WO2001038932A1 - Unite d'affichage a cristaux liquides - Google Patents
Unite d'affichage a cristaux liquides Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001038932A1 WO2001038932A1 PCT/JP2000/008306 JP0008306W WO0138932A1 WO 2001038932 A1 WO2001038932 A1 WO 2001038932A1 JP 0008306 W JP0008306 W JP 0008306W WO 0138932 A1 WO0138932 A1 WO 0138932A1
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- liquid crystal
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- scattering layer
- axis direction
- anisotropic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0257—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties creating an anisotropic diffusion characteristic, i.e. distributing output differently in two perpendicular axes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a configuration of a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a reflection type liquid crystal display device of a single polarizing plate type which comprises a reflector inside a liquid crystal display element and one polarizing plate to realize a bright monochrome display and a color display. It is.
- a reflection type liquid crystal display device has a TN (high-density nematic) liquid crystal element or a STN (super-high-density nematic) liquid crystal between a pair of polarizing plates and a reflective layer disposed outside one of the polarizing plates.
- a reflection type liquid crystal display device provided with an element is mainly used.
- this method there is a problem that the brightness is low, and since the reflection layer is outside the glass substrate, a shadow is generated on the display.
- a reflection type liquid crystal display device of a single polarizing plate type capable of displaying with one polarizing plate has been proposed. Since there is only one polarizing plate, the brightness can be improved as compared with a conventional reflection type liquid crystal display device using two polarizing plates. .
- the problem of the shadow of the display can be solved by forming the reflection layer inside the liquid crystal display element. It is composed of one polarizing plate, one retardation plate, and a liquid crystal element having a reflective layer therein, and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-97121. Also, instead of the retardation plate, a compensation layer having a structure twisted in the direction opposite to the twisting direction of the liquid crystal layer is used.
- a single-polarizer-type liquid crystal display device has also been disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-125505.
- a single polarizing plate type liquid crystal display device including a single polarizing plate and having the above-described reflecting layer
- the reflecting layer is a mirror surface
- light is emitted in directions other than the regular reflection direction where the light is incident.
- the display is dark because it does not come up. Therefore, in order to obtain a bright display even in directions other than the regular reflection direction, a method of forming irregularities on the reflection electrode has been used, but there is a problem that the manufacturing method is difficult.
- a specular reflector is used, a plurality of scattering layers are provided outside the polarizing plate or between the liquid crystal element and the polarizing plate, and at least one of the scattering layers is provided.
- a liquid crystal display device using a device in which the angle dependence of scattering is asymmetric with respect to the direction of the layer normal has been developed, and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-119215.
- This liquid crystal display device uses a scattering layer in which the angle dependence of light scattering is asymmetric with respect to the layer normal direction, and reduces the scattering degree in the viewing direction and increases the scattering degree in the incident direction.
- a bright display can be obtained even when the character blur is relatively small.
- the backscattering of the incident light increased and the contrast decreased.
- the angle dependence of the scattering property with respect to the incident light was large, the brightness also changed rapidly, and the viewing angle dependence was not so good.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a single-polarizer-type liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining a display with a relatively simple configuration, bright and less blurred characters in a wide viewing angle range. It is to be. Disclosure of the invention
- the scattering angle of the light incident on the anisotropic scattering layer is characterized in that the scattering angle in the Y axis direction is wider than the scattering angle in the X axis direction. Sign.
- the angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer is symmetric with respect to the layer normal direction, and the orthogonal transmittance from the layer normal direction is smaller than the orthogonal transmittance from the oblique direction. It is characterized by being low.
- a scattering layer is provided in addition to the anisotropic scattering layer. Further, the nematic liquid crystal is characterized in that the twist angle is oriented at 180 ° to 260 °.
- the orthogonal transmittance depends on the incident angle in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction.
- the characteristic is symmetric with respect to the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer, and the orthogonal transmittance from the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer is lower than the orthogonal transmittance from the oblique direction, and in the oblique direction. Is characterized in that the orthogonal transmittance is different between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the anisotropic scattering layer has a direct transmittance when tilted obliquely in the X-axis direction. It is characterized in that the excess ratio is higher than the direct transmittance when tilted obliquely in the Y-axis direction.
- the dependence of the orthogonal transmittance on the incident angle in the Y axis direction is as follows. Symmetric to the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer, the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer in the layer normal direction is lower than the orthogonal transmittance in the oblique direction, and The incident angle dependence of the direct transmittance of the scattering layer in the X-axis direction is asymmetric with respect to the normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- the reflective layer is a transflective layer
- At least one optical compensator and lower polarizer are provided outside the substrate.
- a backlight is provided outside the lower polarizing plate. Further, a color filter having a plurality of colors is provided on one of the first substrate and the second substrate. I do.
- the optical compensation element is characterized in that a phase difference plate or a twisted phase difference plate, or both a phase difference plate and a twisted phase difference plate are used.
- a single polarizing plate type liquid crystal display device including an upper polarizing plate, an optical compensating element, a liquid crystal element having an anisotropic scattering layer and a reflecting layer, etc.
- an anisotropic scattering layer in which the scattering angle in the preferred viewing angle direction (Y-axis direction) is wider than the scattering angle in the direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the preferred viewing angle direction.
- the angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer is symmetric or asymmetric in the X-axis direction with respect to the layer normal direction, and the orthogonal transmittance from the layer normal direction is orthogonal to the oblique direction. Lower than the transmittance. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a bright, high-contrast display with good viewing angle performance using external light.
- the reflective layer as a semi-transmissive reflective layer and providing a backlight, it is possible to perform reflective display by external light and transmissive display by knock light illumination.
- color display can be performed by providing a color filter in the liquid crystal element.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the orthogonal reflectance of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of a pixel portion of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the arrangement of components of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the arrangement of components of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layer used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the scattering characteristics of a normal scattering layer.
- FIG. 13 shows the arrangement of components of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layer used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a view showing the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layer used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of a pixel portion.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing the arrangement of components of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing an arrangement relationship of components of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of a pixel portion.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating components of a display device.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal element 20 and an anisotropic scattering layer 10 provided above the liquid crystal element 20, that is, on the viewer side of the reflector.
- the optical compensator includes a phase difference plate 13 and an upper polarizing plate 11.
- the light incident on the anisotropic scattering layer is the X axis.
- An anisotropic scattering layer with a larger scattering angle in the Y-axis direction than the scattering angle in the direction is used. It is characterized by using an anisotropic scattering layer 10 in which the direct transmittance at the layer normal direction, that is, at an inclination angle of 0 °, is lower than the direct transmittance at an oblique direction.
- the liquid crystal element 20 has a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2, a first electrode 3 and a second electrode 4, a sealing material 5, a nematic liquid crystal 6, and a reflective layer 7.
- FIG. 2 and 3 are graphs showing the incident angle dependence of the anisotropic scattering layer used in the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the direct transmittance in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Y-axis when the direction of the preferential viewing angle of the anisotropic scattering layer is the Y-axis.
- Is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer in the Y-axis direction.
- the horizontal axis represents the inclination angle of the incident light with respect to the layer normal direction when the layer normal direction is defined as 0 °
- the vertical axis represents the direct transmittance.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- FIG. 4A shows a cross section of the anisotropic scattering layer in the X-axis direction.
- the light L i X incident on the anisotropic scattering layer 10 at an inclination angle ⁇ X with respect to the layer normal indicated by the dotted line emits slightly back-scattered light f X and g X at the time of incidence. Goes straight on.
- ⁇ X inclination angle
- the ratio of the amount of light in the cX direction of the straight-ahead light to the amount of light incident on Lix is the direct transmittance.
- the direct transmittance from the layer normal direction is the light quantity ratio of cx when the tilt angle 0x is 0 °
- the direct transmittance from the oblique direction is the light transmittance when the tilt angle is not 0 °.
- c X is the light amount ratio.
