ES2239998T3 - PROCEDURE TO REFRIGERATE AND TREAT BODIES WARMED WITH ROTATION SYMMETRY, FROM METAL MATERIALS AS STEEL OR STEEL ALLOYS AND DEVICE TO EXECUTE THE PROCEDURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for cooling and treating heated rotationally symmetrical bodies made from steel or steel alloys comprises initially descaling the bodies; and adjusting the mechanical properties using complex cooling processes which are carried out for different volumes and/or surface regions of the body to be treated so that these regions can be controlled or regulated online by spraying or blowing with a medium. An Independent claim is also included for a device for cooling and treating heated rotationally symmetrical bodies made from steel or steel alloys. Preferably the rotationally symmetrical hot bodies are rotated about their axes of rotational symmetry during descaling and during subsequent volume and surface specific cooling. The cooling medium is simultaneously sprayed or blown onto the surface regions to be treated.

Description

Procedure to refrigerate and treat bodies heated, with rotation symmetry, from materials metal such as steel or steel alloys and device for execute the procedure

The invention relates to a device for cool and treat heated bodies, with rotation symmetry, to from metallic materials such as steel or steel alloys, with preference of monobloc wheels, tires, wheel plates or discs and similar rings, such as rail and tram wheels, wheels Toothed gears and wheels.

State of the art

It is known to refrigerate controlled wheels by rail or tram only through the true surface of rolling, normally using water or water as coolant with additives

The state of the art also belongs cool the region of the tread surface of the wheels of discontinuous form, by means of which the wheel during a movement Rotary only partially submerged in a tank and then refrigerate

Installations are also previously known in those that cool solid wheels to subdue the region of the tread surface of these wheels at accelerated cooling and, by means of this, cause an improvement of the tread. However, rings and tires cannot be improved in this way.

Another drawback is that the Installations and procedures already known do not cause a husked, especially in the region of the surface of rolling, so that in general there are no conditions of thermal transfer unit in the peripheral direction of the tread surface region, with the effects corresponding on structural characteristics and of non-homogeneous resistance on the perimeter of the affected wheel. If in this procedure mode the wheel flange is subjected to a accelerated cooling, the wheel hub is left untreated, of such that here a process of standardization. All this leads in the region of the wheel flange to corresponding structural and resistance gradients in radial direction The already known facilities normally have a time control, that is, the volume of refrigerant and / or the coolant pressure and with it fundamentally also the coolant temperature are invariable, that is, they are fixedly adjusted, so that a influence on the structure and strength of the wheel flange during a period of refrigeration that can be fixed preset. In relation to this, a temperature measurement in line or refrigeration with online temperature control.

Therefore it can only be influenced in a way unsatisfactory in structural or mechanical characteristics desired, while it can only be influenced - if it can be done - inaccurately and therefore unsatisfactory in tensions own in the wheel tab region, because they can't virtually control plasticization processes, which decisively determine their own tensions, in the region of transition between the wheel flange that cools and the blade hot, since only the wheel flange is controlled and you don't have Take into account the structure or tension of the blade.

Of the document FR-A-559 212 a machine is known tire hardener, in which the tires are sprayed with a mixture of air and water inside and outside, in a regulated manner specifically. The purpose of the device is to obtain a tempering structure and positively influence the tensions of rim. The refrigerant cannot be fed and monitored from automatically regulated form. Apart from this it is necessary manually transform and graduate the device for other types of tire.

Of the document US-A-2 596 345 is previously known a device that leads, by water, to the raceway and to the blade of the rotating wheel. This covers all The other surfaces. This results in the device has to be changed and completely transformed to Other wheels and other purposes.

The document US-A-1 391 907 refers fundamentally to a railroad material with certain Carbon and manganese content. Although a device can Cool a wheel, the process is not monitored. The amounts of Manganese are pre-adjusted and no longer controlled. Through this the entire device can only be used one diameter and one specific wheel model. For wheels configured otherwise with other dimensions a device is needed correspondingly different.

Task

The invention has set itself the task of creating a device with which they can be completely removed, reproducing with robust means in operational conditions, the drawbacks of the state of the art and possible, in addition to this, specifically influence the device in regions default body.

Task Solution

This task is solved by particularities indicated in claim 1.

