WO2002090651A1 - Procede de recyclage de dechets de pate - Google Patents

Procede de recyclage de dechets de pate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002090651A1
WO2002090651A1 PCT/EP2002/000699 EP0200699W WO02090651A1 WO 2002090651 A1 WO2002090651 A1 WO 2002090651A1 EP 0200699 W EP0200699 W EP 0200699W WO 02090651 A1 WO02090651 A1 WO 02090651A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
rejects
filler
particles
fresh
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/000699
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Münchow
Original Assignee
Alpha Calcit Füllstoff Gesellschaft Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Priority to SI200230016T priority Critical patent/SI1313917T1/xx
Priority to EP02702307A priority patent/EP1313917B1/fr
Priority to KR1020037014058A priority patent/KR100778426B1/ko
Priority to UA20031110032A priority patent/UA74639C2/uk
Priority to US10/476,620 priority patent/US20040168783A1/en
Priority to DE50200434T priority patent/DE50200434D1/de
Priority to MXPA03009321A priority patent/MXPA03009321A/es
Application filed by Alpha Calcit Füllstoff Gesellschaft Mbh filed Critical Alpha Calcit Füllstoff Gesellschaft Mbh
Priority to DK02702307T priority patent/DK1313917T3/da
Priority to JP2002587701A priority patent/JP4463480B2/ja
Priority to AU2002235867A priority patent/AU2002235867B2/en
Priority to SK1356-2003A priority patent/SK286317B6/sk
Priority to AT02702307T priority patent/ATE266768T1/de
Priority to CA002443065A priority patent/CA2443065C/fr
Priority to BR0209390-1A priority patent/BR0209390A/pt
Priority to HU0400018A priority patent/HUP0400018A3/hu
Publication of WO2002090651A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002090651A1/fr
Priority to NO20034968A priority patent/NO20034968L/no