- FIG. 4B shows a cross section of the anisotropic scattering layer in the Y-axis direction.
- the light L iy incident on the anisotropic scattering layer 10 at an inclination angle of 0 y with respect to the layer normal indicated by the dotted line is incident, and slightly backward scattering light fy and gy It emits, but most incident rays go straight.
- it is forward scattered in the directions of ay, by, cy, dy, and ey.
- the ratio of the amount of light of the rectilinear light in the cy direction to the amount of incident light of Lix is the direct transmittance.
- the orthogonal transmittance from the layer normal direction is the light amount ratio of cy when the inclination angle 0 y is 0 °, and the orthogonal transmittance from the oblique direction is not 0 °. This is the light amount ratio of cy.
- curve 30 is the characteristic of the ordinary scattering layer
- curve 31 is the characteristic of the anisotropic scattering layer used in the present invention
- curve 32 drawn by the dotted line is the characteristic of the present invention.
- the characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layer used in another embodiment are shown below.
- Curve 33 is the characteristic of the anisotropic scattering layer described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-119215, and the incident angle dependence of the direct transmittance in the X-axis direction is the layer normal. Asymmetric with respect to the direction.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the Y-axis direction is symmetric with respect to the layer normal direction, but the transmittance in the layer normal direction is higher than that in the oblique direction. Different from the anisotropic scattering layer used in the present invention.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is almost the same.
- the layer of the scattering layer is symmetric with respect to the normal direction of the layer of the scattering layer.
- the orthogonal transmittance from the normal direction is higher than the orthogonal transmittance from the oblique direction. Also, even if the tilt angle changes, the values of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction and the orthogonal transmittance in the Y-axis direction are almost equal, and thus the scattering performance is almost constant.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is different from the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer. It is symmetrical, and the orthogonal transmittance of the scattering layer from the normal to the layer is lower than that from the oblique direction.
- the orthogonal transmittance in the oblique direction is different between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the maximum value of the direct transmittance in the oblique direction in the X-axis direction is 30%
- the maximum value of the direct transmittance in the Y-axis direction is 24%. It is getting bigger.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the Y-axis direction is different from the normal direction of the layer of the anisotropic scattering layer. And symmetric.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction is asymmetric with respect to the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer.
- the orthogonal transmittance of the scattering layer in the direction of the layer normal in the Y-axis direction is lower than that in the oblique direction.
- the maximum value of the orthogonal transmittance in the oblique direction in the X-axis direction is 27%
- the maximum value of the orthogonal transmittance in the Y-axis direction is 2%. It is larger than 0%.
- the scattering layer 10 to 20% of the total light transmittance measured using an integrating sphere is transmitted in a direction parallel to the incident direction, and the rest is scattered light.
- the ratio of the amount of light transmitted in the direction parallel to the incident direction is defined as the orthogonal transmittance.
- the scattering performance is called the haze value
- Haze value 100 x (scattered light transmittance) / (total light transmittance)
- the total light transmittance of the conventional scattering layer shown by curve 30 is about Since the scattered light transmittance is as high as 90% and the haze value is about 80%.
- the total light transmittance is about 90%
- the orthogonal transmittance in the layer normal direction is as low as about 12%
- the haze value is The scattering performance is high at about 87.
- the direct transmittance for incident light from a direction inclined by 50 ° from the layer normal direction is as high as about 20%
- the haze value is about 78
- the scattering performance is low.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are graphs showing the incident angle dependence of the anisotropic scattering layer used in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer in the X-axis direction.
- Fig. 6 is the incident angle of the orthogonal transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer in the Y-axis direction. This is a graph in which dependence characteristics are measured.
- the curve 30 is the incident angle dependence of the ordinary scattering layer shown in FIGS. 2 and 3
- curves 34 and 35 will be described.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is determined by the layer method of the anisotropic scattering layer. It is symmetrical with respect to the line direction, and the direct transmittance of the scattering layer in the normal direction to the layer is lower than that in the oblique direction.
- the value of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction and the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the Y-axis direction are the same.
- Curve 35 drawn by a dotted line is an anisotropic scattering layer having lower direct transmittance and higher scattering property than curve 34.
- FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal element 20, an anisotropic scattering layer 10 provided above the liquid crystal element 20, that is, on the viewer side of the reflection plate, a twisted phase plate 12, and a first phase difference plate 1. 3.
- It has a second retardation plate 14 and an upper polarizing plate 11.
- three retardation plates that is, a torsional phase plate 12, a first retardation plate 13, and a second retardation plate 14, are used as optical compensating elements.
- the second retardation plate 14, the first retardation plate 13, the twisted retardation plate 12, and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are integrated with an acrylic adhesive, and
- the element 20 and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are also adhered using an acrylic resin.
- the liquid crystal element 20 is composed of a reflective layer 7 of aluminum having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ , a protective film 8 of 2 m in thickness of an acryl-based material, and a first layer of ITO which is a transparent electrode material.
- the transmittance of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 made of ITO is important from the viewpoint of brightness.
- the influence of the crosstalk is small.
- ITO having a sheet resistance of 100 ohms and a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ was used.
- the average transmittance was about 92%.
- ITO having a sheet resistance of 10 ohms and a thickness of 0.3 // m was used to reduce crosstalk.
- the average transmittance is as low as about 89%, but at least as in this example.
- the brightness was improved by using a transparent electrode having a transmittance of 90% or more for one of the substrates.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of a configuration in which a pixel portion of the liquid crystal display device is enlarged.
- the intersection of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 is a pixel.
- 7 is a reflection layer.
- the reflective layer 7 an aluminum thin film is formed by a sputtering method, and a protective layer having a thickness of 0.03 / 111 is also formed by a sputtering method to protect the surface.
- the reflection layer 7 is formed in a rectangular shape around the pixel. Since the underlayer treatment is not particularly performed, the formed reflection layer 7 has a mirror surface.
- the upper polarizing plate 11 be as bright as possible and have a high degree of polarization.
- a material having a transmittance of 45% and a degree of polarization of 99.9% was used.
- the surface of the upper polarizing plate 11 is provided with a non-reflective layer having a reflectivity of about 0.5%.
- This non-reflective layer is formed by coating several layers of inorganic thin films having different refractive indices by a vacuum evaporation method and a sputtering method. Thereby, the surface reflection of the upper polarizing plate 11 was reduced, the transmittance was improved, and the upper polarizing plate 11 became brighter. The contrast has also been improved due to the lower black level.
- the twisted phase difference plate 12 is a liquid crystalline polymer with a twisted structure that is oriented on a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and then applied.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- This film is made into a liquid crystal state at a high temperature of about 50 ° C, and after adjusting the twist angle, it is rapidly cooled to room temperature to fix its twisted state.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 used in the present embodiment has the characteristics shown by the curve 31 in FIGS.
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the X-axis direction is symmetric with respect to the normal direction.
- the direct transmittance is as low as 16%
- the haze value indicating the degree of scattering is as high as about 82.
- the maximum value of the direct transmittance increases symmetrically to about 30% and the haze value decreases to about 67. .
- the incident angle dependence of the orthogonal transmittance in the Y-axis direction is symmetric with respect to the normal direction.
- the direct transmittance is as low as 16%, and the haze value indicating the degree of scattering is as high as about 82.
- the maximum value of the direct transmittance increases symmetrically to about 24%, and the haze value decreases to about 73.
- the incident angle dependence characteristics in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are both symmetric with respect to the layer normal direction, and are perpendicular to the normal direction.
- the transmittance is lower than the direct transmittance from the oblique direction.
- the orthogonal transmittance when tilted obliquely in the X-axis direction is higher than the orthogonal transmittance when tilted obliquely in the Y-axis direction. That is, the maximum value of the direct transmittance differs between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 9 and 10 are views of the liquid crystal display device as viewed from above, that is, from the viewer side. Based on the horizontal axis H, counterclockwise is defined as a positive rotation direction. In FIG. 7, an alignment film (not shown) is formed on the surfaces of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4. As shown in FIG. 9, the first substrate 1 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a 30 ° upward direction to the right with respect to the horizontal axis H, so that the lower liquid crystal molecule alignment direction 6a becomes + 30 °.
