WO2003031322A1 - Procédé permettant de préparer un complexe cobalt-proteine - Google Patents
Procédé permettant de préparer un complexe cobalt-proteine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003031322A1 WO2003031322A1 PCT/JP2002/010127 JP0210127W WO03031322A1 WO 2003031322 A1 WO2003031322 A1 WO 2003031322A1 JP 0210127 W JP0210127 W JP 0210127W WO 03031322 A1 WO03031322 A1 WO 03031322A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- apoferritin
- solution
- complex
- ions
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 102000000546 Apoferritins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 108010002084 Apoferritins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 27
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 53
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- -1 Co2+ ion Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910018920 CoO(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000008857 Ferritin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108050000784 Ferritin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000008416 Ferritin Methods 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000034953 Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSBNPUNXBGVNNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[Co+] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[Co+] RSBNPUNXBGVNNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000008351 acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023321 Ceruloplasmin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000724254 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000029797 Prion Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003398 denaturant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000034238 globular proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005896 globular proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000000291 glutamic acid group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002885 histidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002784 hot electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/401—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/4011—Multistep manufacturing processes for data storage electrodes
- H01L29/40117—Multistep manufacturing processes for data storage electrodes the electrodes comprising a charge-trapping insulator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing microparticles, and more particularly to a method for producing a Cobaltau protein complex containing cobalt microparticles, and related techniques.
- biosensors such as those using enzymes and other proteins, have already been put into practical use.
- apoferritin is a protein that exists widely in the living world and plays a role in regulating the amount of iron, an essential trace element in living organisms.
- the complex of iron or iron compounds with apoferritin is called ferritin.
- Excess iron is stored in the body in the form of ferritin, since iron is harmful to the body if it is present in the body more than necessary.
- Furitin releases iron ions as needed and returns to apoferritin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of apofuritin.
- apoferritin 1 is a globular protein having a molecular weight of about 46,000 in which 24 monomer subunits formed from one polypeptide chain are assembled by non-covalent bonds. It has a diameter of about 12 nm and shows higher thermostability and higher pH stability than ordinary proteins.
- the iron ions when divalent iron ions are incorporated into apoferritin 1, the iron ions enter through channel 3 and are oxidized in a part called ferrooxidase center (iron oxidation active center) in some subunits. 4 and is concentrated in the negatively charged region on the inner surface of the holding unit 4. Then, the iron atom is 3 0 0 0-4 0 0 to 0 set, Ferihai dry bets (5 F e 2 0 3 ⁇ 9 ⁇ 2 0) is held by the holder 4 in crystalline form.
- the diameter of the fine particles containing metal atoms held in the holding section 4 is substantially equal to the diameter of the holding section 4, that is, about 6 nm.
- the diameter of the fine particles composed of these metals or metal compounds is also substantially equal to the diameter of the holding portion 4 of apoferritin, that is, about 6 nm.
- a negatively charged amino acid is exposed on the surface of channel 3 (see Fig. 1) connecting the outside and inside of apoferritin 1 under conditions of pH 7 to 8, and the positively charged F e 2 + ions are incorporated into channel 3 by electrostatic interaction.
- a large amount of glutamic acid residue, an amino acid residue with a negative charge at pH 7 to 8 is exposed on the inner surface of holding section 4 of apoferritin 1, and is taken in from channel 3.
- the Fe 2 + ions thus obtained are oxidized in the ferroxidase center and led to the internal holding unit 4. Then, the iron ions are concentrated by electrostatic interaction, Ferihai dry bets (5 F e 2 0 3 ⁇ 9 H 2 0) nucleation of crystals Oko You.
- iron ions sequentially taken in adhere to the nuclei of the crystal, and nuclei composed of iron oxide grow, and fine particles having a diameter of 6 nm are formed in the holding section 4.
- the above is an outline of the uptake of iron ions and the formation of fine particles composed of iron oxide.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide a method for obtaining a Connort-protein complex containing cobalt fine particles having a uniform particle size.
