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  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Definitions

• the present invention relates to substituted piperidine compounds, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy.
• Chemokines play an important role in immune and inflammatory responses in various diseases and disorders, including asthma and allergic diseases, as well as autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. These small secreted molecules are a growing superfamily of 8-14 kDa proteins characterised by a conserved four cysteine motif. The chemokine superfamily can be divided into two main groups exhibiting characteristic structural motifs, the Cys-X-Cys (C-X-C) and Cys-Cys (C-C) families. These are distinguished on the basis of a single amino acid insertion between the NH-proximal pair of cysteine residues and sequence similarity.
• the C-X-C chemokines include several potent chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2).
• IL-8 interleukin-8
• NAP-2 neutrophil-activating peptide 2
• the C-C chemokines include potent chemoattractants of monocytes and lymphocytes but not neutrophils such as human monocyte chemo tactic proteins 1-3 (MCP-1, MCP-2 and MCP-3), RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted), eotaxin and the macrophage inflammatory proteins l ⁇ and l ⁇ (MlP-l ⁇ and MlP-l ⁇ ).
• chemokines are mediated by subfamilies of G protein-coupled receptors, among which are the receptors designated CCR1, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR4.
• G protein-coupled receptors among which are the receptors designated CCR1, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR4.
• the present invention provides a compound of formula (I): wherein
• Z is CR 4 R", C(O) or CR ⁇ R'-Z';
• R 1 represents a -C 12 alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from cyano, hydroxyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy (such as methoxy or ethoxy), C ⁇ -C 6 alkylthio (such as methylthio), C - cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl), C
• R 1 represents C 2 -C 6 alkenyl optionally substituted by phenyl (itself optionally substituted by one or more of halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, -C O haloalkyl, phenyl(CrC 6 alkyl), C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, C C 6 haloalkoxy, S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), C(O)NH 2 , carboxy or C C 6 alkoxycarbonyl); or
• R 1 represents a 3- to 14-membered saturated or unsaturated ring system which optionally comprises up to two ring carbon atoms that form carbonyl groups and which optionally further comprises up to 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, hydroxyl, Cr alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 hydroxyalkyl, CrC 6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy(C r C 6 alkyl), C 3 -C 7 cycloalky d- alkyl), d-C 6 alkylthio(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), C,-C 6 alkylcarbonyloxy(CrC 6 alkyl), C ⁇ -C 6 alkylS(O) 2 (d- C 6 alkyl), aryl(C C 6 alkyl), heterocyclyl(C ⁇ -C 6 alky
• R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a d-C 4 alkyl group
• R 6 is aryl or heterocyclyl, both optionally substituted by one or more of: halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, hydroxyl, d-C 8 alkyl, Ci-Qs hydroxyalkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkyl, d-6 alkoxy(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl), C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl(d-C 6 alkyl), C C 6 alkylthio(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), d-C 6 alkylcarbonyloxy(d-C 6 alkyl), Ci-Ce alkylS(O) 2 (d-C 6 alkyl), aryl(C C 6 alkyl), heterocyclyl(d-C 6 alkyl), arylS(O) 2 (d-C 6 alkyl), heterocyclylS(O) 2 (d-C 6
• haloalkoxy d-C 6 hydroxyalkoxy, d-C 6 alkylcarboxy- substituted C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylthio, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl(C ⁇ - C 6 alkylthio), C 3 -C 6 alkynylthio, d-C 6 alkylcarbonylamino, d-C 6 haloalkylcarbonylamino, SO 3 H, -NR 16 R 17 , -C(O)NR 21 R 22 , S(O) 2 NR 13 R 14 , S(O) 2 R 15 , R 26 C(O), carboxyl, d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, aryl and heterocyclyl; wherein the foregoing aryl and heterocyclyl moieties are optionally substituted by one or more of halogen, nitro, cyano, d-C 6 alkyl,
• R 15 and R 20 are, independently, C C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 hydroxyalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl(C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl) or d-C ⁇ alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl;
• R 25 and R 26 are, independently, -C ⁇ alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted by one or more of halogen, nitro, cyano, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 haloalkyl, phenyl(d-C 6 alkyl), d-C 6 alkoxy, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkoxy, S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), C(O)NH 2 , carboxy or C C 6 alkoxycarbonyl) ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or solvate thereof, or a solvate of a salt thereof; provided that when T is C(O)NR 10 and R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl then n is not 0.
• Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in isomeric forms (for example as tautomers, enantiomers, geometric isomers or diastereomers).
• the present invention encompasses all such isomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.
• Hydroxyalkyl is, for example, 2-hydroxyeth-l-yl.
• Haloalkyl is, for example, CF 3 .
• Alkoxy is, for example, methoxy or ethoxy.
• Alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) is, for example, methoxymethyl or ethoxyethyl.
• Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl. Cycloalkyl(d-C 6 alkyl) is, for example, cyclopropylmethyl.
• Alkylthio is, for example, methylthio or ethylthio.
• Alkylthio(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) is, for example, methylthiomethyl.
• Alkylcarbonyloxy(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl) is, for example, CH 3 C(O)OCH 2 .
• S(O) 2 (alkyl) is, for example, CH 3 S(O) 2 .
• AlkylS(O) 2 (C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl) is, for example, CH 3 S(O) 2 CH 2 .
• Aryl(d-C 6 alkyl) is, for example, benzyl, 2-phenyleth-l-yl or 1-phenyleth-l-yl.
• Heterocyclyl(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl) is, for example, heterocyclylmethyl.
• ArylS(O) 2 (d-C6 alkyl) is, for example, ⁇ henylS(O) 2 CH 2 .
• HeterocyclylS(O) 2 (d-C 6 alkyl) is, for example, heterocyclylS(O) 2 CH 2 .
• Aryl(C C 6 alkyl)S(O) 2 is, for example, benzylS(O) 2 .
• Heterocyclyl(d-C 6 alkyl)S(O) 2 is, for example, heterocyclylCH 2 S(O)2.
• Alkenyl is, for example, vinyl or allyl.
• Carboxy- substituted Ci-Q alkoxy is, for example, HOC(O)CH 2 CH 2 O.
• Haloalkoxy is, for example, OCF 3 .
• Hydroxyalkoxy is, for example, HOCH 2 CH 2 O.
• Alkylcarboxy-substituted C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy is, for example, CH 3 OC(O)CH 2 CH 2 O.
• Aryloxy is, for example, phenoxy.
• Heterocyclyloxy is, for example, pyridinyloxy or pyrimidinyloxy.
• C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl(d-C 6 alkylthio) is, for example, cyclopropylCH 2 S.
• Alkynylthio is, for example, propargylthio.
• Alkoxycarbonyl is, for example, CH 3 OC(O).
• Aryl is a carbocyclic aromatic ring optionally fused to one or more carbocyclic rings.
• Aryl is, for example, phenyl, naphthyl or indanyl.
• Heterocyclyl is an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system preferably comprising up to 6 (preferably up to 4) heteroatoms selected from the group comprising nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, and preferably comprising one, two or three 5- or 6-membered rings.
• Heterocyclyl is, for example, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, 2,5-dihydropyrrolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3- triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl (for example 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl or 4-pyridinyl), pyrimidinyl (for example 2-pyrimidinyl or 4-pyrimidinyl), pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, 2,3-dihydroindolyl, benzo[b] furyl, benz[b]thienyl, 2,3-d
• the group R 1 may represent an optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered (especially 5- to 10-membered) saturated or unsaturated ring system which optionally comprises one or two ring carbon atoms that form carbonyl groups and which optionally further comprises one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
• R 1 ring systems which can be moncyclic or polycyclic, include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, 2,5-dihydropyrrolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1 ,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl (for example 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl or 4-pyridinyl), pyrimidinyl (for example 2-pyrimidinyl or 4-pyrimidinyl), pyr
• the present invention provides a compound of formula (la):
• R 1 represents a C ⁇ -C 1 alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from cyano, hydroxyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylthio and d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, or
• R 1 represents a 3- to 10-membered saturated or unsaturated ring system which optionally comprises up to two ring carbon atoms that form carbonyl groups and which optionally further comprises up to 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, carboxyl, d-C ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 hydroxyalkyl, d-C 6 haloalkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, carboxy-substituted d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 alkylthio, C1-Q5 alkylthiomethyl, d-C 6 alkylcarbonylamino, -NR 7 R 8 , -C(O)NR 7 R 8 , d-C 6 alkylcarbonyloxymethyl, d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, d-C 6 alkoxy
• n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, provided that when n is 0, then m is 0; each R and R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl group;
• R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a d-C alkyl group
• R 6 represents a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, amino (-NH 2 ), nitro, cyano, sulphonyl (-SO 3 H), sulphonamido (-SO 2 NH 2 ), d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 haloalkoxy and d-C 6 alkylsulphonyl;
• R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group selected from d-C 6 hydroxyalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and d-C 6 alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl;
• R 9 ,
• R 10 and R 11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a d-C 4 alkyl or cyclopropylmethyl group; and each R 12 independently represents a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or cyclopropylmethyl group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
• alkyl substituent or an alkyl moiety in a substituent group may be linear or branched.
• alkyl groups/moieties containing up to twelve carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso- propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl and n-dodecyl groups.
• a C ⁇ -C 6 hydroxyalkyl group will comprise at least one hydroxyl group (e.g. one, two or three hydroxyl groups) which may be attached to an internal or terminal carbon atom of the alkyl chain.
• a carboxy-substituted C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy group will comprise at least one carboxyl group (e.g. one, two or three carboxyl groups) which may be attached to an internal or terminal carbon atom of the alkyl chain.