- the second substrate 2 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a 30 ° downward direction to the right, so that the upper liquid crystal molecular orientation direction 6b becomes 130 °.
- a twistable substance called chiral material is added to a nematic liquid crystal having a viscosity of 20 cp, and the twist pitch P is adjusted to ll / zm, so that a 240 ° twisted STN mode liquid crystal counterclockwise Element 20 was formed.
- the birefringence difference ⁇ of the nematic liquid crystal 6 used was 0.15, and the cell gap d between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 was 5.6 ⁇ m. Therefore, the value of the birefringence ⁇ d of the liquid crystal element 20, which is the product of the birefringence difference ⁇ n of the nematic liquid crystal 6 and the cell gap d, was 0.84 nm.
- the transmission axis 11 a of the upper polarizing plate 11 is arranged at + 45 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H.
- the lower molecular orientation 1 2a of the torsional phase plate 1 2 is located at + 60 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H
- the upper molecular orientation 1 2b is located at 160 °
- the slow axis 13a of the first retarder is arranged at 130 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H
- the slow axis 14a of the second retarder is + 30 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H. It was placed at 30 °.
- the X axis 10 X of the anisotropic scattering layer 10 is set to the preferred viewing angle direction. It was arranged parallel to the horizontal axis H orthogonal to the direction 15.
- the twist angle Tc and ⁇ d value Rc of the torsional phase plate 12 are made substantially equal to the twist angle Ts and the And value Rs of the liquid crystal element 20. Further, by arranging the twisted phase difference plate 12 in a direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules as shown in FIG. 10, the birefringence generated in the liquid crystal element 20 is reduced by the twisted phase difference. It is completely compensated by the plate 12 and no birefringence occurs.
- the first phase difference plate 13 whose phase difference value F 1 is 0.14 ⁇ equivalent to 1/4 wavelength, and the phase difference value F 2 force s 1 0 0.28 m equivalent to 2 wavelengths
- the second retardation plate 14 was overlapped so that the crossing angle was 60 °.
- the total retardation value of the two plates is 0.14 ⁇ , and at shorter wavelengths around 0.4 ⁇ , it is smaller than 0.14 xm, and the wavelength is 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the actual slow axis of the total of the two is the horizontal axis direction.
- the polarizer, the broadband 14-wave plate, and the reflector are arranged.
- the linearly polarized light incident from the polarizer becomes circularly polarized by the 1Z 4-wave plate, reflected by the reflector, and reflected again by 1 ⁇ After passing through the four-wavelength plate, it returns to linearly polarized light with the polarization direction rotated by 90 °, is absorbed by the polarizer, and becomes a completely black display.
- linearly polarized light entering from the upper polarizing plate 11 passes through the second retardation plate 14 and the first retardation plate 13 so that all wavelengths in the visible light region are circularly polarized.
- the polarization state does not change.
- Anisotropic scattering layer 1 Since 0 has almost no phase difference value and uses a material that does not change the polarization state, it reaches the reflective layer 7 as circularly polarized light.
- the direction of rotation of the circularly polarized light reflected by the reflection layer 7 is reversed, and does not change even when the light passes through the liquid crystal element 20 and the twisted phase difference plate 12. However, by passing through the first retardation plate 13 and the second retardation plate 14, the polarization direction returns to linearly polarized light rotated by 90 °, and is absorbed by the upper polarizing plate 11. A black display is obtained.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 since the anisotropic scattering layer 10 has almost no retardation value and is made of a material that is hard to change the polarization state, it is used between the second substrate 2 and the upper polarizing plate 11 or the upper polarizing plate. It can be placed anywhere on the surface of 11. However, in order to reduce display blur, it is preferable to be as close as possible to the second substrate 2. Also, the thickness of the second substrate 2 is preferably as thin as possible because display blur is reduced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the thickness is set to 0.5 mm. It is also possible to make the second substrate thinner to 0.4 mm, make the first substrate 0.5 mm, and make the second substrate thinner than the first substrate.
- the nematic liquid crystal 6 rises, and the substantial ⁇ n d value of the liquid crystal element 20 decreases. Therefore, the linearly polarized light incident from the upper polarizer 11 becomes circularly polarized light by passing through the second retardation plate 14 and the first retardation plate 13, but becomes linearly polarized light. By passing through the liquid crystal element 20, the light returns to elliptical or linear polarization.
- FIG. 11 shows the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layer 10 used in Example 1 of the present invention.
- the hatched portion with an inclination angle of 0 ° indicates the transmitted light state of the light incident on the anisotropic scattering layer 10 from the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer, and the upper, lower, left and right hatched portions indicate the incident light.
- the transmitted light state when tilted by 40 ° from the layer normal direction is shown.
- the size indicates the scattering area, and the shaded area indicates the light intensity. That is, the distribution states of the forward scattered light ax, bx, cx, dx, ex in FIG. 4A and the forward scattered light ay, by, cy, dy, ey in FIG. 4B are shown.
- the hatched portion at the clock 12 o'clock position indicates the distribution of the light amounts of ax to ex and ay to ey when the 0x force is 0 ° in FIG. 4A and the 0y force is 40 ° in FIG. 4B.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 of the present embodiment has a characteristic of scattering incident light from the layer normal direction into a rugby ball type as shown by a hatched portion shown in the center of FIG. In other words, it exhibits the characteristic that incident light is scattered in the Y-axis direction, which is the preferential viewing angle direction, and hardly scattered in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the scattering angle in the Y-axis direction is wider than the scattering angle in the X-axis direction. The same applies to the transmission state of incident light from the upper, lower, left and right diagonal directions. This is because, as shown in FIGS.
- the orthogonal transmittance when the characteristic (curve 31) of the anisotropic scattering layer used in this example is inclined obliquely in the X-axis direction is as follows. This is because the transmissivity is higher than the direct transmittance when tilted at an angle. Therefore, the reflectance in the layer normal direction is more than twice as high as that of the conventional scattering layer, and a bright display is obtained.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 in which a portion where the light incident on the anisotropic scattering layer has a wider scattering angle in the Y-axis direction than the scattering angle in the X-axis direction is provided, Since incident light from the surroundings can be collected and scattered and reflected in the direction of the layer normal, which is the viewing direction, or at 6 o'clock on the clock, a bright, high-contrast display can be obtained.
- Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the scattering characteristics of a commonly used ordinary scattering layer.
- the normal transmittance of the ordinary scattering layer is shown by the curve 30 in FIGS.
- the normal scattering layer has an incident light from the layer normal direction, that is, when both the inclination angles ⁇ X and 0y are both 0 °, the oblique direction, for example, the inclination angle Even when either ⁇ X or 0 y is 40 °, it has the property of scattering almost circularly.
- the scattering angle in the X-axis direction and the scattering angle in the Y-axis direction are almost equal at any inclination angle. Further, when the inclination angle is large, the light is scattered more. Therefore, the area of the oblique line is larger at the inclination angle of 40 ° than at the inclination angle of 0 °. This indicates that, as shown by the curve 30 in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ordinary scattering layer has a high scattering property when tilted obliquely, and a low direct transmittance.
- a 240 ° twisted STN mode liquid crystal element was used as the liquid crystal element 20.
- a TN liquid crystal element having a twist angle of about 90 ° can provide a similar reflective liquid crystal display device.
- an active matrix reflection type liquid crystal display device including a TFT or MIM active element.
- the refractive index nz in the Z-axis direction is the refractive index n X in the stretching direction and the right angle.
- a so-called Z-type retardation plate that is multiaxially stretched and nx>nz> ny, or a retardation that is stretched from materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polypropylene (PP) The same effect can be obtained with a board.
