Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
  • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
  • Y10T442/3984—Strand is other than glass and is heat or fire resistant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to textile fabrics containing
• the invention relates to the use of these textile fabrics for the production of heat protection clothing and fire protection clothing, and to the use of these textile fabrics in vehicles and rooms at risk of fire.
• Flame retardant fabrics and nonwovens are used in heat and fire protection clothing, but also in fire-prone vehicles and rooms, e.g. as fire protection in the upholstery of seats, as flame-resistant mattress covers, wall coverings and tapes. Because of the strong mechanical stress e.g. for seat cushions in public transport and aircraft or for wall coverings in cinemas and theaters, the fabrics or nonwovens should be durable and have a high abrasion resistance.
• Fire protection fibers such as those based on aramid (e.g. Twaron® from Akzo-Nobel, Kevlar® and Nomex® from DuPont, Technora® from Tei in) show good heat and fire protection, but due to their hardness when used in clothing they have poor th comfort or for fixed use, for example in Wegpol ⁇ die trains an unpleasant feel (bad "feel to the touch”). They also have inadequate abrasion resistance.
• aramid e.g. Twaron® from Akzo-Nobel, Kevlar® and Nomex® from DuPont, Technora® from Tei in
• EP-A 874 079 discloses heat and flame-retardant fabrics which contain a mixture of melamine fibers and aramid fibers.
• DE-A 195 23 081 discloses fiber mixtures of 10 to 90 parts by weight of melamine fibers and 10 to 90 parts by weight of natural fibers, as well as the fabrics produced therefrom.
• DE-A 196 17 634 discloses flame-resistant fabrics made from melamine fibers, optionally flame-resistant fibers, and normally inflammable fibers such as wool, cotton, polyamide, polyester and viscose. Flame retardant polyesters are not mentioned.
• EP-A 976 335 discloses fabrics made from 10 to 90% by weight of cotton fibers, 5 to 45% by weight of polyamide or polyester fibers and 5 to 45% by weight of melamine fibers. In the examples, normal (non-flame-retardant) polyester fibers are used.
• textile fabrics should be provided that combine good fire and heat protection, good wearing comfort and a pleasant grip.
• textile fabrics should be provided that guarantee good fire protection even after numerous cleaning and care operations.
• the textile fabrics should have a high abrasion resistance and be compatible with the environment.
• Texttile fabrics should be understood to mean all textile fabrics, regardless of their manufacturing process. Such textile fabrics are e.g. Fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, tuftings, felts and nonwovens.
• flame-retardant In order to check the burning behavior or the extent of the flame resistance of a material, the material is exposed to an external ignition source, e.g. a flame, under defined conditions (e.g. type, size, geometry and arrangement of the material sample and the ignition source, flame temperature, duration of flame treatment). After removing the ignition source, the behavior of the Materials observed, e.g. slow or fast burning, self-extinguishing, burning or melting dripping, smoldering, development of toxic gases, development of smoke, etc.
• an external ignition source e.g. a flame
• defined conditions e.g. type, size, geometry and arrangement of the material sample and the ignition source, flame temperature, duration of flame treatment.
• Fiber retardant should be understood to mean that the material - the fiber or the textile fabric - is non-flammable or only continues to burn very slowly, or is self-extinguishing.
• the flame resistance can be inherent, that is, it can be due to the chemical composition of the fiber or the structure of the textile fabric. This is e.g. the case with aramid fibers or glass fibers.
• the flame resistance can be achieved by treating the fibers, the yarn or the textile fabric with a flame-retardant agent, or - often preferred - by using a flame-retardant agent in the manufacture of the fiber.
• the agent can be incorporated into the fiber during manufacture.
• Reactive phosphorus compounds are particularly suitable as flame retardants, e.g. Afflamit®, Pyrovatex®, Proban® or Secan®.
• the textile fabrics contain according to the invention
• the melamine fibers used according to the invention can be produced, for example, by the processes described in EP-A 93 965, DE-A 23 64 091, EP-A 221 330 or EP-A 408 947.
• Particularly preferred melamine fibers contain 90 to 100 mol% of a mixture consisting essentially of 30 to 100, preferably 50 to 99, particularly preferably 85 to 95, in particular 88 to 93 mol, mela in and 0 to 70 as monomer building block (A), preferably 1 to 50, particularly preferably 5 to 15, in particular 7 to 12 mol%, of a substituted melamine I or mixtures of substituted melamines I.
