are all relevant in connection with a washing or cleaning or rinsing process.
  • active substances such as surfactants (anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants), builder substances (inorganic and organic builder substances), bleaching agents (such as, for example, peroxo bleaching agent and chlorine bleaching agent), bleach activators , Bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, special polymers (for example those with cobuilder properties), graying inhibitors, dyes and fragrances (perfumes), without the term being restricted to these substance groups.
  • active substances such as surfactants (anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants), builder substances (inorganic and organic builder substances), bleaching agents (such as, for example, peroxo bleaching agent and chlorine bleaching agent), bleach activators , Bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, special polymers (for example those with cobuilder properties), graying inhibitors, dyes and fragrances (perfumes), without the term being restricted to these substance groups.
  • active substances such as surfactants (anionic
  • washing-active or cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations is also understood to mean washing aids and cleaning aids or rinsing aids.
  • these are optical brighteners, UV protection substances, so-called soil repellents, that is to say polymers which re-contaminate fibers or hard Counteract surfaces (including crockery), as well as silver protection agents, colorants and decolorizing agents.
  • laundry treatment agents such as fabric softener or dishwashing detergent additives such as rinse aid are also considered as wash-active or as cleaning-active or as rinse-active preparations.
  • the hollow body surrounding the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion (s) comprises at least one silicate material in a proportion of 10-90% by weight, based on the mass of the hollow body.
  • Suitable silicate materials for this purpose are, for example, sodium and / or potassium water glasses with a module (Na, K) 2 O: SiO 2 of 1: 1 to 1: 4.5, preferably of 1: 2 to 1: 3.5 and especially from 1: 2 to 1: 2.65.
  • These can be of natural origin or have been produced synthetically.
  • the latter can be used in the form of spray-dried, powdered water glasses be in the form of liquid water glasses.
  • Additional water can also be added to the water glass in order to improve the processability after mixing with the alkali carbonate, alkali bicarbonate or alkali percarbonate component.
  • water additions of 5 to 25%, particularly preferably 10 to 15%, based on the total amount of the mixture, can be advantageous for this.
  • the mixture of the silicate component with the alkali carbonate, bicarbonate and / or percarbonate and possibly. Water can also be carried out under increased pressure and / or temperature. This is particularly advantageous.
  • the proportion of silicate material in the hollow body material is of particular advantage, since when the hollow body material is usually the first to dissolve or dissolve, these constituents pass into the wash liquor and can therefore already have their effect.
  • the corrosion-inhibiting and water-softening effects of the silicate components should be mentioned here.
  • the water in the wash liquor can be (partially) softened before, for example, tensides enter the wash liquor, which would be noticed in non-softened water and would therefore be unusable.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body consists of a non-pressed material which can be disintegrated under washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions and has at least one compartment.
  • “non-pressed” material is understood to mean a material which, as in the prior art, is not produced by pressing (for example) washing, rinsing or cleaning-active (in particular largely solid) components or preparations to obtain a compact, in other washing-active, rinsing-active or cleaning-active components or preparations are then embedded, but by any other molding techniques, for example casting, injection molding, injection molding, sintering, etc.
  • the particular advantage of hollow bodies which are produced in this way is the fact that the hollow body has a higher tightness for gases and liquids than Hollow bodies that are made of pressed material and are therefore always more or less porous.
  • the hollow body material comprises at least one alkali carbonate, alkali hydrogen carbonate or alkali percarbonate in a proportion of 10-90% by weight, based on the mass of the hollow body.
  • Suitable alkali metals for these compounds are sodium and / or potassium, with the anhydrous or low-water compounds being preferred.
  • the proportion of alkali carbonate, alkali hydrogen carbonate or alkali percarbonate is of particular advantage, since in the case of an as the first process of dissolving or dissolving the hollow body material, these constituents pass into the wash liquor and can therefore already have their effect.
  • the alkaline and water-softening effects of these carbonate components should be mentioned here.
  • the water in the wash liquor can be (partially) softened before, for example, tensides enter the wash liquor, which would be noticed in non-softened water and would therefore be unusable.
  • Particularly preferred embodiments of the dimensionally stable hollow body also take into account that the portions contained in the hollow bodies by a - preferably controllable - water solubility of the hollow body material at a certain point in time of the washing, cleaning or rinsing process or when a certain pH value or a certain ionic strength is reached Wash liquor or can be fed into the aqueous liquor due to other controllable events or conditions.
  • the quality of the material as well as its quantity / strength have a direct influence on these solubility properties.
  • Particularly preferred are materials for the hollow bodies which - based on a certain wall thickness, which also determines the stability - dissolve in the aqueous liquor at certain temperatures, pH values, ionic strengths or after a certain residence time.
  • Such a loosening process can capture the hollow body as a whole or only a part of it, so that parts of the hollow body loosen when a certain parameter combination is set, while other parts do not loosen (but only later) or not at all.
  • the latter can be due to different quality of the material as well as different Amounts of material (thickness of the wall) or different geometries of the hollow body can be achieved.
  • the walls of the hollow body can be produced from materials of different water solubility, for example by adding polyacrylic acid sodium salt or polyvinyl alcohols (PVAL) to one or more walls.
  • PVAL polyacrylic acid sodium salt or polyvinyl alcohols
  • This addition can take place by homogeneous or heterogeneous mixing into the hollow body material or else by coating the outer and / or inner walls of the hollow body or the compartments.
  • one or more additive (s) introduced heterogeneously into the wall this leads, for example, to the formation of perforated walls which allow water to penetrate into the hollow body and / or to release the dissolved or undissolved ingredients from the hollow body.
  • washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active agents examples of which are polyacrylic acid sodium salt or PVAL as builders.
  • washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active substances which are only present in small amounts in the preparations and whose uniform incorporation is therefore not unproblematic, can be used in the material of the wall of the hollow body or in part of the material of the wall of the hollow body, for example such , which dissolves in the stage of the washing, cleaning or rinsing cycle in which the active ingredient is currently needed, is incorporated and released into the liquor at the right time when the wall material is detached.
  • fragrances which are desired in the last phase of the washing or cleaning or rinsing process, but also optical brighteners, UV protection substances, dyes and other washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations.
  • optical brighteners UV protection substances
  • dyes dyes and other washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations.
  • a foreign material which is not soluble in this mixture, for example from a polymer (with different water solubility) or from another substance (for example an inorganic or organic substance), for example inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, etc .; organic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, adipins acid, etc .; phthalic Sugars such as maltoses, dextrose, sorbitol, etc .; zeolites; silicates; crosslinked, for example weakly crosslinked polymers such as polyacrylates, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • such a structure can be associated with the advantage that the other substance dissolves more rapidly in water than the wall material, as a result of which the wall material becomes porous, which allows water to penetrate into the hollow body and thereby more rapidly detergent-release , rinse-active or cleaning-active components of the portion. All in all, the entire dimensionally stable hollow body is dissolved more quickly in such an assembly than a shaped body without these additives.
  • the walls of the hollow bodies from a plurality of layers of different structure, which in particularly preferred embodiments can be chosen such that they optimally complement one another in terms of their properties (stability, heat resistance, water solubility, gas barrier properties, etc.).
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body comprises at least one compartment, ie a chamber, in its interior.
  • a chamber or such a compartment is usually a space delimited by walls. If there is only one compartment, these are the walls of the hollow body.
  • several rooms can also be located within the walls of the dimensionally stable hollow body according to the invention. These can be formed either by separating individual rooms from one another by walls which are referred to in the context of the present invention as "compartmentalization devices".
  • such “compartmentalization devices” can be used for a hollow body filled with more than one substance "are also formed by the phase interface between the individual substances.
  • the chamber or the compartment is wholly or partially, advantageously entirely, surrounded by the enclosure from a non-pressed material which can be disintegrated under washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions and forms the wall of the dimensionally stable hollow body.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body contains at least one such compartmenting device.
  • the compartment is suitable for receiving a detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion.
  • the hollow body contains exactly one compartment. This is particularly advantageous if the dimensions of the hollow body are chosen to be small, e.g. if a hollow body should only take up one component of a detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion.
  • the hollow body contains two or more compartments which are formed by one or more compartments.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous when different constituents, a detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion have a negative influence on one another in terms of their effect or stability. By separating these components into different compartments, these problems can be avoided and the shelf life can be increased.
  • the structural stability of the dimensionally stable hollow body results solely from the inherent stability of the outer hollow body wall or (also) from the presence of compartmentalization devices and / or (also) from the filling with washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations
  • the dimensionally stable hollow bodies themselves have sufficient inherent dimensional stability, since this has an advantageous effect on the ability to machine in the manufacture of the hollow bodies and the filling during the manufacture of the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions according to the invention ,
  • the hollow body material is converted from a liquid, viscous or viscous or pasty form into a mechanically solid state.
  • This transfer can take place via one or more mechanisms such as cooling below the melting point, evaporation of solvents, in particular with reduced pressure, crystallization or by chemical reaction. Delayed water binding is very particularly preferred for the conversion to the solid state, since little or no water has to be removed, as a result of which energy costs for drying can be reduced or avoided entirely.
  • the hollow body material comprises a mixture of at least one silicate material with a proportion of 30-70% by weight and at least one alkali carbonate, hydrogen carbonate and / or percarbonate with a proportion of 30-70% by weight. This is particularly advantageous because it allows the composition of the hollow body material to be adapted in a detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing detergent with a view to its later use.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body can thus have several compartments or chambers in its interior, each containing one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation (s). Examples of this are cuboid or trochoidal dimensionally stable hollow bodies, the two, three or four or even more Have compartments, each containing one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation (s).
  • a great advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the various washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations can be distributed over the compartments in the way that is best for the special requirements. Components that adversely affect each other's effectiveness (e.g.
  • the size and shape of the individual compartments within a dimensionally stable hollow body is not critical and can largely be adapted to the needs of the individual case.
  • larger compartments can be provided than for preparations which are only present in small quantities.
  • mixtures of certain preparations which are provided at the start of the washing, cleaning or rinsing cycle and are present in certain quantities can be spatially separated from other or required components and arranged in compartments of a different size become.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that the dimensionally stable hollow body consists of a non-spherical hollow body having n delimiting surfaces, n being a number greater than or equal to 1.
  • n delimiting surfaces can be manufactured more easily, especially when several compartmentalization devices are filled step by step.
  • one or more of the n delimiting surfaces can consist of one or more of the filling areas portions of detergent, cleaning agent or detergent used. This is particularly advantageous if these partial portions consist of solid components which should preferably be released first in a washing, cleaning or rinsing process.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body consists of a non-spherical hollow body which has n delimiting surfaces, one surface of which takes on the function of a "cover” which, at the end of a process, for example for producing a detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent Portions according to the invention, ie after filling the compartment (s) inside the hollow body with one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation (s), is applied while closing the hollow body.
