WO2002048411A1

WO2002048411A1 - Method for cooling and treating heated, rotationally symmetrical bodies made of metallic materials such as steel

Info

Publication number: WO2002048411A1
Application number: PCT/EP2001/014613
Authority: WO
Inventors: Siegfried Gröne; Benno Guske; Ingo Poschmann; Hermann Royke
Original assignee: Bochumer Verein Verkehrstechnik Gmbh
Priority date: 2000-12-15
Filing date: 2001-12-12
Publication date: 2002-06-20
Also published as: UA76970C2; EP1215291A1; RU2277132C2; RU2003121396A; ATE296361T1; DE50010412D1; ES2239998T3; EP1215291B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for cooling and treating heated, rotationally symmetrical bodies made of metallic materials, primarily massive wheels, wheel tires, wheel disks and similar disks and rings such as railway and tram wheels, toothed wheels and sprockets. Said body is firstly de-scaled in the inventive device and according to the inventive method, and a functionally related, defined and reproduced adjustment of mechanical properties using complex cooling processes is subsequently carried out. The cooling processes are executed in different ways for different volume areas or surface areas of the body to be treated, whereby the predetermined areas of the body, by means of online controlling or online regulating, are cooled by a spraying or blowing that involves the use of at least one cooling medium.

Description

METHOD FOR COOLING AND TREATING HEATED, ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC BODIES MADE OF METAL MATERIALS LIKE STEEL

description

genus

The invention relates to a method for cooling and treating heated, rotationally symmetrical bodies made of metallic materials such as steel or steel alloys.

The invention further relates to a device for performing this method.

State of the art

It is known to cool railway or tram wheels only in a controlled manner via the actual running surface, water or water with additives usually being used as the cooling medium. The prior art also includes intermittently cooling the tread area of wheels by immersing the wheel only partially in a pool during a rotational movement and then cooling it.

Also known are systems in which solid wheels are cooled in order to subject the tread area of these wheels to accelerated cooling and thereby bring about a tread remuneration. Rings and tires are not to be remunerated in this way.

Another disadvantage is that the previously known systems and procedures do not cause descaling, especially in the tread area of railway or tram wheels, so that generally there are no uniform heat transfer conditions in the circumferential direction of the tread area with the corresponding effects on inhomogeneous structural and strength properties the circumference of the wheel in question. If the wheel rim is subjected to accelerated cooling in this procedure, the hub of the wheel remains untreated, so that at most a normalization process is used here. All of this leads to corresponding structural and strength gradients in the radial direction in the wheel rim area. The previously known systems are generally time-controlled, that is to say that the coolant volume and / or the coolant pressure and thus essentially also the coolant temperature are unchangeable, that is to say permanently set, so that the structure and strength are influenced of the wheel rim is carried out over a predetermined cooling time. An online temperature measurement or an online temperature-controlled cooling are not known in this context.

Desired structural or mechanical properties can therefore only be influenced in an unsatisfactory manner, while residual stresses in the area of the wheel rim can only be influenced, if at all, inaccurately and therefore in an unsatisfactory manner, since the plasticizing processes that decisively determine the internal stresses in the transition area between the cooling wheel rim and the hot one Blade can practically not be checked because only the wheel rim is checked and the structure or the internal stress of the blade are ignored.

task

The invention is based on the object of first creating a method with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be completely eliminated and, moreover, it is possible to specifically influence predetermined areas of the body.

Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a device with which the inventive method can be carried out reproducibly with robust means under operating conditions. Solution to the problem regarding the procedure

This object is achieved by the features set out in claim 1.

Further inventive embodiments

Further inventive method steps are described in claims 2 to 21.

Some advantages

While in conventional methods only the wheel rim is "treated" practically, according to the method according to the invention, each area of the rotationally symmetrical body, wheel rim, blade and hub, if necessary, can be regulated or controlled cooled in order to maintain the desired properties in the structure PRIOR ART Blade and hub practically cool in the air and can only be normalized in this way, in the method according to the invention there is a defined setting of mechanical properties in the blade and hub by targeted, regulated or controlled cooling, so that there is in the predetermined areas of the rotationally symmetrical body Strengths, toughness, internal stress and defined property gradients or homogeneity of these properties - with the tolerances sufficient for practical use - in the entire wheel or tire volume Have all functional areas of the component such as the hub, blade and wheel rim adjusted.