• the particularly preferred melamine fibers contain 0 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 9.5, in particular 1 to 5 mol%, based on the total number of moles Monomer building blocks (A) and (B), a phenol or a mixture of phenols.
• the particularly preferred melamine fibers are usually obtainable by reacting components (A) and (B) with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-providing compounds and subsequent spinning, the molar ratio of melamines to formaldehyde being in the range from 1: 1.15 to 1: 4 , 5, preferably from 1: 1.8 to 1: 3.0.
• the preferred hydroxy-C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkyl groups are hydroxy-C 2 -Cg-alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, 5-hydroxy-n-pentyl, 6-hydroxy-n-hexyl, 3-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethylpropyl, preferably hydroxy-C -C 4 -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2 -Hydroxyisopropyl and 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, particularly preferably 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyisopropyl.
• amino-C 2 -C 2 -alkyl groups preference is given to amino-C 2 -C 8 -alkyl groups, such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 5-amino-pentyl, 6-amino-hexyl, 7 Aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, particularly preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, very particularly preferably 6-aminohexyl, into consideration.
• amino-C 2 -C 8 -alkyl groups such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 5-amino-pentyl, 6-amino-hexyl, 7 Aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, particularly preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, very particularly preferably 6-aminohexyl,
• Substituted melamines which are particularly suitable for the invention are the following compounds:
• melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyethylamino group such as 2- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -4, 6-diamino-l, 3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -6-amino-l, 3,5-triazine, 2,4, 6-tris (2-hydroxyethylamino) -1,3, 5-triazine, melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyisopropylamino group, such as 2- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -4, 6-diamino-l, 3,5-triazine , 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -6-amino-l, 3,5-triazine 2,4,6-tris (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -1,3,5-triazine, with the 5- Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino group-substituted melamines, such as 2- (5-hydroxy-3
• Suitable phenols (B) are one or two phenols containing hydroxyl groups, which are optionally substituted with radicals selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and hydroxy, and C 1 -C 4 -alkanes, di (hydroxyphenyl) substituted with two or three phenol groups ) sulfones or mixtures of these phenols.
• Possible preferred phenols are: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy- phenyDpropane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, particularly preferably phenol, resorcinol and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
• Formaldehyde is generally used as an aqueous solution with a concentration of, for example, 40 to 50% by weight or in the form of compounds which, when reacted with (A) and (B), give formaldehyde, for example as oligomeric or polymeric formaldehyde solid form, such as paraformaldehyde, 1, 3, 5-trioxane or 1,3, 5, 7-tetroxane.
• melamine fibers usually melamine, optionally substituted melamine and optionally phenol are polycondensed together with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-providing compounds. You can put all the components in at the very beginning or you can react them in portions and successively and use the formed pre-condensates subsequently add further melamine, substituted melamine or phenol.
• the polycondensation is carried out in a manner known per se (see EP-A 355 760, Houben-Weyl, vol. 14/2, pp. 357 ff).
• the reaction temperature is generally chosen in a range from 20 to 150, preferably from 40 to 140 ° C.
• the reaction pressure is usually not critical.
• the procedure is generally in the range from 100 to 500 kPa, preferably under atmospheric pressure.
• the reaction can be carried out with or without a solvent.
• a solvent As a rule, no solvent is added when using aqueous formaldehyde solution.
• formaldehyde bound in solid form water is usually chosen as the solvent, the amount used generally being in the range from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 15 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers used.
• the polycondensation is generally carried out in a pH range above 7.
• the pH range is preferably from 7.5 to 10.0, particularly preferably from 8 to 9.
• alkali metal sulfites e.g. Sodium disulfite and sodium sulfite
• alkali metal formates e.g. Sodium formate
• alkali metal citrates e.g. Add sodium citrate, phosphates, polyphosphates, urea, dicyandiamide or cyanamide. They can be added as pure individual compounds or as mixtures with one another, each in bulk or as an aqueous solution before, during or after the condensation reaction.
• modifiers are amines and amino alcohols, such as diethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or 2-diethylaminoethanol.
• Fillers or emulsifiers can be considered as further additives.
• fillers it is possible, for example, to use fibrous or powdered inorganic reinforcing agents or fillers, such as glass fibers, metal powder, metal salts or silicates, for example kaolin, talc, heavy spar, quartz or chalk, and also pigments and dyes.
• the usual nonionic, anion-active or cation-active organic compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals are generally used as emulsifiers.
• the polycondensation can be carried out batchwise or continuously, for example in an extruder (see EP-A 355 760), according to methods known per se.