• a d-C 6 haloalkyl or d-C 6 haloalkoxy group will comprise at least one halogen atom (e.g.
• a halophenyl group will comprise from 1 to 5 halogen atoms independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• a d-C 6 alkylbenzyl group will comprise at least one d-C 6 alkyl group (e.g. one, two or three d-C 6 alkyl groups) attached to the phenyl ring of the benzyl moiety. If there is more than one C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl group attached to the phenyl ring, the groups may be the same or different.
• the piperazinyl moiety is attached through a nitrogen atom to the carbonyl moiety.
• T represents C(O)NR 9 , it should be understood that the nitrogen atom is attached directly to the six-membered heterocyclic ring in formula (I).
• the group R 1 may represent a d-C 12 , preferably d-do . more preferably d-Qs, alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) substituents independently selected from cyano, hydroxyl, d-C 6 , preferably d-C 4 , alkoxy, d-C 6 , preferably d-C 4 , alkylthio and d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, preferably d-C alkoxycarbonyl.
• the group R 1 may alternatively represent an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered saturated or unsaturated ring system which optionally comprises one or two ring carbon atoms that form carbonyl groups and which optionally further comprises one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
• ring systems that may be used which can be money project or polycyclic include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, quinolinyl (e.g. 2-quinolinyl, 3-quinolinyl or 4-quinolinyl), pyridinyl (e.g.
• the ring system of R 1 may be optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) substituents independently selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); cyano; nitro; hydroxyl; carboxyl; C ⁇ -C 6 , preferably d-C 4 , alkyl (especially methyl or ethyl); d-C 6 , preferably d-C , hydroxyalkyl; d-C 6 , preferably d-C 4 , haloalkyl (e.g.
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine
• cyano nitro
• hydroxyl carboxyl
• C ⁇ -C 6 preferably d-C 4 , alkyl (especially methyl or ethyl)
• d-C 6 preferably d-C , hydroxyalkyl
• d-C 6 preferably d-C
• d-C ⁇ preferably d-C , alkoxy (especially methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy or isopropoxy); carboxy-substituted C ⁇ -C 6 , preferably d-C 4 , alkoxy; d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C , alkylthio (especially methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio and tert-butylthio); d-C ⁇ , preferably C ⁇ -C 4 , alkylthiomethyl (particularly methylthiomethyl); d-C 6 , preferably d-C , alkylcarbonylamino (especially methylcarbonylamino); -NR 7 R 8 ; -C(O)NR 7 R 8 ; C ⁇ -Q > , preferably C r C 4 , alkylcarbonyloxymethyl (particularly methylcarbonyloxymethyl); C ⁇ -C 6 , preferably C
• R 1 is an aromatic 5-membered heterocyclyl having 2, 3 or 4 ring nitrogen atoms (for example 1,2,4-triazole, 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole or tetrazole) substituted by one heteroaromatic ring (such as pyridine or pyrazole) which is itself optionally substituted by halogen or C ⁇ -C alkyl; or R 1 is halophenyl (for example phenyl optionally substituted (such as in the 4-position) by fluoro or chloro; such as 4- chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl).
• 1,2,4-triazole, 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole or tetrazole substituted by one heteroaromatic ring (such as pyridine or pyrazole) which is itself optionally substituted by halogen or C ⁇ -C alkyl
• R 1 is halophenyl (for example
• Q is oxygen or m is 0.
• Q represents a sulphur atom or a group NH, C(O) or NHC(O).
• n 1 or 2.
• T represents a group NH, C(O)NH or NHC(O)NH.
• T represents a NH or C(O)NH group.
• T is C(O)NH.
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are all CH 2 or CHR 12 , wherein the R 12 groups of X 1 and X 3 or X 4 , or, X 2 and X 3 or X 4 join to form CH 2 CH 2 ; provided always that at least two of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are CH 2 .
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are all CH 2 .
• all four groups X represent CH2.
• each R 2 and R 3 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, especially a hydrogen atom.
• R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl. In another aspect R 4 and R 5 preferably each represent a hydrogen atom. In another aspect of the invention R 6 represents a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) substituents independently selected from halogen (e.g.
• R 6 represents a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) substituents independently selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine), amino, nitro, cyano, sulphonyl, sulphonamido, d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C 4 , alkyl, d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C , haloalkoxy and d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C , alkylsulphonyl.
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine
• amino, nitro, cyano, sulphonyl, sulphonamido, d-C 6 preferably C ⁇ -C 4 , alkyl, d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C , haloalkoxy and d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C
• R 6 is phenyl optionally substituted by halogen or methylenedioxy. In a still further aspect R 6 is most preferably a phenyl group substituted by halogen. Examples of R 6 include 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl or, especially, 3,4-dichlorophenyl.
