WO2002082548A2 - Integrierte, abstimmbare kapazität - Google Patents
Integrierte, abstimmbare kapazität Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002082548A2 WO2002082548A2 PCT/DE2002/001206 DE0201206W WO02082548A2 WO 2002082548 A2 WO2002082548 A2 WO 2002082548A2 DE 0201206 W DE0201206 W DE 0201206W WO 02082548 A2 WO02082548 A2 WO 02082548A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- region
- semiconductor
- connection
- gate
- insulating
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005254 Allium ampeloprasum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006108 Allium ampeloprasum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
- H01L29/92—Capacitors having potential barriers
- H01L29/94—Metal-insulator-semiconductors, e.g. MOS
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/08—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
- H01L27/0805—Capacitors only
- H01L27/0808—Varactor diodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an integrated, tunable capacity.
- Integrated, tunable capacities are used in large quantities to build resonant circuits.
- Such resonant circuits are constructed, for example, as LC oscillators, in which the capacitance is usually designed as a frequency-detunable element.
- the resonance circuit-determining inductances which are usually implemented in the form of coils, generally have a constant inductance value.
- VCO Voltage-controlled oscillators
- VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
- the aim is to achieve a large variation ratio of the capacitance, that is to say a large quotient of the maximum and minimum adjustable capacitance, due to the usually constant inductance already mentioned.
- Integrated, tunable capacities can be manufactured in different technologies and with different structures. For example:
- Capacitance diodes designed as tunable capacitors, which can be integrated either as single-ended or as differentially configured components, compare, for example, A.-S. Porret, T. Melly, C. C. Enz, E. A. Vittoz "Design of High-Q varactors for Low-Power Wireless Applications Using a Standard CMOS Process", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 35, No. 3, March 2000, pp. 337-345.
- the tunable capacitances can also be designed as NMOS or PMOS field effect transistors with short-circuited source / drain regions, for example in N wells, see for example P. Andreani, S. Mattisson, "On the Use of MOS Varactors in RF VCO's ", IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 35, No. 6, June 2000, p. 905-910.
- a differential PMOS-FET, an NMOS-FET in an n-well and an NMOS-FET in an n-well without connected diffusion areas are known from the above-mentioned reference Porret et al.
- the gated varactor and the NMOS field-effect transistor were formed in an n-well with p + extraction areas, and those with the largest possible tuning range so far.
- the high-frequency signal is usually applied to the gate connection, a second connection is used to supply the tuning voltage, and a third connection is used to apply a further voltage to enlarge the tuning range.
- the total, effective capacity of such a component depends on its respective operating state, such as inversion, depletion or accumulation or enrichment, and is determined by the voltages at the nodes mentioned.
- the generally constant, parasitic capacitances of such a component are generally always additive.
- the maximum achievable capacitance results as the sum of gate oxide capacitance, determined by the gate area and thickness of the gate oxide layer, and from the constant, parasitic capacitances between the gate and the source / drain regions.
- the minimum achievable capacitance results in depletion as a series connection of the gate oxide capacitance and the depletion or depletion
- Capacitance and in parallel the constant, parasitic capacitances between the gate and the source / drain regions With a given gate area and given technology which determines the gate oxide layer thickness, the tuning range can therefore only be increased by reducing the minimum capacitance and / or the constant capacitances.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an integrated, tunable capacity which has a large tuning range with high quality.
- the object is achieved with an integrated, tunable capacity
- At least one first insulating region which is introduced into the semiconductor body and which has a first layer thickness
- a second insulating region which is introduced into the semiconductor body adjacent to the first insulating region and has a common interface with the semiconductor region, with a second layer thickness smaller than the first layer thickness, and a gate electrode which is arranged on the second insulating region.
- the semiconductor region is understood to mean an area which is usually referred to as the active region of a semiconductor.
- layer thickness is meant in an orthogonal direction to the main side of the semiconductor body.
- the main side of the semiconductor body is understood to mean its active front side.
- the layer thickness of the first insulating layer or the first insulating region is substantially greater than that of the second insulating layer or the second insulating region.
- the first insulating layer can preferably be arranged directly adjacent to the semiconductor region of the first conductivity type.
- the gate region can be designed in such a way that a high-frequency signal can be supplied when the integrated, tunable capacitance is used in an LC oscillator.
- the connection for applying a tuning voltage to the semiconductor region can be designed, for example, as a substrate connection or as a trough connection.