The development of these properties takes place primarily through the setting of defined structures and their subsequent cooling, whereby the cooling influences the morphology of the structure and thus strength, toughness and internal stress, but also the internal stress state of the component due to locally different plasticization processes. Any subsequent tempering of the body cooled in this way essentially only has the function of stress relieving.

Accordingly, the method according to the invention comprises practically complex cooling processes, taking into account the surface condition (descaling), cooling times or cooling intervals, both for the wheel itself and for the individual functional areas, coolant, coolant quantities, coolant flows, sequence of cooling of the functional areas and current component Temperatures, each for the relevant functional areas of the body. As a result, residual stresses develop depending on the way in which the entire component volume cools down, since the volume elements of the body influence one another. As a result, the method according to the invention is a functional area-related, defined and reproducible setting of mechanical properties by means of complex cooling processes. These cooling processes are usually for the different volume or Surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body in question, for example of a wheel, differ.

The temperature at which the rotationally symmetrical body is subjected to the procedure according to the invention before it is descaled can be between the forging heat and the temperature above the transformation temperature, since the method according to the invention influences the cooling of precipitation-hardening alloys, for example also micro-alloyed steels Reaction kinetics and thus on the mechanical properties of the component.

Rule and control variables according to the new procedure are the online measured surface temperature of the body and / or the coolant pressure, and / or the coolant quantity, and / or the coolant stamping (laminar / turbulent), and / or the type of cooling medium (water, air, mixtures) ) and the chronological sequence of the coolant type in an individual coolant circuit.

All in all, the desired microstructure and thus the mechanical properties can be carried out in a targeted manner when using the method according to the invention, not only in the area of a wheel rim, but in every functional area of the wheel or body. The upstream descaling of the tread or the like results in a uniform surface quality and thus largely uniform heat transfer conditions.

Desired residual stresses e.g. B. in the area of the wheel rim can be adjusted according to their height, since the plasticizing processes that determine the residual stress are very specifically influenced in the transition area between cooling and hot material areas, because of the fact that the surfaces of several edge areas are individually controlled in a very controlled manner can.

Solution of the problem regarding the device

This object is achieved by the features set out in claim 22.

Further inventive configurations

Further inventive configurations of the device described in claim 22 are described in claims 23 to 48. Some advantages

A device designed according to the invention has a robust construction and can thus be used industrially under the room operating conditions. With such a system, the treatment of railway and tram wheels is possible with particular advantage. Here, the wheel in question is set in rotation and first descaled, whereupon the corresponding surface areas, for example the tread, blade and hub, are cooled in a predetermined manner by individually regulated or controlled coolant flows in order to achieve the predetermined structure in the area of the wheel rim, the blade and to influence the hub in a defined manner and also to adjust the desired residual stresses in the area of the wheel rim or the like in a targeted manner in terms of their height. Hardening processes can also be carried out in a targeted manner in this way.

Further features and advantages result from the following description of the drawing, in which the invention is illustrated using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a partial plan view of a device according to the invention and

2 shows a section along the line II - II of FIG. 1st The invention is illustrated in the drawing when applied to a device in which railroad and tramway wheels can be descaled with particular advantage and subjected to a defined and reproducible setting of mechanical properties by complex cooling processes.

The reference numeral 1 designates a machine stand which is only indicated schematically and is set up vertically on the floor, while 2 designates drive units which are arranged as rotary drives 3 and are arranged around the circumference of a circle with the same angular spacings with respect to their longitudinal axes. Such a rotary drive 3 is arranged on each frame 2. All rotary drives are connected to one another in terms of control technology via a control cabinet (not shown) via at least one frequency converter, so that their speeds can be controlled or regulated continuously in both directions of rotation. For this purpose, the rotary drives 3 have electric motors (not illustrated in more detail), each of which drives a drive roller 4 via a shaft shown in FIG. 2. Each shaft can be adjusted via an axial actuator 5 in its longitudinal axis direction, that is to say in the direction X or Y, via a lever mechanism and can also be locked in the desired position. All axial actuators 5 can be adjusted synchronously via a central regulating or control device (not shown) in order to adjust them to the rotationally symmetrical body 21 to be descaled and cooled. This means that all drive rollers 4 with respect to one imaginary circle, the center of which coincides with an imaginary axis of rotation 33 (FIG. 2), lie on the same diameter and are radially adjustable and lockable with the same diameter.