• R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group selected from d-C , preferably d-C , hydroxyalkyl, C -C 6 cycloalkyl (cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl) and d-C 6 , preferably C ⁇ -C 4 , alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl (e.g. one or two phenyl groups).
• R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a group selected from C 2 hydroxyalkyl, cyclopropyl and C ⁇ -C 2 alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl.
• Compounds of the invention include all the Examples below, some of which are: N-[ 1 -(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-(4-methylbenzyl)amine, N- [4-( ⁇ [ 1 -(3 ,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl] amino ⁇ methyl)phenyl]acetamide, 3 -( ⁇ [ 1 -(3 ,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl] amino ⁇ methyl)phenol,
• the present invention further provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) or (la) which comprises:
• n' is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3 and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , m and Q are as defined above, with a compound of formula
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , Z, R 6 and R 10 are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent; or (b) when n is at least 1, the CR 2 R 3 group attached directly to T is C(C ⁇ -C alkyl) 2 and T is NR 10 , reacting a compound of formula
• n' is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3
• R and R each independently represent a C ⁇ -C alkyl group
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 10 , m and Q are as defined above, with a compound of formula
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , Z and R 6 are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent;
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Q, m and n are as defined above, with a compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof as defined in (a) above; or
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Q, m, n, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and T are as defined above, with a compound of general formula (X), R - C(O) - R , wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a d-C 4 alkyl group and R 6 is as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent; or
• L 2 represents a leaving group (e.g. a halogen atom) and Z and R 6 are as defined above; or
• L represents a leaving group (e.g. a halogen atom) and R , R , R , m, n and Q are as defined above, with a compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof as defined in (a) above; or
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Q, m and n are as defined above, with a compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof as defined in (a) above; or
• the compounds of the invention and intermediates may be isolated from their reaction mixtures, and if necessary further purified, by using standard techniques.
• the compounds of formula (I) and (la) have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular as modulators of chemokine receptor activity. More particularly, the compounds have utility as modulators of the activity of chemokine receptors CCR1 and/or CCR3.
• a further aspect of the invention involves the use of a compound of formula (I) or (la) in the treatment of conditions or diseases in which modulation of chemokine receptor activity is beneficial.
• compounds of formula (I) or (la) may be used in the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, proliferative and hyperproliferative diseases and immunologically-mediated diseases including rejection of transplanted organs or tissues and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
• AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• obstructive airways diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); asthma, such as bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic and dust asthma, particularly chronic or inveterate asthma (e.g. late asthma and airways hyper- responsiveness); bronchitis; acute, allergic, atrophic rhinitis and chronic rhinitis including rhinitis caseosa, hypertrophic rhinitis, rhinitis purulenta, rhinitis sicca and rhinitis medicamentosa; membranous rhinitis including croupous, fibrinous and pseudomembranous rhinitis and scrofoulous rhinitis; seasonal rhinitis including rhinitis nervosa (hay fever) and vasomotor rhinitis; sarcoidosis, farmer's lung and related diseases, fibroid lung and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia;
• COPD chronic obstructive
• the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof or a solvate of a salt thereof, as hereinbefore defined for use in therapy.
• the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof or a solvate of a salt thereof, as hereinbefore defined in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy.
• the term “therapy” also includes “prophylaxis” unless there are specific indications to the contrary.
• the terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be construed accordingly.
• Prophylaxis is expected to be particularly relevant to the treatment of persons who have suffered a previous episode of, or are otherwise considered to be at increased risk of, the disease or condition in question.
• Persons at risk of developing a particular disease or condition generally include those having a family history of the disease or condition, or those who have been identified by genetic testing or screening to be particularly susceptible to developing the disease or condition.
• the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), wherein Z is CR 4 R 5 , C(O) or CRV-Z 1 ; Z 1 is C 1-4 alkylene, C 2-4 alkenylene or C(O)NH; R 1 represents a C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from cyano, hydroxyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 alkylthio, C -7 cycloalkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl and phenyl (itself optionally substituted by one or more of halogen, nitro, cyano, d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 haloalkyl, phenyl(d-C 6 alkyl), d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 haloalkoxy, S(O) 2 (C C 6 alkyl), C(O)NH 2 , carboxy or C C 6 alkyl
• R 1 represents a 3- to 14-membered saturated or unsaturated ring system which optionally comprises up to two ring carbon atoms that form carbonyl groups and which optionally further comprises up to 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from: halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, hydroxyl, d-C 8 alkyl, d-C 6 hydroxyalkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy(d-C 6 alkyl), C 3 - C 7 cycloalkyl(C ⁇ -C ⁇ -C
• each R and R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl group, or (CR 2 R 3 ) n represents C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by C C 4 alkyl;
• T represents a group NR 10 , C(O)NR 10 , NR 11 C(O)NR 10 or
• R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a CpC 4 alkyl group
• R 6 is aryl or heterocyclyl, both optionally substituted by one or more of: halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, hydroxyl, d-C alkyl, d-C 6 hydroxyalkyl, d-C 6 haloalkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy(C C 6 alkyl), C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl), d-C 6 alkylthio(d-C 6 alkyl), C C 6 alkylcarbonyloxy(d-C 6 alkyl), C C 6 alkylS(O) 2 (d
• the invention also provides a method of treating an inflammatory disease in a person suffering from, or at risk of, said disease, which comprises administering to the person a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof or a solvate of a salt thereof, as hereinbefore defined.