- the Co 2+ associating agent By using the Co 2+ associating agent, the Co 2+ ions are concentrated inside the protein. For this reason, the reaction between the Co 2+ ion and the oxidant occurs preferentially inside the protein. At this time, by adjusting the solution to a desired pH using a pH buffer, the reaction between the Co 2+ ion and the oxidizing agent is prevented from proceeding in the opposite direction, and the cobalt fine particles included in the protein are reduced. Prevents dissolution into solution. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a cobalt-protein complex containing cobalt fine particles having a uniform particle size.
- the above-mentioned pH buffer and the above-mentioned Co 2+ associating agent are preferably both HEPES.
- HEPES has a function as a pH buffer and a function as an associative agent for Co 2 + ions. Therefore, there is no need to separately prepare a pH buffer and a Co 2+ associating agent.
- the protein may be apoferritin.
- the oxidizing agent may be configured is H 2 ⁇ 2.
- Cobalt present invention a method for manufacturing a protein complex, and Co 2 + ions, and Apofu Werichin the steps of: (a) preparing a solution containing the HEPES, by adding H 2 0 2 in the solution, (B) encapsulating fine particles containing cobalt in the apoferritin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of apoferritin.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for producing the cobalt-apoferritin complex of the first embodiment. It is one chart.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the state of the reaction solution.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the cobalt-apoferritin complex obtained in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of apoferritin obtained by performing the method of Embodiment 1 using a TAP buffer instead of a HEPS buffer.
- 6A to 6D are process cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory cell of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a process cross-sectional view showing a method of arranging and fixing the dot bodies two-dimensionally on the surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a method of arranging and fixing the composites two-dimensionally on the surface of the substrate. Best Embodiment
- the first problem is that the pH is adjusted by dropping NaOH into the apoferritin solution without using a buffer. In the portion of the apoferritin solution to which NaOH was dropped, the NaOH concentration rapidly increased locally and the pH increased. Therefore, the function of adjusting the pH may not be sufficient. Therefore, it is considered that the reaction of the above chemical reaction formula 1 proceeds in the reverse direction, and the conoreto microparticles included in the cobalt-apoferritin complex are dissolved in the solution.
- the second problem is that NaOH is used.
- NaOH is a powerful protein denaturant. Therefore, in the portion of the apoferritin solution to which NaOH has been dropped, the NaOH concentration may suddenly increase locally, and apoferritin may be denatured. For this reason, apoferritin may not be able to exhibit its original properties, that is, apoferritin may not be able to sufficiently retain cobalt microparticles.
- the third problem is that it is difficult to do on an industrial scale.
- NaOH is added dropwise while adding a very small amount of a cobalt nitrate solution and a hydrogen peroxide solution to an apoferritin solution.
- the reaction is easy if the total volume of the reaction solution is about 20 to 50 ml.
- cobalt nitrate, hydrogen peroxide and NaOH are added to the apoferritin solution respectively. The time it takes to do so becomes very long. It is also very difficult to uniformly diffuse cobalt nitrate, hydrogen peroxide and NaOH into large amounts of apoferritin solution. Therefore, it is not practical.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for producing the cobalt-apofuritin complex of the present embodiment.
- a reaction solution is prepared by mixing each solution in the order of HEPES buffer, apoferritin solution, and Co2 + ion solution (for example, cobalt nitrate solution). .
- step St 2 adding an oxidizing agent (for example Eta 2 ⁇ 2) to the reaction solution.
- an oxidizing agent for example Eta 2 ⁇ 2
- cobalt hydroxide CoO (OH)
- OH cobalt hydroxide
- the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted to a range of about 7.5 to 9.0.
- the pH of the reaction solution is in the range of about pH 8.0 to 8.8, a large amount of negatively charged amino acid residues are exposed on the inner surface of the holding section 4 of apoferritin 1, so that C o 2+ ions Is led to the holding unit 4. Therefore, fine particles made of cobalt hydroxide (CoO (OH)) are likely to be formed on the holding portion 4 of the apoferritin 1.
- Table 1 below shows the formation state of the cobalt fine particles at each pH.
- the HEPE S concentration in the reaction solution may be any concentration as long as the change in pH is sufficiently small even if cobalt hydroxide (CoO (OH)) precipitates.
- a HEPES buffer having a concentration of 9 OmM or more may be used.
