GB2571264A - Breathable, heat-reflecting textile articles - Google Patents

Breathable, heat-reflecting textile articles Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2571264A
GB2571264A GB1802578.3A GB201802578A GB2571264A GB 2571264 A GB2571264 A GB 2571264A GB 201802578 A GB201802578 A GB 201802578A GB 2571264 A GB2571264 A GB 2571264A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fibres
heat
yarns
filaments
threads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1802578.3A
Other versions
GB201802578D0 (en
Inventor
Kumar Aggarwal Nikhil
James Mackenzie Scott Alexander
William Mark Crane Richard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heathcoat Fabrics Ltd
Original Assignee
Heathcoat Fabrics Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heathcoat Fabrics Ltd filed Critical Heathcoat Fabrics Ltd
Priority to GB1802578.3A priority Critical patent/GB2571264A/en
Publication of GB201802578D0 publication Critical patent/GB201802578D0/en
Publication of GB2571264A publication Critical patent/GB2571264A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/003—Fire-resistant or fire-fighters' clothes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
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    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0246—Acrylic resin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/04—Cellulosic plastic fibres, e.g. rayon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/08—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
    • D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/14—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

A breathable, heat-reflecting textile article comprises a fabric consisting of a network of fibers, filaments, yarns or threads of at least one heat-resistant material, wherein the surfaces of at least some of the fibres have a coating of deposited metal. In a preferred embodiment the deposited metal is selected from aluminium, silver and gold. The fibres are preferably formed of carbon, aramid polymers (such as Kevlar (RTM)), polyphenylene benzobisoxazole (such as Zylon (RTM)) or polybenzimidazole (PBI). Preferably the fibres are also at least partially covered by a durable water repellent coating such as a polyfluorocarbon. The textile article has particular usefulness in the construction of breathable, heat-reflecting, light and durable garments for firefighters and others who work in close proximity to fires.

Description

BREATHABLE, HEAT-REFLECTING TEXTILE ARTICLES
The present invention relates to breathable, heat-reflecting textile articles and to the use of a breathable, heat-reflecting fabric in the manufacture of articles of clothing.
The ability of fire fighters, rescue workers and military personnel to work in and around fires depends on the protection provided to them by the garments they are wearing. Such garments must, of course, be flameresistant and provide a high level of thermal insulation. These garments must also have a low weight and be sufficiently flexible to enable their wearers to work for long periods of time in hazardous conditions.
For a fire fighter working in close proximity to a fire, it is essential for his or her protective clothing to reflect away as much radiant heat as possible and not conduct this through to his or her body. Many attempts to provide heat radiation reflective clothing have been made in the past. US 2,759,522 discloses a heat radiation reflecting heat resistant material for the manufacture of firefighting heat protective apparel which comprises a flexible heat resistant base sheet, a layer consisting of aluminium particles applied to the base sheet and connected therewith by an adhesive material layer, and at least one aluminium top foil covering the aluminium particles-carrying adhesive material layer. US 4,502,153 discloses fire fighters’ apparel which comprises a thermal liner which includes a vapour barrier layer of substantially moisture impermeable material which contains a thermallyreflective metallic layer. Although apparel according to such teachings may have a degree of heat reflectability, it is not, unfortunately, porous such that air and moisture can escape from the vicinity of the wearer’s body. If a fire fighter’s clothing is not breathable, his or her body can overheat which is not only uncomfortable for the wearer but, more importantly, can be dangerous to the health of the fire fighter working in extreme temperatures.
