EP1215291A1 - Method and apparatus for cooling and treating of rotationally symmetric metal bodies, especially steel bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for cooling and treating heated rotationally symmetrical bodies made from steel or steel alloys comprises initially descaling the bodies; and adjusting the mechanical properties using complex cooling processes which are carried out for different volumes and/or surface regions of the body to be treated so that these regions can be controlled or regulated online by spraying or blowing with a medium. An Independent claim is also included for a device for cooling and treating heated rotationally symmetrical bodies made from steel or steel alloys. Preferably the rotationally symmetrical hot bodies are rotated about their axes of rotational symmetry during descaling and during subsequent volume and surface specific cooling. The cooling medium is simultaneously sprayed or blown onto the surface regions to be treated.

Description

genus

The invention relates to a method for cooling and treating heated, rotationally symmetrical Bodies made of metallic materials such as steel respectively Steel alloys.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for performing this Process.

State of the art

It is known to use railway or tram wheels only on the actual one Cool the tread in a controlled manner, usually using water or water Additives are used as a cooling medium.

The state of the art also includes discontinuously the tread area of wheels by cooling the wheel during a rotational movement only partially immersed in a pool and then cooled.

Also known are systems in which solid wheels are cooled around the To subject the tread area of these wheels to an accelerated cooling and thereby bring about a tread remuneration. Rings and hoops are not to be remunerated in this way.

Another disadvantage is that the previously known plants and procedures no descaling, especially in the tread area of railway or tram wheels, so that generally none uniform heat transfer conditions in the circumferential direction of the tread area are given with the corresponding effects on inhomogeneous Structural and strength properties over the scope of the concerned Wheel. With this procedure, the wheel rim is accelerated When subjected to cooling, the hub of the wheel remains untreated, so that at most a normalization process is used here. The everything leads to corresponding structure and strength gradients in the wheel rim area in the radial direction. The previously known plants are general time-controlled, that is, the coolant volume and / or the coolant pressure and thus essentially the coolant temperature are unchangeable, that is, fixed, so that an influence on structure and strength of the wheel rim is carried out over a predetermined cooling time. A Online temperature measurement or online temperature-controlled cooling are not known in this context.

Desired structural or mechanical properties can therefore only be unsatisfactorily influenced during residual stresses in the area of the wheel rim - if at all - only imprecise and therefore are to be influenced in an unsatisfactory manner, since the internal stresses decisive plasticizing processes in the transition area between cooling wheel rim and hot leaf practically not checked can be controlled because only the wheel rim and the structure respectively the internal stress of the blade can be disregarded.

task

The invention has for its object to first create a method with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be completely eliminated and it also enables predetermined areas of the body to influence specifically.

Furthermore, the invention has for its object to a device create with which the inventive method with robust means can be reproducibly carried out under operating conditions.

Solution to the problem regarding the procedure

This object is achieved by the features set out in claim 1 .

Further inventive embodiments

Further inventive method steps are described in claims 2 to 21 .

Some advantages

While with conventional procedures practically only the wheel rim "treated", can be any area according to the inventive method of the rotationally symmetrical body, if necessary wheel rim, leaf and Cooled hub, regulated or controlled, to achieve the desired properties in the Maintain structure. While the prior art blade and hub are practical cooling in the air and only normalized in this way takes place in the case of the invention Process a defined setting of mechanical properties in the blade and hub through targeted, regulated or controlled cooling, so that in the predetermined areas of the rotationally symmetrical Body strength, toughness, internal stress and defined property gradients or homogeneity of these properties - with those for practice sufficient tolerances - in the entire wheel or tire volume below Inclusion of all functional areas of the component such as hub, blade and wheel rim let set.

The development of these properties takes place primarily through the setting defined structure and their subsequent cooling, whereby the cooling on the one hand the morphology of the structure and thus strength, toughness and Internal stress affected, but also due to locally different plasticization processes the residual stress state of the component. Any subsequent tempering of the body thus cooled has essentially only the function of stress relieving.