The reference numeral 6 denotes an actuating lever for a plurality of spray arms, with numerous of these spray arms being arranged one above the other in several planes, which will be described below. Numerous of these spray arms are arranged in a circular or polygonal shape on each level. In each level of these spray arms there are also numerous pivot levers 7 for the spray arms, with which the spray arms are pivotally connected via pivot axes arranged parallel and at a distance from one another in the corner points of an imaginary triangle or an imaginary trapezoid. The reference number 8.1 denotes spray arms for the upper level, 8.2 spray arms for a middle level and 8.3 spray arms for a lower level.

In the embodiment shown, the spray arms 8.1 or 8.2 or 8.3 are each configured identically in one and the same plane and are arranged to be adjustable with respect to one another with the same kinematics. It is also conceivable to design the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 the same and with the same kinematics in all levels. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are designed as tubes which can have spray nozzles (not shown) at their ends. Instead of spray nozzles, the pipes can also be turned on their ends must be open, that is to say they have the same flow cross-section as the tubes of the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 themselves. The spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 have ends bent at right angles to one another, such that the spray arms 8.1, which lie in the upper plane, are directed downward with their mouth openings or spray nozzles, while the bent ends of the spray arms 8.3 are directed upward, preferably such that the longitudinal axes of the spray openings or spray nozzles of the upper and lower levels each run coaxially with one another, but this is not absolutely a requirement. The spray arms 8.1, on the other hand, run essentially radially or at an acute angle away from an imaginary horizontal plane, but this is also not a requirement.

All spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are each connected to a coolant supply. Water of tap water quality, but also water with additives, for example hardness additives, emulsions or the like, can be considered as coolant or cooling medium. It is also conceivable to mix water with a suitable gas, primarily air, or to supply the spray arms on one and the same level with a liquid cooling medium or a gas medium in succession or simultaneously. For example, it is possible to supply a liquid cooling medium to one group of spray arms and a gaseous cooling medium to another group of spray arms on the same spray level. The spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 of each level are connected to a spray ring 16 or 17 or 18 designed as a ring manifold, to which the cooling medium is controlled or regulated via suitable inlet lines 27 or 28 or 29 via suitable multi-way valves, shut-off devices or the like (not shown) is supplied, which are operated via a central control unit (likewise not shown). The respective coolant source, pumps, etc. are also not shown for reasons of simplicity.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are each connected via pivot axes to the pivoting levers 7 which are approximately trapezoidal in the plan view shown in FIG. 1. An arrangement has been made such that the spray arms 8.1 and 8.3, with their mouth openings or spray nozzles, have a defined track on the rotationally symmetrical body 21 to be treated, for example on a wheel or tire, over the entire diameter range over which they are to spray. take in. This means that the rotationally symmetrical body 21 in question in the illustrated embodiment is simultaneously sprayed with cooling medium from above and from below through the spray openings or spray nozzles of the spray arms 8.1 located in one plane, for example in the upper plane, over the entire width of the surface area to be treated becomes. At 9, a swivel drive in the form of a piston-cylinder unit to be acted on alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, for example hydraulically or pneumatically, is indicated, the cylinder of which is fixedly arranged on a machine stand 1, while its piston rod has a swivel arm 11 for a vertical swivel axis an upper blade or hub cooler is connected. At 10, a pivot bearing for the pivot arm 11 of the upper blade or hub cooling device 13 is indicated. This swivel arm 11 for the upper blade or hub cooling device of the rotationally symmetrical body 21 also has an inlet 26 for the cooling medium, for example air or water, which is designed as a tube and has a horizontal and a vertical length section. The hub cooling device 13 is used to cool the hub of a rotationally symmetrical body designed as a railway wagon wheel 21 in the embodiment shown, while an upper sheet cooling device is arranged at 14 and a lower sheet cooling device is arranged at 15, each of which has numerous parallel tubes with orifices that are open at their ends or inserted Has spray nozzles. The upper leaf cooling device 14 is connected to an inlet line 34 for the cooling medium and the lower leaf cooling device 15 to an inlet line 24. The two lines 24 and 34, the coolant is also controlled or regulated via shut-off elements, not shown, and control or regulating elements, which can be controlled or regulated by the same central control station as the other device parts and drives. The inlet line 34 of the upper sheet cooling device 14 is connected to a box-shaped inlet 35, to which a plurality of groups of nozzles or lines, similar to the upper sheet cooling device 14 shown in FIG. 2, can be connected. The tubes of the upper blade cooling device 14 can open tangentially (FIG. 1), which, if necessary, can also apply to the upper and lower spray arms 8.1, 8.3 and, if appropriate, also to the spray arms 8.2 of the lateral rim cooling. This results in a rotating coolant flow which is exposed to a certain centrifugal force effect, as a result of which the coolant is thrown outwards after it strikes the rotationally symmetrical body 21 to be cooled.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the pivot arm 11 for the upper blade and hub cooling in the directions A and B in a horizontal plane and pivotably in the direction C and V (Fig. 2) via a lifting cylinder 19 is also arranged vertically , This lifting cylinder 19 is also a piston-cylinder unit which is to be acted upon alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, for example hydraulically or pneumatically, and whose piston rod is coupled to the pivot bearing for the blade and hub cooling via a horizontally running axis , The double arrow entered in FIG. 2 illustrates the adjustment movement of the lifting cylinder 19. A roller guide 22 for the drive rollers 4 is provided in each of the machine stands 1, which enables easy horizontal adjustment in the direction X or Y of the shaft for the respective drive roller 4 via the axial actuator 5.

