WO2001066238A1 - Procede de production d'eau epuree - Google Patents

Procede de production d'eau epuree Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001066238A1
WO2001066238A1 PCT/JP2000/001318 JP0001318W WO0166238A1 WO 2001066238 A1 WO2001066238 A1 WO 2001066238A1 JP 0001318 W JP0001318 W JP 0001318W WO 0166238 A1 WO0166238 A1 WO 0166238A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
raw water
washing
filtration
hollow fiber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2000/001318
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masahiro Kishi
Original Assignee
Aquasystems Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP10357258A priority Critical patent/JP2000079390A/ja
Application filed by Aquasystems Ltd. filed Critical Aquasystems Ltd.
Priority to AU2000228292A priority patent/AU2000228292A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2000/001318 priority patent/WO2001066238A1/fr
Publication of WO2001066238A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001066238A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/025—Bobbin units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/12—Use of permeate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing purified water from river water, brackish water, seawater and wastewater using a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane.
  • purified water refers to water from which insoluble solids (including colloids; the same applies hereinafter) contained in raw water (river water, brine, seawater, and wastewater before filtration) are removed.
  • Ultrafiltration membranes have high particle removal performance and can almost completely remove particles in raw water.Since their operation is simple, they are widely used industrially as turbidity-disinfection means for raw water. I have.
  • a hollow fiber also called a hollow fiber; a bundle of these bundles in a pressure vessel is generally used
  • a hollow fiber is often used because of its large throughput per unit volume.
  • filtration layer a space composed of bundles of the hollow fibers including the membrane surface of the hollow fibers (hereinafter referred to as “filtration layer”) ) Is contaminated and accumulates, and if a predetermined amount of filtered water is to be obtained, it must be operated at a high pressure. And if the contamination of this filtration layer progresses further, the filtration cannot be continued.
  • the device shows a predetermined pressure rise
  • a measure is taken to wash the contaminated filtration layer with water (chemicals may be used if the contamination is severe). Since the operation of the apparatus, that is, the filtration operation, must be interrupted, it is desirable from the viewpoint of the operation efficiency of the apparatus to reduce the frequency of this washing and minimize the time required for washing.
  • the filling rate of the hollow fiber bundle into the fillable space inside the pressure vessel is suppressed to 0.3 or less, and the insoluble solids in the raw water that has entered the inside of the filtration layer are easily discharged to the outside.
  • a part of the raw water supplied to the pressure vessel is drawn out from the pressure vessel in order to make it possible to escape and to minimize the formation of an insoluble solid deposit inside the filter layer, and the primary water (raw water supply side) is taken out.
  • Recirculation was used to increase the flow velocity on the primary side (the idea that the membrane surface should not be contaminated as much as possible).
  • washing operation was generally performed by flowing filtered water (including water containing chlorine-containing chemicals) from the direction opposite to the water filtration direction (backwashing).
  • Such a conventional apparatus naturally has a limit in the throughput per unit volume, and moreover, the more the backwashing is performed, the more the filtered water is consumed, so that the recovered rate of the filtered water is reduced. Also, recirculation of raw water naturally raises power costs.
  • chlorine-based chemicals should be used to avoid contamination of hollow fiber membranes by microorganisms (including secretions-insoluble solids-hereinafter, unless otherwise specified) that are difficult to remove by ordinary washing. Filtration is also performed by adding to raw water, but this raises a new problem of trihalomethane formation depending on the quality of raw water.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an economical and safe water purification method that solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present inventor has completed the present invention by carefully studying and verifying the factors of the problem including the pressure loss increase of the conventional system.
  • the throughput per unit volume was addressed by increasing the filling rate of the hollow fiber bundle. That is, a hollow fiber bundle is regularly and superimposedly wound around a core tube arranged at the center of a pressure vessel so as to extend in the axial direction thereof so as to have a uniform opening, and a hollow fiber type as a filtration layer is formed. An ultrafiltration membrane was used.
  • the phrase "a hollow fiber bundle is regularly and superposedly wound around a core tube so as to form a uniform opening" is disclosed, for example, in the claims of Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-144492.