  • the “lid” particularly preferably consists of a Material with controllable water solubility and can be connected to the rest of the hollow body by gluing, for example with a water-soluble adhesive, fusing, welding or another known method for connecting materials.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous for the production of the detergent, detergent or dishwashing detergent portions according to the invention, since it is possible to gradually fill the compartment (s) with one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations, and handling during later use for optimal results leads, in particular, to reliable control of the access of water or aqueous liquor to the inside of the dimensionally stable hollow body or the exit of washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation from the inside of the hollow body.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body (s) contains more than one compartment
  • these compartments are arranged one above the other (“sandwich model”) and the “lid” or the compartmentalization devices inserted between the individual compartments is higher Have dissolution rate than the other outer walls of the hollow body.
  • the contents of the individual compartments can be delivered sequentially, the rate of dissolution of the compartmentalization devices being adjusted so that the Only dissolve the outer walls of the hollow body when all but one of the compartments have already dissolved.
  • the hollow body consists of 2 parts of almost the same size. This is particularly advantageous since the two sub-segments can thus be more easily joined together during production. If the two parts are of the same size, then only one size needs to be produced, for example, after filling and / or compartmentalizing and filling, two partial segments can then be joined together to form a filled, dimensionally stable hollow body.
  • the hollow body encompasses two or more compartments which are arranged to surround one another.
  • the compartments are encompassing one another, for example more or less concentrically ("bulb mode") or more or less coaxially (“multi-layer rod model”) or in such a way that the innermost compartment is completely surrounded by the next outer one, if necessary completely by the next one following, etc.
  • the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active substances can be distributed over the compartments in such a way that the components required first in the washing, cleaning or rinsing process are contained in the outermost compartment, which is the first to be exposed to the ingress of water or liquor, while later required components are arranged in compartments that are further inward and are protected from the ingress of water by the outermost compartments.
  • the compartments lying inside it is not necessary for the compartments lying inside to be completely enclosed by the outer compartments; partial enclosure is also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the hollow body comprises two or more compartments which are arranged next to one another.
  • the compartmentalization of the Hollow body take place through more or less straight walls, which can also cross in more than two compartments.
  • the sizes of the individual compartments are not critical and are adjusted according to their content in a size required for the washing process.
  • the particular advantage of this embodiment is that in this way, for example, detergent, cleaning agent or detergent components are spatially separated from one another, the mixing of which in a concentrated form would reduce their effectiveness, but which, on the other hand, occurs during the washing, rinsing or cleaning process in the Fleet should be side by side.
  • the disintegration of the compartment or the compartmenting devices can be controlled by means of physicochemical parameters, in particular time, temperature, pH, ionic strength, certain mechanical stability and / or permeability.
  • these components can be released into the fleet at different times of the washing, cleaning or rinsing process ( qualitative control), or different quantities of certain (qualitatively identical) preparations can be released into the fleet (quantitative control).
  • a dimensionally stable hollow body has, for example, several compartments, the walls of which have a different solubility (or temperature of dissolution) in water or in the liquor.
  • the compartments contain (washing, cleaning, rinsing) active components for the first, second and possibly further (washing, cleaning, rinsing) courses, which have different compositions, and set them at different times or at different times Temperatures of the washing, cleaning or rinsing process free.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow bodies for example only — can have walls and compartmentalization devices into which materials are incorporated that dissolve at different temperatures or under different other boundary conditions.
  • small holes first form in the compartment walls, which allow only a weak mass transfer between individual compartments and the outside environment and thus only release small amounts of a washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation into the fleet; under other conditions that can be set later, the holes or pores are enlarged because soluble wall components dissolve under other conditions; Through the larger holes, larger amounts of substance can be exchanged between the interior of the compartment (s) and the outside environment (ie the liquor) and thus the desired higher concentrations of the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation in the liquor can be set.
  • possible “switches” for the release of the components by the complementing devices are physicochemical parameters which bring about or control the disintegration of the compartmenting devices and / or the walls of the dimensionally stable hollow bodies. Examples of these, however, should not be understood as a limitation , are
  • the temperature ie the reaching of a certain temperature value in the course of the temperature profile of the washing, cleaning or rinsing process; the control via the temperature represents a reliable and therefore preferred embodiment, in particular in the case of dishwashing detergents, because of the temperature rising with each stage of the washing process;
  • the pH value ie the setting of a specific pH value in the course of a washing, cleaning or rinsing process by components of the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation or leaving a specific pH value after the disintegration of one which influences the pH value or determining component;
  • the hollow body and / or the compartmenting device comprise at least one water-soluble or water-swellable polymer.
  • These polymers can be one or more materials from the group consisting of acrylic acid-containing polymers, polyacrylamides, oxazoline polymers, polystyrene sulfonates, polyurethanes, polyesters and polyethers and mixtures thereof.
  • Acrylic acid-containing polymers such as. B. copolymers, terpolymers or tetrapolymers which contain at least 20% acrylic acid and have a molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000 g / mol, and their alkali metal salts; particularly preferred as comonomers are acrylic acid esters such as ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, Butyl acrylate, and salts of acrylic acid such as sodium acrylate, methacrylic acid and their salts and their esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, trimethylammonium methyl methacrylate chloride (TMAEMC), methacrylate amidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC).
  • Other monomers such as acrylamide, styrene, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, vinyl pyrrolidone can also be used with advantage;
  • plasticizers glycerin, sorbitol, water, PEG, etc.
