WO2001022673A2 - Verfahren zum senden von funksignalen und sender zum versenden von funksignalen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum senden von funksignalen und sender zum versenden von funksignalen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001022673A2 WO2001022673A2 PCT/DE2000/003020 DE0003020W WO0122673A2 WO 2001022673 A2 WO2001022673 A2 WO 2001022673A2 DE 0003020 W DE0003020 W DE 0003020W WO 0122673 A2 WO0122673 A2 WO 0122673A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- radio signals
- correction signal
- signal
- processor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/2644—Modulators with oversampling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for transmitting radio signals or a transmitter for transmitting radio signals according to the type of the independent claims.
- a reduction the amplitude variance of the OFDM signal is carried out by subtracting an additive correction signal from the OFDM signal to be sent.
- the correction signal is composed of the difference between a predefined threshold and the amplitude values of the OFDM signal, which lie above this threshold. If the amplitude of the OFDM signal is below the threshold at a specific point in time, then the amplitude of the correction signal is zero at this specific point in time.
- the method according to the invention or the transmitter according to the invention with the features of the independent claims has the advantage that the phase of the OFDM signal to be corrected is also impressed on the correction signal, so that a bit error rate of the OFDM signal and thus the signal quality are decisively improved , This makes it possible to better control the expensive transmitter for OFDM signals and thus make better use of it.
- the correction signal is determined repeatedly and subtracted repeatedly from the already corrected signal. This ensures that the influence of the correction signal on the OFDM signal is minimized. Such an iteration succeeds in reducing other signal components that are raised by the correction signal.
- the correction signal is composed of Gaussian pulses.
- Gaussian pulses have the same shape in the time domain and in the frequency domain and widening of a Gaussian pulse in the time domain to broaden a Gaussian pulse in the frequency domain. This considerably simplifies the handling and composition of the correction signal.
- correction signal is iteratively determined again and subtracted from the OFDM signal until the OFDM signal no longer exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the OFDM signal is oversampled before the correction is carried out. As a result, it is precisely recognized which amplitudes occur in the OFDM signal, because oversampling provides a more precise resolution of the OFDM signal to be corrected.
- FIG. 1 shows a transmitter for sending OFDM signals
- FIG. 2 shows a method for reducing the amplitude variance in OFDM signals
- FIG. 3 shows a method for correcting the OFDM signals in a processor.
- Orthogonal frequency division multiplex is a known and successful method for mobile radio applications.
- OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplex
- the signals to be sent are distributed over many subcarriers, these subcarriers being at a certain frequency spacing from one another, so that the signals distributed over the subcarriers do not interfere with one another. This behavior is described as orthogonal.
- OFDM is therefore used for digital radio transmission methods. These include DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) and DRM (Digital Radio Mondial). These broadcast transmission methods benefit from the property of OFDM that when frequency selective attenuation occurs, only a small part of the transmitted broadcast signal is disturbed because the broadcast signal has been distributed over a plurality of frequencies and only a portion of the signal which is transmitted on one frequency is disturbed , where a strong damping occurs.
- the disturbed signal component is corrected by error-detecting and correcting measures.
- error-correcting measures include error-correcting codes such as Block codes or convolutional codes.
- a signal that is transmitted at a certain frequency is given a non-linear characteristic, e.g. that of an amplifier, frequency components arise at multiples of the specific frequency. If these multiples are outside the transmission frequency spectrum, one speaks of out-of-band radiation since signal energy is then transmitted outside the available spectrum and is therefore lost for signal transmission because a receiver filters out the out-of-band radiation. In addition, the out-of-band radiation interferes with other transmission systems that are used at the frequencies at which the out-of-band radiation occurs.
- the OFDM signal After the distribution of the signals to be transmitted to the subcarriers, the OFDM signal is thus present as a noise signal, with individual amplitude peaks occurring driving the amplifier of the transmitter into the non-linear range.
- the ratio of amplitude peaks during a signal to the average amplitude of this signal is defined as the crest factor. So it’s important to minimize this crest factor, in order to operate the transmitter's amplifier only in the linear range and thus to utilize it optimally.
