WO2001004965A1 - Dispositif emetteur de rayons ultraviolets a diamant - Google Patents
Dispositif emetteur de rayons ultraviolets a diamant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001004965A1 WO2001004965A1 PCT/JP2000/004208 JP0004208W WO0104965A1 WO 2001004965 A1 WO2001004965 A1 WO 2001004965A1 JP 0004208 W JP0004208 W JP 0004208W WO 0104965 A1 WO0104965 A1 WO 0104965A1
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- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- ultraviolet light
- emitting device
- vapor
- light emitting
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001748 luminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005136 cathodoluminescence Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;cerium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce].[O-][N+]([O-])=O HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005271 boronizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001657 homoepitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/34—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
- H05B33/145—Arrangements of the electroluminescent material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using vapor-phase synthetic diamond that emits ultraviolet light that can be used in fields such as optical information recording / reading processing, photolithography, optical processing, and a phosphor excitation light source.
- Ultraviolet light has a short wavelength and can be used for microfabrication because it has a short wavelength.For example, it can be used in optical recording / readout processing to increase the recording density, and used in semiconductor microfabrication equipment to increase the mounting density. Demand.
- Examples of the ultraviolet light source include a deuterium lamp and an excimer laser.
- deuterium lamps emit UV light with low efficiency and low brightness.
- Excimer lasers are large in size, require water cooling, are inconvenient to handle because they use gas, and some use hazardous substances (halogens).
- the conventional ultraviolet light source has various inconveniences in use.
- Diamond has also been known as a material that emits ultraviolet light. This diamond ultraviolet light emitting device is small, has high efficiency and high brightness, and is excellent in safety.
- Conventional diamond light-emitting devices include, for example, (1) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-240784, (2) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-307478, and (3) Japanese Patent Application It is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 30624.
- These conventional diamond light emitting devices dope boron into diamond.
- ultraviolet light emission due to impurities or lattice defects is dominant, and free exciton recombination light emission at a short wavelength of 235 nm inherent to diamond is dominant.
- free exciton recombination light emission at a short wavelength of 235 nm inherent to diamond is dominant.
- the emission peaks of different wavelengths induced by the introduction of impurities and defects consume a part of the injection energy, and also reduce the efficiency of useful ultraviolet light emission. For these reasons, Light emission due to pure materials and defects is not practical as a mechanism of a current injection type light emitting device.
- free exciton recombination light emission is a unique light emission in each material, and generally has the shortest wavelength and the highest state density among the light emission obtained from the material. Is most desirable in realizing In diamond, the unique spectrum related to free exciton recombination emission has been investigated by analytical methods such as the CL method.
- the energy of free exciton recombination emission of diamond at room temperature corresponds to a wavelength of 229 nm, but actually appears around 235 nm, 242 nm, N 249 nm and 257 nm
- Light emission of the phonon sideband group is mainly observed. Generally, all of these are referred to as "free exciton recombination light emission". Particularly preferable as an ultraviolet light emitting element is light emission having an energy of around 235 nm. It is called “free exciton recombination emission”. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a current injection pumping light emitting device in which free exciton recombination light emission having a short wavelength unique to diamond is dominant, using a vapor-phase synthetic diamond.
- the intensity of free exciton recombination light emission (235 nm), which is the original light emission of diamond, is high.
- the intensity is clearly smaller than the intensity of the constrained exciton emission (238 nm), which is one example of the cause of impurities and defects, and is a fraction of that.
- the free exciton recombination emission is larger than the emission intensity of the bound exciter, which is one example of the cause of impurities and defects, and is several times or more in intensity ratio. It is characterized by the fact that free exciton recombination luminescence is defined as the dominant ultraviolet luminescence.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing a light emitting state of a diamond light emitting device according to the present invention and a conventional diamond light emitting device by current injection in an ultraviolet region.
- the solid line shows the characteristics of the diamond light emitting device according to the present invention, and the broken line shows the characteristics of the conventional diamond light emitting device.