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/01—Waste products, e.g. sludge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for recycling rejects from the manufacture of paper, cardboard and cardboard and the use for the production of paper in the pulp or as a coating color for the paper industry.
  • the raw material i.e. H. Cellulose
  • fillers which give printing and writing papers in particular an even formation, better softness, whiteness and grip.
  • These fillers which are usually called “ash”, since they remain as ash in the combustion analysis, are either added to the fiber suspension or applied during brushing.
  • Natural printing papers contain up to 35% by weight of fillers, coated papers 25% to 50% by weight. The amount of filler depends very much on the intended use of the paper. Heavily weighted papers have lower strengths and poorer sizing.
  • the filler content in the paper pulp is usually between 5 to 4.
  • Coating pigments that can come from residual coating colors or coated scrap.
  • the grain size plays an important role, since it strongly influences the filler yield and the physical properties of the paper, especially the porosity.
  • the filler content remaining in the paper is between 20 and 80% of the amount added to the fiber suspension.
  • fillers and coating pigments kaolin, calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), artificial aluminum silicates and oxide hydrates, titanium dioxide, satin white, talc and calcium silicate.
  • PCC precipitated calcium carbonate
  • artificial aluminum silicates and oxide hydrates titanium dioxide, satin white, talc and calcium silicate.
  • rejects also known as semolina, coated scrap or cleaner reject
  • the so-called rejects consist largely of minerals and fibers and can amount to 1 to 4% of the total volume of the paper produced and in most cases are disposed of in landfills.
  • the total amount of rejects that are disposed of is not reduced.
  • Another possibility of treating the rejects in the past was to partially process them with the aid of centrifugal cleaners in order to separate the fibers on the one hand and / or the coating colors and fillers on the other hand and at least partially reuse them.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new environmentally friendly concept for treating the rejects, in particular the centrifugal cleaners, and the most complete one possible To make recycling accessible.
  • the object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a method for recycling rejects, while at the same time saving energy costs and raw material costs, transport costs and landfill costs.
  • rejects in particular the centrifugal cleaner from paper, cardboard and cardboard manufacture, characterized in that rejects containing fibers, coating color and / or filler, optionally with addition of water, coating color, fresh filler and / or filler slurry ground to the desired particle size distribution and used as a raw material for the paper pulp and / or coating color.
  • the normally solid reject contains valuable raw materials which can be recovered with the help of the present invention and which can be returned to various paper production processes after grinding.
  • the rejects from paper mills that produce coated paper or cardboard types contain a great deal of flakes of coating color. The thicker the coating layer, the more difficult it is to recover the flakes using the technology of the prior art. Double-coated varieties or coated cardboard types can be mentioned here as special examples.
  • Another group in the paper industry are the SC paper manufacturing companies that lose large amounts of fillers due to rejects.
  • the rejects are now ground and optionally with water, coating color, filler and / or Filler slurry added.
  • the reject slurry or the ground powder is then returned to the paper production cycle for the paper pulp and / or as a coating color.
  • fractions of fillers, coating color flakes, fiber suspension residues, such as, for example, fiber lumps or splinters, and foreign bodies, for example sand, can be discovered.
  • the distribution of the reject material particle sizes essentially corresponds to the original distribution in the coating colors, fillers or filler / pigment slurries.
  • more than 95% of the total rejects or even the complete amount can be recovered and returned to production.
  • the reprocessed reprocessed according to the invention then functions, for example, as a filler, as a result of which the consumption of fresh filler or pigment can be consequently reduced.
  • the grinding of the rejects is preferably installed in a centrifugal cleaner system after the last of usually several phases of a centrifugal cleaner.
  • the accept from the additional cleaner system is returned to a previous phase and the remaining amount of the reject forms the final reject.
  • the simplest area of application is provided in an existing cleaner system so that the grinding is installed after the penultimate cleaner phase and the last cleaning process is used as the final stage.
  • the fillers and coating pigments both as a powder or in the form of a concentrated slurry, which preferably has 30 to 85% by weight solids content, for the paper pulp or for coating color production.
  • the fresh fillers and pigments are usually made available by manufacturers with the desired whiteness and grain size distribution as a slurry or as a powder.
  • the sieve pass obtained in this way consists of fibers, fillers, pigments, fine sand, black particles and agglomerates of fillers and pigments or pigments, fibers and fillers.
  • Filler is usually understood to mean the fine particles used in the pulp; pigment means the fine particles used in the coating color.
  • Flocculation and sedimentation, filtration, sieving and / or centrifugation are available as known methods for separating the undesirable constituents of the rejects.
  • Flocculation and reloading often cause agglomeration in the separation processes. rate, which can now be ground according to the invention.
  • grinding as powder or slurry can be carried out continuously or batchwise in conventional dry mills or wet mills, in particular stirred ball mills, for example with a content of 700 to 5000 l or greater. Grinding media, preferably grinding balls, in particular with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm, are used.
  • Sieves are usually used for processing, preferably curved sieves for separating contaminants (broken balls, separating agents, rust, etc.). Laser measuring instruments are used to determine and control the fineness of grinding during the grinding process and the computer-aided control of the agitator ball mill system.
  • the ratio of fillers and / or pigments to fibers in the rejects can vary within a wide range.
  • rejects with an optionally enriched concentration of fillers and / or coating color, which are in the range from 5 to 90% by weight, in particular 30% by weight to 70% by weight is on the solids content.
  • the fiber content on the one hand or the filler and / or Coating color content, on the other hand can vary, for example, from 1 to 99% by weight or 99 to 1% by weight.
  • Enrichment in the sense of the present invention includes in particular the addition of fresh filler and / or fresh pigment.
  • kaolin, natural or precipitated calcium carbonates, artificial or natural aluminum silicates and oxide hydrates, titanium dioxide, satin white, dolomite, mica are therefore preferably used before, after and / or during grinding as fresh pigment and / or fresh filler
  • Metal flakes, in particular aluminum flakes, bentonite, rutile, magnesium hydroxide, gypsum, layered silicates, talc, calcium silicate and other stones and earths are added.
