WO2001007582A1 - Milieux d'incubation de cellules tridimensionnelles et procede d'incubation des cellules faisant appel a ces milieux - Google Patents
Milieux d'incubation de cellules tridimensionnelles et procede d'incubation des cellules faisant appel a ces milieux Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001007582A1 WO2001007582A1 PCT/JP1999/006248 JP9906248W WO0107582A1 WO 2001007582 A1 WO2001007582 A1 WO 2001007582A1 JP 9906248 W JP9906248 W JP 9906248W WO 0107582 A1 WO0107582 A1 WO 0107582A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sugar chain
- cell culture
- culture substrate
- cell
- chain polymer
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- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0068—General culture methods using substrates
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/067—Hepatocytes
- C12N5/0671—Three-dimensional culture, tissue culture or organ culture; Encapsulated cells
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- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/10—Growth factors
- C12N2501/11—Epidermal growth factor [EGF]
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/30—Hormones
- C12N2501/33—Insulin
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/70—Polysaccharides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a three-dimensionally shaped cell culture substrate capable of expressing cell proliferation, morphology, and function in the same manner as cells in a living body, and a three-dimensional cell culture substrate. Related to the cell culture method used. Background technology
- proteodalicans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins on the cell wall of plant cells are examples of biopolymers having a sugar chain. They are, respectively, 1 cell stabilization, 2 cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, It is thought to be involved in migration, (3) cell-cell interaction and cell recognition, and various reports have been made. Furthermore, the mechanism by which these macromolecular sugar chains substitute, assist, amplify, regulate, or inhibit each other's functions and control sophisticated and precise biological reactions is gradually becoming clear.
- sugar chains have been shown to differentiate and proliferate cells, participate in cell adhesion, and have been clarified in relation to immunity and canceration of cells. Or, by developing new developments in close connection with organ engineering, development of various industries can be expected.
- research on the occurrence of diseases due to abnormal interactions between cell surface sugar chains and sugar chain receptors, and the role of sugar chains in the infection of viruses such as AIDS has been actively conducted (Takehiro Kawano) Bio Industry, 14, 22-30 (1997)).
- sugar chain recognition proteins such as selectin, contactin, and contact inhibin as molecules that mediate cell-cell adhesion is also important for understanding biological reactions. (Tsunei Takeuchi, Naoki Takahashi, Cell Engineering, 16,801-812 (1997)).
- the present inventors have been conducting intensive studies focusing on the cell-specific interaction of sugar chains, and for example, as a model for ligands for asia oral glycoprotein receptors, galactose Poly (N-p—vinylbenzyl [0— / 3—D—galacto viranosyl (1—4) -D-darconamide]) (Abbreviated as PVLA) and synthesized.
- PVLA galactose Poly
- hepatic parenchyma is induced via a specific affinity between PVLA and the sialoglycoprotein receptor on the liver parenchymal cell surface.
- the cells are selectively cultured, and even under the two-dimensional substrate environment called PVLA coating, it is confirmed that the hepatic parenchymal cells themselves have a three-dimensional shape and exist specifically as cell aggregates.
- PVLA coating since this PVLA has a structure in which polystyrene, which is a synthetic polymer, is used as the main chain, it has no biodegradability, has the possibility of expressing antigenicity, and has toxicity. It has the drawback that it has the potential.
- the present invention provides a three-dimensional cell culture substrate formed in a three-dimensional shape that promotes cell engraftment and proliferation, maintains and improves cell functions, and can maintain cell morphology close to that of a living body.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cell culture method using the three-dimensional cell culture substrate.
- a cell culture substrate comprising a sugar chain polymer in which at least one type of sugar chain is bound as a side chain via a spacer molecule is formed into a three-dimensional shape. It is a three-dimensional cell culture substrate characterized by this.
- the present invention provides a method for culturing cells using the three-dimensional cell culture substrate.
- a cell culture method characterized by maintaining and improving cell growth, morphology and function by feeding.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of albumin produced and the number of days of culture for LA_AG gel beads and gel beads containing only alginic acid.
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph showing the morphology of hepatic parenchymal cells cultured on a collagen coating plate.