- the described structure of the integrated, tunable capacitance makes it possible to achieve low parasitic capacitances and thus a large tuning range.
- a large distance between the gate connection and trough or substrate connections can be achieved with the at least one region of the first layer thickness described.
- the arrangement can preferably be symmetrical, so that between the connection for applying a tuning voltage and the gate region is provided with a first insulating layer with a relatively large layer thickness.
- the total, effective capacitance of the gate region in relation to all other circuit nodes is considered as variable capacitance.
- the total effective capacitance is formed as a series circuit from the constant gate capacitance and the tuning voltage-dependent rang charge zone capacitance. This series connection of the total effective capacitance is arranged in parallel with the parasitic capacitances between the gate region and the connection for applying the tuning voltage.
- the integrated, tunable capacity can be in one of
- High-frequency transistor structures known finger structure can be formed.
- the gate area can preferably be designed as a railway area.
- the integrated, tunable capacitance described has a large tuning range due to the low parasitic capacitances that can be achieved, it can preferably be used in LC resonant circuits with adjustable frequency, for example in voltage-controlled oscillators.
- Such oscillators can preferably be used in high-frequency applications, for example in transmitting and receiving parts for mobile radio.
- the gate region covers insulating regions with ring, second layer thickness completely, and areas with greater, at least first layer thickness partially.
- the partial coverage of the insulating regions of the first layer thickness is production-related, since it must be ensured that the original doping of the semiconductor region under the insulating layer of the second layer thickness does not change during the production process.
- the overlap is not necessary for the function of the component according to the invention.
- the gate electrode adjoins the at least one first insulating region along its circumference.
- the semiconductor region under the insulating layer of the second layer thickness is laterally almost completely or completely enclosed by one or more insulating regions with the first layer thickness.
- the insulating region of the first layer thickness Due to the insulating region of the first layer thickness and the fact that this is partially overlapped along the main side of the semiconductor body by the gate region, there are no overlapping capacities between the gate region over insulating regions of the second layer thickness and substrate or well connections for applying a tuning voltage.
- the capacitances between the gate region of the overlap region and the semiconductor regions adjacent to the insulating region of the first layer thickness are very small, since the first layer thickness is relatively large and, for example, considerably larger than that of a gate oxide layer.
- the well or substrate contacts are at a greater spatial distance from the gate region than from the source / drain regions in transistor varactors, the span is reduced. independent, constant gate edge capacity.
- the arrangement described achieves a significantly reduced sum of the parasitic capacitances, so that the maximum achievable tuning range is further increased.
- the semiconductor region is designed as a well with at least one well connection region of the first conductivity type, which has a higher dopant concentration than the rest of the semiconductor region.
- the semiconductor body can be formed from a substrate of the second conductivity type, which is relatively lightly doped.
- the at least one trough connection area is designed to apply a tuning voltage.
- a region for connection to reference potential is provided on the main side of the semiconductor body, which is connected to the semiconductor region of the first conductivity type and of a second conductivity type and is highly doped.
- the area for connection to the reference potential takes up only a small area in relation to the area requirement of the first insulating layers. This can result in an improved quality, depending on the geometry and doping conditions in depletion. Due to the small, relative area, the advantages regarding large tuning range are largely retained.
- a region is provided for connection to the tub contacts on the main side of the semiconductor body, which region is connected to the semiconductor region of the first conductivity type and also of the first conductivity type, but doped higher than the semiconductor region of is first conductivity type and which is connected to the at least one well connection region.
- the area for connection to the tub contacts, as well as the area for connection to the reference potential, are only provided at a few points in relation to the first insulating layer or with a small area fraction.
- the area described for connection to the tub contacts is effective in the case of enrichment or accumulation and likewise leads to a significantly improved quality with a practically unchanged tuning range.
- the area described for connection to the tub contacts enables large gate lengths of the integrated capacitance with high quality and thus overall space savings.
- the gate region is in a polycrystalline
- the first insulating layer is an oxide region. Oxide layers with a relatively large layer thickness measured orthogonally to the main side or active front side are also referred to as thick oxide layers. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first insulating layer is a so-called shallow trench insulation (STI) region.
- STI shallow trench insulation
- the second insulating layer is an oxide region.
