WO2003044132A1 - Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens en deux etapes comprenant deux boucles de recyclage d'hydrogene - Google Patents
Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens en deux etapes comprenant deux boucles de recyclage d'hydrogene Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003044132A1 WO2003044132A1 PCT/FR2001/003685 FR0103685W WO03044132A1 WO 2003044132 A1 WO2003044132 A1 WO 2003044132A1 FR 0103685 W FR0103685 W FR 0103685W WO 03044132 A1 WO03044132 A1 WO 03044132A1
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- Prior art keywords
- loop
- hydrogen
- stripping
- gas
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 194
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- 102100031437 Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 87
- 101001130384 Homo sapiens Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 87
- 102100033934 DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 81
- 101001132307 Homo sapiens DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 81
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100038750 Myc-associated zinc finger protein Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710146400 Myc-associated zinc finger protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 49
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001193 catalytic steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100356020 Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd) recA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100042680 Mus musculus Slc7a1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Mo] WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007324 demetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940059867 sulfur containing product ectoparasiticides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
- C10G65/08—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon fractions and for example gasolines or middle distillates, to produce hydrocarbon fractions with low sulfur, nitrogen and aromatic compounds content, usable in particular in the field of fuels for combustion engines. internal.
- hydrocarbon fractions include jet fuel, diesel fuel, kerosene and gas oils.
- the invention makes it possible in particular to treat cuts of middle distillates with a very low cetane index, for example cuts comprising a significant proportion of catalytic cracked diesel (generally designated by LCO or “Light Cycle Oil”), to produce a fuel. with a high cetane number, desulphurized and partially de-aromatized.
- the present invention relates to a very efficient hydrotreatment process, which can in particular treat difficult loads and of poor quality to produce high quality fuels. It comprises at least two hydrotreatment stages with intermediate stripping of the effluent from the first stage with hydrogen under pressure substantially free of undesirable impurities for the catalyst of the second stage, in order to eliminate in particular a portion of PH2S formed, each step being carried out with a hydrogen recycling loop specific to this step.
- This process makes it possible to be able to independently choose the operating pressures of the two stages, to have in the second stage a very low content of pollutants, in particular H2S and water, and to be able to use in the second stage a catalyst based on a noble metal or comprising a noble metal in the best conditions of use of this catalyst, while having a high energy efficiency.
- the present invention also relates to the substantially desulphurized and optionally partially de-aromatized hydrocarbon fraction obtained by means of the process according to the invention, and any fuel containing such a fraction.
- the pressure at a reaction stage is called the pressure at the outlet of the reactor (or last reactor) of this stage.
- the pressure of a hydrogen-rich gas recycling loop will be called the suction pressure of the recycling compressor.
- purity applied to a gas containing hydrogen, and designated by the acronym “Pure” will designate a molar percentage of molecular hydrogen: for example a purity Pur1 of 85 of a gas will mean that this gas contains 85 % molar of hydrogen (molecular). Conventionally, we will call gas "rich in hydrogen", or
- “Hydrogen” a gas whose molecular hydrogen purity is greater than about 50.
- the purity of a hydrogen-rich gas recycling loop (or purity of the gas in this loop) is the purity of the gas on suction of the recycling compressor for this loop.
- the term “recycling loop”, or “hydrogen recycling loop” is applied to the recycling of a hydrogen-rich gas to a reactor, after gas / liquid separation downstream of this reactor, and compression of the gas ( or part of the gas) to allow recycling.
- a “recycling loop” also includes the lines and equipment crossed by the recycled gas, possibly mixed with a liquid phase (such as feed).
- a recycling loop comprises at least one recycling compressor, a hydrotreatment reactor, a gas / liquid separation flask downstream of this reactor, and / or possibly the part of a stripping column located above the feed, if this column is located on the recycled gas circuit:
- a recycling loop therefore includes the lines and equipment located along the path of the recycled gas; it can therefore also include branches and diversions: for example, part of the compressed gas can be taken from the recycled gas stream upstream of the reactor, and feed the reactor and / or a stripping column in the intermediate part, for use as a "quench" gas (according to English terminology, ie quenching) , or direct cooling), or as a stripping gas.
- recycling loop is therefore used to describe a closed circuit which may include, downstream of the recycling compressor, branches and parts of the circuit in parallel, following the path of the gas, these parts generally grouping upstream of the or compressors for recycling this loop.
- the term “recycling loop” excludes open circuits, such as circuits without recycling, or gas evacuation circuits, for example to other uses, for example gas evacuation circuits taken from a recycling loop, such as excess gas or purge gas.
- the charge of the process according to the invention designates a liquid stream of hydrocarbons supplying a hydrotreatment zone, but also a liquid stream recovered downstream from this hydrotreatment zone, which can for example be qualified as partially desulfurized charge , even if this partially desulphurized charge is chemically different from the initial charge, due in particular to the elimination of the sulfur from certain compounds, but also to the saturation of part of the aromatics and the elimination of a fraction of this charge due to the formation of gaseous light products at the level of the reaction stages, not recovered in liquid form -
- the term “hydrotreatment”, relating to the process according to the invention applies to the treatment of a hydrocarbon charge under a pressure d hydrogen, the total pressure being between approximately 2 and approximately 20 MPa, to preferably carry out one and / or several chemical reactions s from the group consisting of the following reactions: hydro-desulfurization, hydro-denitrogenation, hydro-demetallation (to remove one or more metals such as in particular vanadium, nickel, iron, sodium, titanium, silicon, copper
- each stage can comprise one or more reactors, one or more catalytic zones (or beds), and use identical or different catalysts.
- the catalysts used in hydrotreatment generally comprise a porous mineral support, at least one metal or compound of metal from the group VIII of the periodic classification of the elements (this group comprising in particular cobalt, nickel, iron, rhodium, palladium, platinum etc.) and at least one metal or metal compound of group VI B of said periodic classification (this group notably comprising molybdenum, tungsten, etc.).
- the sum of metals or metal compounds, expressed by weight of metal relative to the weight of the finished catalyst is often between 0.5 and 50% by weight.
- the sum of the metals or metal compounds of group VIII, expressed by weight of metal relative to the weight of the finished catalyst is often between 0.5 and 15% by weight.
- the sum of the metals or metal compounds of group VI B, expressed by weight of metal relative to the weight of the finished catalyst is often between 2 and 30% by weight.
- the mineral support can comprise, without limitation, one of the following compounds: alumina, silica, zirconia, titanium oxide, magnesia, or two compounds chosen from the preceding compounds, for example silica-alumina or alumina-zirconia, or alumina-titanium oxide, or alumina-magnesia, or even three or more compounds chosen from the preceding compounds, for example silica-alumina-zirconia or silica-alumina-magnesia.
- alumina, silica, zirconia, titanium oxide, magnesia or two compounds chosen from the preceding compounds, for example silica-alumina or alumina-zirconia, or alumina-titanium oxide, or alumina-magnesia, or even three or more compounds chosen from the preceding compounds, for example silica-alumina-zirconia or silica-alumina-magnesia.
- the support may also comprise, in part or in whole, a zeolite.
- a frequently used support is alumina, or a support mainly composed of alumina (for example from 80 to 100% of alumina); such a support can also include one or more other promoter elements or compounds, based for example on phosphorus, magnesium, boron, silicon, or comprising a halogen.
- the support can for example comprise from 0.01 to 20% by weight of B2O3, or of SiO2, or of P2O5, or of a halogen (for example chlorine or of fluorine), or 0.01 to 20% by weight of an association of several of these promoters.