• the melamine resin according to the invention is generally spun in a manner known per se, for example after adding a hardener, usually acids, such as formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride, at room temperature in a rotary spinning machine and the raw fibers are then cured in a heated atmosphere or spinning in a heated atmosphere, evaporating the water used as a solvent and curing the condensate.
• a hardener usually acids, such as formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride
• the fibers obtained are generally predried, optionally stretched and then cured at 120 to 250 ° C.
• the fibers are usually 5 to 25 ⁇ m thick and 2 to 2000 mm long.
• Suitable melamine resins are e.g. commercially available as Basofil® from BASF.
• Polyesters are understood to mean homopolymers, copolymers, mixtures and graft polymers of synthetic long-chain polyesters which have recurring ester groups in the polymer main chain as an essential component.
• Preferred polyesters are esters of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with an aliphatic dihydroxy compound, so-called polyalkylene arylates, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
• Such polyalkylene arylates can be obtained by esterifying or transesterifying an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its esters or ester-forming derivatives with a molar excess of an aliphatic dihydroxy compound and and polycondensing the transesterification or esterification product obtained in a known manner.
• Preferred dicarboxylic acids are 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid or mixtures thereof.
• Up to 30 mol%, preferably not more than 10 mol%, of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids can be replaced by aliphatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, azelaic acid, Sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acids and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids can be replaced.
• diols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in particular 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, 5-methyl-l , 5-pentanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol and neopentyl glycol or mixtures thereof are preferred.
• polyesters are polyalkylene terephthalates which are derived from alkane diols having 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms. Of these, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate or mixtures thereof are preferred in particular.
• polyethylene terephthalates and polybutylene terephthalates which contain up to 1% by weight, based on the polyester, preferably up to 0.75% by weight, 1, 6-hexanediol and / or 5-methyl-l, 5- Contain pentanediol as further monomer units.
• Such polyalkylene terephthalates are known per se and are described in the literature. They contain an aromatic ring in the main chain, which comes from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
• the aromatic ring can also be substituted, for example by halogen such as chlorine and bromine or by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl groups such as
• a molar excess of diol is usually used for the reaction in order to influence the ester balance in the desired form.
• the molar ratios of dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid ester: diol are usually 1: 1.1 to 1: 3.5, preferably 1: 1.2 to 1: 2.2. Molar ratios of dicarboxylic acid: diol from 1: 1.5 to 1: 2 and diester diol from 1: 1.2 to 1.5 are very particularly preferred.
• catalysts are titanium compounds and tin compounds as are known, inter alia, from US-A 3936421 and US-A 4329444.
• preferred compounds are tetrabutyl orthotitanate and triisopropyl titanate and tin di-octoate.
• polyester fibers All conventional textile fibers made from the aforementioned polyesters can be used as polyester fibers. Such fibers are known.
• polyester fibers are usually produced by the melt-spinning or extrusion process, after which they are hot drawn. Subsequent heat treatment can make them highly crystalline and low-shrink.
• the person skilled in the art can find details on polyester fibers in Ulimann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, Vol. 11, 4th Edition, p. 305, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978, and the monograph Z. Rogowin, Chemiefaser, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 1982, p. 259-285.
• Suitable polyester fibers are commercially available, for example, as Trevira ® fibers from Trevira GmbH and Teretal ® fibers from Montefibre.
• the polyester fibers of the weft thread can be identical to or different from the polyester fibers of the warp thread.
• the weft may contain PET fibers and the warp PBT fibers, or vice versa.
• the polyester fibers are flame-retardant. Flame resistance is achieved by treating the fibers and / or the yarn with flame retardants, or - preferably - by using flame retardants in the manufacture of the polyester fibers, i.e. the flame retardant is incorporated into the fiber during fiber production.
• reactive phosphorus compounds come into consideration, for example Afflamit ® from the company. Thor Chemicals, Pyrovatex ® from Messrs. Ciba, Proban ® from Messrs. Albright and Wilson, Secan ® from Messrs. Stu- mer. Polyphosphonates are also suitable.
• Halogen compounds in particular bromine compounds such as 2,2-bis (4,4'-hydroxyethoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, are also suitable as flame retardants.
• the treatment of the fibers or yarns with the flame-retardant agents or the use of the flame-retardant agents in fiber production is done in a manner known per se.
• the flame-retardant agents are usually used in a total amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the flame-retardant polyester fibers B) (that is, based on the sum of normal, non-flame-retardant polyester fibers and flame-retardant agents).