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph showing the morphology of hepatocytes cultured on LA-AG gel beads.
- the three-dimensional cell culture substrate of the present invention has a sugar chain macromolecule as a main chain, and a sugar chain linked to the main chain via a spacer molecule as a side chain.
- a general structural formula when diamine is used as a spacer molecule is shown in the following formula (1).
- [] indicates a sugar-chain polymer, and a sugar-chain polymer having a hydroxyl group such as alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, pectic acid, or a derivative thereof is preferable. It can be used properly.
- Pectic acid containing pectic acid as a main component can also be used.
- various sugar chain polymers other than these can be used as long as sugar chains can be introduced as side chains, and various sugar chain high molecules can be used. Chain polymers are widely used as materials for foods and cosmetics, and are particularly preferred because of their good affinity for cells.
- a molecular weight of the sugar chain polymer of about 30,000 to 200,000 can be preferably used. If the molecular weight is too low, it will be in a sol state, which tends to make it difficult to form a three-dimensional shape.
- R in the above formula (1) represents a sugar chain bonded as a side chain to the sugar chain polymer.
- any sugar chain can be used as long as it can hold a sugar residue that interacts with a cell in a state of being bonded to a sugar chain polymer as a side chain.
- the link between the sugar chain polymer and the sugar chain is made through a single molecule, and the spacer is, as shown in the above formula (1), an amino group in the molecule.
- Diamines having two groups are preferably used. That is, an amide bond is formed between one amino group in diamine and the terminal carboxyl group of a lactonized sugar chain, and the other amino group in diamine is formed.
- R 'in one molecule of the spacer represents an alkyl group or a benzene ring.
- diamine examples include ethylenediamine, hexaethylenediamine, and diaminoxylene. And the like.
- compounds having two functional groups in the molecule such as aminoethanol, can also be used as a spacer molecule.
- aminoethanol an amino group and a hydroxyl group in the molecule can bond a sugar chain polymer and a sugar chain by an amide bond and an ester bond, respectively.
- a sugar chain high molecule into which a spacer molecule is introduced in advance may be bound to a sugar chain, or a sugar chain into which a spacer molecule has been introduced in advance may be bound to a sugar chain polymer.
- a spacer molecule is not necessarily required.
- the amount of sugar chain introduced into the sugar chain polymer is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to introduce the sugar chain to about 10 to 50% of the number of carboxyl groups in the sugar chain polymer. .
- one kind of sugar chain may be introduced into the sugar chain polymer, or two or more kinds of sugar chains may be introduced.
- Different types of cells have specific sugar chain recognizing properties, so when using a sugar chain polymer into which two or more types of sugar chains with different cell recognizing properties are introduced as a culture substrate, combine them. By controlling the types of sugar chains and their introduction ratio, it is possible to arbitrarily control cell proliferation, morphology and function.
- sugar chain polymer When two or more types of sugar chains are linked to a sugar chain polymer, different types of sugar chains can be linked to the sugar chain polymer at the same time, or one type of sugar chain can be linked to a sugar chain high polymer. After binding to the molecule, another type of sugar The chain can be subsequently linked to a sugar chain polymer.
- sugar chain polymer having a sugar chain introduced as a side chain will be described below with reference to the structural formula.
- the binding of the sugar chain to the sugar chain polymer occurs randomly because it is a reaction between the high molecule and the low molecule, and is not necessarily limited to the bonding position shown in the figure.
- LA-AG Mido-alginic acid
- lactobionic acid is bonded to one amino group of ethylenediamine, and the other amino group and the carboxyl group of alginic acid.
- LA-HA One methylamido hyaluronic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as LA-HA) is a compound that binds lactobionic acid to one amino group of ethylendiamine and the other amino group. And a carboxy group of hyaluronic acid.
- LA-PA Doctatin
- an arbitrary sugar chain R is bonded to one amino group of an arbitrary chemical compound, and the other amino group and a carboxyl group of alginic acid are combined. It is a compound obtained by binding c
- an arbitrary sugar chain R is bonded to one amino group of an arbitrary spacer compound, and the other amino group and the carboxyl of hyaluronic acid are combined. It is a compound with a group attached.