• the dosage administered will, of course, vary with the compound employed, the mode of administration, the treatment desired and the disorder indicated.
• a compound of formula (I) or (la) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or solvate of a salt may be used on its own but will generally be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition in which the formula (I) or (la) compound, salt, solvate or solvate of salt (active ingredient) is in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• the pharmaceutical composition will preferably comprise from 0.05 to 99 %w (per cent by weight), more preferably from 0.05 to 80 %w, still more preferably from 0.10 to 70 %w, and even more preferably from 0.10 to 50 %w, of active ingredient, all percentages by weight being based on total composition.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or solvate of salt thereof, as hereinbefore defined, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• the invention further provides a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which comprises mixing a compound of formula (I) or (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or solvate of salt thereof, as hereinbefore defined, with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• compositions may be administered topically (e.g. to the lung and/or airways or to the skin) in the form of solutions, suspensions, heptafluoroalkane aerosols and dry powder formulations; or systemically, e.g. by oral administration in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, powders, aerosols or granules, or by parenteral administration in the form of solutions or suspensions, or by subcutaneous administration or by rectal administration in the form of suppositories or transdermally.
• topically e.g. to the lung and/or airways or to the skin
• solutions suspensions, heptafluoroalkane aerosols and dry powder formulations
• systemically e.g. by oral administration in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, powders, aerosols or granules, or by parenteral administration in the form of solutions or suspensions, or by subcutaneous administration or by rectal administration in the form of suppositories or transdermally.
• step (i) The product from step (i) (3.5g) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) in dichloromethane (40ml). After 72h, the solution was evaporated, the residue triturated with ether and the solid (4.3g) collected.
• step (ii) The product from step (ii) (2mg), the appropriate aldehyde (2 equivalents), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3 equivalents) and diisopropylethylamine (2 equivalents) in acetonitrile (0.08ml) and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (0.12ml) was left at room temperature for 24h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in dimethylsuphoxide (0.4ml).
• step (ii) (1.28g) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (5ml) in dichloromethane (10ml). After 20h, the solution was evaporated, the residue triturated with ether and the solid (1.62g) collected. MS: APCI(+ve) 302/4 (M+l)
• step (iii) 0.0026g
• the appropriate activated halo-aromatic (1.25 equivalents) and diisopropylethylamine (10 equivalents) in l-methyl-2-pyrolidinone (0.15ml) was heated at 100°C for 20h.
• the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in dimethylsuphoxide (0.4ml).
• Example 1 step (ii) The title compound was prepared from the product of Example 1 step (ii) (0.3g) and 2-[2- (2-pyrazinyl)- 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid (0.155g) using the method of Example 94. Yield 0.08g as a solid.
• step (ii) N-(4-Piperidinyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-amine, dihydrochloride salt
• 5M hydrochloric acid 20ml
• the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue azeotroped with toluene, washed with ether. Yield 0.58g as a solid.
• Triethylamine (0.223ml) was added to a stirred suspension of the product from step (ii) (0.2g) in dimethylformamide. After 5min 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (0.175g) then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.212g) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 3h. The mixture was partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid and ether, the aqueous layer was basified with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with ethyl acetate/ether and the solid collected. Yield 0.045g.
• Example 94 Prepared following the method of Example 94 using (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (0.50g), 1,1 -carbonyldiimidazole (0.50g) and tert-butyl 4-amino-l-piperidinecarboxylate (0.46g) to give the subtitle compound (0.54g).
• Step ii 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(4-piperidinyl)acetamide Prepared following the method of Example 1 step (ii) using tert-butyl 4- ⁇ [(4- chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ -l-piperidinecarboxylate (0.52g) to give the subtitle compound (0.35g).
• Step i tert-Butyl 4-( ⁇ 3-[3-(2 -pyridinyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanoyl ⁇ amino)- 1 - piperidinecarboxylate
• Step ii N-(4-Piperidinyl)-3-[3-(2 -pyridinyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanamide
• tert-Butyl 4-( ⁇ 3-[3-(2-pyridinyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanoyl ⁇ amino)- 1 - piperidinecarboxylate (0.40g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (6ml) and trifluoroacetic acid (3ml) was added. After 2hours water, 2 ⁇ sodium hydroxide and dichloromethane were added and the phases were separated. The organic phase was dried, filtered and evaporated to give the subtitle compound (0.19g).
