WO2002075136A1 - Verfahren zum warmlauf eines einer fremdgezündeten, direkteinspritzenden verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten katalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zum warmlauf eines einer fremdgezündeten, direkteinspritzenden verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten katalysators Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002075136A1 WO2002075136A1 PCT/EP2002/001494 EP0201494W WO02075136A1 WO 2002075136 A1 WO2002075136 A1 WO 2002075136A1 EP 0201494 W EP0201494 W EP 0201494W WO 02075136 A1 WO02075136 A1 WO 02075136A1
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- Prior art keywords
- injection
- engine
- internal combustion
- ignition
- ignition angle
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/068—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for warming-up
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D37/02—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3023—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3076—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion with special conditions for selecting a mode of combustion, e.g. for starting, for diagnosing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D2041/389—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type for injecting directly into the cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/28—Control for reducing torsional vibrations, e.g. at acceleration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for warming up at least one catalytic converter connected downstream of a spark-ignited, direct-injection internal combustion engine, in particular after an engine start of the internal combustion engine, with the features of the preambles of the independent claims.
- Catalysts are used in exhaust gas tracts of internal combustion engines in order to convert pollutants in exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine into less environmentally relevant components. To maintain their operational readiness, catalysts must have warmed up to at least a catalyst-specific light-off or light-off temperature.
- the light-off temperature denotes the temperature at which the catalyst has a conversion efficiency of 50%. Since the catalytic converter does not usually have its light-off temperature for a certain period of time, in particular after a cold engine start of the internal combustion engine, the pollutants of the exhaust gas reach the atmosphere unconverted during this period.
- Various strategies are known for accelerating a catalytic converter warm-up.
- an ignition angle that is to say a point in time at which an ignition of an air / fuel mixture takes place in a cylinder, during the warm-up in the late direction with respect to an ignition angle with the highest efficiency.
- This retardation of the ignition angle reduces the working efficiency of the combustion and at the same time increases the combustion or exhaust gas temperature.
- the catalyst heating is accelerated.
- the retard ignition method is limited at ignition angles at which the uneven running of the internal combustion engine increases in an impermissible manner and reliable ignition can no longer be guaranteed.
- Another method for increasing the exhaust gas temperature is opened by a so-called multiple injection, which has recently been described for direct-injection, spark-ignition internal combustion engines in which the fuel is injected directly into a combustion chamber of a cylinder by means of injection valves (WO 00/08328, EP O 982 489 A2, WO 00/57045).
- a total amount of fuel to be supplied during a working cycle of a cylinder is divided into two portions and fed to a combustion chamber of the cylinder with two injection processes.
- a first, early injection takes place during an intake stroke of the cylinder such that the amount of fuel injected has a homogeneous distribution in the combustion chamber at the subsequent ignition point.
- a second, late injection is carried out during a subsequent compression stroke, in particular during the second half of the compression stroke, and leads to a so-called stratified charge, in which the injected fuel cloud essentially concentrates in the area around a spark plug of the cylinder.
- stratified charge in which the injected fuel cloud essentially concentrates in the area around a spark plug of the cylinder.
- stratified charge in which the injected fuel cloud essentially concentrates in the area around a spark plug of the cylinder.
- stratified charge in multi-injection operation of the internal combustion engine, there is a mixed operation of stratified charge and homogeneous charge.
- the multi-injection mode leads to an increased exhaust gas temperature compared to pure homogeneous mode due to its special type of combustion process.
- there is another advantage of multiple injection in a reduced raw emission of nitrogen oxides NO x and unburned hydrocarbons HC which leads to a reduction in pollutant breakthrough during the warm-up phase.
- the initiation of the multiple injection and its termination in other words the transition from single to multiple injection operation and back, is problematic.
- the late stratified injection leads to a partial knock-off of the fuel on the piston crown due to the cold internal combustion engine after the engine has started the cylinder edges and on the spark plug.