The need for air-permeability in heat-insulating sheet material useful in clothing was addressed in GB 446,943. According to this document, an airpermeable heat-insulating sheet material for clothing comprises a fabric, on one or both sides of which is cemented a metal foil, such as aluminium foil, that is provided with perforations. A major problem with garments that contain such a sheet material is that they lack durability. A fire fighter’s garment, due to the work carried out by its wearer, is subjected to much flexing and creasing during wear. Furthermore, such a garment has to be washed and worn many times during its lifetime. Repeated flexing, creasing and washing of a garment comprising a sheet of aluminium foil, perforated or not perforated, can cause the aluminium foil to become detached from the other parts of the garment and reduce its heat-reflective properties. Garments containing sheets of aluminium foil, thus, have an in-built lack of durability.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a garment for fire fighters and others who work in close proximity to fires that is breathable, heat-reflecting, light and durable.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a breathable, heatreflecting textile article which comprises a fabric consisting of a network containing fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of at least one heat-resistant material, wherein the surfaces of at least some of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads have a coating of deposited metal.
The textile article of the present invention is rendered radiant heatreflective by the presence on the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of the deposited metal coating. It is rendered heat-resistant by the presence, in the fabric, of fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of heat-resistant material. The textile article is strong, but is light and can be subjected to the stresses and strains caused by use for extended periods of time without loss of heatreflective properties. In addition, textile articles according to the invention exhibit improved tensile strength and improved shade stability after UV exposure.
The textile article of the invention comprises a fabric consisting of a network containing fibres, filaments, yarns or threads. According to a preferred embodiment, the fabric is a knitted fabric or a woven fabric. By the term “knitted fabric” we mean a fabric that is made by intertwining fibres, filaments, yarns or threads in a series of connected loops. By the term “woven fabric” we mean a fabric that is made by interlacing long fibres, filaments, yarns or threads passing in one direction with others in a direction that is roughly at right angles to them. The fabric consists of fibres, filaments, threads or yarns, of at least one heat-resistant material. Preferably all of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of the fabric are formed of a heat-resistant material. By the term “heat-resistant” we mean the ability to resist and remain substantially unaffected by exposure to heat. The fibres, filaments, yarns or threads used to make the heat-resistant material will, themselves, be heatresistant.
Many materials, from which fibres, filaments, yarns and threads can be produced, having heat- and flame-resistance are known to the person skilled in the art. Typical heat-resistant materials for use in the present invention include carbon, modacrylics, cellulosics, especially flame retardant-treated cellulosics, aramids, especially para-aramid, polyphenylene benzobisoxazoles (PBO) and polybenzimidazoles (PBI). Preferably, the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of the textile article of the present invention are formed of paraaramid, i.e. polyparaphenylene terephthalate, such as is available under the name Kevlar (RTM).
As stated above, according to the present invention, the surfaces of at least some of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads in the textile article have a coating or layer of a deposited metal. According to an embodiment, all of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads in the textile article have a coating or layer of a deposited metal. By the term “deposited metal” as used in connection with the present invention, we mean metal that has been deposited onto the surfaces of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads by a physical vapour deposition (PVD) process.
Physical vapour deposition of a metal onto a solid substrate generally involves high temperature vacuum evaporation of the metal with subsequent condensation of the metal on the surface of the solid substrate. Evaporated atoms of the metal travel through the evacuated space between the metal source and the solid substrate. Physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques generally produce thin, uniform and durable coatings, layers or films on the surface of the substrate. In the present invention, the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of the textile are subjected to PVD before or after being incorporated into the textile.
Metals used for coating the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads by a PVD technique include aluminium, copper, zinc, silver and gold. According to an embodiment, the metal is selected from aluminium, silver and gold. Preferably, the metal deposited on the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads is aluminium, due to its low density and relatively low cost. Aluminium, when exposed to air, forms a protective layer of oxide on its surface which does not impede its heat-reflecting properties. Typically, the deposited metal is present on the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads in an amount of 4% to 10% by weight based on the weight of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads.