  • Fresh pigment or fresh filler is preferably converted into a slurry with a solids content of, for example, 30 to 85% by weight, in particular 40 to 75% by weight, in the form of a powder, aqueous slurries containing fresh pigment and / or fresh filler in the presence of the reject and optionally conventional grinding aids and / or dispersing aids. % used.
  • the added amount of fibers, coating color and / or filler is preferably 1 to 100% by weight, based on the reject material.
  • the addition of water is particularly preferred in order to use the rejects ground according to the invention in a diluted slurry for the headbox. Slurries with a solids content of 5 to 50% by weight, in particular 10 to 20% by weight, are preferably used. Accordingly, according to the invention, in a preferred embodiment Milling form in the presence of water in an amount of 1 to 100% by weight, in particular 100 to 1000% by weight, based on the solids content.
  • the reject is preferably a slurry or a powder with a particle size distribution of
  • AI grain size distributions for coating pigments are known, which are also preferably adjusted using the present invention. It is particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention that the pigments have the following particle size distribution: a) 95 to 100% by weight of particles ⁇ 10 ⁇ m b) 50 to 100% by weight of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, in particular 50 to 95% by weight of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m c) 27 to 95% by weight of particles ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, in particular 27 to 75% by weight of particles ⁇ 1 ⁇ m and d) 0.1 to 55% by weight of particles ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m, in particular 0.1 to 35% by weight of particles ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m, in each case based on the equivalent diameter of the particles.
  • a large variation in the whiteness and grain size distribution is also possible, which can be controlled in particular by the type and duration of the grinding. It is thus possible to mix relatively coarse fresh filler and water with a large amount of rejects on site in order to introduce this slurry into the paper pulp after grinding. In the same way it is possible to go through on site Use of a smaller amount of rejects to use them for finer grinding with fresh pigment, which then serves as a coating pigment, especially in the primer.
  • the powders or slurries obtainable with the aid of the present invention can be used particularly advantageously in the paper industry, in particular for producing a coating color for the paper coating or in the paper pulp. If the fiber content is low, the rejects ground according to the invention, preferably in the coating color, are used in the paper pulp if the fiber content is high. According to the invention, good retention on the sieve is obtained. The use of the rejects ground according to the invention is particularly preferred for the production of offset paper.
  • the slurries according to the invention are also suitable for the production of a coating color for lightweight, coated papers, in particular also at high application speed, and for the production of roll offset papers, in particular for the production of lightweight, coated roll offset papers, the coating of cardboard and special paper, such as labels, wallpaper, silicone base paper, self-copying, and the admixture for gravure paper.
  • the coating pigment slurries obtainable according to the invention can be used in particular in sheetfed offset, in particular for sheetfed offset.
  • Single line, sheet offset double line sheet offset pre-coat and sheet offset top coat
  • - in web offset especially for the LWC web offset single line, web offset double line: web offset primer and web offset topcoat
  • - in rotogravure especially for the LWC rotogravure single line, rotogravure double line: rotogravure pre-coat and rotogravure top coat
  • - in the box especially for the double-line cardboard: cardboard primer and cardboard-topcoat and for special papers, especially for labels and flexible packaging.
  • the method offers the possibility of using the pigment slurries produced according to the invention without any loss of quality in the base papers, coatings and, in particular, the final qualities produced therewith.
  • Solids content 62% Brookfield viscosity (100 / min): 1,400 mPas pH: 8.5
  • Solids content 66% Brookfield viscosity (100 / min): 1,200 mPas pH: 9.0
  • Solids content 64% Brookfield viscosity (100 / min): 1,200 mPas pH: 8.5
  • Solids content 66% Brookfield viscosity (100 / min): 1,000 mPas pH: 9.0
  • Spreadable semolina from the process of a commercially available paper machine of the prior art was ground in a 15% by weight suspension to give a slurry with a grain size of ⁇ 10 ⁇ m and added to the paper pulp headbox.
  • the ash content increased, and the dosage of filler could be reduced. About 16 to 18 l / min of pigment slurry of ground rejects was fed to the stock from the grinding plant. In order to keep the ash content at the same level, the usual dosage of fresh filler could be reduced from 10 l / h to 6.0 l / h.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de recyclage de déchets de pâte provenant de la fabrication de papier et de carton, ainsi que leur utilisation. Selon l'invention, lesdits déchets de pâte sont réutilisés dans la pâte à papier ou servent d'enduit dans l'industrie papetière.
PCT/EP2002/000699 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Procede de recyclage de dechets de pate WO2002090651A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK02702307T DK1313917T3 (da) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Fremgangsmåde til genanvendelse af grovrejekt
JP2002587701A JP4463480B2 (ja) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 クリーナーリジェクトを再循環させるためのプロセス
EP02702307A EP1313917B1 (fr) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Procede de recyclage de dechets de pate
AU2002235867A AU2002235867B2 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Method for recycling pulp rejects
US10/476,620 US20040168783A1 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Method for recycling pulp rejects
DE50200434T DE50200434D1 (de) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Verfahren zur wiederverwertung von spuckstoff
MXPA03009321A MXPA03009321A (es) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Proceso para el reciclado de residuos de limpiador.
SI200230016T SI1313917T1 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Method for recycling pulp rejects
HU0400018A HUP0400018A3 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Method for recycling pulp rejects
KR1020037014058A KR100778426B1 (ko) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 클리너 폐기물의 재순환 방법
UA20031110032A UA74639C2 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Method for recycled use of the waste of paper coating, use of the suspension of coating waste and use of the coating waste
SK1356-2003A SK286317B6 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Method of recycling pulp rejects
AT02702307T ATE266768T1 (de) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Verfahren zur wiederverwertung von spuckstoff
CA002443065A CA2443065C (fr) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Procede de recyclage de dechets de pate
BR0209390-1A BR0209390A (pt) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Processo para reciclagem de rejeitos de polpa
NO20034968A NO20034968L (no) 2001-05-08 2003-11-07 Fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av grovrejekt