- This fuel which does not evaporate at the cold engine temperature, is not available in the subsequent combustion process.
- misfiring and turbulent combustion occur.
- Another problem is the early ignition angle at the time of switching to multiple injection, which is in particular before the top ignition dead center ZOT. Since an injection end of the late injection is also in or shortly before this range, the mixture cannot be optimally prepared, since there is not enough time to transport the layer cloud from the injector to the spark plug. As a result, increased raw HC emissions can be observed.
- the object of the present invention is to develop a method for warming up the catalytic converter in which engine heating measures, in particular a switchover to a multiple injection mode and back, take place with the formation of the lowest possible raw emissions and minimal torque fluctuations.
- the engine measure or combination of measures taken during a warm-up which has the strongest heating effect is at the earliest after a delay of at least two work cycles of the internal combustion engine, in particular of at least three, preferably at least five work cycles, after the engine has started.
- the end of the engine is understood to mean the point in time at which the engine speed is for the first time in a speed range from 95 to 105% of a target idling speed after a speed overshoot during the starting process. If, due to the principle, no pronounced overshoot occurs during the starting process, the engine end is understood to mean the point in time at which the engine speed is continuously in the speed range of 95 to 105% of the target idling speed for at least 0.5 seconds.
- the work cycle is understood to mean that all work files of an internal combustion engine are run through once on a cylinder. In the case of the index engine, these are two crankshaft revolutions.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to keep torque jumps small, for example by successively switching the heating measures in the order of their heating potential and / or be reinforced. Even if the planned heating measure or measures are initiated in a single step after the delay phase has elapsed, the advance causes a certain preheating and stabilization of the internal combustion engine, so that the subsequent jump in torque is more reproducible and easier to regulate and reliable ignition and combustion can be maintained ,
- a single injection mode during which the ignition angle is retarded at least temporarily, is carried out in a first phase of the warm-up and is switched over to a multiple injection mode in a subsequent second phase.
- the ignition timing retard is understood to mean any ignition timing that is after an ignition point with the best engine efficiency, in particular at a reduced one Engine efficiency by at least 5%.
- the cylinder is already heated to such an extent by the ignition angle retardation that occurs in the first phase that a so-called wall film problem can be effectively mitigated by condensing fuel from a late injection of the multiple-injection operation.
- a further variant of the method according to the invention provides that after the engine has started, operation with 30 to 100% of an injected fuel quantity takes place in a mixture preparation that is essentially homogeneous at an ignition time, and in a subsequent second phase, multiple injection operation, in which at least at the ignition time 35% of an injected fuel quantity is in stratified charge and at least 20% of the fuel quantity in homogeneous distribution.
- the first phase preferably takes place in pure homogeneous operation, with all of the injected fuel being present in an essentially homogeneous mixture preparation at the time of ignition.
- homogeneous operation is understood to mean a fuel density distribution in the combustion chamber at the time of ignition, in which a deviation of the highest fuel density at one point in the combustion chamber from the lowest fuel density at another combustion chamber point is less than 30%.
- Such homogeneity can be achieved in a known manner by injection during an intake stroke of the cylinder, in particular within the first half of the intake stroke.
- the multiple injection preferably comprises two injections, a first, early injection taking place essentially during an intake stroke of a cylinder, preferably in a first half of the intake stroke, and a second, late injection during a subsequent compression stroke, preferably in a second half of the compression stroke.
- a first, early injection taking place essentially during an intake stroke of a cylinder, preferably in a first half of the intake stroke
- a second, late injection during a subsequent compression stroke, preferably in a second half of the compression stroke.
- such a mixed fuel preparation leads simultaneously to an increase in the combustion or exhaust gas temperature and to a reduction in a raw emission of unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
- the fuel proportions of the two injections are preferably selected so that the homogeneous injection results in a very lean air-fuel gas that cannot be ignited on its own. Mixture leads, which can only be burned with the help of the stratified charge of the second injection.