According to an embodiment, the coating of the deposited metal has, on its surface, a layer or film of a substance which improves the water, oil, gasoline and soil repellancy of the textile article. This substance, which may comprise one compound or a composition containing two or more compounds, preferably also provides protection of the deposited metal so as, for instance, to increase the wash durability and/or resistance to abrasion of the metallized fabric. Typically, a layer of a polyfluorocarbon is provided on the surface of the deposited metal coating to improve the repellancy of the textile and to increase wash durability and abrasion resistance. Typically, these polyfluorocarbons are perfluorinated compounds, such as C6 to C8 perfluoroalkanes in which the “C6” or “C8” indicates the number of carbon atoms in the perfluoroalkyl chain. In addition, or as an alternative to the above, another compound which adds a Durable Water Repellant (DWR) finish can be used to treat the metallized fabric or metallized textile article.
According to an embodiment, the metal coating is itself coated with a layer of C6 perfluorinated compound.
The layer of polyfluorocarbon and/or other substance may be applied to the surface of the deposited metal via pad finishing, i.e. by running the fabric consisting of the metal-coated fibres, filaments, yarns or threads through a bath containing the polyfluorocarbon and/or other substance and then applying pressure to the fabric, using rollers, to cause the polyfluorocarbon and/or other substance to penetrate into the fabric.
The textile articles of the invention are typically articles of clothing, especially protective garments for fire fighters, military personnel, rescue workers or persons who work close to furnaces. Examples of such protective garments include gloves, hoods, jackets and trousers.
The present invention in another aspect further provides the use of a fabric in the manufacture of a breathable, heat-reflecting article of clothing, wherein the fabric consists of a network containing fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of at least one heat-resistant material, wherein the surfaces of at least some of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads have a coating of deposited metal.
According to this other aspect of the invention, reference is made to the description supra of the various essential and other elements of the invention.
In the manufacture of breathable, heat-reflecting articles of clothing, the fabric described above will typically be used together with other layers of fabric in the construction of the articles of clothing. For instance, fire fighters’ typical protective garments such as jackets and trousers may comprise an outer shell, a moisture barrier and a thermal barrier. For fire proximity use, the garment will typically comprise, in addition to the multilayer construction described above, an outer layer of the fabric which consists of a network containing fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of at least one heat-resistant material, wherein the surfaces of at least some of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads have a coating of deposited metal, as described above, so as to confer radiant heat-reflecting and breathable characteristics to the garment. Typically, this outer layer of fabric will be detachable from the other layers so as to facilitate washing.
Experimental
Samples of fabric were subjected to various test protocols.
Fabric Samples
1. PBI Gold Rip-Stop, which comprises spun yarns only, 509 dtex, 40% polybenzimidazole (PBI)/58% poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid)/2% antistatic.
Rip-Stop pattern - both warp and weft, 8 single ends and 2 ends woven together.
The fabric sample was surface treated with a C6 fluorocarbon water and oil repellent.
2. PBI Gold Rip-Stop, as described above. The surface of the sample was provided with a deposit of aluminium (4% by weight based on the weight of the fabric sample) by a vapour deposition process and the aluminised surface was treated with a C6 fluorocarbon to provide water, hydrocarbon and oil repellancy and to protect the deposited aluminium to improve its durability and abrasion resistance.
Compared with Sample 1, Sample 2 showed a 4% increase in weight and a 0.5% increase in gauge.
(A) The protective effect against radiant heat of the samples was evaluated.
The radiative heat transfer index of the samples was determined according to method B, ISO 6942 : 2002 as required by BS EN ISO 11612 : 2008, 7.3. The radiation is produced by six silicon carbide heating rods (1070°C), and a copper disc/copper constantan thermocouple is used to measure the temperature behind the test samples. A heat flux density of 20 kW/m2 is used to measure performance against radiant heat. The radiant heat transfer index (RHTI) at a given heat flux intensity is defined by the mean time taken t24, for the temperature taken in a calorimeter located at the rear of the assembly to rise by 24 ± 0.2°C.
Single or multilayer garments and/or clothing assemblies that are claimed to offer protection against radiant heat must exhibit a heat transfer index (RHTI24), as defined in ISO 6942, of 7.0 min and <20.0 max. The RHTI24 value obtained for Sample 1 (non-metallized sample) was 14.5 whereas the RHTI24 value obtained for Sample 2 (metallized sample) was 19.9, thus demonstrating that the metallized sample provides greater protection against radiant heat compared to the non-metallized ample.