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10122331A DE10122331B4 (de) 2001-05-08 2001-05-08 Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung von Spuckstoff sowie dessen Verwendung
DE10122331.5 2001-05-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002090651A1 true WO2002090651A1 (fr) 2002-11-14

Family

ID=7684031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/000699 WO2002090651A1 (fr) 2001-05-08 2002-01-24 Procede de recyclage de dechets de pate

Country Status (25)

Country Link
US (1) US20040168783A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1313917B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4463480B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100778426B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1238600C (fr)
AT (1) ATE266768T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002235867B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG108226A (fr)
BR (1) BR0209390A (fr)
CA (1) CA2443065C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20033036A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE10122331B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1313917T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2201949T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0400018A3 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03009321A (fr)
NO (1) NO20034968L (fr)
PL (1) PL206622B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT1313917E (fr)
SI (1) SI1313917T1 (fr)
SK (1) SK286317B6 (fr)
TR (1) TR200401126T4 (fr)
UA (1) UA74639C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002090651A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200307798B (fr)

Cited By (7)

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EP2236545A1 (fr) 2009-03-30 2010-10-06 Omya Development AG Procédé pour la production de gels de cellulose nano-fibrillaire
EP2236664A1 (fr) 2009-03-30 2010-10-06 Omya Development AG Procédé pour la production de suspensions de cellulose nano-fibrillaire
US8382891B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2013-02-26 Alpha Calcit Fullstoff Gesellschaft Mbh Preparation of coating dispersions
US8877007B2 (en) 2012-08-21 2014-11-04 University Of New Brunswick System and method for reclaiming rejects in sulfite pulping
US10053817B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2018-08-21 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Process for the manufacture of structured materials using nano-fibrillar cellulose gels
US10577469B2 (en) 2015-10-14 2020-03-03 Fiberlean Technologies Limited 3D-formable sheet material
US11155697B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2021-10-26 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Process for the production of gel-based composite materials

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DE19627523C1 (de) * 1996-07-09 1997-10-23 Alpha Calcit Fuellstoff Gmbh Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung von Füllstoffen und Streichpigmenten der Papier-, Pappe- und Kartonherstellung
US8241756B2 (en) 2008-04-03 2012-08-14 Innventia Ab Composition for coating of printing paper
GB0908401D0 (en) 2009-05-15 2009-06-24 Imerys Minerals Ltd Paper filler composition
FI20095692A0 (fi) 2009-06-18 2009-06-18 Upm Kymmene Oyj Paperituote ja menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi
FI124324B (fi) * 2010-10-18 2014-06-30 Ekokem Palvelu Oy Puukuitupitoisen jakeen käsittely
GB201019288D0 (en) 2010-11-15 2010-12-29 Imerys Minerals Ltd Compositions
CN104250942B (zh) * 2013-06-25 2016-08-24 立诚包装有限公司 中小型包装纸厂污泥回用工艺
BR112018069538B1 (pt) 2016-04-05 2023-01-17 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Produto de papel ou papelão e método de fabricação de um produto de papel ou papelão
US11846072B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2023-12-19 Fiberlean Technologies Limited Process of making paper and paperboard products
CN109312494B (zh) 2016-04-22 2021-06-18 菲博林科技有限公司 包含微原纤化纤维素的纤维和由其制造纤维和非织造材料的方法
CN110694348B (zh) * 2019-10-28 2021-08-20 海南金海浆纸业有限公司 一种造纸涂料废渣解离系统及方法