Accordingly, the method according to the invention comprises practically complex cooling processes considering surface condition (descaling), Cooling times or cooling intervals, both for the bike itself as well as for the individual functional areas, coolant, coolant quantities, Coolant flows, order of cooling of the functional areas and current component temperatures, in each case for the relevant functional areas of the body. As a result, residual stresses develop in dependence on the way the entire component volume cools down because the volume elements of the body influence each other. In As a result, the method according to the invention is a Functional area-related, defined and reproducible setting of mechanical Properties by means of complex cooling processes. These cooling processes are usually for the different volume or

Surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body in question, for Example of a wheel, different.

The temperature at which the rotationally symmetrical body before descaling the procedure according to the invention is subjected to, between Forging heat and temperature are above the transformation temperature, since the method according to the invention is precipitation-hardening in the case of cooling Alloys, for example also micro-alloyed steels, have an influence on the reaction kinetics and thus on the mechanical properties of the component.

Rule and control variables according to the new procedure are those measured online Surface temperature of the body and / or the coolant pressure, and / or the amount of coolant, and / or the coolant stamping (laminar / turbulent), and / or the type of cooling medium (water, air, mixtures) as well as the chronological sequence of the coolant type in an individual coolant circuit.

All in all, the desired structure formation and thus the mechanical Properties when using the procedure according to the invention specifically feasible, and not just in the area of a wheel rim, but in every functional area of the wheel or body.

By the upstream descaling of the tread or the like a uniform surface quality and therefore largely uniform heat transfer conditions brought about.

Desired residual stresses e.g. B. in the area of the rim can Height can be set specifically because the residual stress is decisive determining plasticization processes in the transition area between cooling and hot material areas are influenced in a very targeted manner, and because of the fact that the surfaces of several edge areas are very can be individually cooled in a controlled manner.

Solution of the problem regarding the device

This object is achieved by the features set out in claim 22 .

Further inventive configurations

Further inventive configurations of the device described in claim 22 are described in claims 23 to 48 .

Some advantages

A device designed according to the invention is robust and can therefore can be used industrially under the room operating conditions. through of such a system is particularly advantageous the treatment of railway and tram bikes possible. Here, the wheel in question Rotation offset and first descaled, whereupon the corresponding Surface areas, for example the tread, blade and hub by individually regulated or controlled coolant flows in predetermined Be cooled to the predetermined structure in the area of the wheel rim, to influence the blade and the hub in a defined way and also the desired residual stresses in the area of the wheel rim or the like selectively adjust their height. Hardening processes are also in this way specifically feasible.

Fig. 1

eine Teildraufsicht auf eine Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung und

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt nach der Linie II - II der Fig. 1

Further features and advantages result from the following description of the drawing, in which the invention is illustrated using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a partial plan view of a device according to the invention and

Fig. 2

a section along the line II - II of Fig. 1st

The invention is illustrated in the drawing when applied to a device, in which railway and tram wheels are particularly advantageous descaled and a defined and reproducible mechanical setting Properties can be subjected to complex cooling processes.

Reference numeral 1 designates one that is only indicated schematically and on the floor vertical machine stands, while with 2 over the circumference of a circle with equal angular distances with respect to it Longitudinal axes arranged to each other designed as rotary drives 3 Drive units are designated. There is one on each frame 2 Rotary drive 3 arranged. All rotary actuators are not shown Control cabinet via at least one frequency converter connected to each other, so that they are infinitely variable in both directions Speeds can be controlled or regulated. Own for this purpose the rotary drives 3 not illustrated electric motors, each drive a drive roller 4 via a shaft shown in FIG. 2. Each shaft has an axial actuator 5 in its longitudinal axis direction, So adjustable in the X or Y direction via a lever mechanism and in the desired position can also be locked. All axial actuators 5 are synchronized via a central control or Control device adjustable (not shown) to each of them descaling and cooling to adjust rotationally symmetrical body 21. This means that all drive rollers 4 with respect to one imaginary circle, the center of which with an imaginary axis of rotation 33 (FIG. 2) coincides, lie on the same diameter and of the same diameter are radially adjustable and lockable.