- the data to be sent are generated in a data source 1.
- the data source 1 is a microphone here.
- the microphone 1 converts voice signals into electrical signals, the signals are amplified, encoded and digitized.
- the digital signals are then transferred to an OFDM modulator 2 as a bit stream.
- Amplification, coding and digitization is carried out by means of signal processing connected to the microphone 1.
- the OFDM modulator 2 initially performs a differential
- Differential quadrature phase shift keying which is referred to as differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK)
- DQPSK is a digital modulation in which the phase change of the signal is modulated.
- the phase change is used as a modulation signal at a certain time interval, i.e. per bit.
- a phase change of +/- 90 ° is used here.
- Differential modulation methods have the advantage that no absolute value has to be determined in the receiver in order to demodulate the signals, since the transmitted information is contained in the phase change of the transmitted signals.
- a bit sequence of 110 therefore leads to a phase change of + 90 ° for the two ones and - 90 ° for the zero.
- the DQPSK is a complex modulation method, since the bits of the bit stream that are fed into the OFDM modulator 2 are mapped to phase changes. If a phase of a signal is changed, a complex level is used for the graphic representation of the signals as a pointer, with a real part on the abscissa and an imaginary part on the ordinate. A signal with a phase greater than zero is rotated around this phase in the complex plane counterclockwise from the abscissa.
- the OFDM modulator 2 distributes the signals to be demodulated to the subcarriers, so that an OFDM signal is produced. Since the DQPSK, which the OFDM modulator 2 performs, results in a complex signal, a first and a second data output from the OFDM modulator 2 are connected to a first and second data input of a processor 3 in order to generate two components of the signal, imaginary. and real part to be processed separately.
- the processor 3 initially oversamples the complex signals coming from the OFDM modulator 2. Experience has shown that at least four times the sampling is required in order to recognize the amplitude peaks with a high probability. With a smaller sample it can happen that an amplitude peak lies exactly between two samples.
- the processor 3 compares the sampled values with a threshold that is predetermined and stored in the transmitter.
- the threshold determines which amplitudes are too high and would drive the amplifier into the non-linear range. If a sample is larger than the predetermined threshold, then a difference is formed between this sample and the threshold.
- the correction signal receives this difference as the amplitude for the point in time for which the sample value was greater than the threshold. If the sample value is equal to or below the threshold, then the correction signal receives an amplitude of zero for this point in time.
- FIG. 3 explains in a block diagram the sequence through which the processor 3 runs in order to determine the correction signal and subtract it from the OFDM signal to be corrected.
- the sample values are present as complex values at input 30 of the block diagram.
- a pair of polar coordinates is formed using a table of Cartesian coordinates that describe the complex number of the OFDM signal. This is necessary so that the amplitude of the OFDM signal can be determined. If the complex OFDM signal is present as an imaginary part and real part, that is as Cartesian coordinates, then only the coordinates of the complex number are present in a coordinate system, with the abscissa indicating the real part and the ordinate indicating the imaginary part.
- this amount is the square root of the sum of the individual squares of the coordinate values, i.e. the real part and the imaginary part, and thus the length of a vector from the origin of the coordinate system to the coordinates of the complex number that the signal describes.
- the phase of the OFDM signal is determined, since this phase is to be impressed on the correction signal for this time in order to determine the quality of the corrected OFDM signal increase.
- the conversion of Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates provides both the amount of the complex OFDM signal and the phase.
- the phase of the complex OFDM signal is the angle from the abscissa to the vector of the OFDM signal, measuring counterclockwise.
- the so-called CORDIC algorithm is used for this assignment of Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates using a table.
- the amplitude and thus the amount of the complex OFDM signal is compared in block 32 with a predetermined threshold. If the amount of the complex OFDM signal is below the threshold, the output signal is set to zero and thus the correction signal. If the amount of the complex OFDM signal is above the threshold, the difference between the threshold and the amount gives the amplitude of the correction signal.
- the input signal 30 is multiplied by a multiplier 33 with the output signal of the block 32. If the amount of the complex OFDM signal was above the threshold, the product is greater than zero, otherwise it is zero.
