Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
  • A01N43/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings
  • A01N43/28—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3 with two oxygen atoms in positions 1,3, condensed with a carbocyclic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/34—Nitriles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
  • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
  • A01N41/10—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
  • C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C255/35—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms, or by nitro or nitroso groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
  • C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C255/37—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
  • C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C255/40—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
  • C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
  • C07C255/50—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C255/51—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings containing at least two cyano groups bound to the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
  • C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/62—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/04—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a four-membered ring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticide compositions.
• pesticide compositions Against pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests, various pesticide compositions have been used so far for their control.
• the conditions of pesticide compositions required have drastically been changed, including the care of their effects on the environment and the acquisition of drug resistance by pests to be controlled. Under such circumstances, there have been great demands for the development of new pesticide compositions.
• the present inventors have extensively studied to find compounds having excellent pest controlling activity. As a result, they have found that the malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) as depicted below have excellent controlling activity against pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests, thereby reaching the present invention.
• R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and independently C]-C 5 (halo)- alkyl, Cj-Cg (halo)aIkyloxy, C 2 -C 5 (halo)alkenyl, C 2 -C 5 (halo)alkynyl, hydrogen, or cyano;
• R 3 is C 3 -C 6 (halo)cycloalkyl; m is an integer of 1 to 3;
• R 5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C r C 4 (halo)alkyl, C 2 -C 4 (halo)alkenyl, C 2 - C 4 (halo)alkynyl, Cj-O t (halo)alkyloxy, (halo)- alkylsulfinyl, C x -C 4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, (halo)alkylcarbonyl, C x -C 4 (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyloxy, or phenyl- thio, in which the phenyloxy and phenylthio groups may optionally be substituted with halogen or C x -C 3 alkyl; n is an integer of 0 to 4;
• R 6 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C ⁇ d (halo)alkyl, C 2 -C 4 (halo)- alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 (halo)alkynyl, C C 4 (halo)alkyloxy, Cj-Gi (halo)alkylthio, C x -C 4 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C !
• -C 4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl CyC ⁇ (halo)alkylcarbonyl, C C ⁇ (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl, C Qj (halo)aIkylcarbonyloxy, phenyloxy, or phenylthio, in which the phenyloxy and phenylthio groups may optionally be substituted with halogen or alkyl; with the proviso that when n is 2 or more, then R 5 's are the same or different from each other.
• the present invention also provides pesticide compositions comprising the present compounds as active ingredients.
• the (halo)alkyl group refers to alkyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkyloxy group refers to alkyloxy optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkenyl group refers to alkenyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo) alkynyl group refers to alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkylthio group refers to alkylthio optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkylsulfinyl group refers to alkylsulfinyl optionally sub- stituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkylsulfonyl group refers to alkylsulfonyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo) alkylcarbonyl group refers to alkylcarbonyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl group refers to alkyloxycarbonyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy group refers to alkylcarbonyloxy optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• the (halo)cycloalkyl group refers to cycloalkyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.
• C1-C10 refers to number of carbon atoms constituting the alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group in each substituent.
• C x -C 4 (halo) alkylcarbonyl means alkylcarbonyl optionally with halogen for one or more hydrogen atoms wherein the alkyl part is constituted by Cx-C ⁇ carbon atom.
• each group includes specific ones as listed below:
• the C C 5 (halo)alkyl group represented by R 1 or R 2 may include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifiuoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifl.uoro- ethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafl.uoroethyl.
• the C ⁇ C B (halo)alkyloxy group represented by R 1 or R 2 may include methoxy, ethoxy, 1-methylethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, 2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy.
• the C 2 -C B (halo)alkenyl group represented by R 1 or R 2 may include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2,2-difluorovinyl, and 1,2,2-trifl.uorovinyl.
• the C 2 -C 5 (halo)alkynyl group represented by R 1 or R 2 may include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and 3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propynyl.
• the C 3 -C 6 (halo)cycloalkyl represented by R 3 may include cyclopropyl, 2,2-dichloro-l-cyclopropyl, 2,2-difluoro-l-cyclopropyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafl.uoro-l- cyclopropyl, 2,2-dichloro-l-cyclobutyl, 2,2-difl.uoro-l-cyclobutyl, 2,2,3,3-tetra- fl.uoro-1-cyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
• the halogen atom represented by R 5 or R 6 may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• the Ci-Cj (halo)alkyl group represented by R B or R 6 may include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, trifiuoromethyl, pentafmoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifl.uoroethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafl.uoroethyl.