  • lubricants stearic acid and other mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids
  • so-called “slip agents” e.g. "Aerosil”
  • organic and inorganic pigments Contain salts
  • blowing agents c
  • Polyalkylene oxides preferably polyethylene oxides with molecular weights of 600 to 100,000 g / mol and their derivatives modified by graft copolymerization with monomers such as vinyl acetate, acrylic acid and their salts and their esters, methacrylic acid and their salts and their esters, acrylamide, styrene, styrene sulfonate and vinyl pyrrolidone (example : Poly (ethylene glycol - graft - vinyl acetate);
  • PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • Polystyrene sulfonates and their copolymers with comonomers such as ethyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate and the salts of (meth) )
  • Acrylic acid such as sodium (meth) acrylate, acrylamide, styrene, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, vinyl pyrrolidone
  • the comonomer content should be 0 to 80 mol% and the molecular weight should be in the range of 5,000 to 500,000 g / mol
  • - Polyurethanes especially the reaction products of diisocyanates (e.g. TMXDI) with polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of 200 to 35,000, or with other difunctional alcohols to products
  • Polyesters with molecular weights of 4,000 to 100,000 g / mol based on dicarboxylic acids (e.g. terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, etc.) and diols (e.g. polyethylene glycols , for example with molecular weights of 200 to 35,000 g / mol);
  • dicarboxylic acids e.g. terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, etc.
  • diols e.g. polyethylene glycols , for example with molecular weights of 200 to 3
  • Cellulose ether / ester e.g. B. cellulose acetates, cellulose butyrates, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, etc .;
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention consists in that the hollow body is filled with at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation.
  • This is advantageous since, as already described above, components of a detergent formulation which have a negative influence on one another are separated from one another. These influences can reduce the stability of individual components.
  • the hollow body material itself consists of washing, cleaning or rinsing active substances, which then no longer have to be entered when filling. It is therefore particularly preferred to compare the wall thickness and size of the hollow bodies with their internal volume in such a way that the amount of washing, cleaning or rinsing substances used for the hollow body material corresponds exactly to the required total content. Then only the remaining recipe components have to be introduced into the compartments.
  • the hollow body according to the invention comprises a washing, cleaning or detergent portion consisting of one or more solid and / or liquid components.
  • a washing, cleaning or detergent portion consisting of one or more solid and / or liquid components.
  • parts of a detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion can be combined in one or more compartments. This makes it possible to position components separately from one another that could negatively influence one another.
  • the active ingredients contained therein can be released at the desired time, such as perfumes towards the end of a wash cycle. The amount of these active ingredients can thus be reduced at the same time, since losses due to premature release or degradation can be greatly reduced even before use. This also results in higher storage stability.
  • one or more compartmentalization devices contain part or all of the at least one component of at least one wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation.
  • This can be achieved with particular advantage by incorporating one or more component (s) of at least one wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation into the material of the compartmentalization device.
  • component (s) of at least one wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation into the material of the compartmentalization device. Examples of such substances have already been mentioned above in connection with the material forming the stable hollow body (s) and include (but are not limited to) components which are present in relatively small amounts in the detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portions and are It is therefore relatively difficult to incorporate it into large batches of wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations.
  • a very simple incorporation into the materials of the compartmentalization devices is successful, and from these also a reliable, controllable release in the course of the washing, cleaning or rinsing process. With a suitable choice of materials, the release can also take place with “controlled release” kinetics.
  • the compartmentalization device (s) consist of an interface between two adjoining components of a washing-active, active cleaning or rinsing active preparation or an interface between two adjacent washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing active preparations.
  • this can be the case, for example, if wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations are formed into structures by means of suitable measures, for example by coextrusion, compression molding or rolling, of a plurality of components, the components of which have solidified interfaces to neighboring components.
  • activity-reducing or otherwise disadvantageous influences of the wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations on one another can be minimized or even excluded.
  • washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation are combined to form adjacent interfaces, or that washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations which are mixtures of several components are combined to form interfaces.
  • both can lead to detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions with particularly advantageous properties, for example with good kinetics of dissolution of the components in the aqueous liquors.
  • the hollow body comprises at least one or more wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active components from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, builder substances, bleaching agents, bleaching activators, bleaching stabilizers, bleaching catalysts, enzymes, polymers, cobuilders, alkalizing agents , Acidifying agents, anti-redeposition agents, silver preservatives, colorants, optical brighteners, UV protection substances, fabric softeners, rinse aids, in an amount sufficient for a washing, cleaning and rinsing cycle.
  • wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active components from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, builder substances, bleaching agents, bleaching activators, bleaching stabilizers, bleaching catalysts, enzymes, polymers, cobuilders, alkalizing agents , Acidifying agents, anti-redeposition agents, silver preservatives, colorants, optical brighteners, UV protection substances, fabric softeners
  • the detergent and cleaning agent portions can contain surface-active substances from the group of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, where Anionic surfactants are clearly preferred for economic reasons and because of their range of services.
  • Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
  • the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably Cg. 13 alkyl benzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxy-alkane sulfonates and disulfonates, as obtained, for example from C ⁇ 2-18 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the Receives sulfonation products.
  • Alkanesulfonates which are derived from C-
  • the esters of 2-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the 2-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
  • Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
  • Preferred sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
  • Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the Schwefelhoffreraumester C 2 -C 8 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol, or C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
  • are of interest for washing technology 6 alkyl sulfates and C 2 -C 5 alkyl sulfates as well as Cu-C- 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
  • 2,3-alkyl sulfates which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
  • the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 7-2 ⁇ alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-n alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 -i 8 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8- 8 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
  • alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
  • Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
  • Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
  • the anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic are preferably located Surfactants in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.
  • surfactants are used in the form of their magnesium salts.
  • detergent, detergent or dishwashing agent portions are preferred which contain 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 to 25% by weight of one or more anionic surfactant (e), each based on the detergent, detergent or detergent portion.
  • anionic surfactant e
  • anionic surfactants that are used in the detergent, detergent and detergent portions, there are no restrictions to be observed in the freedom of formulation.
  • preferred portions of detergent, cleaning agent or detergent have a soap content which exceeds 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the portion of detergent, cleaning agent or detergent.