- 30 gaussian pulses for the real part and for the imaginary part are taken from a memory with the evaluated input signal.
- a complex number and thus a complex correction signal is formed from the Gaussian pulses for the real and for the imaginary part.
- the complex correction signal is delayed by a time T2, the time T2 being predetermined. The time delayed in this way is stored in block 36.
- the original input signal 30 is delayed in block 37 by the predetermined time T1, in order then to be stored in the memory 38.
- the times T1 and T2 are dimensioned such that the OFDM signal for which the correction signal is determined and the correction signal are stored in blocks 36 and 37 at the same time.
- a complex subtraction is carried out by means of the subtraction 40, so that the OFDM signal is adjusted for its amplitude peaks, the phase of the signal being taken into account in the subtraction by maintaining the real and imaginary parts for the correction signal.
- the corrected signal is present as output signal 39.
- the processor 3 carries out the correction just described until the amplitude of the complex OFDM signal is no longer above the threshold value. This is because the correction signal can lead to amplitude values which were originally below the threshold being raised above the threshold by the evaluation with the correction signal. Alternatively, the
- Correction algorithm can be carried out for a predetermined number of runs.
- the corrected complex OFDM signal is pre-equalized according to the characteristic of an amplifier 8 of the transmitter by multiplying it by the reciprocal of the characteristic of the amplifier 8.
- the real part and the imaginary part of the signal are each converted into an analog signal by means of digital-analog converters 5 and 6.
- the complex OFDM signal is converted into a real signal and converted into an intermediate frequency range.
- the transmitter amplifier 8 amplifies the signals coming from the quadrature modulator and the amplified signals are sent by means of an antenna 9.
- FIG. 2 shows a method for reducing the amplitude variance in OFDM signals.
- Amplitude variance denotes the behavior of OFDM signals that the
- Amplitude has strongly changing amplitudes due to the superimposition of the signals distributed to the individual subcarriers.
- the data is generated in method step 10. This happens e.g. as described above.
- the generated data is modulated with a differential phase modulation, the DQPSK being used here.
- the modulated signals are distributed to the subcarriers, so that an OFDM signal is produced.
- the OFDM signal is subjected to oversampling, so that there is a set of sampled values which are compared in method step 14 with a threshold for the amplitude. This comparison is examined in method step 23. If an amplitude is above the threshold, the method is continued in step 15; if there is no amplitude above the threshold, the method is continued in step 18.
- step 15 the phase of the OFDM signal is determined.
- a correction signal is formed as the amplitude from the difference between amplitude values that lie above the threshold and the associated phase of the OFDM signal is impressed. At the times when the amplitude values of the OFDM signal are below the threshold, at these times, the amplitude of the correction signal is set to zero.
- the correction signal is subtracted from the OFDM signal, so that the correction is carried out.
- Characteristic curve of the amplifier 8 of the transmitter pre-equalized is generated from the digital pre-equalized signal, so that there are no signal components at frequencies that lie outside the transmission frequency spectrum.
- the quadrature modulation is carried out in order to convert the analog signal into the transmission frequency range.
- the converted signal is amplified and in method step 22 it is transmitted by means of the antenna 9.
- the correction was made in the baseband.