- the amount of fuel supplied in the homogeneous injection should not be less than 20% of the total amount of fuel supplied.
- a slightly lean to stoichiometric air-fuel mixture with a lambda value between 1 and 1.2 is set overall during warm-up.
- the lambda value can be shifted more lean during the multiple injection phase than during the previous first phase of warming up. This makes use of the fact that a light-off temperature of the catalytic converter in a lean exhaust gas atmosphere is lower than in a stoichiometric atmosphere.
- the first phase is initially started with an early ignition angle, in particular with an ignition angle before the upper ignition dead center ZOT, which preferably corresponds to the ignition angle selected during engine start.
- This early ignition angle is subsequently progressively adjusted in the direction of a later point in time, in particular according to the ZOT.
- the progressive retardation of the ignition angle can take place continuously and / or in stages.
- the last ignition angle of the first phase is preferably adopted and continues to be progressively retarded. It is particularly preferably provided to carry out the changeover at an ignition angle at which purely homogeneous operation is just still possible.
- the changeover by 6 °, in particular by 4 °, preferably by 2 °, should take place before this critical ignition angle, in order to ensure a margin for compensation of the torque change occurring when switching over to the multiple injection mode in the form of a corrective ignition angle intervention.
- the changeover to multiple injection mode can advantageously take place at an ignition angle of 0 to 20 ° according to ZOT, in particular of 10 ° according to ZOT, taking into account the torque reserve.
- the ignition timing should be progressively shifted in the direction of the latest ignition angle, depending on the engine version, whereby a maximum ignition angle of 20 to 45 ° according to ZOT, in particular of approximately 35 ° according to ZOT, should not be exceeded.
- an injection angle or injection timing of the late stratified injection is progressively adjusted late, in particular essentially synchronously with the progressive retardation of the ignition angle which occurs at the same time.
- An injection end of the late injection is preferably shifted with a substantially constant distance from the ignition angle of 50 to 100 °, in particular of 60 to 80 °.
- this distance it is also conceivable to vary this distance depending on the engine speed and / or injection pressure. In this way, a constant, optimal time for the mixture preparation of the stratified injection and transport of the fuel cloud to the spark plug can always be guaranteed.
- the multiple injection operation for example after at least partial warm-up of an at least first catalytic converter, can be terminated particularly advantageously depending on a current operating point of the internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine is at the beginning of a load request phase, for example in a start-up and / or an acceleration phase, the torque reserve used for the heating measure can be used immediately and the multiple injection and / or the ignition timing retardation can be stopped directly and the internal combustion engine in the Homogeneous or shift operation can be switched.
- the internal combustion engine is in a constant load phase after warming up, for example in an idling state, the heating measures are preferably withdrawn in the reverse order of their initiation.
- All the time sequences of the described methods in particular the initiation of that engine measure or the combination of measures with the strongest heating effect, the switchover to multiple-injection operation and / or the recognition of the warm-up and withdrawal of the measures, can be measured and / or modeled Engine and / or exhaust gas and / or catalyst temperature take place and / or on the basis of a time which has elapsed since the engine started and / or crankshaft revolutions and / or distance traveled and / or a cumulative exhaust gas heat flow.
- FIG. 2 shows time profiles of raw emissions of unburned hydrocarbons during a warm-up phase using two methods not according to the invention
- Figure 3 temporal profiles of engine speed, ignition angle and injection angle according to a method for warming up the catalyst according to a first
- FIG. 4 shows time profiles of engine speed, ignition angle and injection angle according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 shows time profiles of engine speed, ignition angle and injection angle according to a third embodiment of the invention
- Figure 6 temporal courses of engine speed, ignition angle and injection angle during an end of warming up according to a fourth
- Figure 7 temporal profiles of engine speed, ignition angle and injection angle during the end of warming up according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an approach for warming up a catalytic converter downstream of a direct-injection internal combustion engine according to the prior art.