- the concentration of apoferritin in the reaction solution is adjusted to be in the range of 0.1 to 1 mg / ml (about 0.2 to 2 / M). In particular, about 0.5 mgZml (1 ⁇ M) is preferable.
- the concentration of Co 2+ ions is adjusted according to the apoferritin concentration.
- the concentration of Co 2+ ion is preferably about 1,000 to 5,000 times the apoferritin concentration, and particularly preferably about 2,000 to 3,000 times.
- the Co 2+ ion may be added at a higher concentration than the above concentration.However, when the Co 2+ ion is added at a higher concentration, the formation of CoO (OH) outside the apoferritin holding portion becomes severe, and this precipitate The cobalt-apoferritin complex may be involved and the recovery rate may be reduced.
- the apoferritin concentration is 0.5 mgZml (approximately 1 zM)
- a concentration of 2-3 mM Co 2+ ions is added.
- any compound may be used to add the Co 2 + ion, ammonium cobalt sulfate or cobalt nitrate is particularly preferred.
- ammonium cobalt sulfate or cobalt nitrate is used, a Co 2 + — HE PES aggregate described later is easily formed, and the reaction does not proceed rapidly (does not react explosively).
- Step St1 the final concentration of HEPE S is 3 OmM (pH 8.8), the final concentration of apoferritin is 0.5 mg / ml (1 ⁇ . ⁇ ), and C ⁇ 2 +
- the reaction solution is prepared so that the final ion concentration is 5 mM.
- step St2 0.01 to 3% of hydrogen peroxide solution is added in an amount of about 1 to 2 equivalents of cobalt ion. For example, when the Co 2+ ion is 2 mM, the H 2 O 2 is added so that the final concentration is in the range of 1 mM to 2 mM.
- Apoferritin may be denatured by the addition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide. For this reason, it is effective to add a salt to stabilize apoferritin. It is a salt, for example, Na 2 S_ ⁇ 4 but like, may be other than a salt. In the case of producing a cobalt-apofuritin complex, the presence of C 1-ions is an obstacle (C 1-ions stabilize Co 2 + ions and inhibit the formation of CoO (OH). Therefore, it is preferable to use a salt containing no C1.
- the salt concentration may be added at 1 OmM or more, but in the case of Na 2 SO 4 , experimental results show that about 30 mM to 15 OmM is sufficient for stabilization.
- reaction solution is a pink solution represented by Co z + ions.
- step St 2 when Co 0 (OH) is generated by the addition of the hydrogen peroxide solution, the color changes to an intermediate color between brown and green exhibited by the Co 3+ ion.
- the reaction solution may be heated to about 40 ° C to 70 ° C in order to proceed the reaction promptly. This allows the reaction to be completed in several hours to overnight.
- apoferritin particles become unstable at 70 ° C. or higher, it is preferable to heat to room temperature to about 70 ° C. In particular, it is preferable to heat the reaction solution to about 50 to 60 ° C.
- the temperature may be raised to about 80 to 100 ° C. This is because the crystallinity of the generated CoO (OH) is improved under the above temperature conditions.
- step St 2 to a final concentration 2 mM of H 2 0 2, adding the reaction solution to a final concentration of Na 2 S 0 4 is 75 mM, the reaction solution 50 ° C It is heating up.
- buffers do not affect chemicals in solution.
- HEPES buffer used in this embodiment it is considered that HEPES interacts with Co 2+ ion to form a Co 2+ — HEPES aggregate.
- the state in the reaction solution at this time is considered to be an equilibrium state shown in the following chemical reaction formula 2.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the state of the reaction solution at this time.
- step St 1 when a reaction solution using water is used instead of the HEPES buffer solution, when hydrogen peroxide water is added, as shown in the above chemical reaction formula 1, Co 2 + The ions react immediately, forming the Co 3+ ion compound CoO (OH). CoO (OH) is insoluble and precipitates immediately, resulting in all Co 2 + ions being CoO (OH) precipitates.
- H 2 0 2 is, Co 2 + is a state where the C o 2 + ions and HEP ES in association - to acid the HE PES aggregate Is considered impossible. Therefore, outside of apoferritin, C 0 2 + ions in the aqueous solution are slightly oxidized by H 2 0 2 to precipitate CoO ( ⁇ H).
