WO2002078918A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sägen von segmenten aus einem baumstamm - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sägen von segmenten aus einem baumstamm Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002078918A1 WO2002078918A1 PCT/EP2002/003449 EP0203449W WO02078918A1 WO 2002078918 A1 WO2002078918 A1 WO 2002078918A1 EP 0203449 W EP0203449 W EP 0203449W WO 02078918 A1 WO02078918 A1 WO 02078918A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tree trunk
- cut
- longitudinal
- sawing
- radial
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B1/00—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing
- B27B1/007—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing taking into account geometric properties of the trunks or logs to be sawn, e.g. curvature
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for sawing segments of a predetermined segment dimension, in particular with standing annual rings, from a tree trunk according to the preamble of claim 1 and an associated device according to the preamble of claim 6.
- the sawing processes for obtaining these components usually have to separate the required wooden parts from the tree trunk in such a way that the annual rings run largely parallel to one of the side surfaces or at a different predetermined angle to them.
- One possibility is to cut the tree trunk with wedge-shaped incisions.
- the annual rings run largely vertically within the preserved pieces their midline.
- the required wooden parts are then sawn out of the wedge-shaped pieces, planed or obtained in some other way.
- a disadvantage of this method is that due to the tapering. Shape of the wedge-shaped pieces the number of wooden parts available from one of these pieces is limited in terms of their shape and dimension. The part that can no longer be used for the wooden parts must either be used for parts of a different shape or dimension or be used as waste in other forms of recycling.
- Another problem is the creation of a cutting plan, on the basis of which the segments are to be sawn out and which is usually optimized with regard to minimal waste. If the cutting plan for the entire wood volume is formulated and solved before the start of the sawing process as a problem of combinatorial optimization, possibly with the inclusion of some structural features visible on the surface of the tree trunk, further structural features occurring during the sawing process can ensure that this optimum or at least close to the optimum is maintained make the horizontal plan impossible, which in most cases will result in a significantly increased waste.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device with which a maximum number of wood segments with special properties or pieces of wood, from which these wood segments can be obtained by further processing steps, are sawn consecutively from a tree trunk with a minimized proportion of waste can be.
- the required properties can be, for example, a certain dimensioning, shape or the achievement or compliance with certain fiber courses, for example, growth rings that are standing or inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a reference surface.
- the method should take into account structural features of the tree during the sawing process.
- segment is used as a synonym for the actual segment as well as a piece of wood ⁇ the one from which the ultimately desired segment by further processing steps such as cutting, grinding or milling can be obtained.
- a tree trunk and a saw are relatively moved so that single Segmen ⁇ te by the provision of radial and tangential longitudinal sections along the tree trunk out of this removed can.
- the segments obtained can be processed at the same time or in subsequent steps.
- the longitudinal cuts are made and their depth of cut is adjusted so that one segment is sawn out, taking into account structural features of the tree trunk, if necessary.
- the cuts are made on the basis of the surface geometry obtained from previous sawing steps.
- the structural features include all properties of the tree that are important for the sawing process and the properties of the segments to be preserved. These are in particular the course of the annual rings, inclusions, missing or rotten spots in the wood, knotholes or the surface profile of the tree.
- the sawing out of a segment with a length that corresponds to that of the tree trunk will be shown.
- the respective, "freely selectable" cutting depth is determined by the shape and dimensioning of the segment as well as by structural features of the trunk.
- the positions of certain structural features can be recorded after a visual inspection of the trunk or by automated detection, e.g. by mechanically scanning the surface with a sensor or by scanning the wood volume and entering it in a suitable data memory , Can also by a special device, for example during the sawing processes, the surface profile or the volume of the tree trunk.
- An electronic arithmetic unit, together with storage and control elements, is able to calculate a cutting plan that takes into account all requirements with regard to the error-free nature of the segments received and waste minimization.
- the cutting plan can only consist of a selection of the position of the next segment to be sawn, or it can include an optimization with regard to a certain number of future cuts.