- Common catalysts are for example catalysts based on cobalt and molybdenum, or else nickel and molybdenum, or else nickel and tungsten, on an alumina support, this support possibly comprising one or more promoters as mentioned above.
- catalysts are also frequently used comprising at least one noble metal or compound of a noble metal, this noble metal often being rhodium, palladium or platinum, and most often palladium or platinum (or a mixture of these elements, for example palladium and platinum).
- the quantity of noble metal or of noble metals is often comprised, for these catalysts, between 0.01 and approximately 10% by weight relative to the finished catalyst.
- These noble metal type catalysts are generally more effective than the so-called conventional catalysts, in particular in hydrogenation, and make it possible to operate at lower temperatures and with lower catalytic volumes. They are however more expensive and more sensitive to impurities.
- the operating conditions which can be used in hydrotreatment are well known to those skilled in the art:
- the temperature is typically between approximately 200 and approximately 460 ° C.
- the total pressure is typically between approximately 1 MPa and approximately 20 MPa, generally between 2 and 20 MPa, preferably between 2.5 and 18 MPa, and very preferably between 3 and 18 MPa.
- the overall hourly space velocity of liquid charge for each catalytic step is typically between approximately 0.1 and approximately 12, and generally between approximately 0.4 and approximately 10.
- the purity of the hydrogen in the recycling loop is typically between 50 and 100.
- the amount of hydrogen relative to the liquid feed is for each catalytic step typically between approximately 50 and approximately 1200 Nm3 / m3, and often between approximately 100 and approximately 1000 Nm3 / m3 at the outlet of the reactor.
- US Pat. No. 6,221,239 describes the sequence of hydrotreatment with stripping of products with steam, and hydrodearomatization.
- Striping is a conventional steam stripping.
- the pressure and the operating conditions of the stripper, in particular the operating pressure, are not specified, and it can therefore be considered that it is a conventional stripper of hydrotreatment products.
- Such an H2S stripper typically disposed at the outlet of a hydrotreating unit, operates under a relatively low pressure, conventionally 0.5 to 1.2 MPa. approximately, to promote stripping, and to avoid any condensation of water in the stripper itself.
- Hydrotreating strippers also operate under relatively low pressure in order to be able to use less steam, and moreover low or medium pressure steam, which is relatively cheaper than high pressure steam.
- a typical variant of installation according to this process therefore presents the sequence of two successive units: a hydrotreatment with its stripping of H2S with steam, then a de-aromatization unit, each unit having its hydrogen recycling loop.
- This process uses specific catalysts for the two units, including a noble metal catalyst.
- the first is linked to energy efficiency, which is not optimal since steam is used for stripping, steam which must be produced with significant energy consumption, then condensed.
- the catalyst comprising a noble metal or a compound of a noble metal is not used under ideal conditions: steam stripping leads to significant water contents in the stripped liquid; however, the water content must be minimized, since water is typically unfavorable for the activity of hydrotreatment catalysts of this type.
- Patents are also known concerning hydrotreatment processes with two or more integrated stages with intermediate stripping of I ⁇ 2S with high pressure hydrogen, these processes making it possible to operate in the second and / or last stage with a very low H2S content.
- US patent 5 1 14 562 describes a process for hydrotreating a middle distillate in at least two consecutive stages with a view to producing desulfurized and de-aromatized hydrocarbon cuts comprising a first hydrodesulfurization step, the effluent of which is sent to a zone stripping with hydrogen, in order to eliminate the hydrogen sulfide which it contains.
- the desulphurized fraction thus obtained is sent to a second reaction zone, in particular hydrogenation, comprising at least two reactors in series, in which the aromatic compounds are hydrogenated.
- the stripping area does not include reflux; the light hydrocarbons entrained at the top of the stripper, and which are recycled to hydrogenation and then to hydrodesulfurization, reduce the partial pressure of the hydrogen necessary for the reaction.
- This process uses a single recycling loop, which leads to substantially uniformity of hydrogen purity, in particular the content of light hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1, C2, C3, C4) in the various reaction zones and to use for these areas fairly similar operating pressures.
- US Patent 5,110,444 describes a process comprising hydrotreating a middle distillate in at least three separate steps.
- the effluent from the first hydrodesulfurization step is sent to a hydrogen stripping zone to remove the hydrogen sulfide it contains.
- the desulfurized liquid fraction obtained is sent to a first hydrogenation zone, the effluent of which is in turn sent to a second stripping zone separate from the first.
- the liquid part from the second stripping zone is sent to a second hydrogenation zone.
- the stripping zone does not include reflux, and the light hydrocarbons entrained at the top of the stripper, are also recycled to hydrodesulfurization, which causes a reduction in the partial pressure of hydrogen in this stage. This process therefore uses a single recycling loop, with the same consequences as for the previously cited patent.
- Patent application EP A 1 063 275 describes a process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a hydrodesulfurization step, a step in which the partially desulfurized effluent is sent to a hydrogen stripping zone, then to a hydrotreatment step making it possible to obtain a partially de-aromatized and substantially desulfurized effluent.
- the gaseous effluent from the stripping step is cooled to a temperature sufficient to form a liquid fraction which is returned to the top of the stripping zone.
- the pressure of the hydrodesulfurization and hydrotreatment stages is between 2MPa and 20MPa. It is not suggested any advantage to operate at different pressures, higher or lower in one of these two stages.
- the gases supplying these two compressors have substantially identical compositions with regard to their light hydrocarbon contents (C1, C2, C3, C4).
- the process thus described therefore uses two recycling loops which mix at a common line, which can be assimilated to a single recycling loop and also leads to standardizing the purity of the gas. recycling at the different reaction zones and using relatively similar pressures.
- All these hydrotreatment processes with intermediate stripping with hydrogen under pressure have common elements:
- the stripping is carried out with hydrogen (typically lean or free of water); the hydrogen after stripping is recycled in the hydrogen loop, which leads to the use of stripping at high pressure (that of the hydrogen loop), and makes it possible not to substantially depressurize the liquid effluent from the first stage before stripping.
- the two hydrotreatment stages are also strongly integrated with a common or mixed hydrogen loop (mixing of hydrogen from the different circuits).
- the integrated hydrogen loop leads to the use of similar pressures for the two (or more) reaction stages, and prevents independent optimization of the operating pressures according to the specifications required of the final product.
- the addition of a reaction step and an additional reactor, to obtain a product with more stringent specifications requires designing and dimensioning this stage and this reactor at a pressure close to that of the existing unit, sometimes far from the optimal pressure.
- the integrated or mixed recycling loop leads either to treating the hydrogen in this loop by costly means, so as to remove these impurities, or to use a less expensive treatment and accept traces of impurities and conditions of use that are not optimal for the catalyst.
- the integrated or mixed recycling loop leads to the presence of light hydrocarbons in the recycling gas of all the reaction stages, whereas these hydrocarbons are generally produced in large quantities only during the first desulphurization stage. This leads to lowering the purity of the hydrogen and the partial pressure of hydrogen (molecular), which reduces the speed of the hydrotreatment reactions.
- a typical charge of the process according to the invention is a charge of middle distillates.
- middle distillate denotes hydrocarbon fractions boiling in the range from approximately 130 ° C to approximately 410 ° C, generally from approximately 140 ° C to approximately 375 ° C and for example from approximately 150 ° C to about 370 ° C.
- a charge of middle distillates can also include a diesel or diesel cut, or be designated by one of these names.