  • the aperture is a value obtained by calculation from the diameter of adjacent hollow fibers and the porosity of the space formed by the hollow fibers.
  • the insoluble solids including microorganisms and secretions thereof, which are the same hereinafter
  • the ultrafiltration membrane of such an embodiment when used, the insoluble solids (including microorganisms and secretions thereof, which are the same hereinafter) once entering the inside of the filtration layer are easily removed from the layer.
  • this is an unfavorable mode because it causes pressure loss due to the dense structure itself.
  • the former is merely an assumption (in short, as a conventional pretreatment device).
  • the latter can be dealt with by considering the method of passing water in the filtration operation and the method of cleaning the membrane surface.
  • the present invention relates to a core tube (which has a large number of holes penetrating the entire wall thereof and has an outer peripheral surface formed in a central portion of a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel so as to extend in the axial direction thereof.
  • the spacer includes a plurality of ribs arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the core tube in the axial direction thereof and a net covering the upper end surface of the rib.
  • a water purification method using a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane which is used as a filtration layer by winding a bundle of hollow fibers regularly and superposedly so as to form a uniform opening,
  • the filtration operation is total filtration, and raw water is supplied from the outer peripheral space formed between the inner peripheral surface of the pressure vessel and the outer peripheral surface of the filtration layer toward the core tube, and the hollow fiber
  • the washing operation of the filtration layer including the membrane surface of the hollow fiber is performed by back-pressure washing in which filtered water flows from the inner cavity of the hollow fiber to the outside thereof, and supply from the core tube toward the outer peripheral space.
  • This is characterized in that it is carried out by a basic cleaning consisting of backwashing with raw water (may be filtered water; the same applies hereinafter).
  • FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of one embodiment of a membrane module used in the present invention (cut along an axis of a core tube.
  • FIG. 3 is a substitute photograph showing the surface layer of one embodiment of the filtration layer of the membrane module used in the present invention
  • the flow direction of the raw water in the filtration operation is directed from the outer peripheral portion of the pressure vessel toward the center, and the method of extracting the filtered water from the inner cavity of the hollow fiber is adopted.
  • the pressure drop due to the flow velocity decreases toward the center. Further, the flow velocity becomes “zero” near the core tube due to the total filtration.
  • the particles do not move to the center and remain near the surface of the filtration layer.On the other hand, coarse particles having a particle size larger than the aperture of the hollow fiber bundle enter the surface of the filtration layer further. Blocked (these trapped particles (including those associated) themselves also act as additional filtration layers).
  • the vertical type pressure vessel is used for removing the insoluble solids trapped in the filtration layer in a direction against gravity as in sand filtration (downward flowing water system) because of its efficiency. It is not a good idea in terms of.
  • the filling rate of the hollow fiber bundle constituting the preferable filtration layer with respect to the fillable space inside the pressure vessel is at least 0.5.
  • the aperture of the hollow fiber bundle is usually about 100 m (the particle diameter of the insoluble solid that is prevented from flowing into the inside of the hollow fiber bundle surface is 30 m). ⁇ 50 rn). If the molecular weight cutoff of the hollow fiber is appropriately selected, even microorganisms can be trapped on the membrane surface, and if measures against contamination of the membrane surface of the hollow fiber can be taken properly, the filtration operation It is not necessary to constantly add a chlorine-based disinfectant to the raw water in the above.
  • the filtration layer washing operation as the countermeasure includes back pressure washing in which filtered water flows from the lumen of the hollow fiber toward the outside thereof, and the outer periphery of the pressure vessel from the core tube.
  • Backwashing which consists of backwashing with raw water supplied to the space (hereinafter referred to as “basic washing”), is performed as needed, and empty washing (after the basic washing, from the core pipe, is performed).
  • the water remaining in the pressure vessel containing the trapped matter of the filtration layer removed by this is excluding water in the lumen of the hollow fiber.
  • Filtration operation from the lumen of the hollow fiber (raw water flows from the outer surface of the hollow fiber, that is, the membrane surface, to the lumen of the hollow fiber, and insoluble solids are separated on the membrane surface to become filtered water. Flow through the filter at a high pressure difference in the opposite direction (the hollow fiber itself and its pores expand).