- a main peak appears at 235 nm, which is light emission due to free exciton recombination light emission. It is extremely large compared to the intensity of 238 nm, which is the emission of electrons.
- the conventional diamond light-emitting device has a main peak at 238 nm, which is a constrained exciton emission, which is an example of the cause of impurities and defects. At some 235 nm, the intensity is decreasing.
- ultraviolet light emission in which free exciton recombination light emission is dominant can be obtained.
- the invention of claim 1 is a diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device in which free exciton recombination light emission, which emits light when excited by current injection, is dominant.
- free exciton recombination light emission is dominant in current injection light emission when the free exciton light is emitted in a wavelength region of 300 nm or less.
- Recombination luminescence peak intensity is defined as at least two times greater than the other emission peak intensities.
- the nitrogen concentration in the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is 90 ppm or less.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nitrogen concentration in the plasma during the synthesis of the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is represented by a ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms to the number of carbon atoms. It was set to 200 ppm or less.
- the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is a single crystal.
- the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is obtained by homoepitaxially growing the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is a polycrystal.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the crystal on the growth surface side is used as the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal.
- the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal in the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, can obtain free exciton recombination light emission in a CL spectrum at room temperature. is there.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is free of charge in a CL spectrum at 190 ° C.
- the intensity ratio of the exciton recombination luminescence to the visible light luminescence was 0.2 times or more.
- the invention according to claim 11 is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a conductive layer is formed on the surface of the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal, and an electrode is formed on the conductive layer.
- the invention according to claim 12 is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the surface of the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is terminated with hydrogen to form a conductive layer. An electrode was formed on the hydrogen termination layer.
- the invention according to claim 13 is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein boron is added to the vapor-phase synthetic diamond crystal to impart conductivity.
- the boron concentration in the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is set to 6 Oppm or less.
- the invention according to claim 15 is the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the amount of boron introduced into the plasma during the synthesis of the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is determined by the number of boron atoms / carbon. The atomic ratio was set to 100 ppm or less.
- the invention according to claim 16 is the diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the effective acceptor concentration in the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is determined by infrared absorption spectroscopy at 20 ppm. It was as follows.
- the invention according to claim 17 is the diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal is free from CL spectrum at 190 ° C.
- the peak intensity of exciton recombination luminescence is 0.1 times or more that of boron-bound exciton recombination luminescence.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using a hydrogen-terminated diamond polycrystalline film according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process for producing a diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device using a vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of free exciton recombination light emission (ultraviolet light emission) by current injection in the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using a hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal film according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a CL spectrum diagram of the diamond single crystal film according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of free exciton recombination light emission (ultraviolet light emission) by current injection in a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using the hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal film according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a current-voltage characteristic diagram of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using the hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal film according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using a boron-doped diamond single crystal film according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram of free exciton recombination light emission (ultraviolet light emission) by current injection of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using the boron-doped diamond single crystal film according to the present invention. You.
- FIG. 10 is a luminescence characteristic diagram illustrating the intensity of free exciton recombination luminescence between a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using a vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal according to the present invention and a conventional diamond ultraviolet light emitting device.
- FIG. 1 (A) is a plan view schematically showing a state in which a large number of electrodes are provided on a diamond crystal substrate
- FIG. 1 (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1 (A). It is sectional drawing which expands and shows typically.
- this embodiment is referred to as a first embodiment.
- This free exciton recombination light-emitting ultraviolet light-emitting device is formed using a diamond polycrystalline film whose surface is hydrogen-terminated.
- the diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device 10 using a hydrogen-terminated diamond polycrystalline film is composed of a high-quality diamond crystal layer 1 obtained by vapor-phase synthesis that contains only trace amounts of impurities and lattice defects other than dopants. It is composed of a surface conductive layer 2 that has been treated to provide electrical conductivity, a first electrode 4 formed on the hydrogen termination layer, and a second electrode 5.
- the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are composed of a chromium (Cr) layer 31 provided on the hydrogen-terminated layer 2 to improve the adhesion to diamond, and gold (Au) Layer 32.