Some advantages

While in usual devices practically only the wheel flange can be "treated" with a device according to the invention can be cooled in a manner regulated or controlled each region of the body with symmetry of rotation, if necessary wheel, blade and hub flange, to maintain the desired characteristics in the structure. While in the state of the art the sheet and the cube practically they cool in the air and only then normalize, in the case of the device according to the invention a definite adjustment of mechanical characteristics in the sheet and in the cube by means of a specific refrigeration, regulated or controlled, in such a way that in the predetermined regions of the body with rotation symmetry resistances, toughness, self tension and defined gradients of characteristics or homogeneity of these characteristics -with sufficient tolerances for practice- on the entire volume of the wheel or tire, including all functional regions of the construction piece such as cube, sheet and wheel tab

The configuration of these characteristics is performs primarily through the adjustment of a defined structure and its subsequent cooling, influencing cooling on the one hand in the morphology of the structure and with it in the resistance, own tenacity and tension, but also the state of tension own of the constructive piece because of processes of plasticizing locally different. A possible blunting subsequent body thus refrigerated has essentially only Annealing function with low tension.

According to this, the invention makes possible complex refrigeration processes in practice, taking into counts the surface state (husked), times of cooling or cooling intervals, and precisely both for the wheel itself as for the different functional regions, refrigerator, refrigerant quantities, refrigerant flows, refrigeration sequence of functional regions and current temperatures of the construction piece, and precisely in each case for the affected functional regions of the body. By through this, own tensions are configured depending on the class and cooling mode of the entire volume of the part constructive, because the volumetric elements of the body are They influence each other. As a consequence, with this device they can adjust through complex cooling processes mechanical characteristics related to the functional region, defined and that can be reproduced. These refrigeration processes they are normally different for different volumetric regions or superficial of the affected body with rotation symmetry, by Example of a wheel.

The temperature, at which the body is treated with rotation symmetry before it is husked on the device, it can be between the heat of forging and a temperature higher than the transformation temperature, since with this, in the case of cooling alloys that are quenched by precipitation, for example also micro-alloy steels, it is possible to influence reactive kinetics and with it the mechanical characteristics of The constructive piece.

Magnitudes of regulation and control are the surface temperature measured in body line and / or pressure of the refrigerant, and / or the amount of refrigerant and / or the character of the refrigerant (laminar / turbulent), and / or the refrigerant class (water, air, mixture) as well as the temporary process of the class of refrigerant in an individual refrigerant circuit.

Adding everything can be achieved specifically the desired structural configuration and with it the characteristics mechanical by using the device according to the invention, and precisely not only in the region of a wheel flange, but in each functional region of the wheel or body.

Through pre-connected husking of the rolling surface or similar characteristics are caused uniform surface and, thus, conditions of very uniform thermal transfer.

The desired tensions, for example in the wheel flange region, can be adjusted specifically according to their height, since they can influence very specifically in the plasticizing processes that largely determine the tension own, in the transition region between regions of material that cool and hot, and precisely because of the fact that the surfaces of various edge regions can be cooled individually controlled very specifically.

A device configured according to the invention has a robust structure and, thus, can be used industrially in the operational conditions of the environment. By means of such an installation is possible with advantage Special treatment of railway and tram wheels. Here is rotates the affected wheel and peels first place, after which the corresponding surface regions, for example the surface rolling, blade and hub by coolant streams individually regulated or controlled, to influence defined in the default structure in the tab region wheel, blade and hub, and thereby adjust specifically also the desired tensions in the tab region of wheel or similar according to its height. In this way they can also be carried out specifically tempering processes.

The following description of the drawing follows other peculiarities and advantages, and it illustrates the invention based on an exemplary embodiment. Here they show:

Figure 1 a partial plan view on a device according to the invention and

Figure 2 a section according to line II-II of the Figure 1.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing in its application to a device, in which with special advantage it they husk rail and tram wheels and can undergo a defined and reproducible adjustment of mechanical characteristics through complex cooling processes.