The reference numeral 6 denotes an actuating lever for a plurality of Spray arms, with each of these spray arms in several levels are arranged one above the other, which will be described below. In every At the level, many of these spray arms are approximately circular or polygonal arranged. There are also numerous at each level of these spray arms Swivel lever 7 is provided for the spray arms with which the spray arms over parallel and at a distance from each other in the corner points of an imaginary Triangle or an imaginary trapezoid arranged pivot axes are pivotally connected. The reference number 8.1 Spray arms for the upper level, with 8.2 spray arms for a medium level and designated 8.3 spray arms for a lower level.

In the embodiment shown, the spray arms 8.1 or 8.2 or 8.3 each trained in the same level and with the same Kinematics adjustable to each other. It is also conceivable in all Plan the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 equally and with the same kinematics embody. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are designed as tubes which have spray nozzles (not shown) at their ends. can have. Instead of spray nozzles, the pipes can also be turned on their ends must be open, that is to say the same flow cross-section as the pipes of the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 have themselves. The Spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 have ends bent at right angles to one another, such that the spray arms 8.1, which are in the upper level, with their Mouth openings or spray nozzles are directed downwards while the cranked ends of the spray arms 8.3 are directed upwards, namely preferably such that the longitudinal axes of the spray openings or spray nozzles the upper and lower levels are each coaxial with what but is not necessarily a requirement. The spray arms 8.1 run in contrast substantially radially or at an acute angle from an imaginary horizontal Level directed upwards, which is also not a requirement is.

All spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are each connected to a coolant supply connected. As a coolant or cooling medium, tap water quality, but also water with additives, for example hardness additives, Emulsions or the like. It is also conceivable to use water to mix with a suitable gas, mainly air, or the Spray arms on the same level a liquid cooling medium or a Feed the gas medium one after the other or simultaneously. For example possible a group of spray arms a liquid cooling medium and one another group of spray arms of the same spray level a gaseous Add coolant.

The spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 of each level are connected to one another as a ring manifold trained spray ring 16 or 17 or 18 connected to each The cooling medium is controlled via an inlet line 27 or 28 or 29 or regulated via suitable multi-way valves, shut-off devices or the like (not shown) is supplied via a central control unit (also not shown) are operated. Also the respective one Coolant source, pumps, etc. are for the sake of easier overview not shown.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are each over Pivot axes with the trapezoidal shape seen in the plan view from FIG. 1 Swivel levers 7 connected. There is such an arrangement been taken that the spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 with their mouth openings or spray nozzles over the entire diameter range over which they should spray a defined track on the rotationally symmetrical to be treated in each case Body 21, for example on a wheel or tire, take in. So that means that the rotational symmetry in question Body 21 in the illustrated embodiment simultaneously from above and from below over those in one level, for example in the upper level Spray openings or spray nozzles of the spray arms 8.1 in total Sprayed the width of the surface area to be treated with cooling medium becomes.

At 9, a swivel drive in the form of an alternating on both sides Pressure medium pressure, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, to be applied Piston-cylinder unit indicated, its cylinder on a machine stand 1 is fixed while its piston rod is vertical Swivel axis with a swivel arm 11 for an upper sheet or Hub cooling device is connected. At 10 is a pivot bearing for the Swivel arm 11 of the upper blade or hub cooling device 13 indicated. This swivel arm 11 for the upper blade or hub cooling device rotationally symmetrical body 21 also has an inlet 26 for the Cooling medium, for example air or water, which is designed as a tube and has a horizontal and a vertical length section. The Hub cooling device 13 is used to cool the hub at the illustrated embodiment designed as a railway carriage wheel 21 rotationally symmetrical body, while at 14 an upper Sheet cooling device and at 15 a lower sheet cooling device is arranged, each with numerous parallel tubes at their ends open mouth openings or spray nozzles inserted having. The upper sheet cooling device 14 is connected to an inlet line 34 for the cooling medium and the lower sheet cooling device 15 to one Inlet line 24 connected. The two lines 24 and 34 will Coolant also controlled or regulated via not shown Shut-off devices and control or regulating organs supplied by the same central control center can be controlled or regulated as the other device parts and drives also.