• Step iii Final product A mixture of the product from step (ii) (1.21mg), the appropriate alkyl halide (2 equivalents) and NN-diisopropylethylamine (3 equivalents) in l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (0.18ml) was left at room temperature for 24h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (0.4ml).
• Step iii 2-Chloro-N-[l-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-piperidin-4-yl]-acetamide l-[(3,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-piperidin-4-ylamine dihydrochloride (3.18g) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40ml). Diisopropylethylamine (6.84g) and chloroacetyl chloride (1.33g) were added. After 3hours water, brine and ethyl acetate were added the phase were separated.
• Step iv Final Product
• the product from step (iii) (1.21mg) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (50 ⁇ l) and diisopropylethylamine (1.55mg, 3 equivalents) was added as a solution in dimethylsulfoxide (50 ⁇ l).
• the appropriate thiol was added (1 equivalent) in dimethylsulfoxide (40 ⁇ l) and the reaction mixture was left at room temperature for 24hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (400 ⁇ l).
• Step i Methyl 4- ⁇ [l-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino ⁇ -4-oxobutanoate
• methyl 4-chloro-4-oxobutanoate (2.00g) drop wise.
• Triethylamine (3.90g) was added and the reaction stirred under nitrogen for 2 hours. Saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was then added, with the solution being extracted three times with dichloromethane.
• Step ii Lithium 4- ⁇ [l-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino ⁇ -4-oxobutanoate
• methanol methanol
• lithium hydroxide 0.41g
• step ii) (0.292g) in dichloromethane (6ml) was added NN-dimethylformamide (1.5ml), l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.183g), 1- hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (0.130g), N-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboximidamide (0.1 lOg) and triethylamine (0.161g). The reaction mixture was left to stir for 24 hours before removal of dichloromethane under reduced pressure.
• Step i 3- ⁇ 3-[(2-Thienylsulfonyl)methyl]-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl ⁇ propanoic acid (lZ)-N-hydroxy-2-(2-thienylsulfonyl)emanimidamide (0.250g) with dihydro-2,5- furandione (0.114g) in dimethylformamide (0.2ml) was heated at 120°C for 2 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool and triturated with diethyl ether and filtered to leave 3- ⁇ 3-[(2- thienylsulfonyl)methyl]-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl ⁇ propanoic acid (0.332g). MS (+veES) 303 ((M+H)*)
• Step ii N-[ 1 -(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3- ⁇ 3-[(2-thienylsulfonyl)methyl]- 1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl ⁇ propanamide hydrochloride 3- ⁇ 3-[(2-Thienylsulfonyl)methyl]-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl ⁇ propanoic acid (0.332g) in dichloromethane was stirred under nitrogen. Oxalyl chloride (0.252g) was added dropwise followed by the addition of one drop of dimethylformamide.
• Step i 3-[3-(4-Pyridinyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanoic acid
• N-hydroxy-4-pyridinecarboximidamide (0.300g) with dihydro-2,5-furandione (0.217g) in dimethylformamide (2 drops) was heated for 4 times 30 seconds in a CEM MARS 5 microwave at 100% of 300 W to leave a fused mass.
• the reaction was allowed to cool and triturated with ethanol and filtered to leave 3-[3 -(4-pyridinyl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl]propanoic acid (0.24 lg).
• Step ii N-[l-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-[3-(4-pyridinyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl]propanamide
• N-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarboximidamide (0.137g) with 3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4- dione (0.112g) in dimethylformamide (2 drops) was heated for 4 times 30 seconds in a
• This oil was purified by RPHPLC (75%-5%, 0.1% ammonium acetate/ acetonitrile). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to leave Cis-N-[l-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-[3-(2-pyridinyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl] cyclopropanecarboxamide (0.054g) as a white solid.
• Step ii N-[l-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-[3-(2-pyridinyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5- yl]propanamide
• the aqueous phase was acidified with glacial acetic acid, with the water/ acetic acid being removed under reduced pressure. Water was then added and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The pooled organic phases were extracted once with water and the water removed under reduced pressure to leave a white solid. This was then triturated with diethyl ether/ dichloromethane, filtered and was purified by RP ⁇ PLC (75%-5%, 0.1% ammonium acetate/ acetonitrile), solvent removed to leave N-[l- (3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-[3-(2-pyridinyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl]propanamide (0.02g).
• Example 357 N-[l-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-(3-phenyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl)acetamide (3-Phenyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl)acetic acid (0.020g) and ⁇ , ⁇ '-carbonyl diimidazole (0.016g) in dichloromethane was stirred under nitrogen for 30 minutes. l-(3,4- Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinamine hydrochloride (0.03 lg) and triethylamine (0.036g) was then added and allowed to stir for 1 hour under nitrogen.
