WO2000074476A1 - Filet marin - Google Patents

Filet marin Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000074476A1
WO2000074476A1 PCT/AU2000/000611 AU0000611W WO0074476A1 WO 2000074476 A1 WO2000074476 A1 WO 2000074476A1 AU 0000611 W AU0000611 W AU 0000611W WO 0074476 A1 WO0074476 A1 WO 0074476A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
members
polyurethane
marine
netting
transverse
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2000/000611
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John William Eeles
Ronald Leslie Johnson
Original Assignee
Usf Johnson Screens (Newcastle) Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Usf Johnson Screens (Newcastle) Pty Ltd filed Critical Usf Johnson Screens (Newcastle) Pty Ltd
Priority to AU47345/00A priority Critical patent/AU4734500A/en
Priority to EP00929122A priority patent/EP1182923A1/fr
Priority to NZ515788A priority patent/NZ515788A/xx
Priority to CA002374134A priority patent/CA2374134A1/fr
Priority to JP2001501027A priority patent/JP2003501054A/ja
Publication of WO2000074476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000074476A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K75/00—Accessories for fishing nets; Details of fishing nets, e.g. structure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to marine netting and, in particular, but not exclusively to a marine partition formed from marine netting which is suitable for use in aquaculture.
  • Aquaculture which is more commonly known as fish farming, is an industry that is adversely affected by marine predators, typically large marine animals such as sharks and seals. Nets are used to help prevent attacks on farmed fish by predators and also to keep farmed fish from escaping.
  • nets woven from polypropylene have been used.
  • seals are able to tear large holes in polypropylene nets, which allows the seals access to the fish and also allows the farmed fish to escape.
  • Actual predator attacks and the threat of attacks by predators on farmed fish is also known to cause stress to the farmed fish which can adversely affect their growth, and in extreme cases cause death even to fish not physically injured by the attack.
  • a further problem with polypropylene netting is that it has a useful working life of only two years when used in aquaculture. Woven nets also have a tendency to become tangled when handled.
  • Outer perimeter fences have been proposed for the purposes of keeping predators away from fish pens.
  • the diameter of the mesh for such outer perimeter fences can be much larger than the netting used to form the fish pens since the perimeter fences are only required to keep the larger predators out rather than keep the smaller farmed fish in.
  • Heavy duty metallic, cyclone chain mesh, and shark mesh have been considered for this purpose.
  • metal nets tend to corrode when the mesh is under water for long periods of time, particularly if the water is sea water.
  • steel nets encourage rapid weed growth and collect large weed masses and encrustations of marine organisms which must be regularly cleaned by a trained diver.
  • Steel nets are expensive and are also heavy and quite stiff which make handling such nets difficult.
  • AU 637128 discloses one attempt to solve this problem comprising a semi-rigid moulded polyurethane network of grid elements defining an array of openings.
  • this system has the advantage that it is less dense than steel and consequently easier to raise and lower in water, the system lacks the strength and durability of steel, and it is awkward to assemble the panels together into a marine module.
  • Marine netting does have other aquaculture functions and may be used for other aquaculture products such as oyster trays and the present invention described below may be applied to a variety of aquaculture uses.
  • marine netting comprising: a network of grid elements defining an array of openings, the network comprising an array of core elements, the core elements or array being coated with layer of polyurethane incorporating an anti-fouling agent which is substantially non-toxic to marine life.
  • the network may be formed from core elements pre-coated with polyurethane incorporating an anti-fouling agent.
  • marine netting comprising: an array of flexible members arranged to define a series of grid elements, including a first set of spaced-apart members extending generally parallel to one another in a first direction, and a second set of spaced-apart members extending generally parallel to one another in a second direction which is generally transverse to the first direction, the grid elements having corners formed by intersections between a member extending in the first direction and a member extending in the transverse direction, each of the flexible members comprising an elongate core element coated with a polyurethane incorporating an anti-fouling agent, the flexible members being joined together at the intersections rather than being woven together.
  • the elongate core element is a polyester strand.
  • the elongate core element comprises a braided high strength artificial fibre such as vectran. although other similar high strength artificial fibres such as kevlar. could be used.
  • the first flexible members may be joined to transversely intersecting second flexible members by use of a glue or adhesive.