- the diamond crystal layer 1 of the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 10 using a hydrogen-terminated diamond polycrystalline film is formed on a molybdenum (Mo) substrate by using an inductively coupled high-frequency thermal plasma gas-phase synthesis method (RF thermal plasma CVD method). Manufactured.
- This diamond crystal layer 1 is formed as a non-added gas-phase synthetic crystal, and forms a high-quality diamond crystal containing only trace amounts of impurities and lattice defects.
- This diamond thick film is produced under the following growth conditions.
- Molybdenum (Mo) plate diameter: 50 mm, thickness: 5 mm Film thickness: 100 / m
- the Mo substrate on which the diamond thick film was formed was dissolved using an acid to obtain a free-standing diamond film.
- Raman scattering The phenomenon in which photons irradiated into the sample interact with phonons in the crystal and are emitted as photons whose wavelength is shifted by the energy of the phonons is called Raman scattering.
- Raman scattering spectroscopy is a sample evaluation method that obtains information on lattice defects, stress, impurities, etc. in crystals by spectrally decomposing and measuring the emitted light (scattered light).
- Raman scattering spectroscopy is useful for crystal evaluation of ultraviolet light-emitting devices that use free exciton recombination luminescence excited by current injection of diamond as the main luminescence.
- CL measurement is a sample evaluation method in which a sample placed in a vacuum is irradiated with an electron beam, and the luminescence emitted from the sample at that time is measured as a spectrum.
- the spectrum obtained varies depending on the sample temperature.
- the free exciton recombination luminescence observed in this evaluation method is also inhibited by the presence of low concentrations of lattice defects and impurities, so the higher the luminescence intensity, the higher the perfection of diamond.
- ultraviolet emission due to free exciton recombination which is the original emission of diamond, is strongly generated on the growth surface side (front side) of the diamond, and is caused by impurities and defects.
- Light emission in a certain visible region becomes stronger on the side in contact with the substrate (back side).
- the growth surface of the polycrystalline diamond crystal had few defects and was of high quality, and that the side in contact with the substrate had much lower crystallinity.
- the diamond film (polycrystalline diamond crystal) 1 prepared by the RF thermal plasma CVD method has a flat surface on the side in contact with the substrate, but has severe irregularities on the growth side. Polished and smoothed.
- a diamond film 1 having both surfaces flattened is cut into a plate shape of about 1 mm ⁇ 2 mm. Since this non-added gas-phase synthesized diamond film 1 is insulative, the surface is hydrogen-terminated in hydrogen plasma by a microwave plasma gas-phase synthesizer (MW-CVD) in order to impart electrical conductivity. To process. By this treatment, the surface of the diamond film 1 is terminated with hydrogen and exhibits conductivity.
- MW-CVD microwave plasma gas-phase synthesizer
- a method of terminating the surface of a vapor-phase synthetic diamond film with hydrogen is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-139.
- hydrogen termination means a state in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to dangling bonds of carbon atoms on the surface of the grown diamond crystal, that is, excess bonds, and terminated.
- a diamond crystal terminated with hydrogen can be obtained by treating a diamond crystal in hydrogen plasma.
- the surface hydrogen termination treatment is performed under the following conditions.
- the hydrogen gas continues to flow during cooling, further improving the processing integrity.
- An electrode is formed on the hydrogen-terminated layer of the hydrogen-terminated diamond crystal film. The electrode fabrication procedure will be described with reference to FIG.
- the polished surface 11 of the high-quality vapor-phase synthetic diamond film 1 peeled off from the substrate is hydrogen-terminated by the above-described processing to form a hydrogen-terminated layer 2 (Fig. 2 (A)).
- the diamond film 1 was sputtered for 20 seconds at a substrate temperature of 200 ° C., 500 V, 1 A in a direct current sputtering apparatus using chromium (Cr) as a target, and A Cr layer 31 having a thickness of 50 OA is formed. Then, gold (Au)
- a positive photoresist layer is formed on the Au layer 32 by, for example, spin coating, dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes in the air, and then exposed to unnecessary light using a mask aligner. Exposure, remove the exposed area with photoresist developer, and in air
- a resist mask 6 is formed (FIG. 2 (C)).
