Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds

Definitions

• Creatine is a substance that has been known to the body in both humans and animals for more than a hundred years, some of which is produced by the body itself or is ingested through food.
• the importance of creatine in the metabolism lies at the cellular level in that it forms a short-term energy reserve and is involved in energy transport (Wallimann et al., Biochem. J. 281, 21-40; 1992). With appropriate training, taking creatine leads to improved muscle performance in humans. This effect has also already been found in dogs, in particular racing dogs, hunting dogs, etc., as is described, for example, in GB 2 300 103.
• antimicrobial performance enhancers are added to the feed for the feeding of breeding and fattening animals as feed additive, but when they are omitted, the animals become more sensitive to stress on the digestive tract and the immune system.
• creatine not only leads to improved muscle performance in humans and dogs, but that the use of creatine in farm animals, especially chickens, pigs and salmon, can improve the performance of the animals, especially in Elimination of animal feed such as meat meal or fish meal.
• the invention accordingly relates to the use of creatine or creatine salts as a feed additive for breeding and fattening animals as a substitute for meat meal, fish meal and / or antimicrobial performance promoters, growth hormones and anabolic steroids.
• Creatine is a long-known substance (The Merck Index, Eleventh Edition, No 2570, 1989) and is commercially available or can be found, for example, in Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, Volume A 12, 552, VCH- Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim (1987) or described in US 2,654,779 by reaction of cyanamide with sarcosine.
• creatine thus includes the isolated form of the naturally occurring creatine and chemically synthesized forms.
• Creatine can be used as such or in the form of a salt.
• other salts such as creatine phosphorus olpyruvate, creatine succinates, formates and gluconates, potassium, calcium or sodium creatine or Creatine phosphate, which is commercially available, is suitable for the use according to the invention. Cyclocreatine and other literature-known creatine analogues are also suitable.
• Creatine or its salts are used as feed additives for a wide variety of animals and thus for a wide variety of feed forms.
• Another object of the invention is therefore the use of creatine or creatine salts as a feed additive in predominantly vegetable feed as a substitute for meat or fish meal and / or antimicrobial performance enhancers to increase meat quality, improve weight gain and muscle meat consumption, improve the lean body mass index and Embryonic development, to increase the fertility of the mother animals, the male fertility and survival rate of the young animals, increase the laying performance in poultry and reduce the infection rate.
• the use of creatine as a feed additive means that poultry species such as chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys have a higher weight growth rate with less feed expenditure is achieved, and the time in which the corresponding weight gain is achieved is also reduced compared to previously used feeding methods with animal meal and antimicrobial performance promoters.
• An object of the invention is accordingly the use of creatine or creatine salts as a feed additive for poultry as a substitute for animal meal and / or antimicrobial performance enhancers for increasing meat quality, improving weight gain and muscle meat production, improving the lean body mass index, for increasing the egg performance of the hens , to increase the sperm production and quality of the cocks and to reduce the infection rate.
• the use of animal meal in feeding can also be completely eliminated.
• the addition of antimicrobial performance promoters, such as antibiotics can also be dispensed with, since creatine also has growth-promoting properties in pigs.
• the use of creatine or creatine salts according to the invention results in improved fertility of the female animals, which manifests itself in an increase in the mating cycles and the willingness to ingest the pregnant woman, which increases the number of piglets per litter, among other things.
• Other advantages include improved embryo development by feeding the mother animals with creatine or creatine salts, improved spermatogenesis in male breeding animals, and better weight gain.
• the survival rate and the prosperity of the piglets during lactation are increased by creatine intake via the breast milk of the optimally fed mother animal fed by creatine and later by creatine supplementation of the young animals.
• the infection rate is reduced by an improved immune system.