- the slow axis 13a of the first retardation plate is arranged at 130 ° and the slow axis 14a of the second retardation plate is arranged at + 30 °.
- the intersection angle is 6 °. If it is 0 °, a similar effect can be obtained.
- three optical compensating elements that is, a torsional retarder 12, a first retarder 13, and a second retarder 14, were used.
- three or more retardation plates can be used.
- only one twisted phase difference plate or one phase difference plate can be used.
- both a torsional retarder and a retarder can be used.
- the liquid crystal display device was constructed using the upper polarizing plate 11 disposed at the same temperature, the same bright and high-contrast reflective display was obtained. (Example 2)
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal element 20, an anisotropic scattering layer 10 provided on the viewer side from the reflection plate, and a retardation plate 13 as an optical compensation element. And the upper polarizing plate 11.
- Upper polarizer 11 and retarder 13 and anisotropic scattering The random layer 10 is integrated with an acryl-based adhesive, and the liquid crystal element 20 and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are also adhered using an acrylic resin.
- the configuration of the pixel portion of the liquid crystal display device is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal element 20 is the same as that used in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the refractive index of the retardation plate 13 is a so-called Z type, where nx> nz> ny> ny when the slow axis direction is defined as nx, the orthogonal direction as ny, and the thickness direction as nz. Was used.
- Z-type retardation plate for the retardation plate 13 the viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 has the characteristics shown by the curve 32 in FIGS.
- the incident angle dependency in the X-axis direction is asymmetric with respect to the layer normal direction.
- the direct transmittance decreases and the scattering ratio increases, and at a negative angle, the direct transmittance increases to 27% and decreases to a haze value 70 representing the degree of scattering.
- the incident angle dependence in the Y-axis direction is symmetric with respect to the layer normal direction.
- the direct transmittance is as low as 12%, and the haze value indicating the degree of scattering is as high as about 87.
- the incident angle increases for both positive and negative angles, the direct transmittance increases to about 20%, and the haze value becomes about 78.
- a special photopolymer is used as the anisotropic scattering layer 10.
- MF-I film manufactured by Micro Sharp Co., Ltd. was used.
- the thickness of the anisotropic scattering layer 10 is about 50 ⁇ m, the scattering characteristics in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are different, the scattering angle in the X-axis direction is 16 °, and the Y-axis direction A film having a scattering angle of 32 ° was used.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an arrangement relationship of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment.
- the birefringence difference ⁇ of the nematic liquid crystal 6 used was 0.131, and the cell gap d between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 was 5.8 ⁇ m. Therefore, the value of the birefringence ⁇ d of the liquid crystal element 20, which is the product of the birefringence difference ⁇ n of the nematic liquid crystal 6 and the cell gap d, was 0.76 ⁇ m.
- the preferential viewing angle direction 15 becomes the 6 o'clock direction.
- the absorption axis 11 a of the upper polarizing plate 11 is arranged at + 30 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H.
- the retardation axis 13a of the retarder 13 is located at + 65 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H, and the absorption axis 11a of the upper polarizer 11 and the retardation of the retarder 13 are set.
- the intersection angle with axis 13a is 35 °.
- the X axis 10x of the anisotropic scattering layer is set to a position orthogonal to the preferential viewing angle direction 15 and arranged in parallel with the horizontal axis H.
- the X-axis 10X arrow of the anisotropic scattering layer indicates the positive direction in Fig. 2 where the orthogonal transmittance decreases as the incident angle increases.
- the circularly polarized light reflected by the reflective layer 7 passes through the nematic liquid crystal 6 and the phase difference plate 13 again to return to linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is rotated by 90 °, and is absorbed by the upper polarizing plate 11. Good black display is obtained.
- the phase difference value is subtracted from the phase difference plate 13, and the phase difference value becomes 0.
- the incident linearly polarized light returns as it is without rotating, so that a white display can be obtained.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 is provided between the liquid crystal element 20 and the retardation plate 13, the incident light is scattered by the anisotropic scattering layer 10 and is emitted. Changed, and it reached the viewing direction, resulting in a bright display.
- FIG. 14 shows the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layer 10 used in this example.
- a hatched portion indicated as an inclination angle of 0 ° indicates a scattering state of light incident on and transmitted through the anisotropic scattering layer from the layer normal direction of the anisotropic scattering layer 10.
- the oblique lines on the left and right represent the scattering state of the transmitted light when the tilt angle 0 X is + 40 ° and ⁇ 40 ° and the tilt angle 0 is 0 ° with respect to the layer normal, and the tilt angle is 0 °.
- the upper and lower hatched portions indicate the transmitted light when the tilt angle 0 y is + 40 ° and 140 ° with respect to the layer normal, and the tilt angle 0X is 0 ° and the transmitted light is tilted in the Y-axis direction.
- the scattering state at the center of FIG. 14 and at ⁇ 40 ° when tilted in the X-axis direction and ⁇ 40 ° when tilted in the Y-axis direction As shown in the figure, it has the property of scattering light incident from the layer normal direction in a crescent shape.
- the incident light is largely scattered in the Y-axis direction but is not scattered in the X-axis direction.
- the scattering angle in the Y-axis direction is wider than the scattering angle in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the reflectance in the normal direction of the layer is 30% to 40%, which is twice or more the reflectance of the conventional scattering layer, and a bright display can be obtained.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 used in the present example has an incident angle dependence characteristic in the X-axis direction that is asymmetric with respect to the layer normal, as shown by a curve 32 in FIG.
- the degree of scattering of light incident at an angle of + 40 ° in the X-axis direction is high. Therefore, the scattering state of the light incident from this angle becomes a circle as shown on the right side of FIG. In this case, the scattering state is circular, so that the light is widely scattered in all directions and the brightness is somewhat impaired, but a bright display can be obtained as a whole.
- a bright display can be obtained by rotating the anisotropic scattering degree by 180 ° and arranging a portion having a high degree of scattering on the opposite side.
- the value of the maximum orthogonal transmittance when tilted obliquely in the X-axis direction is about 27%
- the value of the maximum orthogonal transmittance when tilted obliquely in the Y-axis direction is It is about 20%, and the value when tilted obliquely in the X-axis direction is larger.
- the liquid crystal element 20 is a 240 ° twisted STN mode liquid crystal element.
- a TN liquid crystal element having a twist angle of about 90 ° may be used as a reflection type liquid crystal element.
- a display device is obtained.
- an active matrix reflection type liquid crystal display device including an active element such as a TFT or MIM.
- the reflective layer 7 is formed separately from the first electrode 3.
- the structure is simplified by forming the first electrode with a thin metal film such as aluminum or silver. You can do that too.
- the reflection layer 7 is formed on an aluminum thin film as a reflection layer.
- an O 2 thin film was provided, it is more preferable to provide a multilayer film in which two to four inorganic thin films having different refractive indices are provided on the aluminum thin film because the reflectance is improved.
- a thin film of an aluminum alloy or a silver alloy can be used instead of aluminum.
- a similar liquid crystal display device can be provided by using a plurality of retardation plates.
- a twisted phase plate and a phase plate can be used.
- two optical compensating elements a phase difference plate having a phase difference value of 0.2 / zm and a phase difference plate having a phase difference value of 0.4 / Zm, are used.
- the transmission axis 11a of this was arranged at 150 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H, a bright, high-contrast reflection display was obtained.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment uses an anisotropic scattering layer having an incident angle dependent characteristic shown by a curve 34 in FIGS. 5 and 6 as the anisotropic scattering layer 10 in FIG. I have.
- the anisotropic scattering layer used in this example has the same incident angle dependence in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction as shown by the curves 34 in FIGS. It is symmetric in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction with respect to the line direction.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 used in this example having the characteristics shown by the curve 34 has a total light transmittance of about 90% and a direct transmittance in the layer normal direction of about 10%.
- the haze value is about 90 and the scattering performance is high.