• Flameproof polyester fibers are commercially available, for example, as Trevira ® CS fibers from Trevira GmbH and Dacron ® from DuPont.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can optionally also contain up to 40% by weight of further flame-resistant fibers C) which are different from polyester.
• the proportion of the further flame-retardant fibers C) is preferably up to 30, particularly preferably up to 25% by weight.
• Aramid fibers, flame-resistant viscose fibers and flame-resistant modacrylic fibers are particularly suitable as further flame-resistant fibers other than polyester.
• Aramid fibers are preferred by spinning solutions of polycondensation products of iso- or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, such as acid chlorides, with para- or meta-phenylenedia in solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, hexa-ethyl-phosphoric acid triamide, concentrated sulfuric acid or their usual mixtures , manufactured.
• the continuous fibers obtained are then usually cut into staple fibers, the thickness of which is generally 5 to 25 mm.
• Preferred aramid fibers are those based on an isomeric poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (Kevlar®, US Pat. No. 3,671,542) or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide (No-Mexico®, US Pat. No. 3,287,324).
• Viscose fibers are preferably spun from cellulose using the viscose process: wood pulp (cellulose) is treated with sodium hydroxide solution. The alkali cellulose obtained is pressed, crushed and left to stand in air. The alkali cellulose pre-matured in this way is treated with carbon disulphide CS 2 , producing cellulose xanthate. The xanthate is dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution to form a viscous spinning solution (so-called viscose). The spinning solution is filtered and stored.
• the spinning solution which has been ripened in this way is pumped through spinnerets into a spinning bath containing sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate and zinc sulfate, in which the viscose coagulates to form fine cellulose threads.
• the threads are stretched if necessary, then washed and post-treated.
• the person skilled in the art will find further details on viscose fibers in the aforementioned book by Z. Rogowin, pp. 76-197.
• Modacrylic fibers are preferably obtained by straight-chain copolymerization of acrylonitrile with vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride.
• the acrylonitrile content is 35 to 85, especially 50 up to 85% by weight. Further details on modacrylic fibers can be found in the book by Z. Rogowin, pp. 293-313.
• the viscose fibers or modacrylic fibers are flame-resistant. Flame resistance is achieved by treating the fibers and / or the yarn with flame retardants, or - preferably - by using flame retardants in the manufacture of the fibers, i.e. the flame retardant is incorporated into the fiber during fiber production.
• the flame-retardant agents which can be used are those mentioned for the flame-retardant polyester fibers B).
• the treatment of the fibers or yarns with the flame-retardant agents or the use of the flame-retardant agents in the manufacture of fibers takes place in a manner known per se.
• the flame-retardant agents are usually used in a total amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the flame-resistant fibers C) (that is, based on the sum of normal, non-flame-resistant fibers and flame-retardant agent).
• Flame retardant viscose fibers are e.g. B. as viscose FR from Lenzing in the trade.
• Flame retardant modacrylic fibers are e.g. B. as Kanecar® SYCM from Kanebo Corp. available.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can optionally also contain up to 25% by weight of fibers D) which are not flame-resistant.
• the proportion of non-flame-resistant fibers D) is preferably up to 20, in particular up to 10% by weight.
• All fibers come into consideration as non-flame-resistant fibers, e.g. B. natural fibers and polyamide fibers.
• Naturally occurring fibers based on cellulose such as cotton, wool, linen or silk, are used as natural fibers.
• those fibers based on cellulose that are of natural origin should also count, but according to known and customary procedures are modified or treated.
• cotton or wool in particular are natural fibers, with cotton belonging to the group of vegetable fibers.
• wool is understood to mean all coarse and fine animal hair.
• Polyamide fibers are made from various types of polyamide (PA), especially PA-66 and PA-6, and also from PA-11 and PA-610, by melt spinning or extrusion. Then they are stretched hot or cold.
• PA-6 is polycaprolactam
• PA-66 is made up of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid units.
• PA-11 is composed of 11-aminoundecanoic acid, PA-610 of hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid.
• the person skilled in the art can find details on polyamide fibers in Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, vol. 11, 4th edition, p. 315, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1978.
• Polyamide fibers as non-flame-resistant fibers D) are preferred. Suitable polyamide fibers are e.g. from BASF, DuPont and Rhodia.
• Textile fabrics are e.g. Fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, tufts, felts and nonwovens.
• An intimate fiber mixture is produced from the fibers in the usual way.