- Co 2 + ions are supplied from the Co 2 + — HEPES aggregate, and are concentrated by the negative charge of the holding unit 4 of apofuritin 1.
- the formation of CoO (OH) proceeds in the holding section 4, and a conopretotoapoferritin complex is formed.
- step St2 Next, the operation after step St2 will be described.
- Step St 2 the reaction solution obtained in Step St 2 is placed in a container, and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 to 30 minutes using a centrifuge to remove the precipitate. Subsequently, the supernatant liquid after removing the precipitate is further centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes to precipitate and remove unnecessary aggregates in which the cobalt-apoferritin complex has aggregated. At this time, the conoreto-apoferritin complex is present in the supernatant in a dispersed state.
- the cobalt-apoferritin complex solution is centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes to precipitate ferritin aggregates in the solution. Then, the buffer component of the solution is replaced by dialysis with a Tris buffer solution (pH 8.0, 10 to 50 mM, containing 15 OmM NaCl).
- the cobalt-apoferritin complex solution is filtered through a gel filtration column to obtain a cobalt-apofritin complex solution.
- An erythin complex is obtained.
- the cobalt-apofuritin complex is stored in a suitable solution.
- the pH of the apoferritin solution can be adjusted to a desired pH by adjusting the pH using a buffer solution. Therefore, the reaction of the above chemical reaction formula 1 can be prevented from proceeding in the reverse direction, and the cobalt fine particles included in the cobalt-apoferritin complex are prevented from being dissolved in the solution. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a cobalt-apoferritin complex containing cobalt fine particles having a uniform particle size can be obtained.
- the oxidizing agent in this embodiment, the cobalt-apoferritin complex can be added simply by adding the oxidizing agent without paying special attention to uniformly diffuse EO). Therefore, the method for producing the cobalt-apoferritin complex of the present embodiment is relatively easy to carry out on an industrial scale.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the cobalt-apoferritin complex obtained according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows that CoO (OH) is taken into the inside (holding part) of apoferritin, as typically indicated by arrows.
- FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of apoferritin obtained by performing the method of the present embodiment using a phosphate buffer or a TAPS buffer instead of the HEPES buffer. Comparing Fig. 5 and Fig. 4, Fig. 5 shows that CoO (OH) is not incorporated into the inside of apoferritin (retention part), as typically shown by the arrow. I understand. In other words, when using a phosphate buffer, the apoferritin holding part
- HEPES used in the present embodiment is a buffer and also functions as an associating agent that associates with Co 2+ ions. Therefore, if different reagents are used as the buffer and the associating agent instead of the HE PES buffer used in the present embodiment, the cobalt containing the fine particles of cobalt having a uniform particle size can be obtained as in the present embodiment. One apoferritin complex is obtained.
- the buffer is, for example, a TAPS buffer, a Tris buffer, a phosphate buffer, or the like, and the associating agent is cyclodextran, crown ether, elixir, etc., the same as in the present embodiment. The effect of is obtained.
- apofuritin is used as the protein into which cobalt is introduced, but other proteins capable of retaining metal particles inside (for example, Dps protein, CCMV protein, etc.) may be used instead. .
- H 2 0 2 as the oxidizing agent may be used in place of other conventional oxidation agents.
- it can be used for KMn0 4, K 2 Cr 2 0 7, HN_ ⁇ 3, instead of the HC 10, NaC H 2 0 2 10 or the like as an oxidizing agent.
- nonvolatile memory cell including a dot body formed using the cobalt-apofrichtin composite manufactured in Embodiment 1 as a floating gate will be described.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D show a method of manufacturing the nonvolatile memory cell of the present embodiment.
- an element isolation oxide film 102 surrounding an active region is formed on a p-type Si substrate 101 by a LOCOS method, and then functions as a tunnel insulating film on the substrate.
- Gate oxide film 103 is formed by a thermal oxidation method.
- a dot body 104 made of metal or semiconductor fine particles having a particle size of about 6 nm is formed on the substrate. The method of forming the dot body 104 on the substrate will be described later.