- This step may, for example photoresist viscosity 1 0 0 C p, when between the rotation number 3 5 0 0 rpm, 1 5 seconds, was performed by UV exposure 2 0 O m J / cm 2 .
- the Au layer 32 and the Cr layer 31 are etched to form the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 (FIG. 2 (D)).
- the etching of the Au layer 32 is performed using an aqueous solution of ammonium iodide, and the etching of the Cr layer 31 is performed using cerium nitrate ammonium. Treat with a monium aqueous solution.
- the resist 6 is removed using acetone, and the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 10 using the hydrogen-terminated diamond polycrystalline film shown in FIG. 1 is formed.
- Figure 3 shows the measurement results of the free exciton recombination luminescence spectrum, which explains the state of free exciton recombination luminescence.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm), and the vertical axis represents emission intensity (arbitrary scale). I have.
- an electrode was added to the growth surface side because the crystallinity on the growth surface side increased during the diamond film synthesis.
- the measurement was performed at room temperature by applying a DC voltage of 220 V between the adjacent electrodes 4 and 5 and flowing a current of 1.0 mA.
- Example 2 a diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device using a hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal film, which is a vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal obtained by homoepitaxial growth on a diamond substrate by microwave plasma vapor phase synthesis (MW-CVD) Will be described.
- MW-CVD microwave plasma vapor phase synthesis
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a partially enlarged cross section of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 100 using a hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal, and its plan shape is almost the same as FIG. 1 (A). Omitted.
- the diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device 100 using a hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal is formed by forming a high-quality diamond single-crystal film 13 on the surface of a high-pressure diamond crystal 12 by homoepitaxy growth.
- a hydrogen-terminated layer 2 exhibiting electrical conductivity is provided by terminating the surface of 3 with hydrogen, and electrodes 4 and 5 are provided thereon similarly to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are composed of a chromium layer 31 and a gold layer 32, respectively.
- the diamond crystal film was formed by homoepitaxial growth using a MW-CVD apparatus under the following conditions. [Growth conditions]
- Substrate lb (100) high pressure diamond crystal
- the homeepitaxial film is used for the whole substrate in the subsequent processes and measurements.
- the surface is subjected to hydrogen termination under the following conditions to impart electrical conductivity.
- the electrode is placed on the hydrogen-terminated layer 2 of the hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal 13 obtained by the above process.
- the horizontal axis shows the wavelength (nm: ultraviolet region to visible light region), and the vertical axis shows the CL emission intensity measured at -190 in vacuum on an arbitrary scale.
- the current injection luminescence was measured by applying a DC voltage of 220 V between the adjacent electrodes 4 and 5 and flowing 50 ° A.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the state of free exciton recombination luminescence using a hydrogen-terminated diamond single crystal film in the ultraviolet region of free exciton recombination luminescence by current injection (EL) at room temperature.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis represents emission intensity (arbitrary scale).
- a clear peak near 235 nm is present in the diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device using a hydrogen-terminated MW-CVD homoepitaxially grown diamond single crystal film, and free exciton recombination light emission is observed. Have been obtained.
- the emission peak due to impurities and lattice defects is below the observable intensity.
- FIG. 7 shows voltage-current characteristics of the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 100 using the hydrogen-terminated MW-CVD homoepitaxially grown diamond single crystal film shown in FIG.
- a diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device was constructed using boron-doped MW-CVD homoepitaxially grown diamond crystals grown on a high-pressure diamond crystal substrate by adding boron (B) by MW-CVD. An example will be described.
- Example 3 It is known that diamond becomes a p-type semiconductor when boron is added and has electrical conductivity. However, in the present invention, the addition of boron is performed to impart electric conductivity to the crystal to form a current injection type element, not to obtain light emission due to boron. Hereinafter, this is referred to as Example 3.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a partially enlarged cross section of a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 110 using a boron-doped diamond single crystal, and a plan view thereof is omitted because it is almost the same as FIG. 1 (A). I do.