- the process of the present invention can also find an application in the treatment of hydrocarbon fractions, in particular of direct distillation, having a boiling point located in the range of naphthas: it can be used to produce hydrocarbon cuts usable as solvent or as diluent and preferably containing a reduced content of aromatic and or sulfur compounds; the term naphtha denotes a hydrocarbon fraction ranging from hydrocarbons having 5 carbon atoms to hydrocarbons having a final boiling point of approximately 210 ° C.
- the process can also be used for hydrotreating and desulfurization of gasoline, in particular gasoline coming from a fluid catalytic cracking unit (unit whose process is known under the name FCC), or other fractions gasoline originating, for example, from coking, visbreaking, or hydroconversion of residue units, the term gasoline denotes a hydrocarbon fraction originating from a cracking unit, boiling between approximately 30 ° C. and approximately 210 ° C.
- FCC fluid catalytic cracking unit
- kerosene designates a hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the range 130 ° C to 250 ° C approximately.
- the process according to the invention can also be used for hydrotreating heavier cuts such as boiling vacuum distillate in the range 370 ° C to 565 ° C approximately.
- the process according to the invention can also be used for hydrotreating heavier cuts than vacuum distillate, in particular deasphalted oil cuts.
- deasphalted oil denotes a cut boiling above about 565 ° C (or a slightly lower temperature such as about 525 ° C), obtained by deasphalting a heavy residue, for example vacuum residue, by a solvent of propane, butane, pentane, light gasoline type or any other suitable solvent known to a person skilled in the art.
- the process can be used for the hydrotreatment of a wider hydrocarbon fraction, resulting for example (without limitation) from a mixture of at least two of the fractions previously defined.
- residual fillers for example of vacuum residue, boiling above about 565 ° C., and comprising non-vaporizable asphaltenes.
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- step a2) of stripping the charge at least partially desulfurized in step ai), in a column under pressure, preferably with liquid reflux, with at least one stripping gas rich in hydrogen, to produce at least one stripping gaseous effluent rich in hydrogen and at least one liquid stripping effluent, the stripping gaseous effluent being at least partly compressed and recycled at the entry of the first step ai) to by means of a first REC1 recycling loop,
- step a3) in which P liquid stripping effluent and excess hydrogen are passed over a second catalyst hydrotreatment (different or identical to the first), the effluent from this step a3) being fractionated, in a gas / liquid separation step a4), into a gaseous fraction rich in hydrogen and a hydrotreated liquid fraction, said gaseous fraction in hydrogen being at least partially compressed and recycled at the inlet of P step a3) by means of a second recycling loop REC2, separated from the loop REC1.
- the two loops are distinct (unlike a single loop supplying the different hydrotreatment stages in parallel or in series), that they comprise means for compressing different recycling gases, and have no common part or common point or are combined and mixed the recycle gases supplying the two loops; on the other hand this does not exclude connections between the two loops such as one or more lines for discharging purge gas from one loop to the other loop.
- the purge gas is evacuated from the REC2 loop to the REC1 loop, there is no need to treat this purge gas, the impurity content of which in particular in H2S is low, whereas the hydrotreatment step ai) often takes place with a significant H2S content.
- the purge gas is evacuated from the loop REC1 to the loop REC2, it is preferable to ensure that this purge gas does not introduce too large a quantity of undesirable impurities into the loop REC2. It will then generally be possible to carry out a treatment of this purge gas (alone or possibly in admixture with another stream of recycle gas) in order to eliminate in particular most of the PH2S contained in this purge gas, and possibly water if the second stage catalyst is very sensitive to water. Examples of such treatments are given later in this application.
- the flow rate of a purge gas being generally relatively low compared to the flow rate of a recycling loop, the treatment of this possible purge gas (from the loop REC1 to the loop REC2) is applied only at a low gas flow rate (typically less than 50% and even more often than 30% of the flow rate of each of the recycling loops REC1 and REC2, (flow rate measured by convention at the level of the recycling compressor).
- the loop REC2 is supplied with hydrogen independently of the loop REC1, by one or more streams of hydrogen exclusively constituted (s) of stream (s) of auxiliary hydrogen external (s) to the REC1 loop. This makes it possible to obtain in the loop REC2 a recycling gas having a very high purity.
- the loop REC2 is not common, has no common part and has no mixing point with the loop REC1 uniting the two recycling gases.
- the REC2 loop is supplied with hydrogen independently of the REC1 loop, it is therefore not polluted by the compounds which may be found in the REC1 loop.
- the second stage a pressure relatively close to that of the first stage, for example a pressure greater than or equal to that of the first stage of approximately 0 to 1.2 MPa, or even a pressure lower than that of the first stage.
- the decoupling of the two loops, in combination with stripping, also makes it possible to eliminate pollutants from the REC2 loop which are only present in significant quantities in only part of the recycling (REC1 loop), and to use efficient catalysts but sensitive to certain pollutants in the second or last hydrotreatment stage, without these pollutants being reintroduced in the second or last hydrotreatment stage via a common recycling gas or mixed for the two stages.
- the treatment for purifying this purge gas has a limited cost , well below the cost of treating all the loop recycling gas
- this purge gas is typically relatively low (for example at most 50% and in particular at most 30% of the gas flow rate in any one of the two loops).
- the stripping column which preferably operates under a pressure (at the head of the column) close to the pressure of stage ai) (for example under a pressure lower than that of stage ai) of approximately 0 to 1 MPa , and preferably around 0 to 0.6 MPa), essentially makes it possible to carry out an elimination of undesirable compounds in the second reaction step: It is possible, using a stripping gas rich in hydrogen and substantially free of pollutants: H2S, NH3 , (and possibly H2O), carry out a stripping of these pollutants and substantially eliminate them from the bottom product of the column (the liquid stripping effluent), before feeding the second reaction step.
- a stripping gas rich in hydrogen and substantially free of pollutants H2S, NH3 , (and possibly H2O)
- the degree of hydrodesulfurization of step ai) and the efficiency of stripping are preferably adjusted so that the H2S content in the REC2 loop is limited, for example to less than 1000 ppm, or even 200 ppm.
- the preferred contents in particular if a thioresistant catalyst is not used, are generally less than 100 ppm, or even less than 50 ppm.
- the most preferred contents are less than 10 ppm, and in particular less than 5 ppm.
- a sulfur-resistant catalyst is used in the second reaction step, it is however possible to have more than 500 ppm or even more than 1000 ppm of H2S in the REC2 loop.
- the zone of depletion (or of stripping of the liquid from the feed) of the stripping column (that is to say the area situated below the feed) can for example have an efficiency corresponding to from 3 to 60 theoretical plates, generally from 5 to 30 theoretical plates, and often from 8 to 20 theoretical plates, limits included.
- a preferred embodiment of the stripping step a2) consists in using a stripping column also comprising a stripping vapor rectification zone (zone situated above the feed), with a liquid reflux (substantially at the head of the zone rectification).
- the rectification allows substantially all the liquid products, or possibly mainly relatively heavy sulfur-containing products which are difficult to desulfurize, to flow back to the bottom of the column, according to different variants of the process according to the invention, explained below. It makes it possible to recover and submit to the second hydrotreatment step all the compounds for which additional advanced hydrotreatment is sought.
- the number of theoretical plates of the rectification zone is generally between 1 and 30, preferably between 2 and 20, and very preferably between 5 and 14 limits included.