The reference symbol 1 designates an amount of machine indicated only schematically and placed vertically on the ground, while with 2 units of drive configured with rotary drives 3, arranged on the perimeter of a circle with angular intervals equal between them in relation to their longitudinal axes. On each frame 2 has a rotary drive 3 of this kind. All rotary drives are linked together by regulation technique through a cabinet distribution not shown, through at least one regulator of frequency, so that its revolutions can be controlled or regulate continuously in its two directions of rotation. With this end the rotary drives 3 have electric motors not illustrated in more detail that drive, in each case, a roller of drive 4 through a tree visible in figure 2. Each tree can be graduated through in each case a drive axial adjustment 5 in its longitudinal axial direction, that is, in the X or Y direction, through a lever gear and can also lock in the desired position in each case. All gears axial adjustment 5 can be synchronized with it through a central regulation or control mechanism (no represented), to fit the body 21 with rotation symmetry which must be husked and refrigerated in each case. This this means that all drive rollers 4 they are located on the same diameter, in relation to a circle imaginary whose center point coincides with an axis of rotation 33 imaginary (figure 2), and can be graded and locked radially With the same diameter.

The reference symbol 6 refers to a adjustment lever for a multitude of spray arms, being arranged in each case several of these arms of spray on each other in several planes, which is will describe below. In each plane several of these spray arms almost circularly or polygonally. In each plane of these spray arms are also provided numerous rocker levers 7 for the arms of spraying, to which they are attached with tilting movement the spray arms through tilting shafts, arranged in parallel as well as distanced from each other at the points corner of an imaginary triangle or an imaginary trapeze. This has been designated with the reference symbol 8.1 arms of top plane spray, with 8.2 arms spray for a central plane and with 8.3 arms Spray for a lower plane.

In the case of the form of execution represented, spray arms 8.1, 8.2 or 8.3 are set to each case equal in one and the same plane, and have arranged adjustable form between them with the same kinematics. also can think about setting up the arms of all planes spraying 8.1, 8.2 or 8.3 same and with the same kinematics. As can be seen in figure 1, spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are configured as tubes, which may present spray nozzles (not shown) at their ends. In instead of spray nozzles, however, the tubes also they can be configured open at their ends, that is, they have the same cross section of circulation as the own spray arm tubes 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3. The spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 have angled angled ends straight between them, so that the spray arms 8.1, which are located in the upper plane, are oriented towards down with their mouth openings or spray nozzles, while that the angled ends of the spray arms 8.3 are oriented upwards, and precisely preferably in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the spray openings or spray nozzles of the upper and lower planes run in each case coaxially with each other, which however is not essential condition. The spray arms 8.1 run on the contrary almost radially or with an acute angle, oriented upwards from an imaginary horizontal plane, which without However, it is not a requirement either.

All spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 They are connected in each case to a refrigerant supply. As a refrigerant or cooling medium, water with quality of drinking water or water with additives, for example additives hard, emulsions or the like. You can also think of mix water with a suitable gas, predominantly air, or feed the spray arms of one and the same plane a liquid refrigerant or a consecutive gaseous medium or simultaneously. In this way it is for example possible to feed a group of spray arms a liquid refrigerant and another group of spray arms of the same spray plane a gaseous refrigerant

The spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 of each plane are connected to a spray ring 16, 17 or 18 configured as annular collector pipe, which is fed into each case the refrigerant, through a feed pipe 27, 28 or 29, in a controlled or regulated way through valves various pathways, suitable or similar blocking organs (not represented), which are operated through a central unit of control or regulation (not represented). Nor have they represented in order to obtain greater clarity the respective coolant source, pumps, etc.

As can be seen in figure 1, the arms of spray 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are linked in each case through tilt axes to the tilt levers 7, almost trapezoidal in plan view visible in figure 1. With it such an arrangement has been found that the arms of spraying 8.1 and 8.3 with their mouth openings or nozzles of spray host, across the entire spectrum of diameters on which they must spray, a definite track on body 21 with symmetry of rotation to be treated in each case, for example on a wheel or tire. This means that the body 21 with rotation symmetry affected is sprayed with coolant in the case of the form of execution represented, simultaneously from above and from below, through the spray openings or nozzles of spraying of the spray arms 8.1 located in a plane, for example in the upper plane, all across the surface region to be treated.