• the C 2 -C 4 (halo)alkenyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl and 2,2-difl.uorovinyl.
• the C 2 -C 4 (halo)alkynyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and 3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propynyl.
• the Ci-0 4 (halo)alkyloxy group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, bromodifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifl.uoroethoxy, and 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy.
• the C ⁇ -C 4 (halo)alkylthio group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include methylthio, triuuoromethylthio, 2,2,2-trifl.uoroethylthio, and 1,1,2,2-tetra- fluor oethylthio .
• the d-d (halo)alkylsulfinyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include methylsulfinyl and trinuoromethylsulfinyl.
• the C ! -C 4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include methylsulfonyl and trifluoromethylsuKonyl.
• the C x -C 4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl group represented by R B or R 6 may include acetyl and trifluoroacetyl.
• the C ⁇ -C ⁇ (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include methoxycarbonyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl.
• the C r C 4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy group represented by R 5 or R 6 may include acetyloxy, propionyloxy, and trifluoroacetyloxy.
• the phenyloxy optionally substituted with halogen or Ci-Cg alkyl, which is represented by R 5 or R 6 , may include phenoxy, p-methylphenoxy, m- methylphenoxy, and p-chlorophenoxy.
• the phenylthio group optionally substituted with halogen or C Cg alkyl, which is represented by R 5 or R 6 may include phenylthio, p-methyl- phenylthio, m-methylphenylthio, and p-chlorophenylthio.
• R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and independently halogen, cyano, nitro, haloalkyl, d-Cg haloalkyloxy, C C 3 (halo)alkylthio, C ⁇ C ⁇ (halo)aLkylsulfinyl, Cj-Cg (halo)alkylsulfonyl, Ci-Cg (halo)alkylcarbonyl, or haloalkyloxy- carbonyl;
• R 5 is halogen
• n is an integer of 0 to 2 and R 6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, d-C ⁇ (halo)alkyl, d-C ⁇ (halo)alkyloxy, or (halo) alkylthio;
• the preferred compounds among the present compounds are the compounds wherein R 6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, haloalkyloxy or haloalkylthio; or the compounds wherein n is 1 to 3 and at least one of R 5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C ⁇ d haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyloxy or Ci-0 4 (halo)alkylthio.
• More preferred compounds are the compounds wherein R 6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C x -C 4 fluoroalkyl, C ⁇ d fluoroalkyloxy or C ⁇ Q fluoroalkylthio; or the compounds wherein n is 1 to 3 and at least one of R 5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C x -C 4 fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkylthio.
• the present compounds can be produced by, for example, the following (Production Process 1) or (Production Process 2).
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , m, and n are as defined above, and Z is halogen, methanesulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, or toluenesulfonyl.
• the reaction is usually carried out in a solvent.
• the solvent which can be used in the reaction may include acid amides such as dimethylform- amide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; organic sulfur compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide and sulfolane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; aromatic hydro- carbons such as toluene and xylene; water; and mixtures thereof.
• acid amides such as dimethylform- amide
• ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran
• organic sulfur compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide and sulfolane
• halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene
• aromatic hydro- carbons such as toluene and xylene
• water and mixtures thereof.
• the base which can be used in the reaction may include inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide; alkali metal amides such as hthium diisopropylamide; and organic bases such as 4-dimethylaminopyri- dine, l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and l,8-diazabicylco[5.4.0]-7-undecene.
• the amount of base used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).
• the reaction temperature is usually in the range of — 20°C to 100°C.
• the reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
• the amount of compound (b) used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).
• reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystal- hzation.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , m, n, and Z are as defined above.
• the reaction is usually carried out in a solvent.
• the solvent which can be used in the reaction may include acid amides such as dimethylform- amide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; organic sulfur compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide and sulfolane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; water; and mixtures thereof.
• the base which can be used in the reaction may include inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide; alkali metal amides such as lithium diisopropylamide; and organic bases such as 4-dimethylaminopyri- dine, l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and l,8-diazabicylco[5.4.0]-7-undecene.
