WO2000044894A1 - Verfahren zur isolation von apoptose-induzierenden dna-sequenzen und detektionssystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zur isolation von apoptose-induzierenden dna-sequenzen und detektionssystem Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000044894A1 WO2000044894A1 PCT/EP2000/000683 EP0000683W WO0044894A1 WO 2000044894 A1 WO2000044894 A1 WO 2000044894A1 EP 0000683 W EP0000683 W EP 0000683W WO 0044894 A1 WO0044894 A1 WO 0044894A1
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4747—Apoptosis related proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
- C12N15/1006—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1034—Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for identifying nucleic acid sequences which have non-selectable activity in a target cell, the use of the identified genes to provide diagnostic and therapeutic agents and the use of secreted enzymes as a reporter system for apoptosis processes.
- Apoptosis is the genetically encoded suicide program that is induced in eukaryotic lines under certain physiological or pathological conditions.
- the induction of apoptosis must be regulated extremely precisely because hyperactivity can lead to degenerative diseases.
- reduced apoptosis induction can contribute to tumor progression.
- This method is complex and, due to the need to determine the apoptosis-inducing activity by microscopic inspection of morphological characteristics, can be automated only with difficulty and is therefore unsuitable for screening examinations. Furthermore, the method is limited to cell lines which can be transfected particularly efficiently.
- DE-OS 43 42 769 describes a method for isolating and cloning cDNA coding for an RNA-binding protein by producing a cDNA library from a cell line which is likely to contain the RNA-binding protein, ligating the library into expression vectors and expressing them in Cells which already contain a further expression vector which has a marker gene and in the 5'-untranslated region of this gene has the binding site of the RNA-binding protein in question, and detecting the presence of the cDNA by reducing expression of the marker gene.
- this method cannot identify dominant genes with a non-selectable activity whose stable recombinant expression in a cell is not possible.
- DE-OS 38 06 61 7 describes a method for the expression of non-selectable genes in eukaryotic cells, wherein two or more selection marker genes are transfected with the non-selectable genes, the selection marker genes and the non-selectable genes on one or more vectors or DNA structures are located and then selected for all transfected selection markers. With this method too, no dominant genes with a non-selectable activity can be identified whose stable recominant expression is not possible in a cell.
- WO 91/199796 relates to a method for obtaining an animal or plant cell which contains a non-selectable gene sequence inserted within a predetermined gene sequence of the cell genome by means of homologous recombination. This method is also unsuitable for the identification of dominant non-selectable genes by means of serial examinations.
- WO 91/00361 relates to a method for the identifiable expression of a non-selectable gene using a dominant-selectable multidrug resistance gene MDRI, the non-selectable gene being amplified and overexpressed by selection for the MDR 1 gene.
- This method is also fundamentally unsuitable for the identification of dominant non-selectable genes.
- the object on which the invention is based was therefore to provide a new method for identifying dominant nucleic acid sequences with a non-selectable activity and suitable reporter or detection systems with which the disadvantages of the prior art described above are at least partially eliminated.
- the invention relates to a method for identifying dominant activities of nucleic acid sequences, which is simple and can be carried out in intact cells and can be automated.
- a library of nucleic acid sequences is cloned into preferably eukaryotic expression vectors and from this library individual clones or small pools of clones in bacteria are propagated.
- the plasmid DNA is preferably isolated using an automated protocol which can be carried out in 96-hole format.
- the isolated plasmid DNAs can be introduced into eukaryotic cells together with a reporter vector by means of individual transfection approaches. As a result, the procedure described here is a series examination, a so-called "screen”.
- the activity of the reporter vector is then determined in the transfected eurkaryotic cells and correlated with the activity of the nucleic acid sequence. Since plasmid DNA is still retained from the respective batches in a preferred version of the screen after transfection of the target cells, it does not have to be isolated from the target cells. This is an advantage in the case of apoptosis induction, since this process breaks down the DNA in the cells.
- the steps of DNA isolation, transfection and activity detection can be easily automated using robots.