- the total reactor effluent from step ai) feeds the stripping column, the gas contained in the reactor effluent also being subjected to rectification by means of liquid reflux. It is however possible, without departing from the scope of the invention, to separate beforehand the gas contained in the effluent from the reactor of step ai), upstream of the stripping column.
- the effluent from the reaction step ai) is only partially cooled before entering the stripping column.
- the inlet temperature into the stripping column is generally at least 140 ° C, often at least 180 ° C, and frequently between 180 ° C and 390 ° C.
- the liquid reflux is obtained by cooling and partial condensation of the column head vapors then separation of the cooled stream in a gas / liquid separator flask, or reflux separator flask.
- these vapors are cooled to a temperature less than or equal to 80 ° C, for example to about 50 ° C or even to a lower temperature.
- the cooled gas from this reflux tank then constitutes an "effluent gaseous stripping "which can optionally be treated then is typically compressed and then recycled.
- substantially all of the relatively light hydrocarbon liquid phase is returned to the stripping column as internal reflux, and therefore no light stripping liquid effluent is produced at the level reflux flask, or possibly a very small amount generally less than 10% by weight of the initial charge, for example a reduced amount of naphtha or other light products often generated during the first step ai).
- the liquid stripping effluent then represents, in this first variant, preferably at least 90% by weight, and often about 95% by weight or more of the initial charge.
- the aim sought in this first variant is to subject the largest possible amount of boiling product in the distillation interval sought in the second hydrotreatment step a3), with the main objective, most often, to carry out hydro-dearomatization important in this second step, applied to as much of the treated section as possible, typically to maximize the number of cetane.
- Step a3) also performs further desulfurization of the feed.
- step ai platinum catalyst in step a3
- very thorough desulfurization is preferably carried out in step ai), for example at about 100 ppm of sulfur, or preferably about 50 ppm and for example at about 10 ppm or less, to limit the amount of residual sulfur in step a3) due to the high sensitivity of this catalyst to sulfur.
- the diagram of the process according to the invention also makes it possible, with the loop REC2 separated from the loop REC1, to practically eliminate the water at the level of the stripping column (with a stripping preferred with the additional hydrogen typically of content of substantially zero water) without reintroducing water at the REC2 loop.
- Very low water content e.g. less than about 200 ppm, often less than 100 ppm and generally less than 10 ppm is then easily obtained, which is favorable to the activity of the platinum catalyst.
- a purge gas from the REC1 loop to the REC2 loop it is very often preferable, with a platinum catalyst, to eliminate I ⁇ 2S from this purge gas and to dehydrate it before introducing it into the loop REC2.
- step a3 less desulfurization is optionally carried out in step a1), for example at about 1000 ppm of sulfur, or preferably about 500 ppm and for example at about 100 ppm of sulfur or at a content compatible with good efficiency of the platinum / palladium catalyst used.
- a higher water content than in the previous case is acceptable in step a3), but in practice an almost total elimination of water can be easily obtained by stripping with additional hydrogen.
- step a3 When using a purge gas from the REC1 loop to the REC2 loop, and a platinum / palladium catalyst in step a3), it is often preferable to remove PH2S from this purge gas and / or to dehydrate it before introducing it into the REC2 loop.
- step a3) a conventional catalyst (for example of the nickel / molybdenum type on alumina), less sensitive to impurities but less efficient.
- the stripping column supply temperatures that can be used in this first variant are typically between approximately 140 and approximately 270 ° C., and preferably between 180 and 250 ° C.
- a light stripping effluent in large quantities (typically between 10 and 70%, in particular between 20% and 60 % by weight relative to the initial charge), which is discharged directly downstream (that is to say without additional hydrotreatment).
- the design parameters and the operating conditions are chosen so that this light liquid stripping effluent, as well as the liquid reflux, which is typically of identical composition, constitutes a product with very low sulfur content (organic) with the required specifications (less than 50 ppm, often less than 30 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm, for example around 5 ppm sulfur).
- a point 95% by weight distilled of P light stripping liquid effluent is often chosen between preferably 200 and 315 ° C, and preferably between 235 and 312 ° C to substantially avoid the presence of heavy fractions of the feed, which in many cases include sulfur products relatively refractory to desulfurization, for example dibenzo-thiophenes, which have been refluxed at the bottom of the column.
- the second reaction step most often has as its main purpose an advanced desulfurization of the heavy fractions of the feed.
- the liquid stripping effluent feed from step a3)
- has a significant sulfur content for example between 50 and 2000 ppm, and often between 100 and 1000 ppm, most often between 100 and about 500 ppm .
- the main advantage of the production and evacuation of a light stripping effluent in large quantities, according to this second variant, is that this greatly reduces the flow rate of the charge of the second reaction step a3), therefore the volume required for the reactor in this stage.
- the most suitable catalysts for step a3) of this second variant of the process according to the invention are the catalysts suitable for deep desulfurization, in particular catalysts of the platinum / palladium on alumina type. It is also possible to use conventional catalysts, for example of the nickel / molybdenum type on alumina, or even other catalysts which can carry out a final desulfurization (at the same time, generally, that a certain dearomatization of the heavy fraction of the charge, supplied in step a3)).
- the stripping column supply temperatures which can be used in this second variant are typically between approximately 220 and approximately 390 ° C., preferably between 270 and 390 ° C., and very preferably between 305 and 390 ° C., for example. example between around 315 and 380 ° C.
- Use is preferably made of a feed temperature of the stripping column having a possible temperature difference of at most 90 ° C, and often at most 70 ° C with the outlet temperature of the first reaction step ai).
- the stripping column is fed after limited cooling (at most 90 ° C, and often at most 70 ° C), or without cooling of the reactor effluent from step ai).
- the two variants described above are not limiting, and the method according to the invention can also be used according to other variants and / or objectives of hydrotreatment and / or catalysts and / or operating conditions.
- the (or the catalysts) which can be used in stage a1) are not limited to conventional catalysts of the cobalt / molybdenum or nickel / molybdenum on alumina type; and the catalyst (s) that can be used in step a3) are not limited to catalysts of the platinum type on alumina or platinum / palladium on alumina or nickel / molybdenum on alumina.
- the process according to the invention can be used with any type of hydrotreating catalyst.
- the flow rates of liquid reflux and of stripping gas which can be used depend strongly on many parameters, including for example in particular the supply temperature of the stripping column. These parameters may preferably be chosen in a coordinated manner. Generally, a stripping gas flow rate of between 2.5 and 520 Nm 3 / m 3 of charge supplied in stage ai) will be used, and often between 5 and 250 Nm 3 / m 3 of charge supplied in stage have). Preferably, this flow rate will correspond to a hydrogen flow rate between 5% and 150%, and preferably 10% to 100% of the hydrogen flow rate consumed in step ai) (assuming all the hydrogen in the gas of stripping consumed).
- the amount of liquid reflux will usually between 0.05 and 1.2 kg / kg, and often between 0.15 and 0.6 kg / kg of charge supplied in step ai).
- Appropriate flow rates of stripping gas and liquid reflux can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art for the desired separation conditions, by simulation of fractionation by computer.
- washing water is injected into the overhead vapors of the stripping column, upstream of the cooling exchanger (and / or of an air cooler) , to capture nitrogen compounds, for example ammonia and ammonium sulfide formed in the reactor; the aqueous phase containing a large part of these undesirable compounds is preferably recovered downstream in a gas / liquid separator flask, also acting as decanter, and discharged.
- each of the loops REC1 and REC2 is supplied with make-up hydrogen in an amount suitable for the hydrogen consumption of this loop.