- the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 110 using a boron-doped diamond single crystal is formed by forming a high-quality boron-doped diamond single crystal film 21 on the surface of a high-pressure diamond crystal 12 by homeotropic growth.
- an electrode 4 and an electrode 5 are provided. Electrode 4,
- 5 comprises a chromium layer 31 and a gold layer 32 respectively.
- Substrate lb (100) high pressure diamond crystal
- a voltage of 150 V was applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device 110 using the boron-doped diamond single crystal film thus obtained, and a current of about 1 mA was injected. .
- Example 3 a boron-doped diamond single-crystal film grown on a diamond substrate was used as the boron-doped diamond crystal film, but other substrates such as silicon-metal can be used. May be a single crystal or a polycrystal.
- Table 1 shows the emission characteristics of diamond ultraviolet light emitting devices using vapor-grown diamond crystals obtained by the RF thermal plasma CVD method and the MW-CVD method.
- the light emitting devices of the sample examples 4 and 5 and the comparative example 1 were manufactured by the MW-C VD method as in the example 2.
- the only difference between the fabrication methods is the following synthesis conditions.
- Example 4 methane concentration; 1.0%, MW output; 500 W
- Example 5 methane concentration; 0.30%, MW output; 500 W
- Comparative Example 1 Methane concentration; 0.50%, MW output; 400 W
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were manufactured by the RF-CVD method as in Example 1. The difference between the fabrication methods is that each uses the surface of the free-standing diamond film on the substrate side. Comparative Example 2 was used without polishing, and Comparative Example 3 was used by polishing the surface by about one. table 1
- columns 2 and 3 show the crystallinity evaluation by CL spectrum measurement, and column 2 shows the peak intensity FE of free exciton recombination luminescence at 190 ° C and impurities / defects.
- the ratio of the peak intensity VB of visible light emission (FE / VB) is shown.
- the third column shows the presence or absence of detection of free exciton recombination light emission at room temperature.
- the fourth column shows the presence or absence of free exciton recombination emission due to current injection.
- the FE / VB was 0.2, 6.7, and 34, respectively, in the crystal evaluation by the CL method at 190 ° C. , Was more than 100.
- the crystal evaluation by the CL method at room temperature free exciton recombination luminescence was clearly detected. In this case, the free exciton recombination emission was clearly obtained by current injection at room temperature.
- Table 2 shows the results of measuring the relationship between the amount of introduced nitrogen atoms and the presence or absence of current injection free exciton recombination with respect to the amount of carbon atoms in the atmosphere during vapor phase synthesis of the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device during the synthesis of diamond crystals.
- Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 all use a hydrogen-terminated MW-CVD homoepitaxially grown diamond single crystal film.
- the only difference between the fabrication methods is the amount of nitrogen added to the plasma atmosphere under the following conditions.
- Example 2 The ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms / the number of carbon atoms; 100 ppm or less
- Example 6 Ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms / the number of carbon atoms; 200 ppm
- Comparative Example 5 Ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms / the number of carbon atoms; 20000 ppm
- Example 2 nitrogen was not intentionally added, but the results of analysis of the hydrogen and main gas components used in the synthesis and the nitrogen concentration calculated from the leak amount of the synthesis device are described. Table 2
- the nitrogen concentration in the sample of Example 6 was measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry, a value of 90 ppm was obtained. Therefore, it can be understood that the nitrogen concentration in the crystal must be 90 ppm or less in order to produce a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device.
- Table 3 to Table 5 show the results of measurements of the relationship between the amount of boron atoms introduced to the amount of carbon atoms in the atmosphere and the presence or absence of current injection free exciton recombination with respect to the amount of carbon atoms in the atmosphere during vapor-phase synthesis of diamond diamond light-emitting devices. Shown in
- Table 3 shows the ratio of the number of boron atoms to the number of carbon atoms in the plasma during the vapor phase synthesis, BZC, and the presence or absence of current injection free exciton recombination emission.