  • intersection may be embedded in a joint or block of polyurethane moulded around the intersection, in which case it is preferred that the polyurethane block contains a highly active fungicide which does not migrate from the polyurethane host into the sea water.
  • the members may be joined together by ultrasonic welding.
  • the present invention has the advantage that the nets being largely comprised of polyurethane which has a specific gravity of 1.1. are approximately the same density as sea water and thus are much easier to raise and lower from the water for installation, maintenance and repair, cleaning etc.
  • the use of the elongate core element increases the strength of the partition and enables the diameter of the elongate elements of the module to be thinner than if the marine partition were merely formed from polyurethane.
  • the netting of the present invention may also be used for other aquaculture functions aside from making marine partitions: for example oyster trays may be made from the netting.
  • One preferred method for forming the marine partition of the present invention involves aligning a first series of substantially parallel spaced-apart longitudinally extending flexible members, each member comprising an elongate core element coated with polyurethane, each member being separated from its adjacent member by a gap. and a second series of spaced-apart substantially parallel members which extend generally transversely to the direction of the first members and are overlaid on the first members and are joined to the same at locations where the first and second members intersect each other.
  • transverse members are joined to the longitudinal members by means of an adhesive or. in a yet further alternative, by ultrasonic welding.
  • a series of moulds are formed around the intersections, and the moulds are filled with polyurethane to encapsulate the intersection between the longitudinal and transverse members and join the one to the other.
  • the longitudinal members are supported by a drum or a flat bed on which a series of lower mould parts are defined and the transverse members are overlaid on the longitudinal members above the lower mould parts and a moulding head defining an upper part of the mould is disposed on the intersection to define a mould about the same and polyurethane is injected into the mould thereby forming a polyurethane joint around the transverse and longitudinal members.
  • the marine netting or grid could be made from polyurethane in an open moulding process with the mould cavity defining a grid enclosing numerous openings.
  • the method may include the step of placing a reinforcing net or grid inside the mould cavity during the moulding process.
  • the reinforcement may be a woven or non-woven netting, the netting having a opening size which is slightly larger than the openings defined in the finished marine netting or grid.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a marine partition embodying the present invention:
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a coated synthetic strand for use in forming the partition shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view illustrating the method of joining transverse and longitudinally extending flexible members shown in Figure 1 together to form a marine partition:
  • FIG 4 illustrates schematically an apparatus used to form the marine partition of Figure 1:
  • Figure 5 illustrates a method of displaying a single strand on top of a series of longitudinally extending strands to form transversely extending elements for the partition shown in Figure 1:
  • Figure 6 illustrates a schematic cross-section through a second embodiment of a marine net:
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of a third embodiment of a marine net: and Figure 8 is a section on lines VIII - NIL! of Figure 7.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a marine partition generally indicated at 10.
  • the partition includes a series of parallel spaced- apart elongate flexible members 12a 12e extending in a first direction, say the longitudinal direction.
  • a second series of elongate flexible members 14a. 14b 14e which extend in a direction generally transverse to the longitudinal direction, the members being equi-distantly spaced apart.
  • the members are joined together at the locations where each intersection between a longitudinal and a transverse member by polyurethane which is moulded around the intersection.
  • the elongate member comprises a commercially available core of stranded vectran 18. an artificial carbon based fibre, coated with an ether based polyurethane layer 20.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the joining of the elongate flexible members together in more detail.
  • the joint is made by moulding a block of polyurethane 16 around the intersection between a longitudinally extending member, say 12e, and a transversely extending member, say 14a.
  • vectran instead of using vectran.
  • other carbon fibres such as kevlar could be used.
  • polyurethane or polyester would also be suitable as a core, particularly for nets having smaller grid elements.
  • the size of the openings in the grid will vary depending on the size of the marine animals which the net is intended to either enclose or keep out. Typically the opening sizes range from 300mm square to 25mm square. The larger opening sizes are used to keep predators out and need to be stronger. The smaller opening sizes are used to retain smaller farmed fish and do not need to be as strong.