- This is the frequency range in which e.g. the speech signals are present immediately after the acoustic-electrical conversion.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/088,218 US7308041B1 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 2000-09-02 | Method and transmitter for transmitting radio signals |
EP00972571A EP1222786A2 (de) | 1999-09-17 | 2000-09-02 | Verfahren zum senden von funksignalen und sender zum versenden von funksignalen |
JP2001525913A JP2003510898A (ja) | 1999-09-17 | 2000-09-02 | 無線信号の送信方法および無線信号を送出するための送信機 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19944558A DE19944558C2 (de) | 1999-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | Verfahren zum Senden von Funksignalen und Sender zum Versenden eines Funksignals |
DE19944558.3 | 1999-09-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001022673A2 true WO2001022673A2 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
WO2001022673A3 WO2001022673A3 (de) | 2001-11-01 |
Family
ID=7922341
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/003020 WO2001022673A2 (de) | 1999-09-17 | 2000-09-02 | Verfahren zum senden von funksignalen und sender zum versenden von funksignalen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7308041B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1222786A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003510898A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19944558C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001022673A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4823013B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-18 | 2011-11-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ピークファクタ低減装置およびベースバンド信号処理装置 |
SG126808A1 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-29 | Oki Techno Ct Singapore Pte | Frequency offset estimation for dpsk |
DE102006011379B4 (de) * | 2006-03-09 | 2012-06-28 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Unterdrückung spektraler Nebenzipfel in auf OFDM beruhenden Übertragungssystemen |
US7929926B2 (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2011-04-19 | Harris Corporation | Transmitting RF signals employing both digital and analog components with a common amplifier |
JP2010045672A (ja) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-25 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 信号受信装置及び方法 |
CN103780531B (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2018-01-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种多载波基带消峰装置及方法 |
US8948303B1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-02-03 | Microelectronics Technology Inc. | Communication device and method of crest factor reduction using amplitude compression |
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US5384547A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1995-01-24 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for attenuating a multicarrier input signal of a linear device |
EP0735731A2 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-02 | Victor Company Of Japan, Limited | Mehrträgenmodulator- und -demodulator mit Einrichtungen zur Verringerung der Spitzenleistung |
EP0743768A1 (de) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-11-20 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum multiplexen von signalen |
WO2000025491A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reduction of the crest factor in ofdm signal |
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US4615040A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1986-09-30 | Coenco Ltd. | High speed data communications system |
GB2257860B (en) * | 1991-07-06 | 1995-09-20 | Racal Communications Syst Ltd | Amplification systems |
FR2707127A1 (fr) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-01-06 | Philips Laboratoire Electroniq | Système de transmission numérique à prédisposition. |
IT1265271B1 (it) * | 1993-12-14 | 1996-10-31 | Alcatel Italia | Sistema di predistorsione in banda base per la linearizzazione adattativa di amplificatori di potenza |
DE4441323C2 (de) * | 1994-11-22 | 1998-07-09 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zur Übertragung von OFDM-Signalen und Funknetzanlage zum Durchführen des Verfahrens |
US5486789A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-01-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a baseband digital error signal in an adaptive predistorter |
JP3517853B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-30 | 2004-04-12 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Ofdm波変調装置及びその復調装置 |
US5822323A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-10-13 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | Frequency division multiplexed signal generating apparatus and related decoding apparatus |
US5732333A (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-03-24 | Glenayre Electronics, Inc. | Linear transmitter using predistortion |
DE19635813A1 (de) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-03-05 | Johannes Prof Dr Ing Huber | Verfahren zur Reduktion des Spitzenwertfaktors bei digitalen Übertragungsverfahren |
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1999
- 1999-09-17 DE DE19944558A patent/DE19944558C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-09-02 US US10/088,218 patent/US7308041B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-02 JP JP2001525913A patent/JP2003510898A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-02 WO PCT/DE2000/003020 patent/WO2001022673A2/de active Application Filing
- 2000-09-02 EP EP00972571A patent/EP1222786A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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EP0743768A1 (de) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-11-20 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum multiplexen von signalen |
EP0735731A2 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-02 | Victor Company Of Japan, Limited | Mehrträgenmodulator- und -demodulator mit Einrichtungen zur Verringerung der Spitzenleistung |
WO2000025491A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reduction of the crest factor in ofdm signal |
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Title |
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LAMPE M ET AL: "Reducing out-of-band emissions due to nonlinearities in OFDM systems" 1999 IEEE 49TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (CAT. NO.99CH36363), 1999 IEEE 49TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE. MOVING INTO A NEW MILLENIUM, HOUSTON, TX, USA, 16-20 MAY 1999, Seiten 2255-2259 vol.3, XP000991238 1999, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE, USA ISBN: 0-7803-5565-2 in der Anmeldung erwähnt * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003510898A (ja) | 2003-03-18 |
WO2001022673A3 (de) | 2001-11-01 |
DE19944558A1 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
EP1222786A2 (de) | 2002-07-17 |
DE19944558C2 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
US7308041B1 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
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