With 23 a roller guide for the lifting cylinder 19 of the swivel arm 11 of the upper blade and hub cooling is designated.

At 30, a pressurized water descaling device is provided which has at least one, preferably numerous, descaling high-pressure glands via which water can be supplied under pressure for the purpose of descaling the rotationally symmetrical body 21. Similar nozzles can be provided on the side of the body 21 and below (not shown) or at other locations, for example on the hub and on the top and bottom sides of the blade, in order to be able to descaled the rotationally symmetrical body 21 at all required locations by means of pressurized water , The pressurized water descaling device 30 is supplied with water under pressure via a water inlet designed as a line 31, which water is provided via an optionally controllable pump (not shown). Suitable shut-off devices are not shown, nor is the regulating and control device for at least one pump for the pressurized water. At 32, a temperature monitoring device designed as a temperature camera is indicated, which is connected in a suitable manner to the central control and regulating station and which is included in the control or regulating circuit in the manner to be described below.

At 20, a lifting device is shown, which also consists of a powerful piston-cylinder unit to be acted upon alternately on both sides with pressure medium pressure, in particular with hydraulic fluid, to which the pressure medium is supplied by a pressure medium source, not shown. By the lifting device 20, the rotationally symmetrical body 21, for example a railroad wheel, is raised to z. B. to remove from the device. Furthermore, when inserting the rotationally symmetrical body 21, the piston rod can be extended so that an abutment 36 engages in the opening of the hub 37. The lifting device is then lowered in the vertical direction by appropriate application of pressure medium until the running ring rests on the three drive rollers 4.

A collecting funnel (not shown) for scale and cooling medium can be arranged below the device. A suitable conveyor for conveying away the cooling medium and / or the scale is also not shown. A separating device by means of which the scale is separated from the cooling medium has also not been shown for reasons of simplification. Instead of circular, rotationally symmetrical bodies 21 such as wheels and rings, gears or sprockets can also be treated in a device according to the invention.

The coolant inlet for the upper sheet cooling device is designated by 25.

The operation of the device shown in the drawing is as follows:

The warm, rotationally symmetrical body 21 to be treated, for example preferably heated above the GOS point, for example a railway wagon wheel, is introduced into the device by means of a manipulator. For this purpose, the swivel arm 11 for the upper blade and hub cooling is raised beforehand by appropriate pressurization of the lifting cylinder 19 and swiveled sideways out of the working area of the machine in direction B by the swivel drive 9. The lifting cylinder 20 is extended by appropriate pressurization, such that the abutment 36 is in the upper position and can accommodate the rotationally symmetrical body, for example a railway wagon wheel 21. The spray arms 8.1 and 8.2 are pivoted outwards to a larger radius than they are later pivoted into the working position. The spray arms 8.3 and the drive rollers 4 are in the working position. The automatic manipulator now inserts the workpiece 21 and sends a signal to the programmable logic controller (PLC - not shown) of the device.