- an SiO 2 film for filling the doping body 104 is deposited on the substrate by a sputtering method or a CVD method.
- an A1 film is deposited on the substrate.
- a photoresist mask P r 1 the S i 0 2 film and A 1 film A 1 electrodes 106 made of a silicon oxide film 105 and the control gate electrode patterning a row of connexion inter-electrode insulating film Form.
- the dot body 104 thereon is also removed at the same time.
- impurity ions are implanted using the photoresist mask and the A1 electrode 106 as masks to form first and second n-type diffusion layers 107a and 107b.
- the formation of the interlayer insulating film 108, the contact hole 109 opening in the interlayer insulating film 108, and the implantation of tungsten into the contact hole 109 are performed by a known method.
- the formation of the tungsten plug 110 by embedding and the formation of the first and second aluminum wirings 111a and 111b are performed.
- the p-type Si substrate is used as the substrate.
- an n-type Si substrate may be used, and a substrate made of a compound semiconductor such as GaAs or other semiconductors may be used. Good.
- the cobalt-apofuritin complex 150 (hereinafter abbreviated as a complex in the present specification) 150 obtained in the first embodiment is prepared. Coalescing 150 is placed on the surface of substrate 130. Thus, a composite film in which the composite 150 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 130 with high density and high precision is formed. Note that the substrate 130 is a process shown in FIG.
- a gate oxide film 103 functioning as a tunnel insulating film is formed on a substrate by a thermal oxidation method after an element isolation oxide film 102 surrounding an active region is formed by a COS method. The same applies to the following description.
- the dot molecules 104 are formed on the substrate 130 by removing the protein molecules 140 of the complex 150 and leaving only the conjugate fine particles 104a. I do.
- JP-A-45990 The method described in JP-A-45990 will be described with reference to FIG.
- a liquid 160 in which the complex 150 is dispersed (in this embodiment, an equivalent volume of a phosphate buffer solution having a concentration of 40 mM and H5.3 and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride having a concentration of 40 mM) is used.
- a liquid 160 in which the complex 150 is dispersed in this embodiment, an equivalent volume of a phosphate buffer solution having a concentration of 40 mM and H5.3 and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride having a concentration of 40 mM.
- PBLH Poly-1-Benzil-L—Histidine
- a polypeptide film 100 made of PBLH is formed on the surface of the liquid 160.
- the pH of the liquid 160 is adjusted.
- the composite 150 adheres to the polypeptide film 170 over time, and a two-dimensional crystal of the composite 150 is formed. This is because the composite film 150 has a negative charge while the polypeptide film 100 has a positive charge.
- the substrate 130 is placed (floated) on the polypeptide film 170, and the polypeptide film 170 is attached to the substrate 130.
- the substrate 130 to which the two-dimensional crystal of the complex 150 has adhered can be obtained via the polypeptide film 170. Cut.
- protein molecules are generally vulnerable to heat
- removal of protein molecules 140 of complex 150 is performed by heat treatment. For example, when the mixture is allowed to stand at 400 to 500 ° C. for about 1 hour in an inert gas such as nitrogen, the protein molecules 140 and the polypeptide membrane 17 in the case of method 1 are obtained. 0 is burned off, and fine cobalt particles 104 a remain two-dimensionally on the substrate 130 as a dot body 104 that is regularly arranged with high density and high precision.
- the cobalt fine particles 104a held by the composite 150 are caused to appear two-dimensionally on the substrate 130, and the density is high. Dots 104 arranged with high precision can be formed.
- the memory cell 100 of the present embodiment has an A 1 electrode 106 functioning as a control gate, and first and second n-type diffusion layers functioning as a source or a drain. It has a MOS transistor (memory cell transistor) consisting of 107a and 107b, and the threshold voltage of the memory transistor is determined by the amount of charge stored in the dot body 104 functioning as a floating gate. It is a non-volatile memory cell that utilizes the change.
- MOS transistor memory cell transistor
- This non-volatile memory cell can function as a memory for storing binary values, but by controlling not only the presence / absence of charges stored in the dot body 104 but also the amount of stored charges, it is A multi-valued memory can also be realized.
- an FN (Fowler-Nordheim) current through an oxide film or a direct tunneling current is used.