The feed line 34 of the upper sheet cooling device 14 is at one box-shaped inlet 35 connected to the several groups of nozzles or lines, similar to the upper sheet cooling device shown in FIG. 2 14, can be connected. The tubes of the upper sheet cooling device 14 can open tangentially (Fig. 1), which if necessary also for the upper and lower spray arms 8.1, 8.3 and possibly also for the Spray arms 8.2 of the lateral rim cooling can apply. This gives there is a rotating coolant flow that has a certain centrifugal effect is exposed, causing the coolant to strike the one to be cooled rotationally symmetrical body 21 flung outwards becomes.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the pivot arm 11 for the upper sheet and Hub cooling can be swiveled in a horizontal plane in direction A or B and also vertically movable in the direction C or V (FIG. 2) via a lifting cylinder 19 is arranged. This lifting cylinder 19 is also around a piston-cylinder unit, alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, for example, hydraulically or pneumatically and their piston rod with the Swivel bearing for the blade and hub cooling is coupled. The registered Double arrow in Fig. 2 illustrates the adjustment movement of the lifting cylinder 19th

In each of the machine stands 1 there is a roller guide 22 for the drive rollers 4 provided that a slight horizontal adjustment in the direction X or Y of the shaft for the respective drive roller 4 over the axial Enable actuator 5.

At 23 is a roller guide for the lifting cylinder 19 of the swivel arm 11 upper blade and hub cooling.

At 30, a pressure water descaling device is provided at least one, preferably numerous descaling high pressure glands has over the water under pressure for descaling the rotationally symmetrical Body 21 can be fed. Similar nozzles can be found on the side of the body 21 and below (not shown) or on others Make changes, for example on the hub and on the top and bottom of the blade through the rotationally symmetrical body 21 at all required points Descaling pressurized water. The pressurized water descaling device 30 becomes water via a water inlet formed as a line 31 supplied under pressure, which is provided via an optionally adjustable pump will (not shown). Suitable shut-off devices are not shown also not the regulating and control device for at least one pump for the Pressure water.

At 32 is a temperature monitoring device designed as a temperature camera indicated that in a suitable manner with the central control and the state of regulation is connected and that to be described below Way included in the control system is.

At 20, a lifting device is shown, which also consists of a strong, alternating with pressure medium on both sides, especially with hydraulic fluid to be acted upon piston-cylinder unit, which is not by a pressure medium source shown the pressure medium is supplied. By the lifting device 20 becomes the rotationally symmetrical body 21, for example a Railway wheel, raised to z. B. to remove from the device. Of the piston rod can also be inserted when the rotationally symmetrical body 21 is inserted be extended so that an abutment 36 in the opening of the Hub 37 engages. Appropriate pressure medium is then applied the lifting device is lowered in the vertical direction until the tread is on the three drive rollers 4 rests.

Below the device, a not shown hopper for tinder and cooling medium can be arranged. A suitable conveyor to carry away the cooling medium and / or the scale is also not shown. Also a separating device through which the scale is separated from the cooling medium is not shown for reasons of simplification.

Instead of circular, rotationally symmetrical bodies 21 such as wheels and rings, can also gears or sprockets in a device according to the invention be treated.

The coolant inlet for the upper sheet cooling device is designated by 25.

The operation of the device shown in the drawing is as follows:

The warm to be treated, for example preferably above the GOS point heated rotationally symmetrical body 21, for example a railway wagon wheel, is introduced into the device by means of a manipulator. For this purpose, the swivel arm 11 for the upper blade and hub cooling raised by appropriate pressurization of the lifting cylinder 19 and from the working area of the machine laterally in direction B through the Swivel drive 9 pivoted away. The lifting cylinder 20 is by appropriate Pressurized medium extended so that the abutment 36 is in the upper position and the rotationally symmetrical body, for example, a railroad car wheel 21. The Spray arms 8.1 and 8.2 are pivoted outwards to a larger radius when they are later swiveled into the working position. The spray arms 8.3 and the drive rollers 4 are in the working position. The automatic manipulator now places the workpiece 21 and sends a signal to the programmable logic controller Control (PLC - not shown) of the device.