Then the lifting cylinder 20 travels in its opposite direction, that is to say downward, by appropriate pressurization of the pressure medium, and preferably until it reaches its end position. If this position is reached, the rotary drives 3 receive the signal to rotate the drive rollers 4 at the speed necessary for the corresponding work process.

The next step in the process is to descaled the top, bottom and bottom of the running water using the pressure descaling device 30 and 31. The scale and the pressure water fall down into a collecting funnel, from where they are transported away.

After descaling, the temperature monitoring device in the form of the temperature camera 32 detects, for example, the tread temperature of the rotationally symmetrical body 21 and transmits the measured temperature to the PLC for the target-actual comparison during the entire treatment. In the PLC, for example, the amount of cooling medium and / or the cooling time is determined based on the measured temperature. After descaling, the spray arms 8.1 and 8.2 pivot into the working position by corresponding actuation of a motor drive of the actuating lever 6. The spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and the hub cooling device 13 and the upper and lower blade cooling devices 14 and 15 then become a suitable cooling medium, for example Water and / or air regulated or controlled via the feed lines and z. B. according to one of the controlled in the PLC program number with the appropriate pressure and the appropriate amount on the body 21.

If, for example, the specified time has expired and / or the required rim temperature has been reached, the supply of the cooling medium to the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and to the hub cooling 13 and to the upper and lower blade cooling 14 and 15 is switched off and the drive rollers 4 stop ,

After swiveling out the swivel arm 11 and swiveling back the spray arms 8.1 and 8.2, the lifting cylinder 20 can lift the rotationally symmetrical body 21, for example a railway wagon wheel, and transfer it to the manipulator (not shown) included in the process control or regulation for removal. The special geometry of the pivot lever 7 for the spray arms 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and the push rods 12 ensures that the spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 or their nozzles or outflow openings always cover the entire surface, for example, for each diameter of the rotationally symmetrical body 21 to be treated wet or spray the entire front face or the rim. For each functional area of a rotationally symmetrical body 21, for example a wheel, it is thus possible to control the cooling in a targeted manner in order to set a functional area-related, defined and reproducible setting of the mechanical properties by means of cooling times, the cooling medium, amounts of coolant and / or the order of cooling. For example, to achieve strength, toughness and in particular the internal stresses in the entire wheel or in the tire volume, taking into account all functional areas of the component, i.e. hub, blade and wheel rim. A constant online measurement is carried out paired with a control and / or regulation of the coolant flows and / or cooling times as well as the order of the coolant flows at the corresponding surface areas to be treated. The device according to the invention thus enables descaling as well as targeted structural treatment and structural adjustment of predetermined areas of the rotationally symmetrical body 21 in one and the same device. The features described in the abstract, in the patent claims and in the description and apparent from the drawing can be essential for realizing the invention both individually and in any combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 machine stand

2 frames for drive unit

3 rotary drive for drive roller 4, infinitely variable; drive unit

4 drive roller

5 axial actuator for drive roller 4

6 lever for spray arms 8.1, 8.3

7 swivel levers for spray arms

8.1 spray arms for upper rim cooling; upper level

8.2 spray arm for lateral rim cooling; middle level

8.3 spray arm for lower tread cooling; lower level

9 Swivel drive for upper blade and hub cooling, piston-cylinder unit

10 swivel bearings for upper blade and hub cooling

11 Swivel arm for upper blade and hub cooling

12 push rods for swiveling the spray arms

13 hub cooling device

14 upper sheet cooling device

15 lower blade cooling device

16 Spray ring for lower tread cooling, collecting ring line Spray ring for lateral ring cooling, collecting ring line Spray ring for lower ring cooling, collecting ring line Lifting cylinder for upper blade and hub cooling device Lifting cylinder for lifting and lowering the rotationally symmetrical body 21, lifting device for rotationally symmetrical body, railroad carriage wheel, workpiece or the like roller guide for the delivery of the drive rollers Roller guide for lifting device of the upper blade - and hub cooling Coolant supply for lower blade cooling device Coolant supply for upper blade cooling device Coolant supply for hub cooling Coolant supply for lower tread cooling, supply line coolant supply for side tread cooling, supply line for coolant supply for upper tread cooling device, supply line for pressurized water descaling device, rotary descaling device, water descaling device, water supply under pressure; Rotation symmetry axis inlet line inlet for upper blade cooling device abutment hub, wheel hub A Swivel direction of the swivel arm 11