  • the main object to be cleaned is fine particles (specific cleaning effect is “excluded”) clogging the pores (approximately 7 nm) of the hollow fiber and the cake layer deposited on the membrane surface of the hollow fiber (specific cleaning effect is "Peeling").
  • Specific constituents of the fine particles and the cake layer are organic macromolecules such as metal hydroxide colloids and proteins.
  • the raw water flows in the opposite direction to the filtration operation from the inside to the outside of the filtration layer (the raw water flows from the outer space of the pressure vessel to the core tube in the direction of the core tube).
  • the main object to be cleaned is the fine particles trapped inside the filtration layer, but, of course, the fine particles and the cake layer removed and peeled off in the previous back pressure cleaning are also discharged out of the apparatus system by this operation.
  • the flow velocity is higher inside the filtration layer, which contributes to the removal of the object to be washed from the inside of the filtration layer.
  • the fine particles trapped inside the filtration layer are suddenly blown out of the core tube by rapid jet of compressed air, and are completely converted into a high-speed gas-liquid multiphase flow (water remaining in the pressure vessel and air introduced into the core tube). And remove it outside the system. Since the drainage is done by air Recovery rate is improved. However, since the rejection force is so strong that the filtration membrane may be damaged, it is better to carry out the operation appropriately in view of the results of the basic washing and, if necessary, the chemical washing described later.
  • Raw water containing hypochlorite ions is introduced into the pressure vessel through the same route as backwashing in the basic washing (first chemical passing process). Unlike the backwashing performed before this operation, the raw water containing hypochlorite ions introduced into the pressure vessel is also introduced into the secondary side of the hollow fiber through the pores of the hollow fiber.
  • the hypochlorite ion contained in the raw water cooperates with the metal hydroxide to mainly oxidatively decompose the organic substance that mainly forms a cake layer on the membrane surface and as a part of the organic substance. This is for killing microorganisms.
  • the introduced raw water containing hypochlorous acid is held in the pressure vessel for a predetermined time (first holding step).
  • the purpose of this step is to make the oxidative decomposition of the organic substances and the disinfection of microorganisms effective with less chemicals.
  • first back pressure washing step Flow the hypochlorite ion-containing raw water introduced into the secondary side of the hollow fiber through the same route as the back pressure cleaning in the basic cleaning (first back pressure washing step).
  • the purpose of this step is to eliminate the organic substances that block the pores of the hollow fiber.
  • the raw water containing hypochlorous acid and the raw water not containing hypochlorous acid are used in the same way as the backwashing of the basic cleaning. Flow through the same route (first backwashing step).
  • the chemical solution (raw water containing hypochlorite ion) flows through the filtration layer in the opposite direction to the filtration operation, so that the inner perimeter of the filtration layer (water flow during the filtration operation is from the outer perimeter of the filtration layer).
  • the contamination level is lower than that on the outer side because it is directed toward the inner side.
  • the higher the flow rate the more contact is made with a fresh chemical solution, and a cleaner filtration surface is maintained. There is almost no decrease in performance.
  • the acid may be any one that can supply a predetermined concentration of hydrogen ions to the washing water, and specifically, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. And some organic acids such as mineral acid and citric acid (preferably hydrochloric acid from the viewpoint of easy handling and availability).
  • the contaminants on the membrane surface and the filtration layer containing microorganisms can be almost completely removed, so that they can be sufficiently used as a pretreatment operation for desalination treatment by reverse osmosis using brackish water or seawater as raw water.
  • the filtered water produced in the present invention can be supplied to a reverse osmosis apparatus as it is (without requiring any further pretreatment).
  • the system of the present invention can be naturally applied to a method for removing insoluble solids in wastewater as well as river water.
  • the membrane used in the system of the present invention has been described as an ultrafiltration membrane, but the idea of the present invention is that the molecular weight cut off of the membrane used is not a requirement,
  • the applicable membrane is not limited to an ultrafiltration membrane, and for example, an MF membrane or an NF membrane may be used.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic flow of the present invention (the flow for the original purpose of obtaining purified water in which insoluble solids are almost completely removed from the raw water, that is, the flow for the filtration operation).