- Table 4 is a table showing the concentration of active axepane (ppm) in the crystal by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) and the presence or absence of current injection free exciton recombination luminescence.
- Table 5 shows the intensity ratio (FE / BE) between free exciton recombination luminescence and boron-bound exciton recombination luminescence in the CL spectrum at 19 CTC, and the presence of current injection free exciton recombination luminescence. It is a table showing nothing.
- Table 3 shows the intensity ratio (FE / BE) between free exciton recombination luminescence and boron-bound exciton recombination luminescence in the CL spectrum at 19 CTC, and the presence of current injection free exciton recombination luminescence. It is a table showing nothing. Table 3
- Substrate: 1b (100) high-pressure diamond crystal
- BZC is the amount of trimethylpolone (B (CH 3 ) 3 ) introduced into the raw material methane (CH 4 ) during vapor phase synthesis, expressed as boron atoms / carbon atoms. .
- the quantification of boron concentration by IR quantification is performed using a method of quantification by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) at room temperature (PMCherenko, H. MStrong and RE Tuft, Phil. Mag., Vol23, P313, 1971). The concentration of Axep was measured.
- the infrared absorption scan Bae spectrum of the sample was measured by microscopic IR device, determine the absorbance a 2 in absorbance or wavenumber 2800 [1 / cm] at a wave number 128 0 [1 / cm].
- the former (a J is effective if the boron concentration in the crystal is about 10 ppm or more, and the latter (a 2 ) is effective if the boron concentration is less than 10 ppm.
- N A 0.086 a, / d
- the boron concentration in diamond crystals was accurately determined.
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectroscopy
- the intensity ratio (FE / BE ratio) of free exciton recombination luminescence and boron-bound exciton recombination luminescence measured by the CL method indirectly represents the boron concentration in diamond crystals.
- the sample was prepared by changing the ratio of the amount of boron to the amount of carbon in the atmosphere during the synthesis of vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystals. The presence or absence of injection free exciton emission was measured.
- Example 3 had a B / C ratio of 5 Op pm during synthesis
- Example 7 had a B / C ratio of 100 ppm in synthesis
- Comparative Example 6 had a B / C ratio of 1500 ppm during synthesis
- Comparative Example 7 had a B / C ratio of 3000 ppm at the time of synthesis
- Comparative Example 8 had a B / C ratio of 5,000 ppm at the time of synthesis.
- Example 3 was 2 ppm and Example 7 was 20 ppm.
- the boron concentration was higher than the measurement limit by the IR method.
- the concentration of active impurities in the crystal by IR measurement must be 20 ppm or less.
- Example 3 was 2.3, Example 7 was 0.10 in Comparative Example 3, and 0.03 in Comparative Example 3. In Comparative Examples 7 and 8, respectively, they were below the measurement limit.
- the peak intensity ratio (FE / BE) of free exciton recombination luminescence and boron-bound exciton recombination luminescence at CL measured at 190 ° C is as follows: It can be understood that it must be 0.1 or more, that is, 0.1 or more.
- the boron concentration in the crystal must be 60 ppm or less.
- the viewpoint of manufacturing a current injection type diamond light emitting device by intentionally limiting the nitrogen concentration and the boron concentration in the crystal as described above has been missing in the conventional technology. This is light emission of impurities and lattice defects even if the conventional diamond light-emitting element obtains ultraviolet light emission.
- the main light-emitting mechanism is the free exciton recombination light emission unique to diamond used in the present invention. This is because they were not used.
- a diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using a vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal in which free exciton recombination light emission by current injection is dominant using a vapor-phase synthesized diamond. it can.
- the insulating diamond crystal film 1 may be a single crystal or a polycrystal.
- the crystal surface may be terminated with hydrogen, or boron may be added to form a p-type semiconductor.
- the diamond ultraviolet light emitting device using the vapor-phase synthesized diamond crystal according to the present invention can generate ultraviolet light having a short wavelength by current injection.