- the two loops can then operate without purge gas.
- step a3) there is supplied in step a3), at at least one point of the loop REC2, a flow rate of excess hydrogen in excess of the hydrogen requirements of this step a3), and a hydrogen-rich purge gas flow (corresponding to the excess hydrogen) is extracted from the loop REC2, which is sent to at least one point of the loop REC1.
- this purging gas substantially free of impurities since it comes from the loop REC2, provides an additional stripping gas which can advantageously be introduced into the column in the intermediate position, below the effluent inlet of step ai), and above the (optional) inlet of external stripping gas (hydrogen from top-up), of higher purity.
- This purging of the REC2 loop can, in this embodiment of the method according to the invention, represent from 10 to 100%, and in particular from 30 to 100% of the hydrogen requirements of the REC1 loop. In the event that this purge represents 100% of the hydrogen requirements of the REC1 loop, the REC1 loop is only supplied with additional hydrogen by purging the REC2 loop.
- the method according to the invention may advantageously comprise a step a5) of bringing into contact (or contacting) at least part of the hydrotreated liquid fraction resulting from step a4) with at least part of the stream gas flowing in the REC1 loop.
- the effluent from this step a5) is then separated into a liquid contact effluent and a gaseous contact effluent; this gaseous contact effluent is then at least partly recycled in the loop REC1.
- step a3) makes it possible to use the liquid from the second reaction hydrotreatment step (step a3)), after gas / liquid separation, as an absorbent for light hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1, C2, C3, C4) contained in the gas of the REC1 loop, and to increase the hydrogen purity of this REC1 loop: Indeed, step a3), whose feed has been stripped, and which produces relatively few compounds light, operates with a high hydrogen purity, and the liquid resulting from this stage constitutes a good absorbent of light hydrocarbons.
- the method may also further comprise a treatment for at least partial elimination of PH2S contained in at least part of the gas stream flowing in the loop REC1, this treatment being carried out at a point in the loop REC1 generally located downstream of the step a2) stripping and upstream of step a5) contacting.
- This treatment can consist of washing the gas with an amine solution, a technique well known to those skilled in the art or removing H2S by another method known to those skilled in the art.
- Known treatments are, for example, indicated in European patent application EP 1 063 275.
- step ai it is also possible with the process according to the invention, in certain cases (for example when the sulfur content of the feed is not too high or if a relatively low space speed is used in step ai) allowing to compensate for a high sulfur content in the recycling gas of the loop REC1), to have no treatment for removing H2S by washing with amines the recycling gases circulating in the installation.
- the method however comprises one or more treatments carrying out at least partial elimination of PH2S contained in the recycling gases circulating in the loops REC1 and REC2, in which each of this or these treatments consists of the combination of a step of bringing at least part of the recycling gas circulating in the loop REC1 into contact with a liquid hydrocarbon fraction, making it possible to achieve a limited absorption of H2S by this liquid hydrocarbon fraction, followed by a gas / liquid separation step from the mixture resulting from this contacting and a direct evacuation of at least part liquid thus separated (downstream of the process, ie without additional hydrotreatment).
- the liquid hydrocarbon fraction capable of absorbing (and evacuating) PH2S may possibly be a part of the relatively light hydrocarbon liquid phase (typically recovered with a reflux flask) and / or often part or all of the hydrotreated liquid fraction.
- treatment (elimination of H2S) must be, according to this process arrangement, understood in a general sense, therefore comprising in particular a simple contact with a liquid phase making it possible to absorb PH2S by liquid / vapor equilibrium, and not just chemical or physico-chemical treatments such as washing with amino acids.
- the contacting can also be carried out by partial condensation of a liquid hydrocarbon phase, and not only by contacting part or all of the hydrotreated liquid fraction.
- this (optional) process arrangement means that two or more stage hydrotreatment can be used with intermediate stripping with hydrogen under pressure, which may optionally include the use of a noble metal catalyst (for example of the platinum type, or platinum / palladium on alumina) in the second and or last step, without washing the amines with part of the recycling gas.
- a noble metal catalyst for example of the platinum type, or platinum / palladium on alumina
- neither the recycling gas nor the hydrogen makeup (s) is treated by washing with amines according to this optional arrangement of the process according to the invention.
- L ⁇ 2S contained in the gas of the loop REC1 (produced in step ai)) is then evacuated thanks to the contact of this gas rich in H2S by the liquid hydrocarbon fraction, making it possible to absorb PH2S which is then evacuated with the liquid product towards a stripper downstream of the process.
- This absorption by a hydrocarbon liquid internal to the process is less effective than washing with amines and leads to a higher H2S level in the recycling gas of the REC1 loop. By cons it avoids the implementation of an expensive circuit for circulation and regeneration of a solution of amines.
- the loop REC2 separated from REC1 in the process according to the invention, makes it possible not to pass on to the loop REC2 a content of H2S which remains relatively high in the loop REC1 in the absence of any washing with amines.
- a catalyst of the noble metal type can then be used without disadvantage for step a3).
- the processes of the prior part with two stages of hydrotreatment and integrated hydrogen stripper on the contrary all require washing with amines.
- the REC 1 loop often contains water, due to an injection of washing water and / or the presence of water in the load. Because preferential (and often exclusively) make-up hydrogen, generally substantially free of water, such as stripping gas (and / or otherwise a gas with a very low water content, for example less than 5 ppm), a very thorough removal of the water from the liquid stripping effluent is typically obtained. In the case where a purge from the REC1 loop is used towards the REC2 loop, it is preferable to eliminate PH2S from this purge gas, but also more often to dehydrate it, by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- loom for example on a molecular sieve or other solid adsorbent, or by washing with a desiccant liquid, for example diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol, or any other known dehydration process.
- a desiccant liquid for example diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol, or any other known dehydration process.
- the need for this dehydration, and the degree of dehydration desirable depends essentially on the water sensitivity of the catalyst of step a3) (typically high for platinum catalysts, medium for platinum / palladium catalysts, and low for conventional catalysts without noble metal). Adequate conditions for dehydration (if any) can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art.
- Another object of the stripping step in addition to at least partial elimination of multiple impurities, is to remove by stripping a significant part of the light hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1 to C4) present in the effluent. liquid from step ai), before step a3).
- This makes it possible to obtain a Pur2 purity of hydrogen in the REC2 loop greater than the Pur1 purity of hydrogen in the REC1 loop.
- supply of separate hydrogen streams (external to the two loops) separate and of different purity in the two loops REC1 and REC2.
- the loop REC2 is supplied with a stream of make-up hydrogen of higher purity than that of the stream of make-up hydrogen supplying the loop REC1.
- the make-up hydrogen in the REC1 loop has a purity of about 92, or between 88 and 96, and comes at least in part from a catalytic reforming unit
- the make-up hydrogen in the loop REC2 has a purity of 99.9 or more, and comes from a steam reforming unit followed by a separation (purification) step on a molecular sieve or on another solid adsorbent bed, known to a person skilled in the art under the name "PSA", for "Pressure Swing Adsorption” according to English terminology.
- PSA separation
- the differences in purity can be reduced if one or two mixtures of gases of different purities, for example the aforementioned types, are used as make-up (s), with different percentages for each of the make-ups.
- Another technical advantage of the process according to the invention is that it is possible to use loops and reaction steps at possibly very different pressures, which makes it possible to adjust the pressure, in particular that of the second hydrotreatment step a3), at the level optimal wanted.