With 9 a tilting drive has been indicated in the form of a piston-cylinder unit to be driven alternatively on both sides with pressure medium pressure, for example hydraulically or pneumatically, whose cylinder is fixedly arranged on a machine shelf 1, while its piston rod is attached, through a tilting shaft vertical, to a tilting arm 11 for a device leaf or bucket cooling. With 10 a bearing has been indicated swing for the rocker arm 11 of the device blade or bucket cooling 13. This swing arm 11 for the body or leaf cooling device 21 with rotation symmetry also has a feed 26 for the refrigerant, for example air or water, which is configured as tube and presents a horizontal and a vertical longitudinal sector. The cube cooling device 13 serves to cool the cube of a body with rotation symmetry configured as a wheel of train car 21 in the present form of execution, while with 14 an upper sheet cooling device has been arranged and with a lower leaf cooling device, the which in each case have numerous tubes that run parallel to each other with mouth openings open by their ends or spray nozzles inserted. The device of top sheet cooling 14 is connected to a pipe supply 34 for the refrigerant and the device bottom sheet cooling 15 to a feed pipe 24. The refrigerant is also fed to both pipes 24 and 34 controlled or regulated form, through blocking organs not represented and control or regulation bodies, which may controlled or regulated from the same central control panel, to same as device parts and drives remaining.

The feed pipe 34 of the device upper sheet cooling 14 is connected to a power supply 35 in the form of a box, to which several groups of nozzles or pipes, similar to the cooling device of upper leaf 14 visible in figure 2. The tubes of the upper blade cooling device 14 can lead tangentially (figure 1) which, if necessary, may be worth for the upper and lower spray arms 8.1, 8.3 and, if necessary, also for spray arms 8.2 of the lateral cooling of the tread. By means of this it obtains a circulation of rotary refrigerant that is subjected at a certain centrifugal force action, so that the refrigerant is centrifuged outward after hitting the body 21 with rotation symmetry to be cooled.

In figure 1 it can be seen that the arm of tilting 11 for cooling the blade or hub is arranged in the direction A or B, in a horizontal plane with tilting movement and, in the C or V direction (figure 2), through of a lifting cylinder 19 also with vertical movement. At case of this lifting cylinder 19 is also a unit of piston-cylinder to be submitted, alternatively on both sides, for example hydraulic or pneumatically and whose piston rod is coupled to the bearing oscillation for cooling the leaf or the cube through a axis that runs horizontally. The double arrow registered in the Figure 2 illustrates the graduation movement of the lift cylinder 19.

In each of the machine uprights 1 it has been a roller guide 22 is provided for the drive rollers 4, which make possible a slight horizontal graduation in the X or Y direction of the shaft for the respective roller drive 4, through axial adjustment drive 5.

With 23 a roller guide has been designated for the lifting cylinder 19 of the swing arm 11 of the top sheet or bucket cooling.

In 30 a device of husked by pressurized water that has at least one, with preference numerous high pressure nozzles for husking, through which water under pressure can be fed in order husk the body 21 with rotation symmetry. Nozzles similar may be provided on one side of body 21 and below (not represented) or at other points, for example on the cube and on the upper and lower sides of the blade, in order to peel body 21 with rotation symmetry at all necessary points by pressurized water. To the water husking device at pressure 30 is fed to water under pressure, through a water supply configured as pipe 31, which is set to arrangement via an adjustable pump if necessary (no represented). Appropriate blocking organs have not been represented, neither the regulation and control mechanism for at least one pump for pressurized water.

With 32 a device has been indicated temperature monitoring set as temperature chamber which, properly, is attached to the central control stand and regulation and that is included in the control and regulation circuit in the manner and form that will be described below.

In 20 a lifting device has been represented which is also composed of a powerful unit of piston-cylinder to propel alternately by both sides with pressure medium pressure, especially with liquid hydraulic, to which the pressure medium is fed by a source of pressure medium not shown. Through the device elevator 20 the body 21 is raised with rotation symmetry, by for example a railroad wheel to, for example, move it away from the device. Also, when introducing the body 21 with symmetry of rotation, the piston rod can be removed in such a way that a buttress 36 gears in hub opening 37. By corresponding drive by means of pressure is then lowered the lifting device in the vertical direction, until the tab The wheel is placed on three drive rollers 4.

Below the device can be arranged a collection hopper not shown for husks and refrigerant. Nor has a suitable conveyor been represented. for a conveyor out of the refrigerant and / or the husks. Nor has it been represented, in order to simplify, a separating device through which the coolant husks.

Instead of circular bodies 21 with symmetry of rotation like wheels and rings, can also be treated in a device according to the invention sprockets or wheels Catalinas

With 25 the feeding of has been designated refrigerant for the upper cooling device of the sheet.