  • Anionic surfactants to be used with preference are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred detergent, detergent or dishwashing agent portions being 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (e), each based on the weight of the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12- i 4 alcohols containing 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -n- alcohol with 7 EO, C ⁇ 3 - ⁇ 5 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO , C 12 - ⁇ 8 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, and mixtures of C 12 - 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C- ⁇ 2 -i 8 alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as they are are described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably produced by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.
  • alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
  • Alkyl polyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) z , in which R represents a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, and G is the Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
  • the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
  • Linear alkyl polyglucosides ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
  • the detergent, detergent or detergent portions can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, with APG contents of the detergent and detergent portions above 0.2% by weight, based on the preparation as a whole, being preferred.
  • Particularly preferred detergent, detergent or detergent portions contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.5 to 3% by weight.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl ⁇ N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
  • Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),
  • RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
  • R ⁇ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
  • R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
  • R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
  • R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred are
  • [Z] represents a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical, the alkyl chain of which is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated, derivatives of this radical.
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • cationic surfactants in addition to anionic and nonionic surfactants. They are preferably used as washing performance boosters, whereby only small amounts of cationic surfactants are required. If cationic surfactants are used, they are preferably contained in the agents in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.
  • the detergent, detergent or detergent portions are detergents
  • the amount of surfactant does not have to be the same in all partial portions; rather, partial portions with a relatively larger and partial portions with a relatively smaller surfactant content can be provided.
  • the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions are detergents, in particular dishwashing detergents
  • the The amount of surfactant does not have to be the same in all portions even with detergents or dishwashing detergents; rather, partial portions with a relatively larger and partial portions with a relatively smaller surfactant content can be provided.
  • builders are the most important ingredients in detergents and cleaning agents.
  • the detergent, detergent or dishwashing agent portions can usually contain builders used in detergents, cleaning agents or dishwashing agents, in particular zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - the phosphates.
  • Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi ⁇ O 2 ⁇ + ⁇ 'H 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
  • Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514.
  • Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
  • both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 ⁇ 5 "yH 2 O are preferred, with ⁇ -sodium disilicate being able to be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.
  • the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying.
  • the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”.
  • silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
  • Electron diffraction experiments provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
  • Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.
  • An optionally used finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
  • Zeolite P-type is particularly preferred as zeolite MAP (e.g. commercial product: Doucil A24 from Crosfield).
  • zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
  • Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight zeolite X. ), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ® and by the formula
  • Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
  • phosphates as builders in detergents, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons.
  • the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates are particularly suitable.
  • Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
  • these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), as long as their use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
  • Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
  • the acids themselves can also be used.
  • the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH value for detergent and cleaning agent portions.
  • citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these should be mentioned in particular.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders. These are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
  • the molar masses given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the measurement was made against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard.
  • the molecular weights measured against polystyrene acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in the context of the present invention.
  • Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates with molecular weights of 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group.
  • copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • Their relative molar mass, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
  • the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
  • the content of the detergent or cleaning agent portions of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
  • the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, in EP-B 0 727 448, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.
  • allylsulfonic acids such as, for example, in EP-B 0 727 448, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.
  • biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units are preferred, for example those which, according to DE-A 43 00 772, are salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives as monomers or according to DE-C 42 21 381 contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives.
  • copolymers are those described in German patent applications DE-A 43 03 320 and DE-A 44 17 734 and preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
  • further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances.
  • Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which it is disclosed in German patent application DE-A 195 40 086 that, in addition to co-builder properties, they also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.
  • polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example as described in European patent application EP-A 0 280 223.
  • Preferred polyacetals are derived from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, Glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and obtained from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
  • Suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
  • the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
  • DE dextrose equivalent
  • the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
  • Oxidized dextrins of this type and processes for their preparation are in particular from European patent applications EP-A 0 232 202, EP-A 0 427 349, EP-A 0 472 042 and EP-A 0 542 496 and from international patent applications WO 92/18542, WO 93/08251, WO 93/16110 , WO 94/28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608.
  • An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A 196 00 018 is also suitable.
  • a product oxidized at C ⁇ of the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.
  • Ethylendiamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) the synthesis of which is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,158,615, is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
  • glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates as described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,524,009 and 4,639,325, in European patent application EP-A 0 150 930 and in Japanese patent application JP-A 93 / 339,896 to be discribed.
  • Suitable amounts for use in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.
  • organic co-builders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
  • Such co-builders are described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/20029.
  • phosphonates are in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates.
  • Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologues in question.
  • EDTMP hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octasodium salt of DTPMP.
  • HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates.
  • the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it may be preferred, particularly if the detergent or cleaning agent portions also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
  • the detergents, cleaning agents or dishwashing detergents can contain further ingredients from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, alkalizing agents, acidifying agents, enzymes, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, which are customary in detergents, cleaning agents or dishwashing detergents , Anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, decolorizing and staining agents, antibacterial substances and corrosion inhibitors.
  • bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. If cleaning or bleaching preparations for machine dishwashing are produced, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
  • organic bleaching agents are peroxyacids, examples of which include Alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids are called.
  • Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate; (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxy acids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-per-oxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamido operadipic acid and N-succinate; and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1, 12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1, 9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocyse
  • Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in compositions for machine dishwashing.
  • Suitable materials which release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium.
  • DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
  • Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.
  • bleach activators can be incorporated into the detergent, detergent or detergent portions.
  • Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
  • Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • TAED t
  • bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the detergent, detergent or detergent portions.
  • These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
  • Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts ,
  • Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used.
  • Enzyme mixtures for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or of cellulase and lipase or of protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures containing cellulase, are of particular interest.
  • Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
  • the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition.
  • the proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the compositions can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
  • enzymes are primarily added to a cleaning agent preparation, in particular a dishwashing agent which is intended for the main wash cycle.
  • the disadvantage here was that the optimum effect of the enzymes used limited the choice of temperature and there were also problems with the stability of the enzymes in a strongly alkaline environment.
  • With the detergent or cleaning agent portions it is possible to introduce enzymes into a separate compartment and then use them in the pre-rinse cycle and thus use the pre-rinse cycle in addition to the main rinse cycle for enzyme action on contaminated items.
  • enzymes to the wash-active preparation or partial portion of a detergent or detergent portion intended for the pre-rinse cycle, and then to include such a preparation — more preferably — with a material of a dimensionally stable hollow body that is water-soluble even at low temperature, for example to contain the enzyme-containing one Protect preparation from loss of effectiveness due to environmental conditions.
  • the enzymes are furthermore preferably optimized for use under the conditions of the pre-rinse cycle, for example in cold water.
  • the detergent portions can be advantageous if the enzyme preparations are in liquid form, as some of them are commercially available, because then a quick effect can be expected that already occurs in the (relatively short and cold water) pre-rinse cycle. Even if - as usual - the enzymes are used in solid form and they are provided with a hollow body covering made of a water-soluble material that is already soluble in cold water, the enzymes can develop their effect before the main wash or main wash cycle.
  • the advantage of using a casing made of water-soluble material, in particular of a material soluble in cold water is that the enzyme (s) quickly comes into effect in cold water after the casing has been dissolved. This can extend their effectiveness, which benefits the washing or rinsing result.
  • the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions can also contain further additives, as are known from the prior art as additives for detergent or cleaning agent or rinsing agent preparations. These can either be one or more, if necessary also all partial Portions (detergent-active, detergent-active or rinse-active preparations) of the detergent, detergent or detergent portions are added or - as described in the copending patent application No. 199 29 098.9 with the title “active ingredient portion pack” - in the water-soluble, the detergent materials of the dimensionally stable hollow bodies comprising cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations, for example, are incorporated into the water-soluble wall material (s).
  • optical brighteners customary in detergents can be used here. These are added as an aqueous solution or as a solution in an organic solvent to the polymer solution, which is converted into the wall of the dimensionally stable hollow body, or are added to a partial portion (washing-active preparation) of a detergent or cleaning agent in solid or liquid form.
  • optical brighteners are derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B.
  • salts of 4, 4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholinol, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino-) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure which instead of the morpholino group a Diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
  • brighteners of the type of the substituted diphenylstyryl can be contained in the partial portions (detergent preparations) of the detergent or cleaning agent portions, e.g. B.
  • UV protection substances are substances which are released in the washing liquor during the washing process or during the subsequent fabric softening process and which accumulate on the fiber in order to then achieve a UV protection effect.
  • Products from Ciba Specialty Chemicals that are commercially available under the name Tinosorb R are suitable.
  • Other conceivable additives which are preferred in special embodiments are surfactants, which in particular can influence the solubility of the water-soluble wall of the dimensionally stable hollow body or the compartmenting device, but also can control their wettability and the foam formation when dissolved, and foam inhibitors, but also bitter substances, which can prevent accidental swallowing of such hollow bodies or parts of such hollow bodies by children.
  • dyes are preferred here, as are usually used to improve the optical product appearance in detergents and cleaning agents and dishwashing detergents.
  • the selection of such dyes does not pose any difficulties for the person skilled in the art, in particular since such customary dyes have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations and to light and have no pronounced substantivity to textile fibers in order not to dye them.
  • the dyes are present in the detergent or detergent or rinse aid portions in amounts below 0.01% by weight.
  • polymers Another class of additives that can be added to the detergent, detergent or detergent portions are polymers.
  • polymers which show cobuilder properties during washing or cleaning or rinsing, for example polyacrylic acids, also modified polyacrylic acids or corresponding copolymers.
  • Another group of polymers are polyvinyl pyrrolidone and other graying inhibitors, such as copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose ether and the like.
  • so-called soil repellents as are known to the person skilled in the detergent and cleaning agent and are described in detail below, are also suitable as polymers.
  • bleaching catalysts in particular bleaching catalysts for automatic dishwashing detergents or detergents.
  • used are complexes of manganese and cobalt, especially with nitrogen-containing ligands.
  • silver protection agents are a large number of mostly cyclic organic compounds which are likewise familiar to the person skilled in the art and which help to prevent tarnishing of silver-containing objects during the cleaning process.
  • Specific examples can be triazoles, benzotriazoles and their complexes with metals such as Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Mo, W or Cu.
  • the detergent, detergent or detergent portions can also contain so-called soil repellents, i.e. polymers that build up on fibers or hard surfaces (e.g. on porcelain and glass), the oil and fat washability from textiles and the fat washability of Influence porcelain and glass positively and thus counteract any soiling.
  • soil repellents i.e. polymers that build up on fibers or hard surfaces (e.g. on porcelain and glass)
  • the oil and fat washability from textiles and the fat washability of Influence porcelain and glass positively and thus counteract any soiling.
  • This effect is particularly evident if a textile or a hard object (porcelain, glass) is soiled that has already been washed several times with a detergent or cleaning agent that contains this oil and fat-dissolving component.
  • the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxy groups from 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxy groups from 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic Cellulose ethers, as well as the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives thereof. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.
  • All of these additives are added to the detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portions in amounts of up to at most 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight.
  • the addition can also be made to a material of a water-soluble enclosure of the dimensionally stable hollow body or to a material the water-soluble compartmentation device (s), which comprises or holds one of the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation (s) or in the corpus part (s).