• Another object of the invention is accordingly the use of creatine or creatine salts as a feed additive for pigs as a substitute for animal meal and / or antimicrobial performance enhancers to increase meat quality, improve weight gain and muscle meat production, improve the lean body mass index and embryo development, increase the Fertility of the mother animals and survival rate of the young animals, improvement of spermatogenesis, and to lower the infection rate.
• creatine or creatine salts as a feed additive can be used on a predominantly vegetable basis, which significantly reduces the consumption of fish meal, which is mostly obtained from small Pacific fish. Another advantage is a reduction in the infection rate through an improved immune system.
• Another object of the invention is accordingly the use of creatine or creatine salts as a feed additive for farmed salmon as a substitute for fish meal and / or antimicrobial performance promoters.
• Creatine or creatine salts can also be added to the milk substitute powder for fattening calves, whereby milk components can be saved and improved weight gain, improved fish quality, an increase in the pure muscle meat content (lean body mass) and a reduction in the fat content of the calves. ber, as well as a reduction in the infection rate is achieved by an improved immune system and an improved feed utilization.
• creatine or creatine salts as an additive for milk replacement powder for fattening calves to improve weight gain, to improve meat quality, to increase the pure muscle meat content and to reduce the fat content of calves, as well as to reduce the infection rate and improve the feed conversion is therefore also an object the invention.
• creatine and creatine salts as feed additive is wet or canned feed for dogs and cats, in which the content of creatine originally present in the starting material is reduced in the manufacturing process.
• the infection rate is reduced again by an improved immune system and, in addition to the fact that the animals are livelier and stronger, secondly, the animals have a significantly shiny coat.
• Creatine or its salts can thus be added to a wide variety of feed types.
• the following types of feed are suitable for the addition according to the invention: dry or wet flour feed, pelleted feed, expander feed, extruded feed, feed flakes, milk substitute powder, wet or canned feed.
• Creatine or its salts are used, for example, in the production of the feed mixture, i.e. before filling and packing in cans etc. added as a food supplement. Another possibility is the addition after the expansion or extrusion of the feed, as well as during pellet production.
• Creatine is added either in powder form or, in the case of water-soluble salts, in the form of an aqueous solution.
• the amount of creatine added to the feed preferably corresponds to the amount determined in dose-response experiments or based on the amount of creatine present in the fresh meat. If necessary, two to four times the amount can be added.
• the amount of creatine added depends on the animals to be fed, so that they can fluctuate within a wide range. Preferred amounts of creatine are in the range from 1 to 50 g / kg, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 g / kg of air-dry feed.
• the amount of feed administered should preferably ensure a supply of 0.2 to 0.5 g creatine per kg metabolic body weight (G 75 ).
• Creatine and its salts can optionally be added together with conventional feed additives such as fats, amino acids, minerals, trace elements, vitamins and flavorings.
• the feed consumption decreased by about 2-3% compared to previous feeding methods.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (8)

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• 1999
  • 1999-05-08 EP EP99109145A patent/EP1051914A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2000
  • 2000-04-12 DE DE50009286T patent/DE50009286D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2000-04-12 CN CNB008073295A patent/CN1224328C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2000-04-12 ES ES00920689T patent/ES2233360T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-04-12 WO PCT/EP2000/003245 patent/WO2000067590A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-04-12 EP EP00920689A patent/EP1176875B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2000-04-12 PL PL353211A patent/PL199397B1/pl unknown
  • 2000-04-12 HU HU0201826A patent/HUP0201826A3/hu unknown
  • 2000-04-12 BR BR0010355-1A patent/BR0010355A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-04-12 AT AT00920689T patent/ATE287217T1/de active
  • 2000-04-12 AU AU41175/00A patent/AU768573B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-04-12 US US09/959,443 patent/US7226947B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-04-12 PT PT00920689T patent/PT1176875E/pt unknown
• 2001
  • 2001-10-23 NO NO20015176A patent/NO321485B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-10-29 ZA ZA200108906A patent/ZA200108906B/xx unknown

Patent Citations (8)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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