- a partial hydrogen pressure in step a3) at least 1.35 MPa and at least plus 13.5 MPa to that of stage ai), in particular at least 1.35 MPa and at most 5 MPa greater than that of stage ai).
- step a3 a partial pressure of hydrogen in step a3) greater than that of step ai) by a value between 0 and 1.35 MPa, and in particular between 0.1 and 1.35 MPa.
- the invention also relates to any hydrocarbon fraction from the group of gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, gas oil, vacuum distillate, and deasphalted oil, containing at least one fraction hydrotreated by the process according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 Two embodiments, among the preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are detailed in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 represents a process diagram of a hydrotreatment installation for the production of a first variant of the process according to the invention:
- the charge of the hydrotreatment installation for example a cut of the middle distillate type containing a high proportion, or even 100% of catalytic cracked diesel (LCO)
- LCO catalytic cracked diesel
- the mixture thus formed circulates in line 2, is reheated in the charge / effluent heat exchanger 3 (as well as often in a heat exchanger with the effluent from the step a3), this exchanger not being shown), then is sent by line 4 to the furnace 5 in which its temperature is brought to the temperature required for the first reaction step ai).
- the reaction mixture circulates in line 6, then feeds the hydrotreatment reactor 7, which is typically a reactor with a fixed catalytic bed and downdraft.
- the effluent from this reactor 7 (carrying out the first reaction step ai)) is then sent via line 8 to the charge / effluent exchanger 3, then feeds, via line 9, the stripping column 10.
- This column is also supplied by two sources of stripping gas, rich in hydrogen, which are supplied by lines 34 and 58:
- the gas supplied by line 34 is typically make-up hydrogen, of medium or possibly high purity , and preferably substantially free of impurities such as in particular H2S and / or water vapor.
- This gas can, for example, come from a catalytic reforming and / or steam reforming unit;
- the second stream of stripping gas, supplied by line 58 is optional. This current comes from a possible excess of hydrogen-rich gas (make-up) supplied in step a3); the excess can then be used (in particular) as stripping gas supplied by the line 58. This use of an excess of make-up hydrogen in reaction step a3) increases the purity of the recycling gas in this step.
- the stripping column can also be supplied by other sources of stripping gas not shown in FIG. 1; in particular one could in certain cases supply stripping gas (if it is sufficiently purified) taken from the recycling gas circulating in line 23, and introduce this gas into the column in place of or just above the supply of purge gas from the REC2 loop via line 58.
- the stripping gas or gases supplying column 10 may have been previously dried in a dryer (optional, not shown) to substantially remove the water in the stripping step (more particularly if the catalyst step a3) of hydrotreatment contains a noble metal which is sensitive to water).
- the stripping gas or gases feeding the column 10 may also have been purified beforehand to eliminate possible traces of H2S, for example by adsorption on a zinc oxide bed (optional, not shown) to eliminate more completely PH2S in the stripping step (more particularly if the catalyst in step a3) of hydrotreatment contains a noble metal which is sensitive to P H2S, for example a platinum catalyst).
- the stripping gas is a make-up hydrogen which comes from a catalytic reformer.
- the make-up hydrogen is produced at least partially by steam reforming, it is preferably carried out, after the steam reforming, an almost total elimination of the compounds other than hydrogen, often on molecular sieve (PSA type separation), which allows to obtain hydrogen of very high purity.
- PSA type separation molecular sieve
- a first fraction of this liquid phase is recycled to column 10, as liquid reflux, still by line 15; the residual liquid fraction (if any), or “light liquid stripping effluent” is discharged via line 27 (optional), preferably downstream (ie it is not treated in the step reaction a3)), an aqueous liquid phase, moreover generally containing nitrogenous impurities, discharged via line 26.
- the stripping gaseous effluent, circulating in the line 16 possibly crosses the equipment 17 for at least partial elimination of PH2S contained in this gas.
- This equipment 17 could typically be a washer, or absorber of H2S with an amine solution (the inlet and outlet of the amine solution not being shown); it can also be another device for removing H2S, and / or a device for removing H2S and water.
- This equipment 17 is optional (its usefulness depends on many parameters, in particular on the sulfur content of the feed, and on the space speed used in the first reactor 7, which can, if it is sufficiently low, allow the desired desulfurization in the first step ai) without elimination of H2S by washing with the amines in the loop REC1).
- the liquid effluent from the flask 20, called “contacting liquid effluent” is discharged through line 24, and constitutes a liquid effluent from the hydrotreating installation (another effluent, optional, being the light liquid stripping effluent, possibly evacuated by line 27).
- the gas separated in the balloon 20, or "contacting gaseous effluent" is sent by line 21 to the compressor 22 for recycling gas, then recycled to the inlet of the reaction step ai) via line 23.
- the liquid stripping effluent circulating in the line 41 is pumped by the pump 40, to bring the pressure to a pressure sufficient for the reaction step a3), this pressure being, in this embodiment, greater than that of the step ai).
- the hydrogen-rich recycling gas is added to it, supplied by line 56, then circulates in line 43, passes through the charge / effluent exchanger 44, then circulates in line 45, is heated (to new) in the exchanger (or furnace) 46, then joins the reactor 48 of reaction step a3), via line 47.
- the effluent passes through line 49, passes through exchanger 44 , circulates in line 50, is cooled in the air cooler 51, then circulates in line 52 to reach the gas / liquid separator flask 53.
- the liquid fraction (hydrotreated) is sent in line 59 to be mixed with the circulating gas in line 18 of the loop REC1, and the gaseous fraction is sent by line 54 to the recycling gas compressor 55.
- part of this gaseous fraction is taken and sent by the line (optional) 58 to the lower part of the stripping column 10 (and / or possibly to another point of the loop REC1 by means not shown).
- This make-up hydrogen can consist of hydrogen from a catalytic reforming and / or steam reforming unit (often naphtha or natural gas). It is possible optionally to supply via line 33 hydrogen of higher purity than that of hydrogen supplied by line 34.
- This high purity hydrogen can come from a unit PSA type separation can deliver a hydrogen purity often higher than 99.9. This increases the purity and partial pressure of the hydrogen in the REC2 loop.
- the recycling loop REC1 of step ai) comprises the elements referenced below, by "following the path of the gas”: 21, 22, 23, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8, 3, 9, 10 (upper part of the column, located above the supply 9, the gas supplied rising in the column), 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18 , 19, 20, and again 21 which closes the loop.
- the recycling loop REC2 of step a3) includes the elements referenced below: 54, 55, 56, 57, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 44, 50, 51, 52, 53 , and 54 which closes the loop.
- the excess gas can advantageously be used as gas stripping column 10 (evacuated from the loop REC2 by line 58), this gas being substantially free of impurities.
- the supply of excess make-up gas in the REC2 loop leads to an increase in the purity of the gas in the REC2 loop because the purge extracts from this loop light hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as well as traces of Residual H2S.
- a fraction, or even all of the purge gas from the REC2 loop may possibly be sent by means not shown to a point of loop REC1 (for example of line 23), without passing through the stripping column.
- the two loops REC1 and REC2 are supplied with make-up hydrogen (hydrogen-rich gas) respectively by lines 34 and 33.
- the two make-up hydrogen streams can have a different purity.
- the hydrogen supplied by line 34 in the REC1 loop can optionally come from a catalytic reformer and have an average purity, for example between 88 and 96.
- the hydrogen supplied by line 33 in the REC1 loop can optionally and preferably come of a steam reforming unit, followed by a PSA type separation, and having a very high purity, for example 99.9.