  • the polyurethane coating contains a anti-fouling additive typically Irgarol 1051 or ⁇ uocide 1071. which is non-toxic to marine life.
  • the ether based polyurethane joint contains a highly active fungicide which is locked to the polyurethane and does not migrate therefrom.
  • Figures 4 and 5 schematically illustrate one possible method for forming the marine partition from the coated strands in which a series of coated stands 12a 12e 12n are equal distantly spaced apart on the surface of a rotatable drum 30.
  • the drum defines a grid of spaced apart moulds 32.
  • the moulds are spaced apart at a distance which defines the net or mesh opening size.
  • a moveable indexable head 40 is disposed above the barrel and defines one or more upper mould elements 42 adapted to be superposed on the lower mould elements to form a complete mould.
  • the head can then inject polyurethane into the mould space formed by the lower part 32 and upper part 42 of the mould around the intersection between the longitudinally extending elongate member and the transversely extending elongate member.
  • the head may define a single or multiple spaced-apart upper mould elements.
  • Figure 5 illustrates one way of laying the transversely extending members on which a single elongate member 50 is crossed backwards and forwards over an array of longitudinal members 12a....12d.
  • a flat bed instead of a drum, a flat bed could be used.
  • the vectran coated member may be formed by tensioning the vectran and pulling the braided vectran "strand" through a thermosetting heated die into which ether based polyurethane is injected to coat the fibre.
  • the marine partition coating may be coloured in a shark repellent colour to discourage sharks from approaching the marine partition.
  • the netting of the present invention is much more flexible than those forms of existing netting with the exception of woven polypropylene which has problems of lack of durability and a tendency to tangle.
  • the coating of polyurethane makes the partition very slippery and discourages weed growth and growth of marine organisms on the partition.
  • one preferred method of the present invention involves moulding a joint or block of polyurethane around intersections between the longitudinal end transversely extending members, in one embodiment it would be possible to simply join the members at the intersections with a suitable adhesive, alternatively, the members could be joined by welding e.g. sonic welding.
  • Figure 6 illustrates such an embodiment in which the members 14a. 14b.... and 12a.... are joined by glue or welding.
  • the smaller diameter nets may be made from a non braided core element, such as polyurethane or polyester.
  • the marine partitions of the present invention may be used to make enclosures for retaining fish, such as the fish rearing enclosure disclosed in AU 506632 or to make barriers to prevent predators reaching fishing enclosures such as are shown in AU 637128. to make oyster trays or for other aquaculture applications.
  • the marine netting may be made by an open moulding process.
  • a mould cavity (not shown) defines a network of grid elements and polyurethane including anti- fouling agent is poured into the mould and allowed to set which results in a moulded polyurethane network of grid elements 50 defining an array of openings 52 (refer to Figure 7).
  • a net 54 which may be woven or non-woven or other reinforcing or the like is placed in the mould cavity with the openings of the net superposed over the apertures 52 to be defined by the mould so that the members of the resultant moulded grid element, include a reinforcing core 54.
  • the size of the openings P depend on the size of the fish or fish fry to be retained in the marine netting.
  • the width w of the elements may typically be 1.0 mm to 12mm.
  • the modules are round on one side and flat on the other to facilitate mould removal.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un filet marin (10). Ce filet comprend un réseau d'éléments de grille définissant un ensemble d'ouvertures. Ce réseau comprend un ensemble d'éléments principaux (12a...12e, 14a...14g) qui sont recouverts d'une couche de polyuréthane comprenant un agent anti-salissure qui est sensiblement dépourvu de toxicité pour la vie marine. Ce réseau (10) peut être fabriqué dans un processus de moulage ouvert ou en alignant et en assemblant les éléments flexibles comprenant un élément principal (12a) recouvert de polyuréthane.
PCT/AU2000/000611 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 Filet marin WO2000074476A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU47345/00A AU4734500A (en) 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 Marine partition
EP00929122A EP1182923A1 (fr) 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 Filet marin
NZ515788A NZ515788A (en) 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 Marine partition netting with layer of polyurethane coating incorporating anti-fouling agent non-toxic to marine life
CA002374134A CA2374134A1 (fr) 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 Filet marin
JP2001501027A JP2003501054A (ja) 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 海洋用仕切り網