- FN current For writing data, FN current, direct tunneling current or channel hot electron (CHE) injection through an oxide film is used.
- CHE channel hot electron
- the floating gate is made of cobalt fine particles having a small particle size that can function as a quantum dot, the amount of accumulated charge is small. Therefore, the amount of current at the time of writing and erasing can be reduced, and a low power consumption nonvolatile memory cell can be configured.
- a floating gate is formed. Since the size of the cobalt fine particles is uniform, the characteristics at the time of charge injection and extraction are uniform among the cobalt fine particles, and control can be easily performed in these operations.
- a cobalt-protein complex containing cobalt fine particles having a uniform particle size can be obtained.
- the method for producing a cobalt-protein complex of the present invention is used for producing an apparatus requiring an ultrafine pattern, particularly for producing an ultrafine electronic device such as a nonvolatile memory cell including a dot body as a floating gate.
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
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- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE60210311T DE60210311T2 (de) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kobaltproteinkomplexes |
EP02772954A EP1433743B1 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-27 | Method for preparing cobalt-protein complex |
US10/644,774 US7223847B2 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2003-08-21 | Method for producing cobalt-protein complex |
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JP2001305273A JP3588602B2 (ja) | 2001-10-01 | 2001-10-01 | コバルト−タンパク質複合体の作製方法 |
JP2001/305273 | 2001-10-01 |
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US10/644,774 Continuation US7223847B2 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2003-08-21 | Method for producing cobalt-protein complex |
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WO2003031322A1 true WO2003031322A1 (fr) | 2003-04-17 |
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PCT/JP2002/010127 WO2003031322A1 (fr) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-27 | Procédé permettant de préparer un complexe cobalt-proteine |
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US (1) | US7223847B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1433743B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3588602B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE321731T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60210311T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003031322A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2007032241A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-03-22 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 微粒子-タンパク質複合体およびその作製方法、半導体装置、蛍光標識方法 |
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WO2006132050A1 (ja) | 2005-06-07 | 2006-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 酸化亜鉛-タンパク質複合体の製造方法 |
JP5989442B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-30 | 2016-09-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | 量子ドット粒子およびその製造方法、ならびに太陽電池 |
KR102225790B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-08 | 2021-03-11 | 나가세 상교오 가부시키가이샤 | 금속 내포 바구니형 단백질의 제조 방법 |
Citations (1)
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WO1991002704A1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-07 | Monsanto Company | Ferritin analogs |
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US6180389B1 (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 2001-01-30 | The Research And Development Institute, Inc. | Virion-constrained nanoparticles comprising a plant virion coat protein shell and encapsulated guest molecules |
EP1550633B1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2011-02-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Method for preparing nano-particles |
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2001
- 2001-10-01 JP JP2001305273A patent/JP3588602B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
- 2002-09-27 DE DE60210311T patent/DE60210311T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO1991002704A1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-07 | Monsanto Company | Ferritin analogs |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
DOUGLAS T. AND STARK V.T.: "Nanophase cobalt oxyhydroxide mineral synthesized within the protein cage of ferritin", INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 39, no. 8, 17 April 2000 (2000-04-17), pages 1828 - 1830, XP002961044 * |
MELDRUM F.C. ET AL.: "Magnetoferritin: in vitro synthesis of a novel magnetic protein", SCIENCE, vol. 257, 24 July 1992 (1992-07-24), pages 522 - 523, XP000676756 * |
YANG X. AND CHASTEEN N.D.: "Ferroxidase activity of ferritin: effects of pH, buffer and Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations on Fe(II) autoxidation and ferroxidation", BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 338, no. 3, 15 March 1999 (1999-03-15), pages 615 - 618, XP002961045 * |
Cited By (1)
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WO2007032241A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-03-22 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 微粒子-タンパク質複合体およびその作製方法、半導体装置、蛍光標識方法 |
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JP2003113198A (ja) | 2003-04-18 |
JP3588602B2 (ja) | 2004-11-17 |
EP1433743A4 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
DE60210311T2 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
ATE321731T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
US20040158047A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US7223847B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
DE60210311D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
EP1433743A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
EP1433743B1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
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