- Oxide layers with a relatively small layer thickness, which directly adjoin a gate region, are also referred to as gate oxide.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of an integrated, tunable capacitance in a simplified representation
- FIG. 2 shows the top view of an integrated, tunable capacitance with a cross section according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a second exemplary embodiment of an integrated, tunable capacitance
- FIG. 4 shows a plan view of an integrated, tunable capacitance with a cross section according to FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a third exemplary embodiment of an integrated, tunable capacitance
- FIG. 6 shows a plan view of an integrated, tunable capacitance with a cross section according to FIG. 5,
- FIG. 7 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the adjustable capacitance and of the parasitic elements of an integrated, tunable capacitance.
- FIG. 8 shows a comparison of the tuning range of different exemplary embodiments of the integrated, tunable capacitance according to the invention compared to previously known embodiments in a standardized representation.
- FIG. 1 shows an integrated, tunable capacitance with a P-doped semiconductor body 1, which is designed as a substrate, with an N-doped semiconductor region 2, which is formed in the semiconductor body 1, and with a main side 3, which is the active front side of the semiconductor body 1 ,
- two first insulating layers 4 arranged symmetrically to one another are further provided, which border flatly on the main sides 3 and are spaced apart from one another by the active semiconductor region 2.
- a gate region 6 Arranged above this gate oxide layer 5 is a gate region 6 made of polycrystalline material, which completely covers the second insulating layer 5 and partially covers the adjacent first insulating layers 4.
- an N + -doped trough connection contact is provided in each case adjacent to the main side 3 and bears the reference symbol 7 and directly adjoins the thick oxide regions 4.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the first exemplary embodiment of a tunable capacitance according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 with the aid of a cross section.
- the N-doped well region 2 embedded in P substrate 1 is clearly recognizable.
- poly gate regions 6 are visible over thick oxide regions 4 (not shown) and gate regions 6 over thin oxide regions 5 (likewise not shown).
- Thick oxide regions 4 are also provided wherever no N + or P + regions are formed.
- the capacitance according to the invention is accordingly in an N-well 2.
- a poly-gate track 6 runs in a finger structure contacted on both sides over gate oxide 5, overlapping thick oxide regions 4.
- N + regions 7, which are designed as tub contacts, are located on both sides of the thick oxide region 4.
- an accumulation layer or a space charge zone is formed below the gate oxide 5 in the semiconductor region 2.
- the high-frequency signal is present at the gate connection 6, and a connection at the tub contacts 7 can be used to supply the tuning voltage.
- the capacitance according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a larger tuning range compared to MOS-based transistor varactors.
- the tuning range is increased in particular because the constant, parasitic capacitances are reduced.
- no overlap capacities are formed between the poly gate region 6 over the gate oxide 5 and the trough contacts 7.
- the overlap capacities between the poly gate region 6 over the thick oxide region 4 and the semiconductor regions adjacent to the thick oxide region 4 are very small, since the layer thickness of the thick oxide 4 is significantly greater than that of the oxide 5.
- the tub contacts 7 have a greater spatial distance than that from the poly gate 6 Source / drain areas in transistor varactors. As a result, the lateral, voltage-independent constant gate edge capacities are further reduced.
- the sum of the parasitic capacitances should be as small as possible, which results from the overlap capacitances C between gate region 6 via thick oxide 4 and the semiconductor regions adjacent to thick oxide 4 and from the edge scattering capacitances between Gate region 6 and tub connections 7 result.
- ⁇ 0 is the dielectric constant
- ⁇ r is the relative dielectric constant of the insulating material of the oxide layers
- A is the overlap between the gate region 6 and the thick oxide region 4
- B is the layer thickness of the second insulating layer 5
- C is the layer thickness of the first insulating layer 4.
- a * denotes the overlap of the gate electrode 6 with implantation regions of source and drain, spaced apart from one another by the gate oxide layer 5.
- Distance of the gate electrode from the drain / source regions is only a fraction of what can be achieved by the thick oxide regions in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a further development of the tunable capacitance according to FIGS. 1 and 2 on the basis of a cross section.
- This cross section has, in addition to the areas already explained for FIG. 1, substrate 1, semiconductor area 2, main side 3, thick oxide layer 4, thin oxide layer 5 and gate area 6 as well as the well contact 7, in addition a P + -doped area 8 which is connected to the Semiconductor region 2 lying under the gate oxide 5 is adjacent and has only a slight overlap with the gate region 6 and the gate oxide 5.
- the P + region 8, which is formed for connecting the active region to the reference potential on the main side 3 of the semiconductor body 1 is only at a few points in relation to the gate width in relation to thick oxide regions 4, in its place there , intended.