Then the lifting cylinder 20 travels by applying pressure medium accordingly in its opposite direction, i.e. downwards, preferably until it reaches its end position. If this position is reached, get the rotary drives 3 the signal, the drive rollers 4 with the corresponding To turn the necessary speed.

The next step in the process is the tread on the front, top and bottom pressurized water descaling, namely via the pressurized water descaling device 30 and 31. The tinder and the pressurized water fall down a collecting funnel from where they are transported away.

After descaling, the temperature monitoring device detects in shape the temperature camera 32, for example, the tread temperature of the rotationally symmetrical Body 21 and gives the whole treatment Measured temperature to the PLC for comparison of target and actual values. In the PLC based on the measured temperature, for example the amount of cooling medium and / or set the cooling time.

After descaling, the spray arms 8.1 and 8.2 swivel into the working position by appropriate actuation of a motor drive of the control lever 6. Then the spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 as well as the hub cooling device 13 and the upper and lower sheet cooling devices 14 and 15 a suitable cooling medium, for example water and / or air regulated or controlled via the feed lines and z. B. corresponding to one the program number controlled in the PLC with the corresponding Pressure and the appropriate amount given to the body 21.

For example, has the specified time expired and / or is the required time? If the rim temperature is reached, the supply of the cooling medium to the Spray arms 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 as well as for the hub cooling 13 and for the upper and lower blade cooling 14 and 15 switched off and the drive rollers 4 remain stand.

After swiveling the swivel arm 11 and swiveling it back of the spray arms 8.1 and 8.2, the lifting cylinder 20 can be rotationally symmetrical Lift body 21, for example a railway wagon wheel, and bring it to the (not shown) manipulator included in the process control handed over for removal.

Due to the special geometry of the swivel lever 7 for the spray arms 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and the push rods 12 ensures that the spray arms 8.1 and 8.3 or their nozzles or outflow openings for everyone to be treated Diameter of the rotationally symmetrical body 21 always the whole Wet the surface, for example the entire front surface or the wheel rim or spray. For every functional area of a rotationally symmetrical Body 21, for example a wheel, it is thus possible to target the Cooling to control by cooling times, the cooling medium, coolant amounts and / or the order of cooling a functional area-related, defined and reproducible setting of the mechanical properties, for example strength, toughness and in particular residual stresses in the entire wheel or in the volume of the tire including all To achieve functional areas of the component, i.e. hub, blade and wheel rim. A constant online measurement is paired with a controller and / or regulation of the coolant flows and / or cooling times and the sequence of the coolant flows at the corresponding to be treated Surface areas. The device according to the invention thus enables Descaling as well as a targeted one and the same device Structural treatment and structural adjustment of predetermined areas of the rotationally symmetrical Body 21.

The in the summary, in the claims and in the description described features and can be seen from the drawing both individually and in any combination for the realization of the Invention to be essential.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

machine stand

2

Frame for drive unit

3

Rotary drive for drive roller 4, infinitely variable; drive unit

4

capstan

5

axial actuator for drive roller 4

6

Adjustment lever for spray arms 8.1, 8.3

7

Swing arm for spray arms

8.1

Spray arms for upper rim cooling; upper level

8.2

Spray arm for lateral rim cooling; middle level

8.3

Spray arm for lower rim cooling; lower level

9

Swivel drive for upper blade and hub cooling, piston-cylinder unit

10

Swivel bearing for upper blade and hub cooling

11

Swivel arm for upper blade and hub cooling

12

Push rods for swiveling the spray arms

13

Hub Cooler

14

upper sheet cooling device

15

lower blade cooling device

16

Spray ring for lower ring cooling, collecting ring line

17

Spray ring for lateral rim cooling, collecting ring line

18

Spray ring for lower ring cooling, collecting ring line

19

Lifting cylinder for upper blade and hub cooling device

20

Lift cylinder for lifting and lowering the rotationally symmetrical body 21, lifting device