- Enzymes in particular secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), which is preferably introduced into the cell to be examined as a reporter vector and whose secretion can serve as a measure of the non-selectable activity to be examined.
- SEAP secreted alkaline phosphatase
- An advantage of using secreted enzymes is that the cell does not have to be destroyed to determine activity. The activity can therefore be measured several times in the supernatant: shortly after the transfection, if the effect of the nucleic acid sequence to be examined and introduced into the cell, for example apoptosis induction, has not yet started to determine a base value, and at a later point in time, to measure the change in enzymatic activity due to the nucleic acid sequence expressed in the cell. For example, the secretion of proteins is reduced in apoptotic cells, so that, in contrast to control cells, the activity of the reporter enzyme does not increase.
- a first aspect of the invention thus relates to a method for identifying nucleic acid sequences which have a non-selectable activity in a target cell, comprising the steps:
- step (c) obtaining the expression vector from the cultivated host cells, (d 1) cotransfecting target cells with (i) the expression vector obtained in step (c) and
- the nucleic acid sequences to be examined can in principle originate from any sources, for example from eukaryotes such as plants, vertebrates, for example mammals, fungi, parasites etc., but also from bacteria, archeae or viruses or from synthetic or semisynthetic sources. They are selected, for example, from genomic sequences of any origin, cDNA sequences, cDNA fragments or partial sequences, or also from synthetically generated sequences such as antisense molecules or combinatorially modified nucleic acid sequences.
- the aim of the method according to the invention is to identify nucleic acid sequences which have a non-selectable activity in a target cell, i.e. which cannot be stably expressed recombinantly (over) in a target cell, e.g. because they inhibit cell growth or cell death, e.g. through apoptosis.
- non-selectable activities include apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, inhibition of cell metabolism and inhibition or activation of the expression of genes, e.g. through transcription factors.
- the method according to the invention is particularly preferably used to identify dominant apoptosis induction genes.
- Step (a) of the method consists in providing a DNA library comprising a multiplicity of host cells, each of which contains a nucleic acid sequence to be examined.
- This DNA library is preferably - especially if it is a cDNA library - a normalized library, i.e. a library depleted in abundant species.
- the production of such normalized libraries was carried out by Sasaki et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (1 994), 9987-9992). The depletion of abundant species in a population of mRNA molecules is achieved by adding cDNA molecules immobilized, for example, on latex beads, optionally in several rounds of hybridization.
- the nucleic acid library is set up in an expression vector which is active in the desired target cell, preferably a eukaryotic cell and in particular a mammalian cell, ie the nucleic acid to be examined is operatively linked to an expression control sequence which is constitutively or regulatably active in the target cell.
- the expression vector furthermore contains elements which enable replication and selection in the host cell, ie a corresponding origin of replication and a selection marker gene, for example an antibiotic resistance gene. Since selection of the expression vector cannot be carried out in the target cell, the presence of elements which allow replication and selection in the target cell is not necessary. Since bacterial cells, in particular gram-negative bacteria and particularly preferably E. coli cells, are preferably used as host cells, the expression vector can be a shuttle vector which contains both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequence elements.
- the expression vector is expediently an extrachromosomal vector and in particular a transiently transfectable plasmid. Alternatively, however, a stable episomal expression vector can also be used.
- Such expression vectors are known to the person skilled in the field of molecular biology and are described, for example, by Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual (1 989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, or other standard textbooks.
- Step (b) of the method according to the invention comprises culturing host cells.
- Individual host cells are preferably used as the starting material for cultivation.
- Such individual host cells can be obtained, for example, by plating clones of the nucleic acid library onto solid culture plates or by diluting liquid culture media accordingly.
- several host cells for example small pools of up to 20 different clones, in particular of up to 10 different clones per Transfection approach are cultivated together, although in most cases this is less preferred.
- Step (c) of the method according to the invention involves obtaining the expression vector from the cultivated cells.