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Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP00940851A EP1205984A1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2000-06-27 | Diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device |
US10/019,308 US7009219B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2000-06-27 | Diamond ultraviolet light-emitting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP11/195232 | 1999-07-09 | ||
JP19523299A JP2000340837A (ja) | 1999-03-19 | 1999-07-09 | ダイヤモンド紫外線発光素子 |
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WO2001004965A1 true WO2001004965A1 (fr) | 2001-01-18 |
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PCT/JP2000/004208 WO2001004965A1 (fr) | 1999-07-09 | 2000-06-27 | Dispositif emetteur de rayons ultraviolets a diamant |
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US (1) | US7009219B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1205984A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2003015184A1 (fr) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-20 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Element d'emission de rayonnement ultraviolet haute luminosite en diamant |
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US7607980B2 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2009-10-27 | Igt | Gaming device having free potential winning combinations |
US8979633B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-03-17 | Igt | Gaming device having positional symbol awards |
US8974288B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-03-10 | Igt | Gaming device having a designated activator symbol therein and methods thereof |
US8986101B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-03-24 | Igt | Gaming device having positional symbol awards |
US9005006B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-04-14 | Igt | Gaming device having wild symbol generation within a play matrix |
US9805553B2 (en) | 2012-07-16 | 2017-10-31 | Igt | Gaming system and method providing additional award opportunity based on a plurality of accumulated designated symbols |
US9501898B1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2016-11-22 | Igt | Gaming system and method providing a game having a sub-symbol award evaluation |
US9275523B1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2016-03-01 | Igt | Gaming system and method for displaying a plurality of individual symbols at a single symbol display position |
DE102021123907A1 (de) | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-16 | Universität Siegen, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | LED und Herstellungsverfahren dafür |
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JPH0217631A (ja) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-22 | Osaka Diamond Ind Co Ltd | 発光素子用ダイヤモンド結晶チップ |
EP0377320A2 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric field light-emitting device |
EP0390209A2 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Diamond light-emitting device |
JPH03165074A (ja) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-07-17 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | ダイヤモンド発光素子の製造方法 |
JPH04240784A (ja) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-08-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 紫外線発光素子 |
JPH05140550A (ja) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-08 | Hitachi Ltd | ダイヤモンド発光層及び表示装置 |
JPH07307487A (ja) * | 1994-05-12 | 1995-11-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 短波長発光素子 |
EP0918100A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-05-26 | Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry | Method and apparatus for producing homoepitaxial diamond thin film |
WO1999034646A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-29 | 1999-07-08 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Dispositif emetteur de rayons ultraviolets a diamant par injection de courant |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6582513B1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2003-06-24 | Apollo Diamond, Inc. | System and method for producing synthetic diamond |
-
2000
- 2000-06-27 US US10/019,308 patent/US7009219B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-27 WO PCT/JP2000/004208 patent/WO2001004965A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-27 EP EP00940851A patent/EP1205984A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0217631A (ja) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-22 | Osaka Diamond Ind Co Ltd | 発光素子用ダイヤモンド結晶チップ |
EP0377320A2 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric field light-emitting device |
EP0390209A2 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Diamond light-emitting device |
JPH03165074A (ja) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-07-17 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | ダイヤモンド発光素子の製造方法 |
JPH04240784A (ja) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-08-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 紫外線発光素子 |
JPH05140550A (ja) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-08 | Hitachi Ltd | ダイヤモンド発光層及び表示装置 |
JPH07307487A (ja) * | 1994-05-12 | 1995-11-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 短波長発光素子 |
EP0918100A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-05-26 | Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry | Method and apparatus for producing homoepitaxial diamond thin film |
WO1999034646A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-29 | 1999-07-08 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Dispositif emetteur de rayons ultraviolets a diamant par injection de courant |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2003015184A1 (fr) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-20 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Element d'emission de rayonnement ultraviolet haute luminosite en diamant |
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US7009219B1 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
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