• the processing of the fiber mixtures is carried out as is known, for example as described in the above-mentioned book by Albrecht, section 4, pp. 139ff.
• Fabrics are usually made from yarn.
• the various types of fibers are usually premixed as a flake and spun into yarns using the known processes customary in the textile industry. Depending on the area of application, these yarns can then be further processed into various types of fabrics.
• the textile fabrics are preferably selected from fabrics and nonwovens. Nonwoven fabrics are particularly preferred. Nonwovens and their manufacture, as well as nonwoven sewing processes, are described in Albrecht's monograph.
• a nonwoven fabric is a fabric made from fibers that has been consolidated in different ways.
• Nonwovens are to be understood to mean all flat textile composites made of nonwovens, in particular consolidated nonwovens.
• Nonwovens can be made by different methods, e.g. B. as dry nonwovens, wet nonwovens, or spunbonded
• Dry fleeces can e.g. are produced according to the carding process by means of carding or carding, wherein a plurality of fiber webs formed on carding are layered on top of one another in several layers to form a fleece. They can also be produced by the aerodynamic process, in which the previously opened fibers are deposited by an air stream on a continuously moving screen surface, on the underside of which the air is sucked off.
• wet nonwovens are produced in a manner similar to papermaking by dispersing the fibers in water, applying the suspension to a moving sieve belt, the water being filtered off and the nonwoven being formed, and then solidifying the nonwoven.
• Spunbonded nonwovens are produced from polymer granules, which are first plasticized in the extruder and the melt formed is spun into filaments. The filaments are stretched and laid down to form a fleece, which is then solidified.
• the solidification can e.g. B. with chemical agents through binders that "glue" the fibers together.
• the chemical agents can be used continuously (by impregnation, coating, spraying, printing) or discontinuously.
• the hardening can also take place by the action of heat (thermally), for example by calendering, hot air hardening or ultrasound. Suitable fibers are "melted” and connected to each other in this way (strengthening of cohesion).
• the consolidation can take place mechanically (frictional consolidation), for example by needling, stitching, sewing or fleece or swirling.
• Particularly preferred nonwovens are needle-punched nonwovens and nonwovens which have been mechanically consolidated in a known manner by stitch formation using threads or fibers.
• Nonwovens which have been produced using the known nonwoven sewing processes are particularly suitable.
• Also particularly suitable are nonwovens which have been consolidated in a known manner by means of high-energy (for example high-pressure) water jets.
• the insertion of needles perpendicular to the surface of the fleece causes fibers or filaments of the fleece to be reoriented from the horizontal to the vertical, thereby forming puncture channels.
• the resulting friction lock solidifies the fleece.
• the sewing or fleece work combines sewing (piercing and connecting surfaces) and knitting (simultaneous formation of stitches from threads or fibers). Thread stitches are formed when sewing and fiber stitches are formed when nonwoven is woven.
• fleece-processing sewing processes a distinction is made (in brackets the respective product): the fleece sewing process (Maliwatt), the stitch-fleece process (Malivlies), the pile fleece process with a base web (Voltex) and without a base web (Kunit), the stitch-fleece-knitting process with double meshing (Multiknit) and the stitch-fleece-knitting process for connecting two flat structures (Kunit-layer-binding process, KSB). See Fig. 6-33 on p. 305 of Albrecht's book.
• the textile fabrics can be given a finish, in particular heat, oil, dirt and / or moisture repellent finish.
• the fabric can be impregnated or coated with the finishing agent.
• suitable equipment are single or double-sided layers of metal, such as aluminum.
• Metal layers of this type which are usually applied in a thickness of, for example, 5-200 ⁇ m, preferably 10-100 ⁇ m, so that the flexibility of the fabric or fleece is not adversely changed, protect against fire, the effects of heat, in particular the radiant heat, soot and extinguishing agents , such as water and extinguishing foam or extinguishing powder.
• metallized fabrics or nonwovens are suitable for the production of protective suits for heavy fire and heat protection.
• metalation is usually carried out by vapor deposition of metal on the fabric or fleece in a high vacuum (see Ulimanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 3rd ed., Vol. 15, p. 276 and the literature cited there). It is also possible to glue thin metal foils onto the fabric or fleece.
• Metal foils of this type generally consist of a polymeric carrier foil which is coated with a thin metal film. They preferably contain a polymeric carrier based on polyester.