• Step i Lithium [3-(2-pyridinyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]acetate 2-(5-Methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)pyridine (0.150g) was stirred at -78°C in dry tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen. (1.6M) n-butyl lithium (0.757ml) was added dropwise so as to maintain the temperature at -78°C. After 30 minutes carbon dioxide was passed through the solution and the reaction was allowed to return to room temperature. Once the reaction had reached room temperature, water (1ml) was added and all solvents were removed under reduced pressure to leave a yellow solid. This solid was triturated with ethyl acetate and filtered to leave a pale yellow solid (0.150g).
• Step ii N-[ 1 -(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-[3-(2-pyridinyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl] acetamide
• Lithium [3-(2-pyridinyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]acetate (0.140g), l-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4- piperidinamine (0.170g), PyBroPTM (0.400g) were stirred under nitrogen in dimethylformamide (15ml). ⁇ , ⁇ -Diisopropylethylamine (0.171g) was added and left to stir for 2 hours.
• Step ii l-(4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzyl)-4-piperidinamine tert-Butyl l-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzyl)-4-piperidinylcarbamate (1.80g) in dichloromethane (20ml) was stirred under nitrogen. Trifluoroacetic acid (5ml) was then added dropwise and the reaction was left to stir for 2 hours. 1M sodium hydroxide was added to the reaction until basic, with the resulting solution being extracted three times with dichloromethane. The pooled organic phases were washed once with water, once with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed under reduced pressure.
• Step i (2-Methylamino-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert -butyl ester
• methyliodide (1.94ml) dropwise over a period of 1 hour.
• the mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 72 hours before removal of solvents by evaporation.
• the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water.
• Step ii (2- ⁇ [ 1 -(3 ,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methyl-amino ⁇ -ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
• dichlorobenzyl- piperidin-4-one Example 74, step (i)
• acetic acid (1ml) in dichloromethane 100ml
• 2-methylamino-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (3.26g) and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes before addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (7.9g).
• Step iii N 1 - [ 1 -(3 ,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -N'-methyl-ethane- 1 ,2-diamine (2- ⁇ [ 1 -(3 ,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methyl-amino ⁇ -ethyl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester (1.7g) was dissolved in 6M HC1 (20ml) and stirred for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was azeotroped with toluene and then sodium bicarbonate solution was added. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and the product was extracted s with dichloromethane. The solvent was removed by evaporation to give the title compound (0.75g). MS: ESI 316/318 (+H)
• Step iv N-(2- ⁇ [ 1 -(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methyl-amino ⁇ -ethyl)-2-(2-fluoro- phenyl)-acetamide o
• Step ii N-(2- ⁇ [ 1 -(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methyl-amino ⁇ -ethyl)-2-(2-fluoro- phenyl)-acetamide o
• N'-[ 1 -(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)- piperidin-4-yl]-N / -methyl-ethane- 1, 2 -diamine and 2-fluorophenylacetic acid MS: ESI 452/454 (+H)
• Step ii N-[ 1 -(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamide
• 4-fluorophenylacetic acid (lOOmg) in tetrahydrofuran (3ml) was added carbonyldiimidazole (105mg).
• the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes before addition of [l-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methyl-amine (177mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2ml). Stirring was continued for 1 hour then solvent removed by evaporation.
• Step i 8-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran (4.92g) was stirred in hydrochloric acid (IM, 25 ml) for lhour. 3,4-Dichlorobenzylamine (5ml) was added to hydrochloric acid (IM, 15ml) and the resulting suspension was added to the first solution. Phosphate buffer solution (pH 5.5, 250ml) was added followed by sodium hydroxide (1.6g).
• Step i Endo-8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2. l]octan-3-amine 8-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (350mg) was dissolved in dry methanol (12ml) and ammonium acetate (lg) was added. The mixture was stirred to get partial solution and then sodium cyanoborohydride (106mg) was added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 150 minutes, then allowed to cool to room temperature.
• Step ii Endo-N-[8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-3-(2- pyridinyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-propanamide hydrochloride 3-(2 -Pyridinyl)- l,2,4-oxadiazole-5-propanoic acid (305mg) was suspended in dichloromethane (6ml) and oxalyl chloride (0.5ml) was added. The mixture was stirred overnight. Toluene (1ml) was added to the solution, the volatiles were evaporated, then the residue was redissolved in dichloromethane (2ml).
• Step iii 2-[4-(acetylamino)phenoxy]-N-[l-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl]- acetamide
• Step i Endo-8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octan-3-ol 8-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (330mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (5ml) and cooled to 0°C. Lithium tris (3-ethylpentyl-3- oxy)aluminohydride solution (0.5M, 2.5ml) was added dropwise and the mixture was allowed to attain room temperature overnight. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (ca 2g) was added and the suspension was stirred for lhour.