(B) A flexing pre-treatment is a requirement for the standard for any prior art fabric having metal foil lamination. The Samples 1 and 2 described in (A) above were subjected to flexing to simulate the effect of repeated use of a garment. The testing procedure was as set out in BS EN ISO 11612 : 2008,
Annex A. According to this procedure, specimens of the two samples measuring 280mm x 280mm were subjected to mechanical pre-treatment using a test device that simultaneously twists and compresses the samples for 2500 cycles.
The samples, after this flexing pre-treatment, were subjected to radiant testing to determine the radiant heat transfer index as described above in (A). It was found that Sample 2 showed a 29% improvement in protection from radiant heat compared to Sample 1.
(C) An assessment of the radiant heat properties of each of the Samples 1 and 2 described in (A) above was carried out. The assessment of radiant heat properties was carried out using IR spectroscopy, where light of wavelengths in the Far IR region was incident on the fabric surface of the sample. The intensity of the reflected light from the fabric surface is recorded and this generates reflectance and emissivity data for the surface. The emissivity of Sample 1 (non-metallized sample) was 0.62 and that of Sample 2 (metallized sample) was 0.92 thus demonstrating that the metallized sample has the ability to reflect 30% more IR radiation than the non-metallized sample.
(D) In order to determine the effect of UV degradation on the fabric, the following testing procedure was carried out.
Samples 1 and 2, as described in (A) above, were each exposed to UV light (λ= 340nm) for 200 hours, using a xenon-arc lamp, continuous light (0.5 ± 0.03 W/m2), according to the procedure described in AATCC 16.3 - 2014, option 3 (UV exposure).
After the exposure of the samples to UV light, each was subjected to tensile testing (according to BS EN ISO 13934-1 : 2013 - Tensile Testing) in both the warp and weft directions at 2.5 cm wide.
Following the tensile testing described above, the retained tensile strength was determined for each of the treated Samples 1 and 2 by reference to the tensile strengths of untreated Samples 1 and 2, respectively.
The retained tensile strength of Sample 1 (i.e. the non-metallised sample) was calculated to be 25%, i.e. Sample 1 had lost 75% of its original tensile strength as a result of UV degradation. The retained tensile strength of Sample 2 (i.e. the metallised sample) was calculated to be 40%; i.e. Sample 2 had lost 60% of its original tensile strength. Although the direct improvement gained by the treated metallised sample fabric is 15% relative to the treated non-metallised sample. The metallised sample showed a 60% increase in the percentage of tensile strength.
(E) In order to determine the colour fastness of the fabric samples, the following testing procedure was carried out.
Samples 1 and 2, as described in (A) above, were subjected to blue wool light fastness testing in accordance with the procedure described in ISO 105 1998 - B02 - Method 3. According to this procedure, each of Samples 1 and 2 were exposed to UV light of the same intensity and were checked at defined intervals for colour change measured against the blue wool scale. The test was terminated when Sample 1 (non-metallised sample) failed Grade 3 in the blue wool scale. At the time that the test was terminated, it was observed that Sample 2 (metallised sample) had not undergone any colour change.
(F) The effect of washing on the handle of the fabric samples, i.e. the feel of the fabric, was investigated as follows.
Samples 1 and 2, as described above in (A), were assessed before washing and, again, after being subjected to 25 wash cycles.
The washing procedure used was in accordance with BS EN ISO 6330 : 2012, procedure 4N. According to this procedure, the water for washing (40I) is preheated to 40° ± 3°C and supplied to the washing machine. The washing procedure comprises washing for 15 min under normal agitation (i.e. rotating action of normal pulsator speed with agitation for 8 seconds ON and 7 seconds OFF, then reverse agitation for 8 seconds ON and 7 seconds OFF, as a cycle) followed by 3 mins spin. After washing, the samples are subjected to a first rinsing step using cold tap water (40I) for 2 min and then spun for 3 min and then a second rinsing step using cold tap water (401) for 2 min and then spun for 7 min. The washed and rinsed samples were subjected to drying in a tumble dryer according to procedure F in BS EN ISO 6330 : 2012.