B Swivel direction of the swivel arm 11

C Vertical stroke direction

V

X Adjustment direction of the shaft for drive roller 4

Claims

Patent claims

1. Process for cooling and treating heated, rotationally symmetrical bodies (21) made of metallic materials, such as steel or steel alloys, primarily monoblock wheels, wheel tires, wheel disks and similar disks and rings, such as railway and tram wheels, gears and sprockets, the relevant one Body (21) is first descaled and then a functional area-related, defined and reproduced setting of mechanical properties takes place by means of complex cooling processes, which are carried out differently for different volumes or surface areas of the body (21) to be treated, in such a way that the predetermined areas of the body (21 ) can be cooled online-controlled or online-regulated by spraying or blowing on at least one medium.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation

symmetrical warm bodies (21) during descaling and during

the subsequent volume- and surface-specific cooling

its rotational symmetry axis (33) is rotationally driven and the cooling media applied to several of the surface areas to be cooled at the same time

sprays or is inflated.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotation

symmetrical body (21) for descaling and cooling in a horizontal position

right or approximately horizontal position is brought so that

its axis of rotation symmetry (33) runs vertically, and that

Descaling medium and the cooling medium by a plurality or

A large number of cooling jets or cooling streams are ring-shaped or pincer-shaped

on the surface areas to be descaled and cooled

is applied.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the Ab¬

cooling streams or cooling jets the rotationally symmetrical body (21)

over its entire circumference to the one to be cooled

surface areas at the same time or approximately at the same time

brush or rinse.

5. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that for cooling one after the other different cooling media with different cooling effects, for example

Air and/or water and/or water with hardness additives and/or air

Water mixtures on the surface areas of the to be cooled

rotationally symmetrical body (21) are applied.

6. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the supply of the cooling medium is time-dependent

is carried out.

7. The method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 5, characterized

characterized in that the supply of the cooling medium depends on the

Temperature of the heated rotationally symmetrical body (21),

in particular its surface temperature.

8. The method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 5, characterized

characterized that the volume of the to be cooled

Depending on the amount of coolant applied to the surface areas

the continuously measured temperature or surface temperature

of the body (21).

9. The method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 6, characterized

characterized in that the supply of the cooling medium depends

empirically determined structural values of the body (21) depend on time

is carried out.

10. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the volume flows of the cooling medium

during the descaling process and during the

Cooling process rotationally driven rotationally symmetrical body

envelop its edge area or edge area.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the

rotationally symmetrical bodies during its rotary drive on its

Top and bottom and on its peripheral surface through the

Volume flows of the cooling medium simultaneously, if necessary

different surface areas and/or with a time delay, cooled

becomes.

12. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that in the production of railway or

Tram wheels during the rotational drive of the

rotationally symmetrical body (21) at the same time the tread and the

The bottom and top of the wheel through the cooling medium or the

Cooling media are cooled.

13. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that with the cooling of edge areas

and/or the top and bottom of the body (21) at the same time

Hub (37) of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) or for tires

Tread and/or the top/bottom and the inner bore

one or more volume flows is or are being cooled.

14. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the cooling of the corresponding

Surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) as

Hardening process is carried out.

15. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the controlled or regulated

Volume flows of the cooling medium in a predetermined order

predetermined surface areas of the body (21) to achieve a

predetermined internal stress of the respective functional area

be supplied.

16. The method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 14, characterized

characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows

of the cooling medium in a predetermined order to predetermined

Surface areas of the body (21) to achieve a predetermined

Strength of the respective functional area are supplied.

17. The method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 14, characterized

characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows

of the cooling medium in a predetermined order to predetermined

Surface areas of the body to achieve a predetermined

Toughness of the respective functional area are supplied.