• the metallized foils can be applied on one side or preferably on both sides to the fabric or fleece according to the invention, for example by means of an adhesive or by hot calendering
• Various manufacturers used for the coating of fabrics or nonwovens e.g. Gentex Corp., Carbondale PA, USA; CFPloucquet GmbH & Co, D-89522 Hei ⁇ denheim; Darmitzer GmbH, D-46485 Wesel).
• the textile fabrics according to the invention from metallized yarns or fibers.
• the yarns are preferably coated with aluminum in layer thicknesses in the range from 10 to 100 ⁇ m, the fibers have metal coatings from 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
• Such yarns or fibers can be produced, for example, based on the processes described in DE-AS 27 43 768, DE-A 38 10 597 or EP-A 528 192.
• suitable finishing are water-repellent hydrophobic layers applied on one or two sides to the fabric or fleece.
• Such layers preferably consist of materials containing polyurethane and / or materials containing polytetrafluoroethylene.
• Such coatings are already known from the prior art for improving weather protection for textiles (see Ullmann's encyclopedia of technical mie, 5th edition, Vol A26, pp. 306-312, and Lexikon für Textilveredelung, 1955, pp. 211 ff). These coatings can be designed in such a way that water vapor can diffuse through the layer, while at the same time liquid water or similar fire extinguishing products and combustion products cannot penetrate them or can penetrate them only insignificantly. These coatings are usually glued or calendered to the fabric or nonwoven as polymer films.
• water-repellent, oil and / or dirt-repellent compounds hydrophobic or oleophobic finish.
• Such compounds are known to the person skilled in the art as textile auxiliaries (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., Vol. A26, pp. 306-312).
• water-repellent compounds are metal soaps, silicones, organofluorine compounds, e.g. Salts of perfluorinated carboxylic acids, polyacrylic acid esters of perfluorinated alcohols (see EP-B-366 338 and the literature cited therein) or tetrafluoroethylene polymers. The latter two polymers in particular are also used as oleophobic finishes.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention combine good fire and heat protection, good wearing comfort and a pleasant grip. These advantageous properties are retained even after numerous cleaning and care operations.
• the fabrics also have high abrasion resistance and are environmentally friendly.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can be used for the production of heat protection clothing and fire protection clothing.
• This also includes work protective clothing, welding protective clothing and protective clothing for work in the steel industry (blast furnace) and chemical industry (chemical reactors).
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can also be used in vehicles and rooms at risk of fire, for example in seating and reclining furniture, in mattress covers, wall coverings and wallpapers.
• upholstery fabrics for fire-retardant seat covers, fabrics for curtains, wall coverings, ceiling coverings and wallpaper in airplanes, buses, railway, tram and subway cars, cable car cabins, cinemas, theaters, event halls, etc. are only examples. These uses are also the subject of the invention.
• Different Maliwatt fleeces were produced from different fiber mixtures in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
• the individual fibers were mixed on a conventional fiber processing plant from Trützschler (Mönchengladbach) and fed to a carding machine from Spinnbau (Bremen).
• the wadded web obtained was processed in the usual way into a Maliwatt fleece with a basis weight of 185 g / m 2 using a system from Mayer (Obertshausen).
• the following staple fibers were used.
• the first number indicates the titer in dtex, the second number the stack length in mm.
• PES I The commercially available flame-resistant polyester fiber Trevira ® CS 1.7 / 38 from Trevira GmbH was used.
• PES II The commercially available flame-resistant polyester fiber Trevira ® CS 2.4 / 50 from Trevira GmbH was used.
• PES III The commercially available non-flameproof polyester fiber Dacron ® 1.7 / 48 from DuPont was used.
• PA A commercially available non-flame retardant polyamide fiber 1.7 / 60 from Rhodia was used. It was made of polyamide
• the fire tests were carried out as a test of the burning behavior according to DIN ISO 6941: 1995-04, edge and surface flame treatment.
• the flame exposure time was 15 s.
• nonwovens according to the invention containing melamine and flame-resistant polyester fibers showed high flame resistance and no burning droplets.
• Examples 4 and 6 show that the blend of small amounts In ⁇ non-flame resistant fibers - nylon in Example 4 and non-flame-resistant polyester in Example 6 - not changed this advantageous property profile.

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• 2001
  • 2001-07-16 DE DE10133787A patent/DE10133787A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
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  • 2002-07-05 BR BR0211242-6A patent/BR0211242A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-05 MX MXPA04000420A patent/MXPA04000420A/es unknown
  • 2002-07-05 US US10/483,156 patent/US20040219852A1/en not_active Abandoned
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