• Step ii Exo-2-[8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-lH-isoindole- l,3(2H)-dione Endo-8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol (556mg), phthalimide (321mg) and polymer bound triphenylphosphine (821mg) were combined in tetrahydrofuran (10ml). Diethylazodicaboxylate (330 ⁇ l) was added and the mixture was stirred gently overnight.
• Exo-2-[8-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-lH-isoindole- l,3(2H)-dione (90mg) was dissolved in ethanol (6ml) containing dichloromethane (3ml); hydrazine hydrate (0.2ml) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 26hours. The suspension was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to give the subtitle compound (55mg).
• Step ii: (R)-l-[l-(4-Bromophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinamine Prepared following the general method of Example 370 step (i) (R)-l-[l-(4- bromophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinone (420mg) ammonium acetate (0.80g) and sodium cyanoborohydride (120mg) to give the subtitle compound (449mg).
• 3-(2 -pyridinyl)- l,2,4-oxadiazole-5- propanoic acid 0.3 lg
• 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.20g)
• 4-( ⁇ , ⁇ -dime ⁇ hylamino)-pyridine (0.13g)
• l-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.30g) to give the title compound (40mg).
• the title compound was prepared from l-(3,4-dichloroberizyl)piperidine-4-amine (free base 187mg) , 3-(3-pyridinyl)propanal (125mg), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (70mg), and 0.02ml acetic acid, stirred together for 2hrs in dichloromethane (10ml). Water was added, the mixture neutralised with sodium bicarbonate and the organic phase separated, dried and chromatographed on silica with ethyl acetate/methanol (9: 1) as eluant, to give the title compound (70mg) as a colourless oil.
• the sub-title compound (800mg) was prepared from 3,4-dichlorobenzyl-4-piperidone (1.3g) tert-butyl 2-aminoethylcarbamate (0.8g), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (lOOmg), and 0.02ml acetic acid, stirred together for 2hrs in dichloromethane.
• the sub-titled compound was isolated by standard procedures.
• the title compound (30mg) was prepared from the product above (40mg) 3- methoxybenzoyl chloride (20mg) and triethylamine (50mg) using one of the methods described above.
• Human monocytes were isolated from EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood as previously described (Cunoosamy & Holbrook, J. Leukocyte Biology, 1998, S2, 13). Cells were resuspended (5xl0 6 ml "1 ) in LKS and loaded with 5 ⁇ M FLUO-3/AM + Pluronic F127 2.2 ⁇ l/ml (Molecular Probes) for one hour at room temperature. After loading, cells were centrifuged at 200g for 5min and resuspended in LKS at 0.5xl0 6 ml "1 . The cells were then transferred to 96 well FLIPr plates (Costar). To each well lOO ⁇ l of cells were added at a concentration of 0.5x10° ml "1 .
• the compounds of the Examples were found to be antagonists of the eotaxin mediated [Ca + ]i in human eosinophils and or antagonists of the MlP-l ⁇ mediated [Ca 2+ ]j in human monocytes.
• eosinophils Human eosinophils were isolated from EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood as previously described (Hansel et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 1991, 145. 105-110). The cells were resuspended at lOxlO 6 ml "1 in RPMI containing 200 IU/ml penicillin, 200 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin sulphate and supplemented with 10% HIFCS, at room temperature. Eosinophils (700 ⁇ l) were pre-incubated for 15 mins at 37° C with 7 ⁇ l of either vehicle or compound (lOOx required final concentration in 10% dimethylsulphoxide).
• the chemotaxis plate (ChemoTx, 3 ⁇ m pore, Neuroprobe) was loaded by adding 28 ⁇ l of a concenfration of eotaxin (0.1 to lOOnM) containing a concentration of a compound according to the Examples or solvent to the lower wells of the chemotaxis plate.
• the filter was then placed over the wells and 25 ⁇ l of eosinophil suspension were added to the top of the filter.
• the plate was incubated for 1 hr at 37° C in a humidified incubator with a 95% air/5% CO 2 atmosphere to allow chemotaxis.
• the medium containing cells that had not migrated, was carefully aspirated from above the filter and discarded.
• the filter was washed once with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 5 mM EDTA to remove any adherent cells.
• PBS phosphate buffered saline
• Cells that had migrated through the filter were pelleted by centrifugation (300xg for 5 mins at room temperature) and the filter removed and the supernatant transferred to each well of a 96-well plate (Costar).
• the pelleted cells were lysed by the addition of 28 ⁇ l of PBS containing 0.5% Triton xlOO followed by two cycles of freeze/thawing. The cell lysate was then added to the supernatant.
• the number of eosinophils migrating was quantified according to the method of Strath et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 1985, 83, 209 by measuring eosinophil peroxidase activity in the supernatant.
• Certain compounds of the Examples were found to be antagonists of the eotaxin mediated human eosinophil chemotaxis.

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