  • V 0 is a raw water tank
  • VI is a pressure vessel
  • V 2 is a washing water tank
  • V 3 is an air reservoir (for compressed air)
  • V 4 is a water purification tank
  • P is a raw water pump.
  • “Chlorine” is indicated in the pressure vessel: g
  • Water purification tank The downstream of V4 is where purified water is used, for example, in the case of clean water. It is a chlorine-based chemical that is added to satisfy the required residual chlorine concentration at the tap. Also, what is indicated as “hydrochloric acid” in the figure is hydrochloric acid as a representative of the acid that is supplied only during the operation of washing the filtration layer.
  • the raw water is raised to a predetermined pressure by the raw water pump: P, and then sent to the primary side of the pressure vessel: VI (the outer surface of the hollow fiber, that is, the side where the membrane surface is exposed).
  • VI the outer surface of the hollow fiber, that is, the side where the membrane surface is exposed.
  • a layer composed of a bundle of hollow fibers: UF (hereinafter, referred to as a filtration layer) is provided at the center thereof so as to extend in the axial direction thereof. It is wound and held regularly and superimposed so as to have a uniform opening around T (Fig. 3 shows the state of the surface layer, which is in the form of a certain woven fabric).
  • the ends of the hollow fibers constituting the filtration layer are divided into water-tight sections at S 1 and S 2 from the inside of the pressure vessel.
  • Water chamber: VII, VI 2 whose inner cavity (which is the secondary side of the ultrafiltration membrane device) is open, so that the raw water introduced into the pressure vessel has the raw water inlet: I
  • W enters the filtration layer and the membrane surface of each hollow fiber in the filtration layer Flows toward the core pipe while being filtered at the same time (here, since the core pipe is blinded by a shut-off valve provided in a pipe connected to the core pipe, The raw water is not directly discharged to the outside of the pressure vessel through this pipe, and the whole amount of the raw water supplied to the pressure vessel is filtered water, that is, purified water, and the raw water is piped from the water chamber.
  • the water is discharged to the outside of the pressure vessel via a lid for forming a space as a water chamber: one end of which is connected to C 1 and C 2.
  • pressurized air is used as a means for sending the washing water in the filtration layer washing operation, so this tank is provided between the water purification tank: V4.
  • a pump may be used as the water supply means.
  • the system for separately providing the washing water tank is composed of a pressurized air for performing high-speed washing, air washing and air washing in the membrane surface washing operation as described later. Another reason for this is that the reservoir has a separate reservoir.) It is first sent via appropriate means, for example a pump and piping.
  • the filtration layer: UF becomes the surface layer of the filtration layer (the outer surface layer including the outer peripheral surface), the inside of the filtration layer, and on the membrane surface of each hollow fiber and in the pores. ) Enter a cleaning operation to remove insoluble solids trapped and adhered to the water.
  • the washing operation consists of basic washing that is performed regularly at appropriate intervals and additional washing that is added to the washing as needed (see Fig. 4 for the route through which water or air flows).
  • Rinse water tank Apply pressure to V2 (valve: CV5 “open”; CV7 is assumed to be “open” as long as an operation that requires air is performed) and stored in the rinse water tank in advance
  • Filtered water is supplied to the water chambers: C1 and C2, and a predetermined pressure is applied from the hollow fiber lumen to the outer surface of the hollow fiber (in principle, three times the filtration pressure difference, specifically 300 to 500 kPa )
  • a washing time of 10 seconds is sufficient.
  • a high-speed compressed air shocks the filtration layer and cleans the filtration layer.
  • “empty washing” and “medicine washing” are performed after performing one of the above basic washings several times. Of course, do both in series as needed ⁇ Q
  • washing refers to “first washing” (drug: a drug capable of releasing hypochlorite ions, such as sodium hypochlorite) and “second washing” (drug depending on the chemical used).
  • An acid for example, a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or an organic acid such as citric acid) (performed in series in numerical order)).