• the amount of base used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).
• the reaction temperature is usually in the range of -20°C to 100°C.
• the reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
• the amount of compound (b) used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).
• reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystal- lization.
• the compound (a) can be produced through a route, for example, as shown in the following scheme.
• R ⁇ R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and n are as defined above.
• the compound (f) can be produced by reacting compound (e) with malononitrile.
• the reaction is usually carried out in a solvent and in the presence of a base.
• the solvent which can be used in the reaction may include acid amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, 1,2-dichlo- roethane, and chlorobenzene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; and mixtures thereof.
• the base which can be used in the reaction may include tetrabutyl- ammonium hydroxide.
• the amount of base used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 0.01 to 0.5 mole relative to 1 mole of compound (e).
• the amount of malononitrile used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (e).
• the reaction temperature is usually in the range of — 20°C to 200°C.
• the reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
• the reaction may be carried out, while removing, if necessary, water which is generated by the reaction, from the reaction system.
• reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystal- lization.
• R 2 is a substituent other than hydrogen and cyano:
• the compound (a) can be produced by reacting compound (f) with an organometallic compound.
• the reaction is usually carried out in a solvent and, if necessary, in the presence of a copper salt.
• the solvent which can be used in the reaction may include ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; and mixtures thereof.
• the organometallic compound which can be used in the reaction may include organic magnesium compounds such as methyl magnesium iodide, ethyl magnesium bromide, isopropyl magnesium bromide, vinyl magnesium bromide, ethynyl magnesium bromide, and dimethyl magnesium; organic lithium compounds such as methyl Hthium; organic zinc compounds such as diethyl zinc; and organic copper compounds such as trifiuoromethyl copper.
• organic magnesium compounds such as methyl magnesium iodide, ethyl magnesium bromide, isopropyl magnesium bromide, vinyl magnesium bromide, ethynyl magnesium bromide, and dimethyl magnesium
• organic lithium compounds such as methyl Hthium
• organic zinc compounds such as diethyl zinc
• organic copper compounds such as trifiuoromethyl copper.
• the amount of organometallic compound used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (f).
• the copper salt which can be used in the reaction may include copper (I) iodide and copper (I) bromide.
• the amount of copper salt used in the reaction is usually not greater than 1 mole relative to 1 mole of compound (f).
• the reaction temperature is usually in the range of — 20°C to 100°C.
• the reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
• reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post- treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystal- lization.
• the compound (a) can be produced by subjecting compound (f) to reduction.
• the reduction is usually carried out in a solvent.
• the solvent which can be used in the reaction may include ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol; water; and mixtures thereof.
• ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene
• alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol
• water and mixtures thereof.
• the reducing agent which can be used in the reaction may include sodium borohydride.
• the amount of reducing agent used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 0.25 to 2 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (f).
• the reaction time is usually in the range of a moment to 24 hours.
• the reaction temperature is usually in the range of 0°C to 50°C.
• reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystal- lization.
• the compound (a) can be produced by reacting compound (f) with a cyanide.
• the solvent which can be used in the reaction may include ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; and mixtures thereof.
• the cyanide which can be used in the reaction may include tetra- butylammonium cyanide.
• the amount of cyanide used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (f).
• the reaction temperature is usually in the range of -20°C to 100°C.
• the reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.
• reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystal- lization.
• the pests against which the present compounds exhibit controlling activity may include insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests, specific examples which are as follows:
• Delphacidae such as Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera
• Deltocephalidae such as Nephotettix cincticeps and Nephotettix virescen ⁇
• Aphididae such as Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae
• Pentatomidae such as Nezara antennata, Riptortus clavetus, Eysarcoris lewisi, Eysarcoris parvus, Plautia stal and Halyomorpha misia; Aleyrodidae such as Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argen- tifolii;
• Coccidae such as Aonidiella aurantii, Comstockaspis perniciosa, Un- aspis citri, Ceroplastes rubens, and Icerya purchasi;
• Pyralidae such as Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Notarcha derogata, and Plodia interpunctella;
• Noctuidae such as Spodoptera litura, Pseudaletia separata, Thorico- plusia spp . , Heliothis spp . , and Helicoverp a spp . ;
• Pieridae such as Pieris rapae
• Tortricidae such as Adoxophyes spp., Grapholita molesta, and Cydia pomonella
• Carposinidae such as Carposina niponensis
• Lymantriidae such as Lyamantria spp. and Euproctis spp.