21

rotationally symmetrical body, railway wagon wheel, workpiece or like

22

Roller guide for the delivery of the drive rollers

23

Roller guide for lifting device for the upper blade and hub cooling

24

Coolant inlet for lower leaf cooling device

25

Coolant inlet for upper sheet cooling device

26

Coolant supply for hub cooling

27

Coolant inlet for lower rim cooling, inlet line

28

Coolant inlet for lateral rim cooling, inlet pipe

29

Coolant inlet for upper rim cooling, inlet line

30

Druckwasserentzunderungsvorrichtung

31

Water inlet for descaling under pressure

32

Temperature camera, temperature monitoring device

33

Axis of rotation, imaginary; Rotational symmetry axis

34

supply line

35

Inlet for upper sheet cooling device

36

abutment

37

Hub, wheel hub

A

Swivel direction of the swivel arm 11

B

Swivel direction of the swivel arm 11

C

Vertical stroke direction

V

""

X

Adjustment direction of the shaft for drive roller 4

Y

"" "" ""

Claims (48)

Process for cooling and treating heated, rotationally symmetrical Body (21) made of metallic materials, such as steel or steel alloys, primarily of monoblock wheels, wheel tires, wheel disks and the like Discs and rings, such as railway and tram wheels, gear wheels and sprockets, the relevant body (21) first being descaled and then a functional area-related, defined and reproduced Setting of mechanical properties by means of complex cooling processes takes place for different volumes or surface areas of the body (21) to be treated can be carried out differently, such that that the predetermined areas of the body (21) by spraying or Blowing of at least one medium online-controlled or online-regulated be cooled. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical warm body (21) is rotated around its rotational symmetry axis (33) during descaling and during the subsequent volume and surface-specific cooling and the cooling media is sprayed or inflated onto several of the surface areas to be cooled at the same time. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical body (21) for descaling and cooling is brought into a horizontal or approximately horizontal position in such a way that its axis of rotational symmetry (33) runs vertically, and that the descaling medium and the cooling medium are provided by a plurality or a plurality of cooling jets or cooling streams is applied in the form of rings or tongs to the surface areas to be descaled and cooled. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the cooling streams or cooling jets coat or rinse the rotationally symmetrical body (21) over its entire circumference at the surface areas to be cooled simultaneously or approximately simultaneously. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that for cooling different cooling media with different cooling effects, for example air and / or water and / or water with hardness additives and / or air-water mixtures, are successively cooled onto the surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) are applied. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the cooling medium is supplied in a time-dependent manner. Method according to Claim 1 or one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the cooling medium is supplied as a function of the temperature of the heated, rotationally symmetrical body (21), in particular of its surface temperature. Method according to Claim 1 or one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the volume of the amounts of coolant applied to the surface areas to be cooled is carried out as a function of the continuously measured temperature or surface temperature of the body (21). Method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the supply of the cooling medium is carried out as a function of time, depending on empirically determined structural values of the body (21). Method according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the volume flows of the cooling medium envelop the rotationally symmetrical body, which is driven in rotation during the descaling process and during the cooling process, at its edge region or rim region. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical body is simultaneously cooled on its top and bottom sides and on its peripheral surface by the volume flows of the cooling medium, possibly to different surface areas and / or with a time delay, during its rotary drive. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that in the production of railway or tram wheels while the rotationally symmetrical body (21) is being driven, the tread and the wheel underside and the wheel top are simultaneously cooled by the cooling medium or the cooling media. Method according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that when the edge regions and / or the top and bottom of the body (21) cool down, the hub (37) of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) or for tires also Tread and / or the top / bottom and the inner bore is cooled by one or more volume flows. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the cooling of the corresponding surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) is carried out as a hardening process. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows of the cooling medium are supplied in a predetermined sequence to predetermined surface areas of the body (21) in order to achieve a predetermined internal stress of the respective functional area. Method according to Claim 1 or one of Claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows of the cooling medium are supplied in a predetermined sequence to predetermined surface areas of the body (21) in order to achieve a predetermined strength of the respective functional area. Method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows of the cooling medium are supplied in a predetermined sequence to predetermined surface areas of the body in order to achieve a predetermined toughness of the respective functional area. Method according to Claim 1 or one of Claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the controlled or regulated volume flows of the cooling medium are supplied in a predetermined sequence to predetermined surface areas of the body (21) in order to achieve defined property gradients in the entire wheel or wheel circumference or wheel rim. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the cooling medium on the respective areas of the body to be cooled at an angle, for. B. is applied tangentially. Method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the surfaces to be treated are applied to the tread area and to the inside of the wheel simultaneously or with a time lag in a rotationally symmetrical body (21) in order to generate defined residual stresses, without the two end faces being applied by the cooling medium be cooled. Method according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the rotational speed of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) or the like is controlled or regulated during the cooling process, in such a way that the cooling liquid applied to the top end face is caused by centrifugal forces from the body, a wheel, for example, is transported away, thereby avoiding wetting of the blade or conveying the cooling liquid away from it. Device for cooling heated, rotationally symmetrical bodies (21) metallic materials such as steel or steel alloys or the like, primarily of monoblock wheels, wheel tires, wheel disks and the like Discs and rings, for example railway wheels, the warm one rotationally symmetrical body (21) in a horizontal position over several its circumference distributed drive rollers (4) with its circumference is mounted, at least one of the drive rollers (4) being motorized Variable speed is driven by rotation and thus the rotationally symmetrical Body (21) set in rotation, in the edge region of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) distributed over its circumference numerous Spray openings or spray nozzles are arranged through which at least one Cooling medium regulated online or controlled online to be cooled Surface areas of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) can be sprayed on or is sprayable. Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that a plurality of spray nozzles or spray openings for the supply of cooling medium are provided both above and below the rotationally symmetrical body (21) over the circumference thereof. Apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that a plurality or a plurality of spray openings or spray nozzles is associated with the periphery of the rotationally symmetrical body (21). Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles available for supplying the cooling medium are adjustable at least in the radial direction of the body (21) and can be locked in the respective position. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles on the top and bottom and on the periphery of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) are each arranged synchronously adjustable and lockable. Apparatus according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the mouth openings of the spray nozzles, which are assigned to the top and bottom and the periphery of the rotationally symmetrical body (21), are each arranged on an imaginary circle, and that when these spray openings are adjusted radially or spray nozzles over the circumference of the rotationally symmetrical body (21), the same ring regions of the body (21) are acted upon by the cooling medium. Apparatus according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles which are assigned to the bottom and top and the periphery of the body (21) each on a ring line (16, 17, 18) designed as a collecting channel are arranged, which surround the body (21) in a ring. Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that the ring channels (16, 17, 18) have the same diameter and are arranged concentrically to one another in different planes one above the other, and in that the ring-shaped collecting channels (16, 17, 18) are connected to separate feed lines (27, 28 , 29) are connected, by means of which the cooling medium can be fed to the collecting channels (16, 17, 18) in a controlled or regulated manner. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that each of the supply lines (27, 28, 29) is assigned at least one remotely controllable shut-off valve. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles are each associated with a spray arm (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) which, for. B. is designed as a tube and is connected to the respective collecting ring line (16, 17, 18) in a coolant-conducting manner. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) assigned to a relevant collecting ring line (16, 17, 18) are radially adjustable synchronously by motor in order to increase or decrease the spray diameter and can also be locked in the respectively set diameter position. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that all the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) on the same collecting ring line (16, 17, 18) are arranged so as to be radially adjustable in radial direction with respect to their spray openings or spray nozzles by only one motor drive via an articulated gear are. Device according to Claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, in which the rotationally symmetrical body (21) is designed as a wheel and has a wheel hub (37), characterized in that the hub cooling device (13) provided for cooling the wheel hub (37) has at least one tube which dips into the wheel hub (37) and has at least one spray opening or spray nozzle at its lower end, and that the hub cooling device is designed to be height-adjustable (CV) in the horizontal direction (AB) and pivotable away. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the device (13) for cooling the hub via a swivel drive (9), for. B. by a piston-cylinder unit to be acted upon by pressure medium pressure in the horizontal direction (AB) and a lifting cylinder (19), which is preferably also formed by a piston-cylinder unit to be acted upon alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, in the vertical direction (CV ) is movable. Device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the drive rollers receiving the rotationally symmetrical body are driven via separate axes which run horizontally and which are each arranged over the circumference of a circle with uniform angular distances from one another and in the direction of their longitudinal axis by an axial one Actuator (5) are adjustable and each can be driven by a preferably infinitely variable rotary drive. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that all the rotary drives (3) of the drive rollers (4) are controlled synchronously and in the same direction by a central control unit. Apparatus according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the temperature of the rotationally symmetrical body can be measured by a temperature camera, and that the measured values can be fed to a computer of a control device, by means of which the coolant quantities to be sprayed onto the areas to be hardened can be controlled. Apparatus according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that all directional valves, pressure control valves, quantity control valves, flow and pressure measuring devices and the temperature monitoring device (32) are combined in a central monitoring unit for control or regulation purposes. Device according to Claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the operating data necessary for a body (21), for example for a railway or tram wheel, are stored in a program of a PLC and can be called up under a specific identification number, whereupon the control system of the device controls the descaling process and the supply of the cooling medium by spraying the quantities of coolant onto the respective areas of the body (21) to be cooled or hardened, and that this heat treatment is recorded online, in such a way that a heat treatment protocol can be created for each body (21). Apparatus according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that a plurality or a plurality of pressurized water descaling nozzles are arranged distributed over the circumference of the rotationally symmetrical body (21) and which delimit the area to be descaled on the top, bottom and on the periphery of the body (21) during the rotary drive of the drive roller (4) descaling by spraying a liquid. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that a lifting device (20) is arranged below the support plane on the rollers for the body (21), which can be lowered during the descaling and cooling or hardening process and which is concentric to the collecting ring channels (16, 17, 18) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 42, characterized in that the lifting device (20) consists of a cylinder to be acted upon alternately on both sides with pressure medium pressure, the piston rod of which is provided with an abutment (36) designed as a support plate, via which the body (21) except for one of a manipulator-operated level can be raised. Apparatus according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that a collecting trough for scale, descaling liquid and cooling medium is arranged below the lower collecting ring channel (16), and that this collecting container is arranged on a conveying device which the descaling liquid and the cooling medium and the removed removed scale and separates it from the descaling liquid on the one hand or from the cooling medium on the other. Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the device is drum-shaped in plan view, the machine stand (1) radially outside the outer boundary lines of the device with its rotary drives (3) and the swivel arm (11) for the protrude upper blade and hub cooling device (13). Device according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the spray openings or spray nozzles for cooling the upper side of the body (21) are carried by the swivel arm (11) which also carries the cooling device for the hub cooling (13) and with this is arranged to be pivotable and movable. Apparatus according to claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the lever drive for the spray openings or spray nozzles lying in one plane in each case consists of numerous push rods (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) connected to swivel levers (7) for spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3). 12), which are each arranged in the corners of the approximately trapezoidal swivel levers (7) for the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3), two push rods (12) on opposite sides being connected to the swivel lever (7) via swivel axes, while at a distance and in the corner points of a triangle there is a further connecting axis for the respective swivel arm (7), and that all spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) have a horizontally extending part, to which a part that is preferably bent at right angles Connects pipe part, and that the horizontal sections each identically are arranged. Device according to Claim 22 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the lever lengths of the adjusting levers for the spray arms (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are designed such that each nozzle or spray opening is always arranged in the same track over the entire diameter range ,

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