- Heuristic methods or known solution methods for combinatorial problems such as e.g. Simulated annealing, branch-and-bound or taboo search methods can be used. If the solution space is sufficiently small, a complete enumeration can also be carried out. In many cases and with largely flawless wood, it will be possible to successively saw out segments.
- the tree trunk is rotated by a certain angle and a second longitudinal cut, which runs radially towards the axis of rotation, is made in the tree trunk, "the depth of cut of which is determined by the same criteria as in the first longitudinal cut.
- a tangential longitudinal cut is made to separate the segment from the tree trunk. It may be necessary, particularly at the beginning of the method, to make an initial free cut which enables the tangential longitudinal cut to be made at the required angle. During the progressing sawing process, this cutting angle can generally be due to the geometric conditions that are created by previously sawn out segments without any further cutouts. Another possibility of avoiding the initial cut-out is to cut the log in half along its longitudinal axis before starting the sawing process. The process is then carried out for one of the two halves. In principle, further division methods can also be implemented before the start of the method, for example sawing into three or four parts.
- the second radial longitudinal cut and the tangential longitudinal cut can be carried out in any order, which results in different turning processes of the tree trunk for setting the required positions of the saw and the tree.
- a preferred embodiment of the method consists in making the cuts in such a way that the centers of the segments sawn from the tree trunk lie on a helical line of attachment. With every step the sawing process approaches the axis of rotation of the tree trunk as its center. Suitable setting options for reaching this target line are the cutting depths of the radial longitudinal sections and a cutting angle of the tangential longitudinal section that deviates from the tangent. Cutting depths and cutting angles are combined in such a way that the center of a segment sawn from the tree trunk is closer to the axis of rotation on average, than the previously sawn segment. However, this does not preclude that due to the structural features of the tree trunk, this requirement can occasionally be deviated from.
- tangential longitudinal section can also be made in deviation from a strictly tangential orientation.
- This embodiment of the method ensures a constantly progressing and uninterrupted sawing process, which in general can do without further cutouts, apart from the initial cut.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a cutting method for segments from a tree trunk according to the prior art.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for an exemplary embodiment of the inventive method for pull ⁇ gene segments from a tree trunk; 3 shows an overall figurative representation of the implementation of the method according to the invention;
- Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of saw cuts when separating segments from a tree trunk
- Fig. 5 shows the schematic sequence of sawing segments from a tree trunk.
- FIG. 1 shows by way of example how a cutting process for sawing segments 2 from a tree trunk 1 takes place according to the prior art. If a tree trunk 1 is broken down by wedge cuts tapering inwards, so that wedge-shaped cutouts 3 are formed, only a single segment 2 can be obtained from the parts obtained in this way.
- the segments 2 have been chosen here as a placeholder for a wood region that meets the requirements for a wooden part to be cut out, that is, it specifies a cutting plan or pattern according to which a tree trunk can be dismantled.
- the rest of the part can only be used for segments with smaller dimensions or other wood products '' or 'does not represent' usable waste;
- the width of the cutout 3 must be selected so that defects in the wood when sawing out the segment 2 can be taken into account. The spacing between the segments 2 resulting from the variable cutting required for this leads to additional waste losses.
- the method according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 offers smaller amounts of waste. Dispensing with wedge-shaped incisions in the trunk one he ⁇ laubt better utilization of the timber volume.
- the segments 2 are obtained by successive saw cuts taking into account the existing conditions, such as surface profile or wood defects, and the waste is minimized. In this example, the extraction of only a single type of segments 2 is shown. Nevertheless, a space-saving or volume-saving combination of different types of segments can be realized, which allows a further reduction in the waste.
- the segments 2 can fundamentally have different sizes or shapes, but the segments 2 shown in the figure are uniform, purely schematic and are shown in a size to clarify the method, which actually is at the upper limit of the • requirements for most applications
- the dimensions used are likely to be .- With a decreasing segment dimension, a better utilization of the wood volume can usually be achieved, although it should be noted that due to the mostly necessary finishing or further processing of the wood piece, there is still excess material beyond the shape to be achieved got to .
- FIG. 3 shows an overall figurative view of an implementation of the method according to the invention.