- the maximum value of the direct transmittance for incident light from a direction inclined by 50 ° from the normal direction is as high as 45% in both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the haze value is 50, which is scattered. Performance will be lower.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 the direct transmittance is low in the layer normal direction, and the haze value representing the degree of scattering is as high as about 90, but when the inclination angle from the layer normal direction increases, the direct transmittance increases.
- a DPI film (trade name, manufactured by Micro Sharp, Inc.) whose haze value increased to about 50 was used.
- the thickness of the anisotropic scattering layer 10 is about 50 / m, and since the scattering characteristics in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are symmetric, the arrangement direction is not specified.
- a material having a high scattering performance and having a characteristic shown by a curve 35 drawn by a dotted line in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used as the anisotropic scattering layer 10.
- the maximum values of the direct transmittances in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are both approximately 20%, which are almost equal, and both in the X-axis direction and in the Y-axis direction with respect to the layer normal direction. It is symmetric.
- the total light transmittance is about 85%, the haze value in the layer normal direction is about 95, and the scattering performance is high.
- the haze value for incident light from a direction inclined by 50 ° from the normal direction is 75, and the scattering performance is Lower.
- a DPI film manufactured by Micro Sharp was used for this anisotropic scattering layer.
- the thickness of this anisotropic scattering layer is about 50 ⁇ m, and the scattering characteristics in the horizontal and vertical directions are symmetrical, so that there is no definition in the orientation direction.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the scattering characteristics of the anisotropic scattering layers of curves 34 and 35 in FIGS. 5 and 6 used in this example.
- the anisotropic scattering layer has a circular scattering shape when the incident light is in the direction of the layer normal, that is, when both the inclination angles 0x and 0y are 0 °, as shown by the shaded area in Fig. 15.
- the angle of inclination ⁇ X or 0 y is 40 ° from an oblique direction, it has a characteristic of scattering into a rugby ball type.
- the scattering angle in the Y-axis direction is wider than the scattering angle in the X-axis direction. I'm sorry. Since the anisotropic scattering layer of the curve 35 has a higher scattering property than the anisotropic scattering layer of the curve 34, there is a difference in the graph showing the actual scattering characteristics. However, when the scattering characteristics are illustrated using the anisotropic scattering layer of the curve 35, the shape of the hatched portion is larger than that of the curve 34.
- the configuration of the pixel section is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the arrangement relationship of each component is the same as that shown in FIGS.
- the anisotropic scattering layer used in this example and its modified examples The angle-dependent characteristics of the orthogonal transmittance are all referred to with respect to the normal direction, and the orthogonal transmittance from the layer normal direction is lower than the orthogonal transmittance from the oblique direction.
- the anisotropic scattering layer it is more effective to use the anisotropic scattering layer 10 shown in 35 of FIGS. 5 and 6 having high scattering performance.
- a bright display can be obtained even in the TN mode with a twist angle of around 90 °, but the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics is especially obtained in the STN mode with a twist angle of 180 ° to 260 °. Is big.
- incident light having an incident angle of 20 ° to 50 ° can be visually recognized in a general environment. It is possible to strongly reflect in the direction, and the viewing angle characteristics are good and a high contrast is obtained.
- one phase plate was used as an optical compensation element. In that case, a similar liquid crystal display device can be obtained even if a twisted phase difference plate is used. Further, a plurality of retardation plates, for example, both a torsion retardation plate and a retardation plate can be used.
- FIG. 16 A liquid crystal display device that solves this problem is shown in Figure 16.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 16 is obtained by providing the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 with a conventional scattering layer 9.
- the scattering layer 9 is, for example, a mixture of a transparent adhesive resin and fine particles.
- the direct transmittance does not change much, and the scattering performance is almost constant.
- the influence of the tilt angle is not so large, and when the tilt angle is large, the optical path length is long, so that the transmittance is slightly reduced and the scattering degree is large. Therefore, by using this scattering layer, display can be performed without being affected by the incident angle.
- a normal scattering layer is provided in addition to the anisotropic scattering layer as in the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
- incident light having an incident angle of up to 20 ° is scattered by the anisotropic scattering layer 10, and light having an incident angle of 20 ° to 50 ° is transmitted by the anisotropic scattering layer 1. It is scattered by both 0 and the scattering layer 9 and has an incident angle of 50. The above incident light is scattered by the scattering layer 9. Therefore, all The incident light at the incident angle can be scattered, and a high-contrast single-polarizer-type liquid crystal display device having good viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.
- the materials shown by 31, 32 in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, and 34 and 35 in FIG. 6 are used as the anisotropic scattering layer. Is also good. Further, although a 240 ° twisted STN mode liquid crystal element is used as the liquid crystal element, the same effect can be obtained with a TN liquid crystal having a twist angle of about 90 °. For a large-screen display using a TN liquid crystal display device, it is preferable to use an active matrix reflective liquid crystal display device including a TFT or MIM active element.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the components of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing an enlarged pixel portion
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a scattering layer 9, an anisotropic scattering layer 10, a torsional retarder 12, and a first retarder 13 on the upper side of a liquid crystal element 21.
- a second retardation plate 14 and an upper polarizing plate 11 are provided.
- a third retardation plate 18, a fourth retardation plate 19, a lower polarizer 17, and a knock light 16 are provided below the liquid crystal element 21.
- the first optical compensating element three pieces of a torsion retardation plate 12, a first retardation plate 13, and a second retardation plate 14 are used, and the second optical compensating element is used.
- the third retardation plate 18 and the fourth retardation plate 19 are used as compensating elements.
- the retardation plate 12 and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are integrated with an acrylic adhesive.
- the liquid crystal element 21 is attached using the adhesive scattering layer used for the scattering layer 9.
- the lower polarizer 17, the fourth retarder 19, and the third retarder 18 are integrated with an acryl adhesive, and the liquid crystal element 21 is integrated with the acryl adhesive. It is pasted.
- the liquid crystal element 21 is composed of a transflective layer 23 made of aluminum having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ , a protective film 8 made of an acryl-based material and a thickness of 2 itm, and a thickness made of ITO which is a transparent electrode material.
- a portion where the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 intersect was a pixel, and a rectangular transflective layer 23 was provided around the pixel.
- an opening 24 is provided for each pixel by a photolithographic process.
- the semi-transmissive reflection layer 23 is a complete reflection layer except for the opening, and the transmittance and the reflectance can be adjusted by the area of the opening. In this embodiment, since the area of the opening is set to 30% of the pixel area, about 30% of light is transmitted, and the remaining 70% of light is reflected.
- the upper polarizing plate 11, the scattering layer 9, and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are the same as the materials used in Example 4 shown in FIG.
- the twisted phase difference plate 12 is formed by applying a liquid crystalline polymer having a twisted structure to a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film after orientation treatment.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Five It is a film in which the twisted state is fixed by quenching to room temperature after adjusting the twist angle by changing the liquid crystal state to a high temperature of about 0 ° C.
- the twisted state is fixed on a separately prepared film that has been subjected to an orientation treatment, and then a liquid crystal polymer is transferred to a TAC film.
- An alignment film (not shown) is formed on the surfaces of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4, and as shown in FIG. 19, the first substrate 1 rises to the right with respect to the horizontal axis ⁇ .
- the lower liquid crystal molecule alignment direction 6a becomes + 30 °.
- the second substrate 2 is subjected to a rubbing process in the direction of 30 ° downward to the right, so that the upper liquid crystal molecule orientation direction 6b becomes 130 °.
- a liquid crystal element 21 in STN mode is formed.
- the transmission axis 11 a of the upper polarizing plate is arranged at + 45 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H.
- the lower molecular orientation direction 12 a of the torsional retardation plate 12 is arranged at + 60 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H, and the upper molecular orientation direction 12 b is Place at 0 °.