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPQ0769A AUPQ076999A0 (en) 1999-06-03 1999-06-03 Marine partition
AUPQ0769 1999-06-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000074476A1 true WO2000074476A1 (fr) 2000-12-14

Family

ID=3814966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2000/000611 WO2000074476A1 (fr) 1999-06-03 2000-05-30 Filet marin

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1182923A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003501054A (fr)
AU (1) AUPQ076999A0 (fr)
CA (1) CA2374134A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ515788A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000074476A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010106143A1 (fr) 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Filet pour l'aquaculture
WO2011142927A1 (fr) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 Lindgren Peter B Grille de casier d'aquaculture
US8211078B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2012-07-03 The Procter And Gamble Company Sanitary napkins capable of taking complex three-dimensional shape in use
FR2996495A1 (fr) * 2012-09-18 2014-04-11 Francois Charles Genolini Voile en matiere minerale ou organique souple pour la realisation d'elements decoratifs ou d'objets divers
WO2014190390A1 (fr) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Craig Justin Moss Barrière modulaire sous-marine
US9579238B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2017-02-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Sanitary napkins capable of taking complex three-dimensional shape in use
FR3094993A1 (fr) 2019-04-11 2020-10-16 Joel Lesser Dispositif maintenant couverts des hydrobiontes photosynthétiques dérivants, les privant de lumière, et les procédés d’élimination et de récolte associés.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0380036A (ja) * 1989-08-23 1991-04-04 Motonobu Matsumoto 防汚性漁網及びロープ
AU6088590A (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-02-13 Weatherford Australia Pty Limited Marine partition modules
JPH10165045A (ja) * 1996-12-06 1998-06-23 Toray Ind Inc 水中ネット

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0380036A (ja) * 1989-08-23 1991-04-04 Motonobu Matsumoto 防汚性漁網及びロープ
AU6088590A (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-02-13 Weatherford Australia Pty Limited Marine partition modules
JPH10165045A (ja) * 1996-12-06 1998-06-23 Toray Ind Inc 水中ネット

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8211078B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2012-07-03 The Procter And Gamble Company Sanitary napkins capable of taking complex three-dimensional shape in use
US8702668B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2014-04-22 The Procter And Gamble Company Sanitary napkins capable of taking complex three-dimensional shape in use
US9579238B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2017-02-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Sanitary napkins capable of taking complex three-dimensional shape in use
US10568781B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2020-02-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Sanitary napkins capable of taking complex three-dimensional shape in use
WO2010106143A1 (fr) 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Filet pour l'aquaculture
WO2011142927A1 (fr) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 Lindgren Peter B Grille de casier d'aquaculture
US8468974B2 (en) 2010-05-13 2013-06-25 Peter B. Lindgren Aquaculture cage screen
FR2996495A1 (fr) * 2012-09-18 2014-04-11 Francois Charles Genolini Voile en matiere minerale ou organique souple pour la realisation d'elements decoratifs ou d'objets divers
WO2014190390A1 (fr) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Craig Justin Moss Barrière modulaire sous-marine
AU2014100588B4 (en) * 2013-05-31 2015-02-26 Craig Justin Moss Barrier
FR3094993A1 (fr) 2019-04-11 2020-10-16 Joel Lesser Dispositif maintenant couverts des hydrobiontes photosynthétiques dérivants, les privant de lumière, et les procédés d’élimination et de récolte associés.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ515788A (en) 2003-04-29
JP2003501054A (ja) 2003-01-14
EP1182923A1 (fr) 2002-03-06
AUPQ076999A0 (en) 1999-06-24
CA2374134A1 (fr) 2000-12-14

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