- a tree trunk opposite ⁇ a '1' is - Saw 4 are moved longitüdinal 'so that individual by radial longitudinal sections A and tangential longitudinal sections B segments 2 from the trunk 1 mitge ⁇ saws.
- the tree trunk 1 can be rotated about its axis of rotation C and displaced in a first spatial direction D and a second spatial direction E perpendicular thereto.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the saw ⁇ sections in an already advanced stage of the saw ⁇ process.
- the surface of the tree trunk 1 is no longer round but polygonal due to the ⁇ sawing steps.
- a segment, or the piece of wood mentioned above, from which the segment can be obtained, is now cut from the tree trunk 1 by two successive cuts or, depending on the design of the sawing device, simultaneous cuts, a radial longitudinal cut A 5 and a tangential longitudinal cut B removed.
- the order of the two cuts is basically interchangeable and is determined from a procedural point of view.
- the log 1 must be rotated about its axis of rotation C between the two cuts.
- 5a-5c the sequence of the successive sawing out of several segments 2 from a tree trunk 1 is shown.
- 5a shows the tree trunk 1 which has already been processed by previous steps, from which a segment 2 in FIG.
- the tree trunk 1 is then rotated clockwise until an area of the saw is accessible from which a further segment 2 can be sawn. This situation is in Fig ' . 5c ". After the" outside ' of segment ' 2 ' , the tree trunk is further moved into the position shown in FIG. 5d.
- the sawing out of segments can also Schehen in a sequence ge ⁇ which has a helical course of the tangential longitudinal sections B and thereby continuously progresses from the 30 surface of the log 1 to the axis of rotation C.
- ge ⁇ which has a helical course of the tangential longitudinal sections B and thereby continuously progresses from the 30 surface of the log 1 to the axis of rotation C.
- the circular or layered cutting sequence which is also technically feasible, is shown here. The process is ended when no more segments 2 can be cut from the remaining wood volume.
- the figures shown represent one of many embodiments and those skilled in the art alternative forms of implementation, e.g. can derive using other segment shapes or sawing or separating agents.
- the tree trunk can be moved relative to a fixed saw or the saw can be moved relative to a fixed tree trunk.
- 'Form - represents a combination of a movable "tree trunk and a movable saw.
- Another form of implementation is the use of several sawing units or saw blades, which allow several of the sawing steps to be carried out simultaneously or in quick succession, possibly with reduced movement of the tree trunk.
- the segments always have the length of the entire tree trunk.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH5842001 | 2001-03-29 | ||
CH0584/01 | 2001-03-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002078918A1 true WO2002078918A1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2002/003449 WO2002078918A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-27 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sägen von segmenten aus einem baumstamm |
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WO (1) | WO2002078918A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE852899C (de) * | 1950-11-30 | 1952-10-20 | Rudolf Dipl-Ing Rossmann | Verfahren zum Zerschneiden von Rundholz |
EP0294997A2 (de) * | 1987-06-12 | 1988-12-14 | Erling Jim Andersen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sägen von Baumstämmen |
US5421385A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-06-06 | The Coe Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for processing log for sawmill including end dogging carriage which rotationally repositions log to cutting position determined by computer after non-rotational scanning |
DE19936312A1 (de) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-04-19 | Hofer C O Bidac Gmbh Srl Bernh | Verfahren zum Zerteilen eines Naturrohstoffkörpers |
-
2002
- 2002-03-27 WO PCT/EP2002/003449 patent/WO2002078918A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE852899C (de) * | 1950-11-30 | 1952-10-20 | Rudolf Dipl-Ing Rossmann | Verfahren zum Zerschneiden von Rundholz |
EP0294997A2 (de) * | 1987-06-12 | 1988-12-14 | Erling Jim Andersen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sägen von Baumstämmen |
US5421385A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-06-06 | The Coe Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for processing log for sawmill including end dogging carriage which rotationally repositions log to cutting position determined by computer after non-rotational scanning |
DE19936312A1 (de) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-04-19 | Hofer C O Bidac Gmbh Srl Bernh | Verfahren zum Zerteilen eines Naturrohstoffkörpers |
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