- the twist angle T c 24 °
- the difference in the absolute value of the twist angle ⁇ T two T s — T c 0 °
- the slow axis 13a of the first retarder is disposed at 130 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H
- the slow axis 14a of the second retarder is + 30 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H. It is located at 30.
- the slow axis 18 a of the third retardation plate disposed below the liquid crystal element 21 is located at + 60 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H
- the slow axis 1 of the fourth retardation plate 1 9a is placed at 160 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H
- the transmission axis 17 of the lower polarizer is placed at 144 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H
- the transmission axis of the upper polarizer 1 1 orthogonal to a is
- the backlight 16 can be a light guide plate with a fluorescent lamp or an LED attached thereto, or an electroluminescent (EL) plate, etc., but in this embodiment, the thickness is about 1 mm.
- An EL plate with a white emission color was used.
- the operation of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the reflection display will be described.
- one retardation plate was used as the optical compensating element.
- the torsional retarder 12, the first retarder 13, and the second retarder 1 are used. Using 3 of 4 ing.
- the twist angle Tc and the And value Rc of the torsional retardation plate 12 are set substantially equal to the twist angle Ts and the And value Rs of the liquid crystal element 21. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 20, the birefringence generated in the liquid crystal element 21 is changed every time the twisted retarder 12 is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules, as shown in Fig. 20. Completely compensated by 1 2 and no birefringence occurs.
- the tilt angle of the nematic liquid crystal 6 of the liquid crystal element 2 1 is larger than the tilt angle of the torsional retarder 12, so the ⁇ nd value R c of the torsional retarder is changed to the liquid crystal element 2. It is preferable to make the value slightly smaller than the nd value R s of 1 because it is completely compensated. Further, it is more preferable that the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal 6 be adjusted to the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the liquid crystal polymer molecules of the torsional retarder 12.
- twist angle Tc of the torsional retardation plate 12 is different from the twist 3 ⁇ 4Ts of the liquid crystal element 21, it can be compensated to some extent.
- the twist angle Tc of the torsional retardation plate 12 could be compensated for within the range of the twist angle Ts ⁇ 20 ° of the liquid crystal element 21.
- the compensation was most successful.
- the birefringence of the liquid crystal element could be compensated if the arrangement angle of the torsional retardation plate 12 was within a range of 90 ° ⁇ 20 ° with respect to the liquid crystal molecules.
- Phase difference value F 1 force S 1 Z First phase difference plate 13 with 0.14 ⁇ equivalent to 4 wavelengths
- phase difference value F 2 force S 1/2 0.2 / zm equivalent to 1/2 wavelength
- the total retardation value of the two at a wavelength of 0.55 / zm is 0.14 ⁇ m. ⁇ , but is shorter than 0.14 ⁇ m at short wavelengths around 0.4 ⁇ m, and longer than 0.14 ⁇ at long wavelengths around 0.7 ⁇ . It becomes bad.
- the actual slow axis of the total of the two images is in the horizontal axis direction.
- the F / ⁇ value obtained by dividing the phase difference value F by the wavelength can be reduced to almost 1/4 over the entire visible light region.
- the linearly polarized light incident from the polarizing plate becomes circularly polarized by the 1/4 wavelength plate, reflected by the reflecting plate, / Transmits through the 4-wavelength plate, returns to linearly polarized light with the polarization direction rotated by 90 °, is absorbed by the polarizing plate, and becomes a complete black display.
- linearly polarized light entering from the upper polarizing plate 11 passes through the second retardation plate 14 and the first retardation plate 13 so that all wavelengths in the visible light region are It becomes circularly polarized light. Since the twisted phase difference plate 12 and the liquid crystal element 21 are completely compensated, the polarization state does not change. Since the anisotropic scattering layer 10 and the scattering layer 9 are made of a material that has almost no retardation value and does not change the polarization state, the light reaches the transflective layer 23 with the circularly polarized light.
- the circularly polarized light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflective layer 23 does not change when it passes through the liquid crystal element 21 and the torsional retarder 12, but the first retarder 13 and the second retarder 14 , The light returns to linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is rotated by 90 °, is absorbed by the upper polarizing plate 11, and a complete black display is obtained.
- the second substrate 2 to the upper polarizing plate 11 It may be placed anywhere in the middle or on the surface of the upper polarizing plate 11, but is preferably as close to the second substrate 2 as possible to reduce display blur. Further, it is preferable that the thickness of the second substrate 2 is as thin as possible, since the display blur is reduced, and in the present embodiment, the thickness is set to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the second substrate is reduced to 0.4 mm, and the thickness of the first substrate is reduced. Is 0.5 mm, and the second substrate can be made thinner than the first substrate.
- the linearly polarized light incident from the upper polarizer 11 returns as it is without rotation.
- the liquid crystal display of the fourth embodiment can be obtained. Better contrast can be obtained than the device.
- the provision of the anisotropic scattering layer 10 and the scattering layer 10 makes it possible to strongly diffusely reflect the incident light at all angles of incidence in the viewing direction 45, resulting in a bright, high-contrast A reflection display of the last is obtained.
- the third retardation plate 18 and the fourth retardation plate 19 also constitute a broadband 14-wavelength plate with two plates, and the substantial slow axis is 90 ° with respect to the horizontal axis H.
- the vertical direction is the position.
- the light emitted from the knock light 16 becomes linearly polarized light by the lower polarizer 17.
- This linearly polarized light is incident at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the substantial slow axis where the two of the third retardation plate 18 and the fourth retardation plate 19 are combined, so that it becomes circularly polarized light.
- the transflective layer 23 reflects about 70% of the light, but transmits the remaining 30% of the light.
- the torsional retarder 12 and the liquid crystal element 21 are completely compensated, so that the polarization state does not change and the first place remains circularly polarized.
- the wave reaches the retarder 13 and the second retarder 14.
- phase difference generated by the third and fourth phase difference plates 18 and 19 and the first and second phase difference plates 13 and 13 are different from each other.
- the phase difference generated by the phase difference plate 14 is subtracted to be 0, and becomes linearly polarized light in the same direction as the incident direction from the lower polarizing plate 17. Since the transmission axis 11a of the upper polarizing plate and the transmission axis 17a of the lower polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other, the incident light is not transmitted and black display is performed.
- the linearly polarized light incident from the lower polarizer 17 becomes circularly polarized light when passing through the third retardation plate 18 and the fourth retardation plate 19, but is converted into a circularly polarized light.
- the light returns to elliptically polarized light or linearly polarized light by passing through the liquid crystal element 21.
- the linearly polarized light incident from the lower polarizer 17 is further converted to the first retarder 13 By rotating through 90 ° by transmitting the light through the second retardation plate 14 and the second retardation plate 14, it is possible to obtain an excellent white display by transmitting the light through the upper polarizing plate 11.
- the upper polarizer 11, the second retarder 14, the first retarder 13, the torsional retarder 12, the anisotropic scattering layer 10, the scattering layer 9, and the semi-transmission With the liquid crystal element 21 having the reflective layer 23 therein, in the reflective display using external light, a good viewing angle characteristic and a high contrast display can be obtained, and the third liquid crystal element 21 is provided below the liquid crystal element 21.
- the phase difference plate 18, the fourth phase difference plate 19, the lower polarizing plate 17, and the backlight 16 the backlight 16 can be turned on in an environment with little external light.
- Good contrast provide a transflective liquid crystal display device of a single polarizing plate type capable of obtaining the above display.
- the opening 24 can be made smaller in a liquid crystal display device that emphasizes transmissive display. It is possible to cope with a liquid crystal display device emphasizing reflective display.
- the PC is uniaxially stretched, and the refractive index in the Z-axis direction nz force
- PVA BURU alcohol
- PP polypropylene
- the slow axis 13a of the first retardation plate is located at 130 ° and the slow axis 14a of the second retardation plate is located at + 30 °, but the first retardation Even if the slow axis 13a of the plate is placed at + 30 ° and the slow axis 14a of the second retardation plate is placed at --30 °, the same applies if the crossing angle is 60 °.
