Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
  • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
  • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
  • A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
  • A61K51/088—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins conjugates with carriers being peptides, polyamino acids or proteins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
  • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
  • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
  • A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
  • A61K51/083—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins the peptide being octreotide or a somatostatin-receptor-binding peptide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/06—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the anterior pituitary hormones, e.g. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel radioactive octreotide derivatives that are glycosylated and bind the somatostatin receptor.
• SSTR-ligands are suitable for the in vivo targeting of somatostatin receptors and find broad application in nuclear verbn.
• Essential parts of these molecules are sugar moieties conjugated directly or via linkers to the bioactive part of the molecule.
• these derivatives labeled with radioisotopes such as Rhenium and Technetium, either via direct reductive methods or via tricarbonyl complexes, lead to potent somatostatin receptor ligands with improved tumor/non-tumor accumulation ratios, improved pharmacokinetics and improved internalization kinetics.
• the somatostatin receptor binding peptidic ligand of this invention are prepared from natural or unnatural (prepared) ligands. These ligands bear structural modifications at the N-terminal end or the C- terminal end or both termini. Said peptide ligands have affinity to sst- receptors and are graphically represented by the structure:
• compositions of this invention wherein there may be multiple ligands where is permitted the formation of di- and multimers by mixed C- and N- terminal coupling of the peptide chain.
• the scope of this invention cover homo-, dimer, homomultimers or different receptor binding structures, heterodimers, and heteromultimers .
• the di- and multimers can be formed by mixed C-and N- terminal coupling of the peptide chain.
• the ligand composition of this invention optionally contains at least one linker unit that can be multifunctional.
• linker unit allows coupling together of the peptide, sugar moiety and chelator to the via a condensation-, acylation-, alkylation-, substitution- or addition reaction.
• Typical linker units comprise ligands taken from peptidic or other organic structures such as - or D-amino acids such as lysine, ornithine serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, 0-amine serine, mercaptopropionic acid, hydroyy carbonic acides, amino carbonic acids, halogen carbonic acids or polyamino acids.
• the improved somatostatin receptor binding peptidic ligand of this invention comprises a carbohydrate, specifically a sugar such as a mono-, di- and trisaccharide .
• suitable sugars include glucose, galactose, maltose, mannose, maltrotriose and lactose coupled via covalent linkage. That is, the sugar can be combined via the Maillard reaction and Amadori rearrangement, glycosidic linkage, alklation, allyation or coupled via complex formation after modification, that is, formation of carbohydrate isonitritles or carbohydrated phophates .
• Another component of the improved somatostatin receptor binding peptidic ligand of this invention is a chelator.
• Typical chelators are peptidic or non-peptidic structures suitable for mono- or multidentate comlexation of radioisotopes of Tc and Re.
• the chelator useful in compositions of this invention comprise one or more
• ligand and coligand(s) organic molecules containing any number of functional groups necessary to the complexation of the radiometals, depending on its oxidation state and complex geometry.
• exemplary suitable chelators are, for example, histidine, picolylamine diacetic acid, hydroxy nicotine amide (HYNIC) , mercaptoacetyl-glycyl-glycyl- glycine (MAG3) and tetrapeptides .
• HYNIC hydroxy nicotine amide
• MAG3 mercaptoacetyl-glycyl-glycyl- glycine
• MAG3 mercaptoacetyl-glycyl-glycyl- glycine
• Figs. 1A-1C In Fig. 1A- 1C there is shown, in graphical schematic form, the various configurations into which the peptide ligands of this invention can be prepared. Other practical configurations may occur to those skilled in this art in keeping with the teaching
• Fig. 1A, Fig. IB and Fig. 1C there is shown mono- di- and multimers (wherein n is an integer of 2 or more) containing a linker moiety, L sugar moiety, S and a chelator, C capable of holding a radioisotope of Tc and Re.
• Figs. 1A, IB and 1C the termini of the peptide is designated by indicating the C- terminus by X, the opposite terminus being the N terminus .
• the pharmacophoric peptide is coupled with the C- or N- terminal end to the linker, chelator, etc.
• both the peptide ligand and the linker can comprise natural or unnatural amino acids.
• the ligand i.e. octreotide
• Fig. 1A there is shown various configurations of compoistions of this invention providing multimers of peptide ligands of two or more.
• the multimers may comprise either identical receptor peptide binding structures (homodimers, homomultimers) or different receptor binding structures (heterodimers, , heteromultimers) .
• Fig. IB there is shown various configurations of mers some of which contain a linker unit
• Fig. 1C there is shown dimers and multimers wherein multiple linker units are employed with varying orientation of the peptide and, of course, multiple petptide ligands.
• the dimers and multimers shown in Figs 1A and 1C can be formed via covalent linkage of the linker or the peptide ligand to the chelator or formation of a complex between the linker and the chelator.
• the invention is described in is illustrated in the non-limiting examples that follow.
• Rational design of peptide radiopharmaceuticals in vitro studies demonstrate a synergistic effect of carbohydration and C-terminal oxidation of octreotide on ligand induced SST-2 internalization
• Aims Besides by its pharmacokinetics, the suitability of a receptor based tracer for imaging and therapeutic purposes is mainly determined by its pharmacodynamic profile.
• Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydration of octreotide and octreotate on SSTR endo- and exocytosis (internalization and externalization) and reendocytosis (recirculation) .
• Gluc-TOCA shows a fivefold increase of the availability of the tracer on the cell surface compared to TOC.