- FIG. 4 shows in the top view of the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 how, for example, the desired, relatively small area share of the P + regions 8 could be achieved.
- FIG. 4 corresponds to the embodiment Example of Figure 2.
- the connection of the active region 2 below the gate oxide 5 to a P + region 8 and thus to ground can, depending on the geometry and doping in depletion, enable an improvement in the quality.
- this connection is only made at a few points in relation to the gate width, the tuning range is practically not deteriorated.
- the described connection via the P + region 8 to reference potential makes it possible, on the one hand, to bring the component into deep depletion, that is to say to reduce the minimum, voltage-dependent capacitance and thus to increase the tuning range.
- the effective series resistance can be reduced, since not all of the current flows through the series resistance of the capacitance, but partly through parasitic capacitances according to the reference potential or between the gate and the well contacts.
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a tunable capacitance in a further development of the object of FIG. 3, in which, in addition to the P + connection regions 8 already described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, additional N + -doped regions 9 are provided at a few points on the component, which regions are there each replace the tub connection areas 7 and the thick oxide areas 4.
- the direct contacting of the active region 2 below the gate oxide 5 with the expanded well connection 9, which is N + -doped results in a reduced series resistance in the accumulation of the semiconductor region 2 without noticeably deteriorating the tuning range. This enables the use of large gate lengths and the associated space savings.
- the connection regions 9 also take up a relatively small chip area. ⁇
- connection 8 reference potential connection area
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02724125A EP1382070A2 (de) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-04-03 | Integrierte, abstimmbare kapazität |
US10/678,385 US7019384B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2003-10-03 | Integrated, tunable capacitance device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10116557A DE10116557A1 (de) | 2001-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Integrierte, abstimmbare Kapazität |
DE10116557.9 | 2001-04-03 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/678,385 Continuation US7019384B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2003-10-03 | Integrated, tunable capacitance device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002082548A2 true WO2002082548A2 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
WO2002082548A3 WO2002082548A3 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
Family
ID=7680195
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2002/001206 WO2002082548A2 (de) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-04-03 | Integrierte, abstimmbare kapazität |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7019384B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1382070A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10116557A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002082548A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4323392B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-14 | 2009-09-02 | Okiセミコンダクタ株式会社 | 半導体集積回路 |
EP1633005A1 (de) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-08 | Infineon Technologies AG | Monolithisch integrierter Kondensator |
KR100769145B1 (ko) | 2006-08-17 | 2007-10-22 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | 모스 바랙터 및 그 제조 방법 |
US8450832B2 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2013-05-28 | Globalfoundries Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Large tuning range junction varactor |
US7741187B2 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2010-06-22 | Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Ltd. | Lateral junction varactor with large tuning range |
US8373248B2 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2013-02-12 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Linear-cap varactor structures for high-linearity applications |
US9484471B2 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-11-01 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Compound varactor |
US9985145B1 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-05-29 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Variable capacitor structures with reduced channel resistance |
US10846456B2 (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2020-11-24 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. | Integrated circuit modeling methods and systems |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5965912A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-10-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Variable capacitor and method for fabricating the same |
US6034388A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-03-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Depleted polysilicon circuit element and method for producing the same |
US6351020B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2002-02-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Linear capacitor structure in a CMOS process |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03147376A (ja) * | 1989-11-02 | 1991-06-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 可変容量素子 |
EP1024538A1 (de) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-02 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | MOS Varaktor, insbesondere für Radiofrequenzsender-Empfänger |
US6172378B1 (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2001-01-09 | Silicon Wave, Inc. | Integrated circuit varactor having a wide capacitance range |
US6621128B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2003-09-16 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Method of fabricating a MOS capacitor |
US7235862B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2007-06-26 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Gate-enhanced junction varactor |
US6521506B1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-02-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Varactors for CMOS and BiCMOS technologies |
-
2001
- 2001-04-03 DE DE10116557A patent/DE10116557A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-04-03 WO PCT/DE2002/001206 patent/WO2002082548A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-03 EP EP02724125A patent/EP1382070A2/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-10-03 US US10/678,385 patent/US7019384B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5965912A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-10-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Variable capacitor and method for fabricating the same |
US6034388A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-03-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Depleted polysilicon circuit element and method for producing the same |
US6351020B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2002-02-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Linear capacitor structure in a CMOS process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1382070A2 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
US7019384B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
DE10116557A1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
WO2002082548A3 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
US20040065939A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
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