- the slow axis 18a of the third retardation plate is arranged at + 60 ° and the slow axis 19a of the fourth retardation plate is arranged at 60 °.
- the intersection angle is 60 °.
- a similar effect can be obtained.
- a third retardation plate 18 and a fourth retardation plate 19 2 Although there are two retarders, the contrast of the transmissive display is slightly reduced even if only the third retarder 18 having a retardation value of 14 wavelengths is used. , The same effect can be obtained. Also, It is also possible to use an optical compensation element such as a twisted phase difference plate.
- the optical compensating element three torsional retarder plates 12, the first retarder plate 13, and the second retarder plate 14 were used, but one torsional retarder plate 12 was used. It is also possible to use only the torsional retarder 12 and only one retarder.
- the same liquid crystal element 21 as in the present embodiment was used, and a scattering layer 9, an anisotropic scattering layer 10, and a Twist angle of 220 ° and And were provided outside the liquid crystal element 21.
- the liquid crystal display device was constructed using the upper polarizing plate 11 arranged at 70 ° with respect to H, similarly, a bright, high-contrast reflective display was obtained.
- the liquid crystal device having the backlight of this embodiment can be applied to the liquid crystal display devices of Embodiments 1 to 5.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 21 is the same as the liquid crystal display device of Example 5 shown in FIG. 17 except that the scattering layer 9 is omitted, and other configurations are the same.
- a liquid crystal display device having a good viewing angle and a high contrast can be obtained by using only the anisotropic scattering layer 10 except for the scattering layer.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 is represented by the curves 34 in FIGS. 5 and 6. Use materials with the indicated properties.
- an anisotropic scattering layer having characteristics shown in curves 35 of FIGS. 5 and 6 and having high scattering performance may be used.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view for explaining components of the liquid crystal display device of Example 7, and FIG. 23 is an enlarged plan view of a pixel portion.
- the arrangement of the components is the same as that shown in Figs. 19 and 20.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal element 22, a scattering layer 9 provided above the liquid crystal element 22, an anisotropic scattering layer 10, a twisted retardation plate 12, 1st retarder 13, 2nd retarder 14, upper polarizer 11, third retarder 18 provided below liquid crystal element 22, 4th retarder 1 9 , Lower polarizing plate 17, and backlight 16.
- three optical compensating elements namely, a twisted phase difference plate 12, a first phase difference plate 13, and a second phase difference plate 14, are used. Further, a third retardation plate 18 and a fourth retardation plate 19 are used as the second optical compensator.
- anisotropic scattering layer 10 a material having the characteristics shown in the curve 34 or the curve 35 in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 is used. Further, as the anisotropic scattering layer, a material having the characteristics shown in the curve 31 or the curve 32 in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 can be used.
- the upper polarizer 11, the second retarder 14, the first retarder 13, the twisted retarder 12, and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are integrated with an acrylic adhesive.
- the liquid crystal element 21 is attached using the adhesive scattering layer used as the scattering layer 9.
- the lower polarizer 17 The retardation plate 19 and the third retardation plate 18 are integrated with an acryl-based adhesive, and the liquid crystal element 22 is also adhered with the acryl-based adhesive.
- the liquid crystal element 22 is a color filter having a thickness of 1 ⁇ composed of three colors of aluminum, a semi-transparent reflective layer 25 of 0.02 / xm, a red filter R, a green filter G, and a blue filter B.
- Letter 26 a protective film 8 of 2 ⁇ m thick made of an acrylic material and a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ thick first electrode 3 made of ITO which is a transparent electrode material
- a first substrate 1 composed of a glass plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a glass plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm on which a second electrode 4 made of ITO having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ is formed.
- the semi-transmissive reflection layer 25 is a so-called half mirror, in which a part of light is transmitted and the remaining light is reflected by making the thickness of aluminum very thin.
- the thickness of the aluminum film 0.02 ⁇ , about 20% of the light is transmitted and the remaining 80% of the light is reflected, as shown in FIG.
- a rectangular shape was formed around the pixel.
- the upper polarizer 11, the torsional retarder 12, the first retarder 13, the second retarder 14, the scattering layer 9, and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 were used in Example 5.
- the lower polarizer 17, the third retarder 18, and the fourth retarder 19 are the same as those used in Example 5.
- the color filters 26 include a red filter R, a green filter G, and a blue filter. As shown in FIG. 18, in the present embodiment, the filter B has a vertical stripe shape which is parallel to the second electrode 4. The width of each color filter is formed wider than the width of the second electrode 4 so that no gap is formed. If there is a gap between the color filters 26, the incident light increases and the brightness becomes bright, but white light is mixed with the display color and the color purity is undesirably reduced.
- the color filter 26 preferably has a maximum transmittance in a spectral spectrum as high as possible.
- the maximum transmittance of each color is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. Is most preferred. Also, there must force s as high as 2 0% to 50% even minimum transmittance in the branching Hikarisupeku torr.
- a pigment dispersion type, a dyeing type, a printing type, a transfer type, an electrodeposition type, and the like can be used, but a pigment dispersion in which a pigment is dispersed in an acrylic or PVA type photosensitive resin.
- the mold is the most preferred because it has a high heat-resistant temperature and good color purity.
- a semi-transmissive reflective layer 25 of an aluminum thin film is formed on the first substrate 1, and a thickness of 0.1 mm is formed on the surface of the semi-transmissive reflective layer 25.
- 3111 of 3111 is formed, and a color resist containing 10 to 15% of a pigment mixed with a photosensitive resin is applied to the first substrate 1 using a spinner, and the exposure process and the development process are performed.
- a color filter 26 having a high transmittance was formed even with a thickness of about 1 ⁇ .
- the arrangement relationship of each component is the same as that shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
- the reflection display is the same as that of the fifth embodiment, and the twisted retarder 12, the first retarder 13, and the second retarder are used.
- the scattering layer 9 and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 the viewing angle characteristics are good and a bright display is obtained.
- the reflectance is high and the contrast ratio is as high as 10 or more, so that the knock light 16 is turned off. Even in the reflection display, a bright color display with high saturation was obtained.
- the transmissive display with the backlight 16 turned on will be described. Since the transflective layer 9 and the color filter 10 have no birefringence, the transmissive display is the same as in the fifth embodiment. Therefore, the light emitted from the backlight 16 becomes linearly polarized light by the lower polarizer 17 and becomes circularly polarized light by transmitting through the third retardation plate 19 and the second retardation plate 18. Become. About 80% is reflected by the transflective layer 9, but the remaining 20% is transmitted.
- the phase difference generated by the third and fourth phase difference plates 18 and 19 is equal to the liquid crystal element 22 and the torsional phase difference. It is subtracted by the phase difference generated by the plate 12 and the first phase difference plate 13 and the phase difference generated by the second phase difference plate 14 to become 0, and linearly polarized light in the same direction as the transmission axis 17 a of the lower polarizing plate. And exit.
- the transmission axis 11a of the upper polarizing plate and the transmission axis 17a of the lower polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other, the incident light is not transmitted and black display is performed.
- black display is performed.
- the same effect as in the fifth embodiment is obtained.
- the display becomes white.
- the liquid crystal element 22 having the transmissive / reflective layer 25 and the color filter 26 included therein provides a good contrast, a bright display and a good viewing angle characteristic in a reflective display using external light. It is possible.
- the third retardation plate 18, the fourth retardation plate 19, the lower polarizing plate 17, and the backlight 16 are provided below the liquid crystal element 22, external light is reduced. By lighting the backlight 16 in the environment, a good color display can be obtained.
- the color filter 26 ′ is provided on the first substrate 1, but the color filter 26 is formed between the second electrode 4 and the second substrate 2 inside the second substrate 2. It is also possible. However, when the color filter 26 is provided on the first substrate, the protective film 8 serves as both the flattening of the color filter 26 and the insulating layer between the transflective film 25 and the first electrode 3. It is possible because it is possible.