- the two loops REC1 and REC2 could however be supplied from a common line, not shown, by an additional hydrogen of identical purity.
- the installation may also include other elements not reproduced in FIG. 1, and for example: - one or more lines of quenching gas, or “quench” gas according to Anglo-Saxon terminology, coming from points on the line 23, and supplying the reactor 7 in the intermediate position (in one or more zones located between two consecutive catalytic beds),
- the installation may also include a pipe for discharging purge gas from a point in the REC1 loop, and / or a pipe for introducing make-up hydrogen at a point in the REC1 loop without passing through the stripping column (for example at line 23).
- the loop REC2 could include elements not reproduced in FIG. 1, and for example one or more lines of quench gas, coming from points on line 56, and supplying the reactor 48 in the intermediate position (zone between catalytic beds).
- the installation can also include an evacuation of purge gas from a point of the loop REC2, without this purge gas feeding the loop REC1.
- the exchanger 46 of the loop REC2 could be the oven 5 itself (or also a part of this oven, in particular a part of the convection zone of the oven). It is also possible and often used to preheat the feed of step ai) and / or the make-up hydrogen with the effluent of step a3), and / or to preheat the recycling gas of the loop REC2 by the effluent from step a3), and / or recovering heat from the effluent at the top of the column 10, upstream from the air cooler 12.
- the effluent from the reactor of stage ai) can be cooled in an exchanger (or several exchangers).
- This cooling (for all the exchangers if several exchangers are used) can be significant, for example often between around 90 ° C and 200 ° C in the first variant of the process according to the invention. It can also be limited to often at most 90 ° C, generally at most 70 ° C in the second variant of the process according to the invention, so as to maintain a high temperature at the inlet of the stripping column.
- This effluent can also be reheated to a limited extent in an oven before feeding the stripping column.
- the liquid stripping effluent (or the heavy liquid stripping effluent) can optionally be reheated in a heat exchanger and / or an oven, before feeding the reactor of reaction step a3), or optionally cooled to a limited extent before feeding this reactor.
- the stripping column 10 can also include a reboiler for the bottom of the column liquid, not shown in FIG. 1.
- the effluent from reactor 7 of step ai) can be fed directly to the stripping column, (without heat exchange), and / or feed the reactor of step a3) directly (without heat exchange) with the liquid stripping effluent,
- Hydrotreatment reactors (7, 48) are typically reactors with a fixed catalytic bed and downdraft for gas and liquid. It would not be departing from the scope of the invention if one or more of the reactors were of another type or of several other types, in particular of the moving bed type, or of the bubbling bed type (due to the introduction gas), or with a fluidized bed (by recycling gas), or with a fixed or mobile bed and upward current for the gas and downward for the liquid.
- FIG. 2 represents a process diagram of another hydrotreatment installation for the production of a second variant of the process according to the invention, with the same references for the elements common to the two figures 1 and 2:
- the first difference with the installation of FIG. 1 relates to the pumping means, linked to the pressures of the various reaction stages. Unlike the installation in Figure 1, the installation in Figure 2 uses a lower pressure in step a3) than in step ai). There is therefore no need for a pump to transfer the liquid stripping effluent through line 41.
- a pump 60 is used to transfer at least part of the hydrotreated liquid fraction, circulating in line 61 , towards step a5) of contacting, or contacting with the recycling gas of the loop REC1, via line 59.
- Another part of the hydrotreated liquid fraction can optionally be evacuated directly downstream (without contacting) , via line 62.
- Another difference concerns the purge gas sampling point (optional) evacuated by line 58.
- This point is moved downstream of the recycling compressor 55, in order to facilitate the return of purge gas to the loop REC1 (the pressure balance being different in the installation of figure 2). If the pressure in the loop REC2 and in particular at the discharge of the compressor 55 is lower than that of all the points of the loop REC1, it is generally preferable not to send purge gas from the loop REC2 to the loop REC1, which would require an additional compressor (except possibly if a common compressor is used, necessary for another use for example for supplying make-up gas in the loop REC1).
- the loop REC2 comprises, arranged on line 56, an optional equipment 61 for purifying the recycling gas to eliminate if necessary traces of H2S, for example a bed of adsorbent with zinc oxide.
- This bed can optionally operate at a higher temperature than the outlet temperature of the recycling compressor, using a heater not shown.
- the absorbent bed 61 could also be integrated into the reactor 48.
- the optional equipment 61 for purifying the recycling gas can comprise a washing column with an aqueous solution of amines.
- figure 2 The other elements of figure 2 are identical to those of figure 1. One could also, for the installation of figure 2, use options or technical modifications such as those described for the installation of figure 1 without leaving the part of the invention.
- the installation for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feedstock for the implementation of the process according to the invention comprises:
- a first hydrogen recycling loop REC1 comprising at least a first hydrotreatment reactor (7), connected downstream to a column (10) for stripping under pressure the liquid effluent from the reactor by a rich gas in hydrogen, the head of the column (10) being connected to a means (12) for cooling and partial condensation of the gas stream coming from the column (10), this means of cooling and partial condensation being connected downstream to a first gas / liquid separator (14), itself connected to the suction of a first recycling compressor (22), the discharge of this first compressor being connected to the first hydrotreatment reactor (7), - A second hydrogen recycling loop REC2, separate from the REC1 loop, this loop comprising at least a second hydrotreatment reactor (48), this reactor being connected upstream to the bottom of the stripping column (10), for hydrotreating the liquid effluent from the bottom of the stripping column (10), and connected downstream to a second liquid gas separator (53), itself connected to the suction of a second recycling compressor (55 ), the discharge of this second compressor being connected to the second hydrotreatment reactor (48
- the loop REC2 is supplied with hydrogen by one or more supply means (33), each of these supply means (33) being connected upstream exclusively to one or more external hydrogen sources.
- the installation can also include at least one conduit (58) for supplying in the loop REC1 a stream of purge hydrogen from the loop REC2, this conduit being connected upstream to a point of the loop REC2 and downstream at a point in the REC1 loop.
- the installation may also include a first means (34) for supplying an external hydrogen stream of relatively low purity to the REC1 loop, and a second means (33) for supplying a current d relatively high purity external make-up hydrogen to the REC2 loop.
- the stripping column includes above its feed a rectification zone having a separation efficiency of at least 1 theoretical plate, for example between 2 and about 20 theoretical plates, and often 4 to 15 theoretical theoretical plates included.
- the installation can also include a conduit (27) for discharging downstream a light liquid stripping fraction, this conduit being connected upstream to the first gas / liquid separation means (14).
- the various supply and / or discharge means typically comprise at least one conduit, and may also include one or more valves and / or measuring and / or regulating members, for example flow and / or temperature.
- Example 1 Charge treated: aromatic catalytic cracking diesel (LCO) with the following characteristics:
- Aromatics content 60% by weight
- VVH hourly space speed
- Catalyst LD 402 platinum type catalyst on alumina, sold by the company
- step a3) is essentially a hydrogenation.
- the charge contains 10 ppm of sulfur, 5 ppm of nitrogen, and 27% by weight of aromatics.
- Example 1 At the end of the stripping step, about 99% by weight of the fraction of the charge boiling above 150 ° C. is recovered at the bottom of the stripping column.
- the installation of Example 1 therefore operates according to the first variant of the method according to the invention.
- the final product, split at the end of the installation, has the following characteristics:
- Example 1 uses a higher pressure for the first reactor than for the second. This example could therefore be carried out in an installation of the type of that of FIG. 2.