- an arbitrary sugar chain R is bonded to one amino group of an arbitrary chemical compound, and the other amino group is combined with an amino group.
- a compound to which the carboxyl group of an acid is bonded c a three-dimensional shape is formed by shaping a cell culture substrate made of a sugar chain polymer having sugar chains linked as side chains as described above into a three-dimensional shape. It is used as a cell culture substrate.
- the three-dimensional shape shaping method is a known method described in various documents as a method for shaping a general sugar chain polymer (a sugar chain polymer having no sugar chain bonded as a side chain). Can be adopted.
- a culture substrate in which alginic acid is a sugar chain polymer by adding calcium to the culture substrate solution, gel-like beads are formed from the culture substrate and calcium complex. You can do it.
- the concentrated solution of the culture medium is treated with ultraviolet light, radiation, a chemical crosslinking agent, etc. to crosslink the hyaluronic acid and then freeze-dried.
- a sponge of a culture substrate can be prepared by crosslinking after freeze-drying.
- a sponge can be obtained by mixing a solution of a culture substrate containing alginic acid as a high molecular weight sugar molecule with a calcium solution, homogenizing the mixture, and freeze-drying the mixture.
- a culture substrate can be supported on a carrier such as polystyrene by a physicochemical method such as adsorption or a chemical method such as covalent bond to form a three-dimensional shape. it can.
- a sugar chain polymer in which sugar chains are bonded as side chains and a general sugar chain polymer (in which sugar chains are bonded as side chains are used.
- a cell culture substrate composed of a mixture with no sugar chain polymer composed of a mixture with no sugar chain polymer.
- a conventionally used cell culture method may be employed as it is.
- a three-dimensional cell culture substrate consisting of gel-like beads
- mix the cell suspension in the cell culture substrate solution add calcium to this, and shape the beads.
- gel beads containing cells can be prepared, and the beads may be cultured in a liquid medium.
- a cell suspension may be seeded on a sponge-shaped three-dimensional cell culture substrate prepared in advance, cells may be introduced into and encapsulated in the sponge, and this may be cultured by a conventional method.
- LA-ED Gluconamide] Methyl — 2 — N '— Methylamine
- lactose was lactonized by the method described in M. Goto, et al., J. Controlled Release, 28, 223-233 (1994). The outline is as follows. Disperse lactate in distilled water and dilute with methanol. The diluted dispersion is added to the heated methanol solution of iodine, and after stirring, the potassium hydroxide / methanol solution is gradually added until the iodine color disappears. Subsequently, the reaction solution is ice-cooled, and the deposited precipitate is collected by filtration. The precipitate is washed and recrystallized to obtain a potassium salt.
- the obtained potassium salt is made into an acid form by passing it through an ion exchange resin, methanol is added to the fraction of the acid form, and the fraction is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crystals.
- the operation of dissolving the crystals in a small amount of methanol, adding ether and precipitating was repeated several times, and the precipitate was freeze-dried to lactose. I got a lacton.
- Hepatic parenchymal cells were obtained from mouse liver according to the method described in the literature (A. Kobayashi, M. Goto, K. Kobayashi, T. Akaike, J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer Edn, 6, 325-342 (1994)). And collected and isolated. Isolated 5% hepatic parenchymal cells It was used after dilution with William's medium E containing fetal serum.
- the plate was washed several times with a CHES buffer (pH 5.0), and further washed several times with a physiological saline solution.
- the surface of the gel beads was treated with a 0.05% poly-L-lysine saline solution for 5 minutes, and then washed several times with a saline solution.
- the surface of the gel beads was coated with a 0.15% alginate aqueous solution for 5 minutes, and then washed several times with physiological saline. Further, the beads were treated with a 5 O mM aqueous sodium citrate solution for 5 minutes, and then washed three times with a physiological saline solution to prepare cell-containing LA-AG beads.
- LA-AG Depending on the content of the sugar chain to be introduced into LA-AG, it is also possible to form the beads alone with LA-AG without mixing LA-AG and alginic acid.