The operating mode of the visible device In the drawing it is as follows:

The body 21 with hot rotation symmetry to treat, heated for example preferably above the point GOS, for example a train car wheel, is introduced into the device by means of a manipulator. For this it rises previously the tilting arm 11 for cooling upper blade and hub, by means of a drive corresponding with pressure means of the lifting cylinder 19, and Tilt out from the machine's working chamber, laterally in direction B, by tilting drive 9. The lift cylinder 20 is removed by the drive corresponding with pressure medium, so that the buttress 36 is in the upper position and can accommodate the body with rotation symmetry, for example a wagon wheel of train 21. The spray arms 8.1 and 8.2 are tilted outward with a radius greater than what they swing later on The work position. The spray arms 8.3 and Drive rollers 4 are in working position. He automatic manipulator introduces from now on the piece of work 21 and delivers a programmable memory command signal (SPS -not represented) of the device.

Then the lift cylinder 20 assumes by means of the corresponding impulsion by means of pressure its opposite direction, that is down, and precisely with preference until reaching its final position. If this is reached position, the rotary drives 3 get the signal that turn the drive rollers 4, with the revolutions necessary for the corresponding work process.

As the next procedure step is peel the wheel cuff through the pressurized water front, upper and lower face and precisely through the pressurized water husking device 30 and 31. The husks and pressurized water fall down into a hopper collector, from where they are transported out.

After husking the device temperature monitoring in the form of temperature chamber 32 detects, for example, the temperature of the tread crown of the 21 body with rotation symmetry and delivery throughout the treatment the measured temperature to the SPS for comparison nominal-real. In the SPS it is established, based on the measured temperature, for example the amount of refrigerant and / or also the duration of refrigeration.

After husking the arms of spraying 8.1 and 8.2 tilt to the working position by the corresponding drive of a drive by motor of the adjustment lever 6. It is then fed to the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and to the device cube cooling 13 and to the cooling devices of upper and lower leaf 14 and 15 a suitable refrigerant, for example water and / or air, in a regulated or controlled way through the feeding pipes, and is delivered on the body 21, by example corresponding to a program number activated in the SPS, with the corresponding pressure and quantity correspondent.

If for example the time has elapsed preset and / or the required crown temperature has been reached rolling, the coolant supply is disconnected to spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and towards cooling of hub 13 and precisely towards cooling sheet 14 and 15 upper and lower, and the drive rollers 4 are they stop

After swinging out the arm of tilting 11 and rearward tilting of the arms of spraying 8.1 and 8.2, the lift cylinder 20 can raise the body 21 with rotation symmetry, for example a wagon wheel of train, and transmit it to the manipulator (not shown) included in the control or regulation of the process, for its extraction.

Through the special geometry of the lever tilt 7 for spray arms 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and of the push bars 12 ensures that the spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 or their nozzles or outlet openings, for each diameter at treat body 21 with rotation symmetry, water or spray always the entire surface, for example the entire lateral surface Front or wheel flange. For each functional region of a body 21 with rotation symmetry, for example of a wheel, is in this way it is possible to specifically control the cooling, to achieve the refrigerant through cooling times, coolant quantities and / or the refrigeration sequence a defined and reproducible adjustment, referred to the functional region, of the mechanical characteristics, for example of the resistance, the tenacity and especially of the tensions of the entire wheel or in the volume of the tire, taking into account all regions of the construction piece, that is, hub, blade and wheel flange. With this is done a constant measurement in line coupled to a control and / or regulation of refrigerant streams and / or cooling times as well as the stream sequence of refrigerant in the corresponding surface regions to try. The device according to the invention makes this possible mode, in one and the same device, both husking and a specific structural treatment and structural adjustment of predetermined regions of body 21 with rotation symmetry.