  • the pH in this case, pH
  • the completion of the water replacement is determined in advance by a valve: until the concentration of hypochlorous acid in the water discharged through the CV3 (in the case of the second washing, PH can be used) reaches a predetermined concentration. You just need to know the time and set that time in the timer.
  • the raw water containing hypochlorite ions is also filled in the washing water tank: V2 through the pores of the hollow fiber (valve: CV2 is temporarily opened, and after a predetermined time elapses, a timer or Attach a liquid level controller to the washing water tank. Will be closed at the traffic light).
  • Washing water tank in the first pass-through process Hypochlorite ion-containing raw water stored in V2 (filtered water because it passes through the membrane surface to be precise) is backwashed in basic washing. (Valve: ⁇ 5 and 33 "Open")
  • Raw water pressure vessel in the first pass-through process Raw water containing hypochlorite ions flows first, and raw water itself flows after a predetermined time, following the same route as the introduction to V1.
  • the presence or absence of the presence of hypochlorite may be determined by operating and stopping a chemical capable of generating hypochlorite in water, for example, a sodium hypochlorite injection pump (not shown).
  • Lake Biwa was sampled 200 m offshore at a depth of 2 m and used as it was. Its turbidity was 5 and SS was 16 ppm. Most of S S was organic.
  • First back-pressure chemical washing process (The conditions are the same as the back-pressure washing except that the washing water filled in the secondary side of the hollow fiber during the first chemical passing process is used as the washing water.)
  • ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION it is possible to perform filtration for a long time without requiring special pretreatment, and furthermore, it is not necessary to add a chlorine-based chemical to raw water in the filtration operation, so that economical and safe water purification is possible.
  • a manufacturing method may be provided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'eau épurée, économique et sûr, consistant à utiliser une membrane d'ultrafiltration, du type à fibres creuses, formée en une couche de filtration par enroulement régulier et chevauchant, à ouvrir uniformément des faisceaux de fibres creuses autour d'une âme placée au centre d'une cuve sous pression du type cylindrique et vertical, de façon que cette âme s'étende dans le sens axial de la cuve sous pression. Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'une opération de filtration consiste en une filtration totale et s'exécute en alimentant de l'eau brute, d'un espace périphérique extérieur formé entre la surface périphérique intérieure de la cuve sous pression et la surface périphérique extérieure de la couche de filtration, vers l'âme, et en drainant l'eau filtrée, à partir de l'intérieur creux des fibres creuses, et en ce que l'opération de nettoyage de la couche de filtration comprenant la surface membranaire de fibres creuses s'effectue à l'aide d'un nettoyage de base se composant d'un nettoyage à contre pression dans lequel l'eau filtrée s'écoule de l'intérieur creux des fibres vers l'extérieur de celles-ci, et d'un nettoyage par écoulement inverse d'eau brute (il est possible d'utiliser de l'eau filtrée; application décrite ci-après) fournie de l'âme vers l'espace périphérique extérieur.
PCT/JP2000/001318 1998-06-30 2000-03-06 Procede de production d'eau epuree WO2001066238A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10357258A JP2000079390A (ja) 1998-06-30 1998-12-16 浄水製造方法
AU2000228292A AU2000228292A1 (en) 2000-03-06 2000-03-06 Method of producing purified water
PCT/JP2000/001318 WO2001066238A1 (fr) 1998-06-30 2000-03-06 Procede de production d'eau epuree

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18360598 1998-06-30
JP10357258A JP2000079390A (ja) 1998-06-30 1998-12-16 浄水製造方法
PCT/JP2000/001318 WO2001066238A1 (fr) 1998-06-30 2000-03-06 Procede de production d'eau epuree

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001066238A1 true WO2001066238A1 (fr) 2001-09-13

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PCT/JP2000/001318 WO2001066238A1 (fr) 1998-06-30 2000-03-06 Procede de production d'eau epuree

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JP (1) JP2000079390A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001066238A1 (fr)

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JP7237656B2 (ja) * 2019-03-06 2023-03-13 旭化成株式会社 中空糸膜モジュール、及びこれを用いた海水のろ過方法

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