- a starter start during which a starter starts, couples to the internal combustion engine and initially drives it to a minimum speed.
- An engine start phase takes place between t 0 and t, in which the engine speed n of the internal combustion engine runs up in order to finally level off in the range of a largely constant desired idling speed.
- the ignition angle ⁇ z is a crankshaft angle KWW before the top ignition dead center ZOT, in particular on the Ignition angle set with the best engine efficiency or the highest starting reliability.
- the internal combustion engine in order to raise an exhaust gas temperature and to accelerate the heating of the downstream catalytic converter, the internal combustion engine is switched to a multiple injection mode at the time t 0 when the engine starts up.
- Part of the fuel quantity is injected during the intake stroke so that it is present in homogeneous mixture preparation at the ignition point (homogeneous injection).
- the remaining amount of fuel is injected in a second, late injection during a compression stroke, in particular during its second half (stratified injection).
- the injection angle ⁇ EE for the late injection (stratified injection) is kept constant during warm-up.
- the ignition angle ⁇ z is conventionally adjusted in the direction of a later point in time, typically in the region of the upper ignition dead center ZOT.
- the problem with the procedure presented here is, on the one hand, the short time interval between the injection time of the late stratified injection and the ignition time, and the short distance between the injection valve and the piston crown at the time of the injection.
- the late-injected fuel cannot be optimally formed as a layer cloud and transported into the area of the spark plug. Rather, the fuel is concentrated in the form of a stratified charge cloud predominantly in the area of the piston crown at the time of ignition.
- the mixture preparation is adversely affected by the late injection of the multi-injection mode, which begins immediately at the start of the engine start t 0 , since the late-injected fuel tends to condense on the piston crown, the cylinder walls and the spark plug due to the still cold engine, in particular the cold piston crown, and complete evaporation due to the low temperatures does not take place.
- the consequence of the mixture preparation time being too short and the cold combustion chamber result in increased uneven running, significantly increased raw HC emissions, misfires and possibly a shutdown of the internal combustion engine.
- the heating measures are conventionally ended at time t E when the catalytic converter has reached its light-off temperature. As with the initiation of multiple injection operation, a significant jump in torque is observed at this point.
- FIG. 2 shows measured courses of the raw emission of unburned hydrocarbons HC when the internal combustion engine according to two non-inventive Process for warming up the catalyst is operated.
- the measurements were carried out after a cold engine start at 20 ° C and the vehicle speed profile v FZG shown in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle NEDC.
- the zero point of the time axis corresponds to the end of the engine start (time t, in FIG. 1), i.e. the time at which the engine speed is for the first time in the range of a target idle speed ⁇ 5% after a speed overshoot during the starting process.
- the air-fuel ratio was adjusted to a slightly lean lambda value between 1.0 and 1.1.
- the curve HC SZ shows the raw HC emission of the internal combustion engine with conventional spark ignition with a latest ignition angle of about 10 ° according to ZOT in single injection mode with homogeneous mixture preparation.
- the course of the HC ME shows the raw HC emission in multiple injection mode with 50% of the injected fuel quantity in homogeneous and 50% in stratified fuel processing.
- a control end of the late injection was approximately 40 ° before ZOT and a latest ignition angle was approximately 27 ° after ZOT.
- the respective heating measures i.e. spark ignition (HC SZ ) or multiple injection / spark ignition (HC ME ) were initiated immediately after engine start t. Both curves show clear HC emission maxima at around 3 to 4 seconds.
- the multiple injection mode means that pollutant emissions are much higher than with conventional retarded ignition.
- the heating measure When the heating measure is initiated, there is initially a comparatively early ignition angle of approximately 10 ° before ZOT. In a period of about 1.5 to 3 seconds, the ignition angle is shifted to the latest ignition angle depending on the heating measures.