18. The method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 14, characterized

characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows

of the cooling medium in a predetermined order to predetermined

Surface areas of the body (21) to achieve defined

Property gradients in the entire wheel or wheel circumference or

wheel rim are fed.

19. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the cooling medium is directed towards the respective

cooling areas of the body at an angle, e.g. B. tangential

is applied.

20. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the surfaces to be treated

Generation of defined internal stresses in a rotationally symmetrical

Body (21) simultaneously or with a time delay on the tread area and

be applied to the inside of the wheel without the two

End faces are cooled by the cooling medium.

21. The method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the speed of the rotationally symmetrical

Body (21) or the like controlled during the cooling process

or is regulated in such a way that the end face is on top

applied coolant by centrifugal forces from the body, to

Example of a wheel, is transported away, thereby causing wetting

of the blade or the coolant from it

to order away.

22. Device for cooling heated, rotationally symmetrical bodies (21)

made of metallic materials such as steel or steel alloys or

the like, primarily monoblock wheels, wheel tires and wheel discs

and similar discs and rings, for example railway wheels,

the warm, rotationally symmetrical body (21) being horizontal

Location on several arranged around its circumference

Drive rollers (4) are mounted with its circumference, with at least one

the drive rollers (4) are motorized with variable speed

is rotationally driven and thereby the rotationally symmetrical body (21)

rotated, in the edge area of the rotationally symmetrical

Body (21) has numerous spray openings or distributed over its circumference Spray nozzles are arranged through which at least one cooling medium

online-regulated or online-controlled to be cooled down

Surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body (21)

is sprayable or sprayable.

23. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that both

above and below the rotationally symmetrical body (21).

The circumference of the same is distributed by a large number of spray nozzles or

Spray openings are provided for the supply of cooling medium.

24. Device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that

the periphery of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) has a plurality

or a plurality of spray openings or spray nozzles is assigned.

25. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that for the supply of the

Cooling medium existing spray openings or spray nozzles at least

adjustable in the radial direction of the body (21) and in the respective

Position can be locked.

26. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the spray openings or

Spray nozzles on the top and bottom as well as on the periphery of the

rotationally symmetrical body (21) each synchronously adjustable and ar¬

are arranged in a retrievable manner.

27. Device according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that

the mouth openings of the spray nozzles, those on the top and bottom

and assigned to the periphery of the rotationally symmetrical body (21).

are, each arranged on an imaginary circle, and that at

a radial adjustment of these spray openings or spray nozzles

the circumference of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) is the same

Ring areas of the body (21) are acted upon by the cooling medium.

28. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the spray openings or

Spray nozzles on the bottom and top as well as the periphery of the

Body (21) are assigned, each as a collecting channel

trained ring line (16, 17, 18) are arranged, which form the body

(21) each surrounded in a ring shape.

29. Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the

Ring channels (16, 17, 18) have the same diameter and are concentric

are arranged one above the other in different levels,

and that the annular collecting channels (16, 17, 18) are on separate ones

Supply lines (27, 28, 29) are connected through which the

Cooling medium controlled or regulated in the collecting channels (16, 17, 18)

can be supplied.

30. Device according to claim 29, characterized in that each of

Supply lines (27, 28, 29) have at least one remotely controllable shut-off valve

assigned.

31. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the spray openings or

Spray nozzles are each assigned to a spray arm (8.1, 8.2, 8.3).

e.g. B. is designed as a pipe and which is connected to the respective collecting ring line

(16, 17, 18) is connected to conduct cooling medium.

32. Device according to claim 31, characterized in that one

Spray arms assigned to the relevant collecting ring line (16, 17, 18).

(8.1, 8.2, 8.3) synchronously motorized for enlargement or

Reduction of the spray diameter can be adjusted radially and in each case

can also be locked at the set diameter position.

33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that all

Spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) on one and the same collecting ring line (16,

17, 18) by only one motor drive each

Joint gear in the radial direction with regard to their spray openings or

Spray nozzles are arranged radially adjustable.

34. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, in which the rotationally symmetrical body (21) acts as a wheel

is designed and has a wheel hub (37), thereby ge

indicates that the one provided for cooling the wheel hub (37).

Hub cooling device (13) has at least one tube which is inserted into the

Wheel hub (37) is immersed and at least one at its lower end

Has spray opening or spray nozzle, and that the Hub cooling device height adjustable (CV) in horizontal direction (A-

B) and is designed to be pivotable.