- the preceding results correspond to an installation diagram such as that of FIG. 2, but keeping step a5) of contacting upstream of the gas / liquid separator 20, as indicated in FIG. 1.
- Example 1 all of the relatively light hydrocarbon liquid phase separated in the gas / liquid separator 14 is used as reflux in the stripping column.
- the purity of the hydrogen leaving the reactor of the first stage ai) is 63.26, while it is 80 leaving the reactor of the second reaction stage a3). This makes it possible to have a partial pressure of 6.8 MPa at the outlet of the reactor of step a3) greater than the partial pressure of the hydrogen at the outlet of the reactor of stage one ai), which is 6.2 MPa, while c 'is the reverse order for total pressures.
- the feed supplied in step a3) is completely rid of impurities such as H2S, NH3, H2O (less than 5 ppm for each of these compounds) and more than 99% by weight of light hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms present at the end of step ai).
- impurities such as H2S, NH3, H2O (less than 5 ppm for each of these compounds) and more than 99% by weight of light hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms present at the end of step ai).
- Example 1 identical to that of Example 1, The design of the installation is made to obtain the same quality of charge at the end of the first step, and the same final product as in the installation of Example 1 This installation also performs stripping with recovery at the bottom of the column of approximately 99% by weight of the fraction boiling above 150 ° C, and also works according to the first variant of the process according to the invention.
- Stripping column inlet temperature 220 ° C
- Stripping column inlet pressure 7.0 MPa
- Catalyst LD 402 platinum type catalyst on alumina, sold by the company
- Example 2 uses a higher pressure for the second reactor than for the first. This example can therefore be carried out in an installation of the type of that of FIG. 1.
- the purity of the hydrogen leaving the reactor of the first stage ai) is 79.45 while it is 94.73 leaving the reactor of the second reaction stage a3).
- step ai lower pressures in step ai), for example absolute pressures between 3.8 and 6.2 MPa, while the pressure of step a3) could be 1.2 to 4.5 MPa higher than that of step ai).
- stage ai catalysts with double noble metal, or compound of noble metal, for example of the platinum / palladium on alumina type and / or any type of catalyst resistant to traces of sulfur (and / or to carry out an elimination of these traces of sulfur in the REC2 loop).
- the process according to the invention makes it possible, for various loads and product specifications, to eliminate in the most efficient manner possible all the pollutants present in the first hydrotreatment stage, and to optimally use the best available catalysts for the second stage (high hydrogen partial pressure and minimum level of impurities), and this with high energy efficiency, without requiring consumption of stripping vapor.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002222019A AU2002222019A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Two-step method for middle distillate hydrotreatment comprising two hydrogen recycling loops |
DE60130045T DE60130045T2 (de) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Zweistufiges verfahren zur hydrierbehandlung von mitteldestillaten mit zwei wasserstoffrückführungsschleifen |
PCT/FR2001/003685 WO2003044132A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens en deux etapes comprenant deux boucles de recyclage d'hydrogene |
EP01274749A EP1451269B1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens en deux etapes comprenant deux boucles de recyclage d'hydrogene |
JP2003545758A JP2005509728A (ja) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | 2つの水素リサイクルループを含む、中間留出物を水素化処理するための2段プロセス |
AT01274749T ATE370213T1 (de) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Zweistufiges verfahren zur hydrierbehandlung von mitteldestillaten mit zwei wasserstoffrückführungsschleifen |
US10/496,568 US7384540B2 (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Two-step method for middle distillate hydrotreatment comprising two hydrogen recycling loops |
KR1020047007845A KR100813773B1 (ko) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | 2개의 수소 재순환 루우프를 포함하는 중간 증류물의수소화처리 2 단계 방법 |
ES01274749T ES2292537T3 (es) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Procedimiento de hidrotratamiento de destilados medios en dos etapas que comprende dos bucles de reciclado de hidrogeno. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/003685 WO2003044132A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens en deux etapes comprenant deux boucles de recyclage d'hydrogene |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003044132A1 true WO2003044132A1 (fr) | 2003-05-30 |
Family
ID=8861278
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2001/003685 WO2003044132A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillats moyens en deux etapes comprenant deux boucles de recyclage d'hydrogene |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7384540B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1451269B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005509728A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100813773B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE370213T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2002222019A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60130045T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2292537T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003044132A1 (fr) |
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WO2006079030A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Processus d'hydrotraitement de distillats a gestion d'hydrogene amelioree en deux etapes |
RU2670449C1 (ru) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева Российской академии наук (ИНХС РАН) | Способ получения высокоплотного реактивного топлива (варианты) |
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US7575670B1 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2009-08-18 | Uop Llc | Process for the production of low sulfur diesel from an asphaltene-containings feedstock |
US20090313890A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-24 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Diesel composition and method of making the same |
US20100160699A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Frey Stanley Joseph | Method for efficient use of hydrogen in aromatics production from heavy aromatics |
US8424181B2 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2013-04-23 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High pressure revamp of low pressure distillate hydrotreating process units |
US8202480B2 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2012-06-19 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for separating pitch from slurry hydrocracked vacuum gas oil |
US8540870B2 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-09-24 | Uop Llc | Process for separating pitch from slurry hydrocracked vacuum gas oil |
US8231775B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2012-07-31 | Uop Llc | Pitch composition |
US20110094937A1 (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-04-28 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction Process |
CN103827268B (zh) | 2011-07-29 | 2016-05-18 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 选择性中间馏分加氢处理方法 |
CN104011181B (zh) * | 2011-11-04 | 2017-02-15 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 具有集成中间氢分离和纯化的加氢处理和芳烃饱和方法 |
US9150470B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2015-10-06 | Uop Llc | Process for contacting one or more contaminated hydrocarbons |
US20140174988A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Hydroprocessing configuration for low sulfur diesel |
EP2999770A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-20 | 2016-03-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procédé de saturation de composés aromatiques pour diesel en deux étapes faisant appel à un catalyseur métallique commun |
KR102325718B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-20 | 2021-11-12 | 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. | 중간 스트리핑 및 베이스 금속 촉매를 이용한 2단계 디젤 방향족 포화 공정 |
US9902912B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2018-02-27 | Uop Llc | Hydrotreating coker kerosene with a separate trim reactor |
CN103937544B (zh) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-11-18 | 抚顺新瑞催化剂有限公司 | 生物质油催化加氢制备高十六烷值柴油组分的方法 |
US10273420B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2019-04-30 | Uop Llc | Process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbons stream |
US11028326B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2021-06-08 | Uop Llc | Process for hydrotreating a residue stream with hydrogen recycle |
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- 2001-11-22 WO PCT/FR2001/003685 patent/WO2003044132A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-22 AT AT01274749T patent/ATE370213T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-22 KR KR1020047007845A patent/KR100813773B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-22 DE DE60130045T patent/DE60130045T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-22 JP JP2003545758A patent/JP2005509728A/ja active Pending
- 2001-11-22 EP EP01274749A patent/EP1451269B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-22 US US10/496,568 patent/US7384540B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-22 AU AU2002222019A patent/AU2002222019A1/en not_active Abandoned
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---|---|
US20050167334A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
EP1451269B1 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
KR20040096494A (ko) | 2004-11-16 |
US7384540B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 |
DE60130045T2 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
ES2292537T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
ATE370213T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
KR100813773B1 (ko) | 2008-03-13 |
DE60130045D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
AU2002222019A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
JP2005509728A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
EP1451269A1 (fr) | 2004-09-01 |
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