- conventional retarded ignition With conventional retarded ignition, the essentially homogeneous mixture preparation in the entire ignition angle window between 20 ° before ZOT and 10 ° after ZOT has sufficient ignition security so that only an HC emission maximum of around 100 g / h is achieved. If, on the other hand, multiple injection is used as the heating measure, no flame-proof mixture preparation is possible at the start of the heating measure, i.e. at an ignition angle of 10 ° before ZOT.
- the HC emission maximum is around 190 g / h, significantly higher and more time-consuming than with conventional late ignition. It can also be seen that at ignition angles according to the prior art in the area around ZOT (cf. FIG. 1), it is not possible to prepare the mixture in a favorable manner.
- FIG. 3 shows an introduction of the motor heating measures according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the engine start (t,) becomes a at time t 2 Catalyst heating request, for example based on a measured or modeled catalyst temperature, recognized.
- the multiple-injection operation is initiated with an early homogeneous injection taking place in the intake stroke and a late stratified injection taking place in the compression stroke, the triggering end of the stratified injection ⁇ EE being initially set to a very early point in time, for example to 60 to 80 ° before ZOT.
- the control end ⁇ EE of the stratified injection is subsequently adjusted late.
- a progressive retardation of the ignition angle ⁇ z begins, which was 10 ° before ZOT at the end of the engine start, for example.
- Injection angle EE and ignition angle ⁇ z are essentially retarded synchronously, preferably with a constant distance from one another of 50 to 100 °, in particular 60 to 80 °, this distance being able to be varied depending on the engine speed n and / or an injection pressure. This ensures a sufficient time for the mixture preparation.
- the injection angle ⁇ EE and the ignition angle ⁇ z have reached their maximum specifications in terms of heating power.
- the formation of the stratified charge of the late injection of the multiple injection mode and its transport to the spark plug can be promoted by appropriate surface designs of the piston crown, in particular depressions, and by the generation of suitable air flow conditions in the combustion chamber. These measures are known from stratified, direct-injection internal combustion engines and are not explained in more detail here.
- the exemplary embodiment of the method shown in FIG. 3 is particularly advantageous for internal combustion engines which generate stratified charge operation predominantly in an air-guided manner.
- FIG. 4 An advantageous further development of the method is shown in FIG. 4.
- a progressive retardation of the ignition angle ⁇ z is initiated in a first phase as a first heating measure.
- the internal combustion engine is operated with a main part, preferably all of the fuel, in a homogeneous combustion chamber distribution, for which the fuel is preferably injected within the intake stroke.
- the multiple injection mode is initiated at a time t 3 at an ignition angle of 0 ° to 20 ° according to ZOT, preferably at 10 ° according to ZOT.
- This ignition angle range also represents a limit up to which stable homogeneous operation is just still possible.
- the changeover to multiple injection mode is particularly advantageously carried out a few degrees before the last possible homogeneous ignition angle, in order to keep a torque reserve available for a possibly necessary corrective ignition angle intervention after switching over to the multiple injection.
- the last ignition angle ⁇ z which is present during the single injection operation is taken into account in multiple injection operation taking this ignition angle intervention into account and is also progressively retarded after the changeover at the time t 3 until a latest possible injection angle ⁇ z is reached at the time t 4 .
- This is about a maximum of 35 ° according to ZOT.
- a certain torque reserve should also be taken into account here (about ⁇ 2 °) in order to be able to perform torque control, for example, when idling.
- control end ⁇ EE of the stratified injection is set from the beginning to a desired setting of, for example, 40 ° before ZOT and is not subsequently changed since there is a sufficient distance between the ignition angle ⁇ z and the injection angle ⁇ EE from the beginning (t 3 ) of the multiple injection , Sufficient mixture preparation and an optimal combustion process can thus always be guaranteed, even during multiple injection operation.
- a maximum exhaust gas temperature was reached at time t 4 with a delay of a few work cycles after the end of the engine at time t.