• the internalization rate (internalized /surface bound act.) of TOC is not significantly affected by glycosylation, whereas TOCA shows a 1.4 fold increase.
• For Gluc-TOCA and Mtr-TOCA we observed internalization rates of 186 and 171% compared to TOC.
• N -glycosylated derivatives of Lys° (N -His) -TOC were used as precursors for 99m Tc-labelling using the organometallic aquaion [ 99m Tc (H 2 0) 3 (CO) 3 ] + -approach [ ] .
• the peptide was synthesized according to a standard Fmoc-SPPS protocol. Conjugation with glucose (Glue) and maltotriose (Mtr) was performed via Amadori reaction.
• Tyr 3 -octreotide (TOC) Tyr 3 -octreotate (TOCA) and their respective glucose- (Glue) , maltose- (Malt) and maltotriose- (Mtr) derivatives were synthesized via Fmoc- SPPS and subsequent carbohydrate conjugation. Radioiodination was performed using the iodogen method. Radiochemical yields ranged from 50 to 84 % after RP-HPLC- purification.
• tumor accumulation reached 12.2 ⁇ 1.0 and 14.0+6.3%ID/g at 2h p.i. with blood levels of 1.5 ⁇ 0.2%ID/g and 4.4 ⁇ 1.0%ID/g for [ 99m Tc]Gluc-K(H)TOC (T/liver 0.77, T/kidney 0.63) and [ 99m Tc]Mtr-K(H)TOC (T/liver 0.97, T/kidney 0.84), respectively .
• DHP-HM (3,4-Dihydro-2H-Pyran-2-ylmethoxymethylpolystyrol) - resin (1.000 g,0.94 mmol/g) was allowed to preswell in 10 ml of dry DCE (1, 20Dichloroethane) for 1 hour. Then a solution of Fmoc-Thr (tBu) -ol (1.266 g, 3.3 mmol) and of Pyridinium-p-toluenesulfonate (414 mg, 1.75 mmol) in 7 ml of dry DCE was added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 80°C under argon.
• Coupling was carried out in NMP by reacting 1.5 eq of amino acid derivative with 1.5 eq of HOBt(l- Hydroxybenzotriazol) , 1.5 eq of TBTU (O- (lH-benzoltriazol- 1-yl) -N,N,N' ,N' -Tetramethyluronium-Tetrafluoroborate) and 3.5 eq of DIPEA (N-Ethyl-diisopropylamine) . After adding the activated amino acid to the reaction vessel, the resin was agitated for an appropriate amount of time (usually 40-60 min) . The resin was then washed with additional NMP.
• the sequence of addition for the synthesis of TOC was Fmoc-Cys (Trt) , Fmoc-Thr (tBu) , Fmoc-Lys (Dde) , Fmoc- DTrp, Fmoc-Tyr, Fmoc-Cys (Trt) , Fmoc-Dphe and Fmoc- Lys (Boc) .
• the resin was washed several times with NMP and DCM. Dleavage from the resin and deprotection of the Thr-,Cys-and Lys°-sidechains was performed using a mixture of TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) /TIBS
• the peptide was dissolved in 1 ml piperidine/DMF (1:4) and stirred for 15 min. Precipitation with ether afforded the deprotected product with a yield of 86%.
• the glycosylated peptide was redissolved in a small volume of DMF, 2 vol % of hydrazine hydrate were added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 min.
• the deprotected peptide was precipitated by the addition of ether, washed eith ether and dried in vacuo .
• Boc-protecting groups on the His-residue were then removed redissolving the crude products in a small volume of TFA/TIBS/water (95:2.5:2.5) and stirring for 15 min at room temperature.
• the products were precipitated using either and purified via preparative RP-HPLC (gradient: 10-60% B in 30 min). Yields ranged from 17-32%.
• the peptide was dissolved in 2 ml piperidine/DMF (1:4) and stirred for 10 min. Precipitation with ether afforded the deprotected product with a yield of 84%.
• AR42J cells were maintained in RPMI 1640, supplemented with 10% FCS and 2 mM L-glutamine.
• the supernatant was pooled with the supernatant of the previous step.
• the six- well -plates were incubated at 37°C with resh culture medium (RPMI 1640, 1% BSA, 2 mM L-Glutamine) for 1 H prior to the experiment. Then app. 300000 cpm of radiometallated peptide in 10 ⁇ l of culture medium were added to each well (triplicate experiments for the reference compound (internal standard) [ 125 I]TOC and for the radiometallated compound of interest each) . After incubating for 120 min.
• RPMI 1640, 1% BSA, 2 mM L-Glutamine resh culture medium
• 300000 cpm of radiometallated peptide in 10 ⁇ l of culture medium were added to each well (triplicate experiments for the reference compound (internal standard) [ 125 I]TOC and for the radiometallated compound of interest each) . After incubating for 120 min.
• the supernatant was collected and the cells were washed once with 1 ml of cold medium. The supernatant was pooled with the supernatant of the previous step. To collect externalized radioactivity the cells were then incubated at 37°C with 1 ml of culture medium. After 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Respectively the supernatant was collected, the cells were washed once with 1 ml of culture medium and the supernatant was again pooled with the supernatant of the previous step. Then the cells were extracted with 1 ml of 1 N NaOH and the wells were rinsed once with PBS. This pooled fraction respresents radioligand still located in the cell. The activity in the NaOH- fraction as well as in the supernatant -and in the externalisation-fractions was counted in a ⁇ -Counter.

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