(New) List of reference symbols

one Stile machine 2 Unit rack drive 3  \ begin {minipage} [t] {148mm} Rotary drive for drive roller 4, adjustable continuously; unit of drive \ end {minipage} 4 Roller drive 5 Adjustment drive axial for drive roller 4 6 Adjustment lever for arms spraying 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 with drive 7 Tilt lever for spray arms 8.1 Arms of spray for superior cooling of the tread; upper plane 8.2 Spray arms for lateral cooling of the tread; flat central 8.3 Spray arms for lower cooling of the tread; flat lower 9 Tilt Drive for top blade and hub cooling unit piston-cylinder 10 Bearing oscillator for upper cooling of the blade and the Cube eleven Tilt arm for top sheet and cooling Cube 12 Push rods to swing the spray arms 13 Device cube cooling 14 Device top cooling of the sheet fifteen Lower device of leaf cooling 16 Ring of spray for lower cooling of the tread, annular collecting pipe 17 Ring of spray for lateral cooling of the tread, annular collecting pipe 18 Ring of spray for lower cooling of the tread, annular collecting pipe 19 Cylinder elevator for upper blade and leaf cooling device Cube twenty Lifting cylinder to lift and lower body 21 with rotation symmetry, device elevator twenty-one Body with symmetry of rotation, train car wheel, workpiece or Similary 22 Roller guide to zoom drive rollers 2. 3 Guide by rollers for upper cooling lifting device of sheet and bucket 24 Feed refrigerant for lower cooling device of the sheet 25 Refrigerant feed for top cooling device of the sheet 26 Refrigerant feed for cube cooling 27 Feed coolant for lower cooling of the tread, feed pipe 28 Feed coolant for lateral cooling of the tread, feed pipe 29 Feed coolant for top cooling of the raceway, feed pipe 30 Device husked by water to Pressure 31 Water feed for husked by water to Pressure 32 Temperature chamber, monitoring device temperature 33 Spinning axis, imaginary; axis of symmetry of rotation 3. 4 - 35 - 36 Buttress 37 Cube, wheel hub TO Tilt Direction of the swing arm 11 B Direction tilt arm tilt eleven C Vertical direction of elevation V  \ hskip0.5cm ''  \ hskip1cm '' \ hskip0.5cm ''  \ hskip0.5cm '' X Direction of tree graduation for drive roller 4 Y Tree graduation address for drive roller 4

Claims (20)