  • Fragrances are added to the detergent, detergent or detergent portions in order to improve the overall aesthetic impression of the products and, in addition to the technical performance (fabric softener result), to provide the consumer with a product that is typical of the sensor and is unmistakable.
  • Individual fragrance compounds can be used as perfume oils or fragrances, for example the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type.
  • Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-t-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methyl phenylglycinate, allylcyclohexyl benzylatepylpionate, allyl cyclohexyl propyl pionate.
  • the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether.
  • the aldehydes include e.g. B. linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lileal and bourgeonal.
  • the ketones include the ionones, ⁇ -isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone.
  • Alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol.
  • the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as limonene and pinene. Mixtures of different fragrances are preferably used which are coordinated with one another in such a way that they together produce an appealing fragrance.
  • perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as are obtainable from plant sources. Examples are pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
  • the fragrance content is usually in the range up to 2% by weight of the total detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portion.
  • the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation (s); however, it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of textiles due to a slower fragrance release.
  • Cyclodextrins for example, have proven themselves as such carrier materials.
  • the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can also be coated with other auxiliaries.
  • the perfumes and fragrances can in principle be contained in each of the partial portions (wash-active or cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations) of the detergent, detergent or detergent portions. However, it is particularly preferred that they are in a detergent portion in a partial detergent portion provided for the post-wash or fabric softener stage or in a detergent, especially in a dishwashing detergent, in a portion of the detergent portion provided for the post-rinse stage or rinse cycle, special portion of detergent portion are included.
  • a material of the dimensionally stable hollow body or the compartmenting device (s) that is water-soluble only under the conditions (in particular at the temperature) of the post-wash or rinse cycle, and water-insoluble under the conditions (in particular at the temperature) of the preceding wash or rinse cycles ) be included.
  • this is feasible, for example, with a detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent portion comprising a plurality of compartments in a dimensionally stable hollow body.
  • the detergent, detergent or detergent portions contain in a dimensionally stable hollow body with at least one compartment one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations in such amounts, that they are sufficient for a washing, cleaning or rinsing process.
  • two units can be dosed under special conditions (heavily soiled, e.g. heavily soiled laundry; heavily soiled dishes).
  • the hollow body comprises a detergent, detergent or dishwashing portion or partial portion in the form of powder, granules, extrudate, pellets, beads, tablets, tabs, rings, blocks, briquettes, solutions, melts, Gels, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, foams and / or gases.
  • a detergent, detergent or dishwashing portion or partial portion in the form of powder, granules, extrudate, pellets, beads, tablets, tabs, rings, blocks, briquettes, solutions, melts, Gels, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, foams and / or gases.
  • Another object of the present invention is a washing, cleaning or rinsing agent that one or more dimensionally stable hollow bodies filled with at least one washing, cleaning or rinsing active preparation.
  • the washing, cleaning or rinsing agent contains several different hollow bodies. This is particularly advantageous because it allows hollow bodies with, for example, different fillings to be adapted to their contents and can be used in a mixture as a washing, cleaning or rinsing agent.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for producing a filled hollow body with at least one compartment, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps, that a non-pressed hollow body is first produced, this hollow body optionally by one or more devices in compartments is subdivided, then at least one compartment is filled with a wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation and finally, if necessary, is closed to form a partial or complete enclosure around the wash-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations.
  • a dimensionally stable, non-spherical hollow body is produced as a blank with (n-1) surfaces, the compartments formed in the blank are filled with at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation and the filled blank with application of the n -containing the surface of the hollow body completely closed.
  • the hollow body is produced entirely or partially by casting or injection molding.
  • a considerable disadvantage of this procedure is that the wall thickness s of the resulting hollow body blank is not influenced in a targeted manner and therefore cannot be controlled by the procedure. Even with this method of "Mughal casting", dimensionally stable hollow bodies with compartmentalization devices, such as, for example, partition walls, which separate the compartments from one another, cannot be produced in one step.
  • the injection molding of suitable materials is carried out according to methods known per se at high pressures and temperatures, for example at temperatures between 5 and 90 ° C., preferably between 20 and 80 ° C., in particular at approx. 60 ° C., and a pressure between 500 and 2,000 bar , preferably from> 1,000 bar, in particular at approx. 1,400 bar, with the steps of closing the mold connected to the extruder for injection molding, injecting the material at elevated temperature and high pressure, curing the injection-molded molding, opening the mold and removing the mold blank. Further optional steps such as the application of release agents, demolding etc. are known to the person skilled in the art and can be carried out using technology known per se.
  • the dimensionally stable hollow body produced by injection molding regularly does not have closed walls on all sides and is on at least one of its walls Sides - in the case of a spherical or elliptical body in the area of part of its shell - are open due to the manufacturing process. Through the remaining opening, one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparation (s) are / are filled into the compartment (s) formed in the interior of the dimensionally stable hollow body. This also takes place in a manner known per se, for example in the context of production processes known from the confectionery industry; Procedures that run in several steps are also conceivable.
  • a one-step procedure is particularly preferred if, in addition to solid preparations, preparations (dispersions or emulsions, suspensions) comprising liquid components or even preparations (foams) comprising gaseous components are to be incorporated into the detergent, detergent or dishwashing agent portions in the hollow bodies ,
  • the hollow body is converted from a liquid, viscous or pasty form by delayed water binding, by cooling below the melting point, by evaporation of solvents, by crystallization or by chemical reaction (s) into a solid form.