No difference in handle between Samples 1 and 2 was observed before the washing procedure or after completion of the 25 wash cycle.

Claims (18)

1. A breathable, heat-reflecting textile article which comprises a fabric consisting of a network containing fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of at least one heat-resistant material, wherein the surfaces of at least some of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads have a coating of deposited metal.
2. A textile article according to claim 1, wherein the fabric is a knitted or a woven fabric.
3. A textile article according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads are formed of a material selected from carbon, an aramid polymer or polyphenylene benzobisoxazole, or polybenzimidazole.
4. A textile article according to claim 3, wherein the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads are formed of an aramid polymer.
5. A textile article according to claim 4, wherein the aramid polymer is poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide.
6. A textile article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coating of deposited metal is at least partially covered with a layer of a polyfluorocarbon polymer or a durable water repellent coating.
7. A textile article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the deposited metal is selected from aluminium, silver and gold.
8. A textile article according to claim 7, wherein the deposited metal is aluminium.
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9. A textile article according to any one of claims 1 to 8 which is an article of clothing.
10. A textile article according to claim 9 which is an article of clothing selected from gloves, hood, jacket and trousers.
12. Use of a fabric in the manufacture of a breathable, heat-reflecting article of clothing, wherein the fabric consists of a network containing fibres, filaments, yarns or threads of at least one heat-resistant material, wherein the surfaces of at least some of the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads have a coating of deposited metal.
13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the fabric is a knitted or a woven fabric.
14. Use according to either claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads are formed of a material selected from carbon, an aramid polymer, polyphenylene benzobisoxazole, or polybenzimidazole.
15. Use according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the fibres, filaments, yarns or threads are formed of an aramid polymer.
16. Use according to claim 15, wherein the aramid polymer is poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide.
17. Use according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the coating of a deposited metal is at least partially covered with a layer of a polyfluorocarbon polymer.
18. Use according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the deposited metal is selected from aluminium, silver and gold.
19. Use according to claim 18, wherein the deposited metal is aluminium.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900022218A1 (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-05-26 Adriano Vignudelli ANTIBACTERIAL ANTISTATIC FLAME PROTECTIVE SUPPORT
CN117264380A (en) * 2023-09-19 2023-12-22 波司登羽绒服装有限公司 Cold protective clothing filler and preparation method and application thereof

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US20040219852A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2004-11-04 Hans-Dieter Eichhorn Flameproof textile surface structures
EP2527138A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2012-11-28 Teijin Techno Products Limited Laminated fabric for protective clothing and protective clothing using same
JP2014091307A (en) * 2012-11-06 2014-05-19 Teijin Ltd Multilayer woven fabric for heat-shielding active wear, and heat-shielding active wear obtained by using the same
EP3207814A1 (en) * 2014-10-16 2017-08-23 Teijin Limited Protective equipment comprising alarm system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040219852A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2004-11-04 Hans-Dieter Eichhorn Flameproof textile surface structures
EP2527138A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2012-11-28 Teijin Techno Products Limited Laminated fabric for protective clothing and protective clothing using same
JP2014091307A (en) * 2012-11-06 2014-05-19 Teijin Ltd Multilayer woven fabric for heat-shielding active wear, and heat-shielding active wear obtained by using the same
EP3207814A1 (en) * 2014-10-16 2017-08-23 Teijin Limited Protective equipment comprising alarm system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900022218A1 (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-05-26 Adriano Vignudelli ANTIBACTERIAL ANTISTATIC FLAME PROTECTIVE SUPPORT
CN117264380A (en) * 2023-09-19 2023-12-22 波司登羽绒服装有限公司 Cold protective clothing filler and preparation method and application thereof

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