• Yponomentidae such as Plutella xylostella
• Gelechiidae such as Pectinophora gossypiella
• Arctiidae such as Hyphantria cunea
• Tineidae such as Tinea translucens and Tineola bisselliella
• Cahcidae such as Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus
• Aedes spp. such as Aedes aegypti and Aede ⁇ albopictus
• Anopheles spp. such as Anopheles sinensis
• Muscidae such as Musca domestica and Muscina stabulans; Calliphoridae;
• Anthomyiidae such as Delia platura and Delia antiqua
• Diabrotica spp. such as Diabrotica virgifera and Diabrotica undecim - punctata howardi; Scarabaeidae such as Anomala cuprea and Anomala rufocuprea;
• Curcuhonidae such as Sitophilus zeamais, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, and Callosobruchuys Kunststoffensis,
• Tenebrionidae such as Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum
• Chrysomelidae such as Oulema oryzae, Aulacophora femoralis, Phyl- lotreta striolata, and Leptinotarsa decemlineata;
• Epilachna spp. such as Epilachna vigintioctopunctata
• Thysanoptera
• Thrips palmi Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella in ⁇ onsa;
• Hymenoptera Formicidae
• Tenthredinidae such as Athalia japonica
• Ctenocephalides felis Ctenocephalides canis, Pulex ir itans, Xeno- psylla cheopis;
• Pediculus humanus corporis Phthirus pubis, Haematopinus eurys- ternus, and Dalmalinia ovis, Isoptera:
• Beticulitermes speratus and Coptotermes formosanuff, Acarina are Beticulitermes speratus and Coptotermes formosanuff, Acarina:
• Tetranychidae such as Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ul i, and Oligonychus spp.; Eriophyidae such as Aculops pelekassi and Aculus Mattendali;
• Tarsonemidae such as Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuip alpidae; Tuckerellidae;
• Ixodidae such as Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis Gava, Dermacentor taiwanicus, Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, and Boophilus micropluff,
• Epidermoptidae such as Derma tophagoides farinae and Dermato- phagoides ptrenyssnus
• Cheyletidae such as Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus malaccensis, and
• Pratylenchus coffeae Pratylenchus fallax
• Heterodera glycines Heterodera glycines
• Glo- bodera rostochiensis Meloidogyne hapla
• Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogyne incognita.
• the present compounds When used as the active ingredients of pesticide compositions, they may be used as such without addition of any other ingredients. However, they are usually used in admixture with sohd carriers, liquid carriers and/or gaseous carriers, and if necessary, by addition of adjuvants such as surfactants, followed by formulation into various forms such emulsinable concentrates, oil formulations, flowables, dusts, wettable powders, granules, paste formulations, microcapsule formulations, foams, aerosol formulations, carbon dioxide gas formulations, tablets, or resin formulations. These formulations may be used by processing into poison baits, shampoo, mosquito coils, electric mosquito mats, smokes, fumigants, or sheets.
• adjuvants such as surfactants
• the present compounds are usually contained each in an amount of 0.1% to 95% by weight.
• the sohd carrier which can be used in the formulation may include the following materials in fine powder or granular form: clays (e.g., kaolin clay, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, Fubasami clay, acid clay); talc, ceramic, and other inorganic minerals (e.g., seriate, quartz, sulfur, activated carbon, calcium carbonate, hydrated silica); and chemical fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea).
• clays e.g., kaolin clay, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, Fubasami clay, acid clay
• talc e.g., ceramic, and other inorganic minerals (e.g., seriate, quartz, sulfur, activated carbon, calcium carbonate, hydrated silica)
• chemical fertilizers e.g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium n
• the liquid carrier may include aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., xylene, toluene, alkyhiaphthalene, phenylxylylethane, kerosine, light oils, hexane, cyclohexane); halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane); alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol); ethers (e.g., diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane); esters (e.g., ethyl acetate, butyl acetate); ketones (e.g
• the gaseous carrier may include butane gas, Freon gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), dimethyl ether, and carbon dioxide.