1. Device for cooling and treating heated bodies (21), with rotation symmetry, from metallic materials such as steel or steel alloys, preferably monobloc wheels, tires, wheel plates or similar discs and rings, such as railway and tram wheels, gear wheels and Catalina wheels, the body being mounted with hot rotation symmetry (21) in a horizontal position, with its perimeter, on several drive rollers (4) arranged distributed on its perimeter, being rotatably driven to the minus one of the drive rollers (4) per motor with variable speed and, by means of this, the body being rotated with rotational symmetry (21) with vertical rotation axis, being arranged in the region of the body edge (21) With numerous rotation symmetry spraying openings distributed over its perimeter, through which at least one refrigerant with r In-line egulation or in-line control over surface regions of the body with rotational symmetry (21), with controlled volumetric current, especially however laminar, being able to graduate the available spray openings to feed the refrigerant in the radial direction of the body (21 ) and being arranged with the possibility of blocking in the respective position, the spray openings being arranged on the upper and lower face and on the periphery of the body (21) with rotation symmetry, in each case, with the possibility of graduation and synchronous blocking and the mouth openings of the spray openings being arranged, which are associated to the upper and lower face and to the periphery of the body with rotational symmetry (21), in each case on an imaginary circle and being able to receive, in the case of a radial graduation of these spray openings on the perimeter of the body with rotational symmetry n (21), in each case the same annular regions of the body (21) the refrigerant and being arranged, distributed on the perimeter of the body with rotational symmetry (21), many or several nozzles of husking with pressurized water that husks the region to be husked on the upper, lower face and the periphery of the body (21) during the rotary drive of the drive roller (4), by spraying a liquid and the spray openings being arranged, separated for the respective functional region, with the possibility of control or
regulation. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles, which are associated with the upper and lower face and the periphery of the body (21), are disposed in each case on an annular pipe (16, 17 , 18) configured as a collecting channel, which surround the body (21) in each case annularly. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the annular channels (16, 17, 18) have the same diameter and are arranged concentrically with one another on different planes, and because the annular collecting channels (16, 17, 18) they are connected to separate supply pipes (27, 28, 29), by which the refrigerant can be fed to the collecting channels (16, 17, 18) in a controlled or regulated manner. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles are associated in each case with a spray arm (8.1, 8.2, 8.3), which is configured for example as a tube and which is connected to the respective annular collecting pipe (16, 17, 18) by means of refrigerant conduction. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) associated with an affected annular collecting pipe (16, 17, 18) can be graduated radially, synchronously by motor, in order to increase or reduce the spray diameter and can also be locked in the position of diameter adjusted in each case. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that all the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are arranged on one and the same annular collector pipe (16, 17, 18) by means of only one motor drive in each case, a through an articulated gear, in radial direction and being able to graduate radially in relation to its spray openings or spray nozzles. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, wherein the body (21) with rotation symmetry is configured as a wheel and has a wheel hub (37), characterized in that the cube cooling device (13 ) provided to cool the wheel hub (37) has at least one tube, which penetrates the wheel hub (37) and has at its lower end at least one spray opening or spray nozzle, and because the cooling device The cube is set in a height-adjustable way (CV) in the horizontal direction (AB) and tilting outwards. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the device (13) used to cool the hub has vertical movement (CV) in a tilting drive (9), for example by means of a piston-cylinder unit to be driven by pressure of the pressure medium in the horizontal direction (AB) and a lifting cylinder (19), which is preferably also formed by a piston-cylinder unit to be propelled alternatively on both sides with pressure of the pressure medium. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the drive rollers that house the body with rotational symmetry can be driven through separate axes, which run horizontally and are arranged in each case with uniform angular intervals between yes on the perimeter of a circle, and they can be adjusted in the direction of their longitudinal axis by means of an axial adjustment drive (5) and are configured so that they can be operated, in each case, by a continuously adjustable rotary drive . Device according to claim 9, characterized in that all the rotary drives (3) of the drive rollers (4) are controlled in their number of revolutions synchronously and in the same direction from a central control unit. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the body temperature with rotation symmetry can be measured by means of a suitable temperature measurement system, for example a temperature chamber, and because the measured values can feeding a computer of a regulating device, through which the amounts of refrigerant to be sprayed on the regions to be tempered can be regulated. 12. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that all bypass valves, pressure regulating valves, quantity regulating valves, flow and pressure measuring devices and the temperature monitoring device (32) are gathered in a central supervision unit through control or regulation technique. 13. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the operational data necessary for a body (21), for example for a railway or tram wheel, is archived in a program of an SPS and can be recovered by means of a certain identification number, after which the device for regulating or controlling the device then controls or regulates the descaling process and the supply of the refrigerant by spraying the quantities of refrigerant on the body regions (21), to be cooled or tempered in each case, and because this heat treatment can be detected in line, so that for each body (21) a heat treatment protocol can be developed. 14. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that a lifting device (20) that can be lowered during the process is placed below the supporting plane for the body (21). of husking and cooling or tempering and which is concentrically arranged to the annular collector channels (16, 17, 18). 15. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting device (20) is composed of a cylinder to be propelled alternately on both sides with pressure of the pressure medium, whose piston rod is provided with a buttress (36) configured as a plate of support, through which the body (21) can be raised to a plane to be handled by a manipulator. 16. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that a collector tray for husks, peeling liquid and coolant is arranged below the lower annular collecting channel (16) and because this collection container is arranged on a transport device that carries out the husking liquid and the refrigerant as well as the removed husks and separates them, on one side of the husking liquid or, on the other hand, from the refrigerant. 17. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the device is configured in the drum-shaped plan view, the machine studs (1) protruding radially outside the outer perimeter lines of the device with their rotary drives (3) as well as the tilt arm (1) for the leaf and hub cooling device (13). 18. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles are supported to cool the upper face of the body (21) by the tilting arm (1), which also supports the device of refrigeration for the cooling of hub (13) and is arranged with tilt and stroke movement with respect to it. 19. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the lever drive for the spray openings or spray nozzles located in each case in a plane is composed of numerous push bars (12), connected to levers of tilt (7) for spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) through axes that run parallel to each other, which are arranged in each case at the corners of the tilt lever (7) almost trapezoidal for the arms of spraying (8.1, 8.2, 8.3), two push bars (12) being connected on each side opposite the rocker lever (7) through rocker axes, while at a certain distance and at the corner points of a triangle arranged for this purpose, in each case, another connecting axis has been arranged for the respective tilting arm (7), and because all the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) have a p art that runs horizontally, to which a bent tubular piece is connected, preferably at right angles, and because the horizontal sectors are arranged in each case with the same orientation. 20. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the lever lengths of the adjustment lever are sized in such a way for the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3), that in the entire diametral region each nozzle or each spray opening is always arranged on the same runway.