  • This is particularly advantageous because it enables the particularity of the hollow body material according to the invention, namely the pasty intermediate stage, to be used for shaping. It is therefore possible to bring a material containing silica carbonate / percarbonate into the final shape by casting or injection molding.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is one in which two or more dimensionally stable hollow bodies form a composite, which is particularly preferred, but not necessarily detachable, which is preferably achieved by gluing, fusing or stapling.
  • a composite of two or more dimensionally stable hollow bodies can be used with particular advantage if either detergent, detergent or dishwashing agent portions of different compositions are to be metered (e.g.
  • such composite hollow bodies can be detached from one another again in an aqueous environment, for example by using a water-soluble adhesive; this could ensure that a composite used in the automatic washing, cleaning or rinsing process is completely dissolved and drawn off from the machine with the washing, cleaning or rinsing liquor.
  • Another object of the invention is a washing process, in particular a machine washing process, which is characterized in that the process comprises the following steps: one or more hollow bodies are introduced into the washing machine, in particular into the dispenser or washing drum, and the desired washing conditions are set and after the occurrence of these conditions, the hollow body (s) are placed in the washing liquor and brought into contact with the goods to be washed.
  • This washing process is carried out, for example, in a commercially available washing machine.
  • a detergent which can preferably be used in such a washing process comprises a plurality of “phases” which are contained in compartments of the dimensionally stable hollow body (s) according to the invention.
  • the means for compartmenting dissolve if it is a wall and not a phase boundary between 2 compartments due to the inherent properties of the material that forms the respective wall when certain parameters are set in water or in the aqueous liquor.
  • phases can be mentioned as examples of a detergent according to the invention:
  • Phase 1 anionic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant, polycarboxylate, citrate, citric acid, phosphonates, enzymes (without protease);
  • Phase 2 soda, alkali carrier, protease;
  • Phase 3 alkaline builders, zeolite, silicates, perborate, percarbonate, carboxymethyl cellulose;
  • Phase 4 Perfume, optical brighteners, soil repellants, plasticizers (including esterquats).
  • the water solubility of the walls / compartmentalization devices surrounding the phases can be adjusted so that 5 to 10 minutes after opening one compartment each time until the contents of the next compartment are released.
  • phase 2 is omitted and the content is distributed over phases 1 (protease) and 3 (soda, alkali carrier), and in a further simplification, in addition to phase 2, the phase 4 is omitted, perfume, optical brighteners and soil repellants are added to phase 3 and the fabric softener is dosed in a separate product.
  • Another object of the invention is a cleaning method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps, that one or more hollow bodies are introduced into the cleaning liquor, the desired cleaning conditions are set and, after these conditions have occurred, the cleaning liquor with the material to be cleaned in Brings contact.
  • Another object of the invention is a rinsing process, in particular a machine rinsing process, characterized in that the process comprises the following steps: one or more hollow bodies are placed in the dishwasher, in particular in its washing-up chamber or in its rinsing chamber, the desired washing conditions are set and after the occurrence of these conditions, place the hollow body (s) in the washing liquor and bring them into contact with the items to be washed.
  • This rinsing process is carried out, for example, in a commercially available dishwasher.
  • incompatible washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations or their components can be spatially separated and, owing to the lack of a common contact surface, no reactions can occur with one another, in particular no reaction which affects the activity of the respective preparation.
  • the skilled person opens up new recipe possibilities for the combination of substances previously regarded as incompatible in detergent, cleaning agent or dishwashing agent preparations. Due to the spatial separation of the individual components, the technological functions of the individual components can be optimized independently of one another, without the effects of the components on one another being feared.
  • the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions contained in the hollow bodies with one or more compartments promise a constant and pre-assembled dosage with all the components required or desired for the entire washing, cleaning or rinsing process.
  • the metering takes place in one step, and the solubility of the encapsulation or of the hollow body material for releasing the ingredients takes place reliably according to predetermined or predetermined kinetics, so that the washing, cleaning or rinsing results improve significantly compared to powdered agents or pressed Shaped bodies of the same composition without compartmentalized separation of the components.

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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un corps creux indéformable comprenant au moins un compartiment et constitué d'une matière contenant 10 à 90 % en poids d'une matière silicatée et 10 à 90 % en poids d'un carbonate alcalin, d'un carbonate d'hydrogène alcalin et/ou d'un percabonate alcalin. Ce corps creux peut se désintégrer lorsqu'il est soumis à des conditions de lavage, nettoyage ou rinçage, et la matière qui le constitue est une matière non comprimée.
PCT/EP2002/014056 2001-12-20 2002-12-11 Composes de silicate de soude en tant que materiaux enveloppants WO2003054133A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU2002352239A AU2002352239A1 (en) 2001-12-20 2002-12-11 Soda-silicate compounds as enveloping material

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DE2001162644 DE10162644A1 (de) 2001-12-20 2001-12-20 Soda-Silikat-Compounds als Hüllmaterial
DE10162644.4 2001-12-20

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2007413A1 (de) * 1969-02-18 1970-08-20 Raion Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokio Detergentformlinge
WO2001085895A1 (fr) * 2000-05-12 2001-11-15 Unilever N.V. Produit de nettoyage en dose unitaire
WO2002006431A2 (fr) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-24 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Corps creux a compartiment

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10033827A1 (de) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Henkel Kgaa Kompartiment-Hohlkörper
DE10058647A1 (de) * 2000-07-14 2002-05-29 Henkel Kgaa Kompartiment- Hohlkörper III

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2007413A1 (de) * 1969-02-18 1970-08-20 Raion Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokio Detergentformlinge
WO2001085895A1 (fr) * 2000-05-12 2001-11-15 Unilever N.V. Produit de nettoyage en dose unitaire
WO2002006431A2 (fr) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-24 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Corps creux a compartiment

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