• the surfactant may include alkyl sulfate salts; alkylsulfonic acid salts; alkylarylsulfonic acid salts; alkyl aryl ethers and their polyoxy ethylene derivatives; polyethylene glycol ethers; polyol esters; and sugar alcohol derivatives.
• the other adjuvants may include binders, dispersants, and stabili- zers, specific examples of which are casein, gelatin, polys accharides (e.g., starch, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, alginic acid), lignin derivatives, bentonite, sugars, synthetic water-soluble polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacryhc acid), PAP (isopropyl acid phosphate), BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), BHA (mixtures of 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphe- nol and 3-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), vegetable oils, mineral oils, fatty acids, and fatty acid esters.
• binders e.g., starch, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, alginic acid
• lignin derivatives entonite
• sugars e.g., synthetic water-
• the base material for resin formulations may include vinyl chloride polymers and polyurethanes. These base materials may contain, if neces- sary, plasticizers such as phthalic acid esters (e.g., dimethyl phthalate, di- octyl phthalate), adipic acid esters, and stearic acid.
• plasticizers such as phthalic acid esters (e.g., dimethyl phthalate, di- octyl phthalate), adipic acid esters, and stearic acid.
• the resin formulations can be obtained by kneading the present compounds into the base materials with an ordinary kneader and subsequent forming such as injection molding, extrusion, or pressing. They can be processed, if necessary, though further forming and cutting into resin formulations in various shapes such as plates, films, tapes, nets, or strings.
• the base material for poison baits may include grain powders, vegetable oils, sugars, and crystalline cellulose. If necessary, additional agents may be added, including antioxidants such as dibutylhydroxytoluene and nordihydroguaiaretic acid; preservatives such as dehydroacetic acid; agents for preventing children and pets from erroneously eating, such as hot pepper powder; and pest-attractive flavors such as cheese flavor, onion flavor, and peanut oil.
• the pesticide compositions of the present invention may be used by, for example, direct application to pests and/or apphcation to the habitats of pests (e.g., plant bodies, animal bodies, soil).
• pests e.g., plant bodies, animal bodies, soil
• their apphcation amounts are usually 1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 500 g/ha.
• Formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, flowables, and microcapsule formulations are usually used after dilution with water to have an active ingredient concentration of 1 to 1000 ppm, while formulations such as dusts and granules are usually used as such. These formulations may be directly applied to plants to be protected from pests.
• compositions of the present invention in the form of sheet formulations can be apphed by the methods in which the sheet formulations are wound around plants, disposed in the vi- cinity of plants, or laid on the soil surface at the plant bottoms.
• the pesticide compositions of the present invention are used for the prevention of epidemics, their apphcation amounts as active ingredient amounts are usually 0.001 to 10 mg/m 3 for spatial apphcation or 0.001 to 100 mg/m 2 for planar apphcation.
• Formulations such as emulsifiable concen- trates, wettable powders, and flowables are usually apphed after dilution with water to have an active ingredient concentration of 0.01 to 10,000 ppm, while formulations such as oil formulations, aerosols, smokes, or poison baits are usually apphed as such.
• the pesticide compositions of the present invention are used for the control of external parasites on domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, and fowl or small animals such as dogs, cats, rats, and mice, they can be used by the veterinarily well-known methods.
• administration is achieved by, for example, tablets, feed incorporation, suppositories, or injections (e.g., intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal) for systemic control, or by, for example, spraying, pour-on treatment, or spot-on treatment with an oil formulation or an aqueous solution, washing animals with a shampoo formulation, or attachment of a collar or ear tag prepared from a resin formulation to animals for non-systemic control.
• the amounts of the present compounds when administered to ani- mal bodies are usually in the range of 0.1 to 1000 mg per 1 kg weight of each animal.
• the pesticide compositions of the present invention can also be used in admixture or combination with other insecticides, nematocides, acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, synergists, fertilizers, soil conditioners, animal feeds, and the like.
• insecticides and acaricides include organophosphorus compounds such as fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitro- phenyl) phosphorothioate], fenthion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-(methyl- thio)phenyl) phosphorothioate], diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6- methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate], chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl 0-3,5,6- trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate], DDVP [2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate], cyanophos [O-4-cyanophenyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate], dimethoate [O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) dithio
• synergists examples include bis-(2, 3,3,3- tetrachloropropyl) ether (S-421), N-(2-ethylhexyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene- 2,3-dicarboximide (MGK-264) and ⁇ -[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methyl- enedioxy-2-propyltoluene (piperonyl butoxide).