- a saline solution containing only alginic acid was used instead of the above-mentioned saline solution mixed with alginic acid and LA-AG. (2%, w / v), the cells were treated in exactly the same manner as above to produce cell-containing alginate beads.
- the function of hepatocytes in the gel beads was evaluated based on the amount of albumin produced from hepatocytes.
- Albumin was measured in accordance with a standard method using an albumin measurement kit (Biorad, USA) o
- Figure 1 shows the results of measurement of albumin production. Liver parenchymal cells cultured on LA-AG gel beads produced 0.0158 ⁇ gZmL of albumin on day 8 of culture, whereas those cultured on gel beads containing only alginate. Was 0.00765 6gZmL. This indicates that the function of liver parenchymal cells was maintained and improved when cultured with LA-AG gel beads.
- hepatocytes are two-dimensional In contrast to the extended morphology seen when cultured on a collagen-coated collagen plate (see the micrograph in Fig. 2), the morphology when cultured on three-dimensional LA-AG gel beads ( (See the micrograph in Fig. 3). This indicates that when hepatic parenchymal cells are cultured in LA-AG gel beads, the morphology of hepatic parenchymal cells in vivo is maintained.
- Example 3 Culture of liver parenchymal cells using LA-AG sponge
- an alginic acid sponge was prepared by treating in the same manner as described above using an aqueous solution of alginic acid alone (2%, w / V) instead of the mixed aqueous solution of LA-AG and alginic acid.
- Mouse liver parenchymal cells were collected and isolated by the method described in Example 2, and the cells were subjected to FCS (5%, v / v), EGF (20 ng ZmL), Ins. amount of parentheses 0- 8 M), respectively
- FCS 5%, v / v
- EGF 20 ng ZmL
- the medium was added to the thus-contained William medium E, and seeded on a sponge so that the cell concentration was 800,000 ce 11 s / mL. This was incubated for a predetermined time, and the function of hepatic parenchymal cells cultured on a sponge was evaluated by measuring the amount of albumin produced.
- Hepatic parenchymal cells cultured with LA_AG sponge had an albumin production of 0.0144 ug ZmL on day 8 of culture, whereas a sponge containing only alginic acid had a production of 0.005. 4 4 ug Zml.
- Example 4 Culture of hepatic parenchymal cells using LA-HA sponge
- Example 1 The synthesis was performed according to the LA-AG synthesis method of Example 1. That is, hyaluronic acid was dissolved in 50 mL of TEMED buffer (pH 4.7), 0.97 g of WSC was added as a condensing agent, and the mixture was stirred and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. Was. To this solution, add the L A —ED obtained in Example 1.
- LA — HA (1%, w / V) and here Luronic acid (1%, w / v) was mixed and dispersed in a 0.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- Luronic acid 1%, w / v
- crosslinking agent 1,4-butangetano-l-diglycidyl ether
- a hyaluronic acid sponge was prepared in exactly the same manner as described above, except that hyaluronic acid was used instead of LA-HA and hyaluronic acid.
- Mouse liver parenchymal cells were collected and isolated according to the method described in Example 2, and the cells were subjected to FCS (5%, v / v), EGF (20 ng / ml), Ins. was added 0- 8 M) to c i Li am medium E containing the earthenware pots by the amount in parentheses, respectively, were seeded to a spot on Nji cell concentration becomes 8 00000 ce 1 1 s Zm L . This was incubated for a predetermined time, and the function of hepatic parenchymal cells cultured on a sponge was evaluated by measuring the amount of albumin produced.
- the amount of albumin produced was 0.0166 g Zml, whereas that of the sponge containing only hyaluronic acid was 0.048383 g gml.
- the three-dimensional cell culture substrate of the present invention is composed of a sugar chain polymer in which sugar chains having specific recognizability by cells are linked as side chains. Therefore, culturing cells using such a cell culture substrate promotes cell engraftment and proliferation due to the specific interaction between cells and sugar chains, and enhances cell function. Cell morphology can be maintained and improved, and the cell morphology can be maintained close to that in a living body. Therefore, it is possible to obtain cells of any form maintaining the same proliferative properties and functions as in vivo, and it is also possible to apply the cells to, for example, a hybrid artificial liver.