35. Device according to claim 34, characterized in that the for

Hub cooling device (13) via a swivel drive (9),

e.g. B. by a piston to be acted upon by pressure medium pressure

Cylinder unit in the horizontal direction (A-B) and a lifting cylinder (19),

which is preferably also carried out alternately on both sides

Piston-cylinder unit to be acted upon by pressure medium pressure is formed,

can be moved in the vertical direction (C-V).

36. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims,

characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical body

receiving drive rollers are driven via separate axles,

which run horizontally and each extend over the circumference of a circle

arranged at equal angular distances from one another and in

The direction of its longitudinal axis can be adjusted by an axial actuator (5).

and by a preferably continuously variable rotary drive

are designed to be drivable.

37. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that all rotation

drives (3) of the drive rollers (4) synchronous in their speed and

are controlled in the same direction by a central control unit.

38. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the temperature of the

rotationally symmetrical body can be measured by a temperature camera

is, and that the measured values are sent to a computer of a control system

direction can be fed, via which the areas to be hardened are opened

Spraying coolant quantities can be regulated.

39. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that all directional valves,

Pressure control valves, quantity control valves, flow and pressure

measuring devices and the temperature monitoring device (32) in

a central monitoring unit for control or regulation technology

are summarized.

40. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that for a body (21), for Example of a railway or tram wheel, necessary

Operating data is stored in a PLC program and under

can be accessed with a specific identification number, whereupon the rule applies

or control system of the device the descaling process and the

Supply of the cooling medium by spraying the amounts of coolant onto the

respective areas of the body to be cooled or hardened (21)

controls or regulates, and that this heat treatment is recorded online,

such that a heat treatment protocol is provided for each body (21).

can be created.

41. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that beyond the scope of

rotationally symmetrical body (21) distributes a plurality or multitude

of pressurized water descaling nozzles are arranged, which are too

descaling area on the top, bottom and periphery

of the body (21) during the rotational drive of the drive roller (4).

Descaling by spraying a liquid.

42. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that below the support level a lifting device (20) on the rollers for the body (21)

is arranged, which is arranged during the descaling and cooling or

Hardening process can be lowered and which is concentric to the

Collecting ring channels (16, 17, 18) is arranged.

43. Device according to claim 42, characterized in that the

Lifting device (20) consists of a cylinder to which pressure medium pressure is applied alternately on both sides, the piston rod of which has an abutment (36) designed as a support plate.

is provided, via which the body (21) can be raised to a level that can be operated by a manipulator.

44. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that below the lower collecting ring channel (16) there is a collecting trough for scale, ignition

approximately liquid and cooling medium is arranged, and that this collecting

container is arranged on a conveyor device, which carries the descaling

liquid and the cooling medium as well as the removed scale

transported away and removed from the descaling liquid on the one hand or

from the cooling medium on the other hand.

45. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the device in the

Top view is drum-shaped, with the machine stand (1)

radially outside the outer boundary lines of the device with ih¬

ren rotary drives (3) and the swivel arm (11) for the upper blade and

Hub cooling device (13) protrudes.

46. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the spray openings or

Spray nozzles for cooling the top of the body (21) of the

Swivel arm (11) is carried, which is also the cooling device for the

Hub cooling (13) carries and can be swiveled and lifted with it

is arranged.

47. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the lever drive for the in

Spray openings or spray nozzles located on one level each

numerous swivel levers (7) for spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3).

Push rods connected to parallel axes (12) exists, each in the corners of the approximately trapezoidal

Pivoting levers (7) are arranged for the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3),

each with two push rods (12) on opposite sides

are connected to the swivel lever (7) via swivel axes,

while in the distance and in the vertices of a triangle

arranged a further connecting axis for each

Swivel arm (7) is arranged, and that all spray arms (8.1, 8.2,

8.3) have a horizontal part to which a

preferably a pipe part bent at right angles, and that the

horizontal sections are each arranged in the same direction.

48. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent ones

Claims, characterized in that the lever lengths of the

The adjusting levers for the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are designed so that over

the entire diameter range of each nozzle or each spray opening

is always arranged in the same track.