• Example 8 there was obtained 3.10 g of (2,4-dichlorobenzyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (13)).
• NEO-CHIOZOL Cho Kasei K.K.
• NEO-CHIOZOL Cho Kasei K.K.
• 25 parts of dimethyl ether and 25 parts of LPG are filled in the aerosol can, followed by shaking and attachment of an actuator, to give an oil-based aerosol.
• Each formulation of the compound 5, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingre-transient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test hquid for each compound.
• formulation of the compound 4 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 200 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound.
• Fifty grams of molding Bonsoru 2 (available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put into a polyethylene cup, and 10 to 15 seeds of rice were planted in the polyethylene cup. Then rice plants were grown until the second foHage leaves developed and then cut into the same height of 5 cm.
• the test Hquid for apphcation prepared above was sprayed at the rate of 20 ml/cup onto these rice plants. After the test Hquid sprayed onto the rice plants were dried, the polyethylene cup with the rice plants was placed in a large polyethylene cup and 30 first-instar larvae of Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) were set free in the large cup, which was then kept covered and left in a greenhouse at 25°C. On the 6th day after the release of Nilaparvata lugens larvae, the number of Nilaparvata lugens parasitic on the rice plants was examined.
• the number of parasitic pests on the 6th day after the treatment was not greater than 3.
• Test Example 2 (Pesticidal Test against Nilaparvata lugens) Each formulation of the compound 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 45.5 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound.
• Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper
• the number of parasitic pests on the 6th day after the treatment was not greater than 3.
• Each formulation of the compound 1 and 2 obtained according to Formulation Example 1 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound.
• a bundle of 3 to 4 of cotyledons (height of 3 to 5 cm) of rice was immersed in the test Hquid, which had been prepared as described above, for 1 minute.
• the test Hquid treated the rice plants was dried, a filter paper moistened with 1 ml of water was place on a bottom of polyethylene cup and then the bundle of cotyledons of rice was placed on it.
• Thirty first- instar larvae of Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) were set free in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered and left in a greenhouse at 25°C. On the 6th day after the release of Nilaparvata lugens larvae, the number of Nilaparvata lugens parasitic on the rice plants was examined.
• the number of parasitic pests on the 6th day after the treatment was not greater than 3.
• Each formulation of the compound 1 and 2 obtained according to Formulation Example 1 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 50 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound.
• a filter paper On the bottom of a polyethylene cup of 5 cm in diameter was placed a filter paper, to which the test Hquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 1 ml.
• One germinated seed of corn and 30 to 50 eggs of Diabrotica undecimpunctata was placed on the filter paper in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered and left in a room at 25°C. On the 6th day after, the number of surviving larvae of Diabrotica undecimpunctata was examined.
• Each formulation of the compound 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound.
• a filter paper On the bottom of a polyethylene cup of 5.5 cm in diameter was placed a filter paper on the same size, to which the test Hquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 0.7 ml, and 30 mg of sucrose as a bait was placed on it.
• Ten female adults of Musca domestica (house fly) were set free in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered. After 24 hours, their survival was examined to determine the mortafity.
• Test Example 6 (Pesticidal Test against Blattalla germanica) Each formulation of the compound 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound. On the bottom of a polyethylene cup of 5.5 cm in diameter was placed a filter paper on the same size, to which the test Hquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 0.7 ml, and 30 mg of sucrose as a bait was placed on it. Two male adults of Blattalla germanica (German cockroach) were set free in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered. After 6 days, their survival was examined to determine the mortahty.
• Test Example 7 (Pesticidal Test against Culex pipiens pallens)
• Each formulation of the compound 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test Hquid for each compound.
• the test Hquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 0.7 ml (the concentration of active ingredient was 3.5 ppm).
• Twenty final-instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens (common mosquito) were set free in the solution. After 1 days, their survival was examined to determine the mortahty. As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, it was exhibited the mortahty of 100%.
• the present invention makes it possible to effectively control pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests.

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