- the ignition angle ⁇ z is controlled essentially analogously to the previous example.
- the multiple-injection operation is initiated again at an ignition angle ⁇ z of approximately 10 ° according to ZOT, a triggering end of the injection angle ⁇ EE of preferably 50 to 70 ° before ZOT being set for the stratified injection.
- the ignition angle is ⁇ EE synchronously with the injection angle ⁇ z retarded progressively until the time t 4, the injection angle ⁇ EE and ignition angle ⁇ z have reached their target areas and the maximum heating output is present. From this point on, both angles are kept constant.
- injection end ⁇ EE and ignition angle ⁇ z have a largely constant, possibly engine speed and / or injection pressure-dependent distance of 50 to 100 °, preferably 60 to 80 °, so that an optimal mixture preparation is achieved.
- torque neutrality pollutant emissions and smooth running
- the example shown in FIG. 5 represents the optimal solution.
- the respective motor heating measures are preferably withdrawn in the reverse order to their initiation, provided that the internal combustion engine is largely in constant load request operation, for example in an idle state.
- a corresponding embodiment is shown in Figure 6.
- Sufficient heating of the catalytic converter, preferably a pre-catalytic converter, is detected here at time t 5 , for example on the basis of a measured and / or modeled catalytic converter temperature. Alternatively, this point can also be recognized on the basis of a time which has elapsed since the engine start t, revolutions that have taken place since the engine started, a distance traveled and / or a registered heat flow.
- both the control end ⁇ EE of the stratified injection and the ignition angle ⁇ z are adjusted continuously and with an essentially constant, possibly operating point-dependent distance from one another in the direction of an earlier point in time.
- a termination takes place of the multiple injection (time t 6).
- the ignition angle is adjusted such ⁇ continue progressively early to about a desired ignition angle is reached depends on the current operating point of the internal combustion engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/471,636 US20040163379A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-02-13 | Method for warming up a catalytic converter arranged downstream from a spark-ignition, direct injection internal combustion engine |
DE50212866T DE50212866D1 (de) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-02-13 | Verfahren zum warmlauf eines einer fremdgezündeten, direkteinspritzenden verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten katalysators |
EP02716768A EP1379767B1 (de) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-02-13 | Verfahren zum warmlauf eines einer fremdgezündeten, direkteinspritzenden verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten katalysators |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10114050A DE10114050A1 (de) | 2001-03-15 | 2001-03-15 | Verfahren zum Warmlauf eines einer fremdgezündeten, direkteinspritzenden Verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten Katalysators |
DE10114050.9 | 2001-03-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002075136A1 true WO2002075136A1 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2002/001494 WO2002075136A1 (de) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-02-13 | Verfahren zum warmlauf eines einer fremdgezündeten, direkteinspritzenden verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten katalysators |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040163379A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1379767B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1300452C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10114050A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002075136A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
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- 2002-02-13 WO PCT/EP2002/001494 patent/WO2002075136A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-13 EP EP02716768A patent/EP1379767B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-13 DE DE50212866T patent/DE50212866D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-13 US US10/471,636 patent/US20040163379A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7124734B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2006-10-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of reducing exhaust gas emissions during cold start conditions and an internal combustion engine in which the method is used |
EP3450731A4 (de) * | 2016-04-27 | 2019-05-01 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Steuerungsvorrichtung für verbrennungsmotor und verbrennungsmotorsystem |
US11506140B1 (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-11-22 | Hyundai Motor Company | Control apparatus and method of engine for hybrid vehicle |
US20220397076A1 (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-15 | Hyundai Motor Company | Control apparatus and method of engine for hybrid vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1379767A1 (de) | 2004-01-14 |
DE50212866D1 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
CN1300452C (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
CN1496442A (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
EP1379767B1 (de) | 2008-10-08 |
US20040163379A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
DE10114050A1 (de) | 2002-10-02 |
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