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DE3116905A1 (de) * 1981-04-29 1982-11-18 J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim Verfahren zur altpapieraufbereitung
DE3148749A1 (de) * 1981-12-09 1983-07-21 Steinbeis Papier GmbH, 7121 Gemmrigheim Verfahren zur herstellung von formatpapieren unter verwendung von aufbereitetem altpapier und anlage zur durchfuehrung desselben
DE3414460A1 (de) * 1983-12-16 1985-10-24 J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim Anordnung zur aufbereitung von altpapier
EP0183863A1 (fr) * 1984-12-03 1986-06-11 Steinbeis Temming Papier GmbH & Co. Papier format pauvre en poussière, procédé pour sa fabrication et son emploi
DE4000558A1 (de) * 1989-01-16 1990-07-19 Enso Gutzeit Oy Verfahren, papiermasse auf das sieb einer papiermaschine zu bringen
EP0486904A1 (fr) * 1990-11-23 1992-05-27 J.M. Voith GmbH Méthode et installation pour le traitement de vieux papiers
EP0493726A1 (fr) * 1990-12-29 1992-07-08 PWA INDUSTRIEPAPIER GmbH Composition fibreuse pour la fabrication du papier, papier obtenu et son utilisation, ainsi que le procédé de fabrication de la composition fibreuse et du papier
EP0625611A1 (fr) * 1993-04-16 1994-11-23 Plüss-Staufer AG Bouillie pigmentaire pour le coudragie à base de talc et de carbonate de calcium, son procédé de préparation, et son utilisation
DE19631150A1 (de) * 1996-08-01 1998-02-05 Sued Chemie Ag Verfahren zur Ablösung von Druckfarben (Deinking) von cellulosehaltigen Druckträgern

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8382891B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2013-02-26 Alpha Calcit Fullstoff Gesellschaft Mbh Preparation of coating dispersions
US8926747B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2015-01-06 Alpha Calcit Fullstoff Gesellschaft Mgh Preparation of coating dispersions
EP3617400A1 (fr) 2009-03-30 2020-03-04 FiberLean Technologies Limited Utilisation de suspensions de cellulose nanofibrillaire
EP2808440A1 (fr) * 2009-03-30 2014-12-03 Omya International AG Procédé pour la production de suspensions de cellulose nano-fibrillaire
WO2010112519A1 (fr) 2009-03-30 2010-10-07 Omya Development Ag Procédé de production de suspensions de cellulose nano-fibrillaire
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DE10122331A1 (de) 2002-07-18
US20040168783A1 (en) 2004-09-02
CA2443065C (fr) 2009-01-06
SI1313917T1 (en) 2004-12-31
PL366987A1 (en) 2005-02-07
KR20030092111A (ko) 2003-12-03
NO20034968D0 (no) 2003-11-07
BR0209390A (pt) 2004-07-06
ATE266768T1 (de) 2004-05-15
BG108226A (bg) 2005-04-30
ES2201949T1 (es) 2004-04-01
ZA200307798B (en) 2004-07-30
PT1313917E (pt) 2004-09-30
DE10122331B4 (de) 2005-07-21
AU2002235867B2 (en) 2006-12-14
DE50200434D1 (de) 2004-06-17
UA74639C2 (en) 2006-01-16
HUP0400018A3 (en) 2008-03-28
EP1313917B1 (fr) 2004-05-12
JP2004534911A (ja) 2004-11-18
KR100778426B1 (ko) 2007-11-27
JP4463480B2 (ja) 2010-05-19
SK286317B6 (en) 2008-07-07
TR200401126T4 (tr) 2004-06-21
MXPA03009321A (es) 2004-03-16
CZ20033036A3 (cs) 2004-09-15
DK1313917T3 (da) 2004-09-20
PL206622B1 (pl) 2010-08-31
NO20034968L (no) 2003-11-07
SK13562003A3 (en) 2004-11-03
ES2201949T3 (es) 2004-12-01
CA2443065A1 (fr) 2002-11-14
EP1313917A1 (fr) 2003-05-28
CN1238600C (zh) 2006-01-25
CN1524145A (zh) 2004-08-25

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