- color filters 26 Although three colors of red, green and blue are used as the color filters 26, a bright color display is also possible by using three color finoleta of cyan, yellow and magenta. .
- the transflective layer 25 is formed of a 0.02 m thick aluminum thin film, but if the thickness is 0.03 ⁇ to 0.01 / zm, one part of the light is It can be transmitted to make it a half mirror.
- a SiO 2 thin film was formed on the aluminum thin film as the transflective layer 25.
- aluminum was used in order to form aluminum oxide by anodic oxidation treatment and to improve the reflectance. It is also possible to use a multilayer film of inorganic oxides having different refractive indexes on the thin film.
- the optical compensating element the torsional retardation plate 12 and the first retardation
- the three plates of the plate 13 and the second retardation plate 14 were used, one retardation plate was used as the optical compensating element as in the first embodiment, or a plurality of retardation plates were used.
- a liquid crystal display device that can obtain the same color display even when using only one twisted retardation plate 12 or using one twisted retardation plate and one retardation plate. Is possible.
- the liquid crystal display device using the color filter of this embodiment can be applied to the liquid crystal display devices described in the first to sixth embodiments.
- the liquid crystal display of the eighth embodiment has a configuration in which the scattering layer 9 is removed from the liquid crystal display of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view for explaining components of the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment of the present invention.
- the enlarged view of the pixel portion is the same as that shown in FIG. 23, and the arrangement relationship is the same as that shown in FIGS.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 18, FIG. 23, FIG. 19, and FIG.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal element 22, an anisotropic scattering layer 10 provided on the upper side of the liquid crystal element 22, a twisted phase difference plate 12, , A second retardation plate 14, an upper polarizing plate 11, a third retardation plate 18 provided below the liquid crystal element 22, and a fourth retardation It comprises a plate 19, a lower polarizing plate 17, and a backlight 16.
- three optically compensating elements namely, a twisted phase difference plate 12, a first phase difference plate 13, and a second phase difference plate 14, are used.
- a material having the characteristics shown in curve 34 or curve 35 in FIGS. 1 and 5 is used.
- a third retardation plate 18 and a fourth retardation plate 19 are used as the anisotropic scattering layer 10.
- the anisotropic scattering layer 10 a material having the characteristics shown by the curve 34 or the curve 35 in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used.
- anisotropic scattering layer 10 a material having a characteristic shown by a curve 31 or a curve 32 in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be used.
- the upper polarizer 11, the second retarder 14, the first retarder 13, the twisted retarder 12, and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are integrated with an acrylic adhesive.
- the liquid crystal element 22 is attached using an acrylic adhesive.
- the lower polarizer 17, the fourth retarder 19, and the third retarder 18 are integrated with an acryl adhesive, and the liquid crystal element 22 is also an acrylic. Affixed with a system adhesive.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal element 22 is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- the semi-transmissive reflective layer 25 has a very thin aluminum film so that some light is transmitted and the remaining light is reflected. It is a so-called half mirror. In the present embodiment, by setting the thickness of the aluminum film to 0.02 ⁇ , about 20% of the light is transmitted and the remaining 80% of the light is reflected. As described above, a rectangular shape is formed around the pixel.
- the scattering layer 9 and the anisotropic scattering layer 10 are provided between the liquid crystal element 22 and the twisted retardation plate 12, but in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. There is no scattering layer 9 and only an anisotropic scattering layer 10 is provided.
- the effect of the anisotropic scattering layer 10a can be obtained even in the TN mode where the twist angle is around 90 °, but especially in the STN mode where the twist angle is 180 ° to 260 °.
- the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics is large and effective.
- the upper polarizer 11, the second retarder 14, the first retarder 13, the twisted retarder 12, the anisotropic scattering layer 10 a, and the transflective layer STN mode liquid crystal element 22 with 9 and color filter 26 built-in enables color display with good contrast, bright and good viewing angle characteristics in reflective display using external light
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020017009289A KR20010113660A (ko) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-24 | 액정 표시 장치 |
US09/889,852 US6933994B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-24 | Liquid crystal display including an anisotropic scattering layer |
EP00977925A EP1156359A4 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-24 | LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11/332127 | 1999-11-24 | ||
JP33212799 | 1999-11-24 | ||
JP2000195391 | 2000-06-29 | ||
JP2000-195391 | 2000-06-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001038932A1 true WO2001038932A1 (fr) | 2001-05-31 |
Family
ID=26574097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/008306 WO2001038932A1 (fr) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-24 | Unite d'affichage a cristaux liquides |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6933994B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1156359A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20010113660A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1160592C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001038932A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
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JP2004110055A (ja) * | 2000-12-13 | 2004-04-08 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
US6985196B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2006-01-10 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Mask for manufacturing a substrate with light reflecting film having random light transmitting parts and non-light transmitting parts |
US7085036B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2006-08-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Mask, substrate with light reflection film, manufacturing method for light reflection film, manufacturing method for electro-optical device, and electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
JP2008134617A (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-06-12 | Nec Lcd Technologies Ltd | 表示装置、端末装置、表示パネル及び光学部材 |
JP2012208408A (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | Japan Display West Co Ltd | 表示装置および電子機器 |
JP2013041107A (ja) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-28 | Japan Display West Co Ltd | 表示装置および電子機器 |
JP2014203004A (ja) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-27 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置及び電子機器 |
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KR100438549B1 (ko) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-07-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 휴대용 단말기의 액정표시장치 |
JP4912562B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-22 | 2012-04-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置及びテレビジョン受像機 |
JP2005352404A (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-22 | Nitto Denko Corp | 広視野角補償偏光板、液晶パネルおよび液晶表示装置 |
JP4664260B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2011-04-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 表示装置 |
US20100296027A1 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2010-11-25 | Tsutomu Matsuhira | Display device |
US8264501B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2012-09-11 | Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. | System and method for radial component scattering |
JP2012118296A (ja) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-21 | Sony Corp | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
US11009646B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2021-05-18 | Azumo, Inc. | Film-based lightguide with interior light directing edges in a light mixing region |
JP2014178454A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-25 | Japan Display Inc | 液晶表示装置及び電子機器 |
CN113272693B (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2023-06-13 | 阿祖莫公司 | 具有角度变化的漫射膜的基于膜的前光源 |
CN113678035B (zh) | 2019-01-03 | 2024-10-18 | 阿祖莫公司 | 包括产生多个照明峰值的光导和光转向膜的反射型显示器 |
WO2021022307A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | Flex Lighting Ii, Llc | Lightguide with a light input edge between lateral edges of a folded strip |
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- 2000-11-24 KR KR1020017009289A patent/KR20010113660A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-11-24 CN CNB008041970A patent/CN1160592C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2004110055A (ja) * | 2000-12-13 | 2004-04-08 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
JP4665388B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-13 | 2011-04-06 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
US7106495B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2006-09-12 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Mask, substrate with light reflection film, manufacturing method for light reflection film, manufacturing method for electro-optical device and electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
US7085036B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2006-08-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Mask, substrate with light reflection film, manufacturing method for light reflection film, manufacturing method for electro-optical device, and electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
CN1307472C (zh) * | 2001-06-20 | 2007-03-28 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 光电器件及其制造方法、电子装置 |
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JP2008134617A (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-06-12 | Nec Lcd Technologies Ltd | 表示装置、端末装置、表示パネル及び光学部材 |
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JP2012208408A (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | Japan Display West Co Ltd | 表示装置および電子機器 |
JP2013041107A (ja) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-28 | Japan Display West Co Ltd | 表示装置および電子機器 |
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JP2014203004A (ja) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-27 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置及び電子機器 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1160592C (zh) | 2004-08-04 |
US6933994B1 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
EP1156359A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
EP1156359A4 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
KR20010113660A (ko) | 2001-12-28 |
CN1341229A (zh) | 2002-03-20 |
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