- the cell culture substrate of the present invention can easily give a three-dimensional shape, similarly to a sugar chain polymer such as alginic acid or hyaluronic acid having no sugar chain bonded thereto.
- a sugar chain polymer such as alginic acid or hyaluronic acid having no sugar chain bonded thereto.
- the sugar chain can be easily introduced as a side chain, and the production cost is relatively inexpensive. It can be a one-size product.
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IL14206499A IL142064A0 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-11-10 | A three-dimensional cell culture material |
KR1020017003668A KR20010075288A (ko) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-11-10 | 3차원 세포 배양 물질 및 이것을 사용한 세포 배양 방법 |
US09/787,239 US6642050B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-11-10 | Three-dimensional cell culture material having sugar polymer containing cell recognition sugar chain |
EP99973970A EP1123975A4 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-11-10 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL CELL INCUBATION MEDIA AND CELL INCUBATION METHOD USING THE SAME |
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JP11213465A JP2001037472A (ja) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-07-28 | 三次元細胞培養基材及びそれを用いた細胞培養方法 |
JP11/213465 | 1999-07-28 |
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US9975118B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2018-05-22 | Seng Enterprises Ltd. | Device for the study of living cells |
JP5721319B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-17 | 2015-05-20 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 軟骨細胞培養基材及び培養方法 |
JP5945802B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2016-07-05 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | 複合型肝細胞組織体およびその作製方法 |
CN105492595B (zh) * | 2013-06-24 | 2021-02-12 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 细胞培养制品及其方法 |
JP2018520662A (ja) * | 2015-06-08 | 2018-08-02 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 細胞培養のための可消化基体 |
KR20200085870A (ko) * | 2017-11-21 | 2020-07-15 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | 세포 배양용 분해가능한 폼 세포지지체 및 그 제조방법 |
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EP0358506A2 (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-14 | MARROW-TECH INCORPORATED (a Delaware corporation) | Three-dimensional cell and tissue culture system |
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IT1219587B (it) | 1988-05-13 | 1990-05-18 | Fidia Farmaceutici | Polisaccaridi carbossiilici autoreticolati |
WO1993009176A2 (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1993-05-13 | Clover Consolidated, Limited | Crosslinkable polysaccharides, polycations and lipids useful for encapsulation and drug release |
US5308641A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-05-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | Biocompatibility of solid surfaces |
EP0907721A1 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1999-04-14 | Brown University Research Foundation | Hyaluronan based biodegradable scaffolds for tissue repair |
IT1293484B1 (it) | 1997-06-11 | 1999-03-01 | Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Srl | Materiale biologico comprendente una efficiente coltura di cellule e una matrice tridimensionale biocompatibile e biodegradabile |
US6630457B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2003-10-07 | Orthogene Llc | Functionalized derivatives of hyaluronic acid, formation of hydrogels in situ using same, and methods for making and using same |
-
1999
- 1999-07-28 JP JP11213465A patent/JP2001037472A/ja active Pending
- 1999-11-10 WO PCT/JP1999/006248 patent/WO2001007582A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-10 IL IL14206499A patent/IL142064A0/xx unknown
- 1999-11-10 KR KR1020017003668A patent/KR20010075288A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-11-10 CN CN99811448A patent/CN1320162A/zh active Pending
- 1999-11-10 EP EP99973970A patent/EP1123975A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-10 US US09/787,239 patent/US6642050B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1985001743A1 (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-04-25 | Gullfiber Ab | Aerobic microbiological method |
EP0358506A2 (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-14 | MARROW-TECH INCORPORATED (a Delaware corporation) | Three-dimensional cell and tissue culture system |
JPH02131578A (ja) * | 1988-11-11 | 1990-05-21 | Kohjin Co Ltd | 微生物固定化担体 |
WO1993016176A1 (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-19 | Bio-Metric Systems, Inc. | Immobilization of chemical species in crosslinked matrices |
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EP1123975A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
CN1320162A (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
IL142064A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
EP1123975A4 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
KR20010075288A (ko) | 2001-08-09 |
US6642050B1 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
JP2001037472A (ja) | 2001-02-13 |
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