- Methods known from the prior art for isolating extrachromosomal DNA see, for example, Sambrook et al., Supra) can be used for this purpose. It should be noted, however, that the DNA isolated from the host cell should be of sufficient purity to enable subsequent cotransfection of the target cell with high efficiency.
- alkaline lysis is preferably carried out.
- the quality of the plasmid DNA obtained can be improved by adsorption on a solid matrix, in particular a silica adsorption matrix, washing with organic solvents and subsequent elution.
- adsorption matrix in particular a silica adsorption matrix
- washing with organic solvents and subsequent elution Surprisingly, it was found that the DNA can be bound to the adsorption matrix with high efficiency after alkaline lysis without the addition of chaotropic substances, as described in the prior art.
- the absence of added chaotropic substances leads to considerable improvements and simplifications in the subsequent purification procedure and therefore represents a further aspect of the present invention, regardless of the preceding and subsequent steps of the claimed method.
- Step (d) involves transfection or cotransfection of target cells, in particular eukaryotic cells such as mammalian cells, with the previously isolated expression vector and optionally a reporter vector.
- target cells in particular eukaryotic cells such as mammalian cells
- the transfection or cotransfection is preferably carried out by calcium phosphate coprecipitation, lipofection, electroporation, particle bombardment or viral infection (retroviruses, adenoviruses, etc.).
- Target cells can be expressed transiently, the reporter vector transiently or stably. Transient expression is preferred.
- the expression vector is advantageously used in a molar excess with respect to the reporter vector.
- the molar ratio between reporter vector and expression vector is particularly preferably 1: 2 to 1:20. If the expression vector is used in a molar excess, the presence of the reporter vector in the target cell can serve as a marker for the simultaneous presence of the expression vector in the target cell, since cells cotransfect the plasmids used according to their molar ratio in the cotransfection batch.
- the method according to the invention also allows the use of several reporter vectors, one of which is already present (chromosomal or extrachromosomal) in the target cell and another is introduced into the cell together with the expression vector by means of cotransfection.
- the reporter vector is preferably selected so that there is no direct functional connection between the reporter and expression vector, i.e. that a gene product encoded by the expression vector does not act directly on the activity of the reporter vector, but that a gene product encoded by the expression vector only indirectly, i.e. affects the activity of the reporter vector by influencing the metabolism of the target cell.
- embodiments of the screen are also possible which allow detection of direct interactions between reporter vector and expression vector.
- the reporter vector co-transfected with the expression vector or already present in the target cell generally contains a nucleic acid sequence coding for a detectable gene product in a in the Target cell expressible form.
- the reporter vector is preferably an extrachromosomal vector, particularly preferably a transiently transfectable plasmid.
- a stable episomal or chromosomal reporter vector can also be used.
- the reporter vector contains elements that enable selection and, if necessary, replication in the target cells.
- the detectable gene product can be expressed via a constitutive or regulatable expression control sequence, preferably via a constitutive expression control sequence.
- the gene product encoded by the reporter vector is a secreted enzyme, i.e. an enzyme that is secreted by the target cell.
- a secreted enzyme i.e. an enzyme that is secreted by the target cell.
- examples of such enzymes are the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) (Berger et al., Gene 66 (1 988), 1 -1 0)) and the luciferase (Lui et al., Gene 202 (1 977), 1 41 - 1 48).
- SEAP secreted alkaline phosphatase
- the SEAP is particularly preferably used as a secreted enzyme. If secreted gene products are used as a reporter system, the activity in the culture supernatant of the target cells is determined.
- the detectable gene product encoded by the reporter vector can also be a non-secreted polypeptide which can be detected intracellularly in an intact cell, for example a fluorescent protein such as GFP.
- the detectable gene product expressed by the reporter vector can also be a membrane-bound, e.g. be a polypeptide detectable by incubation with antibodies or affinity ligands.
- Step (e) of the method according to the invention includes determining the activity of the reporter vector in the target cells or in their culture supernatant as a measure of the non-selectable activity of the nucleic acid sequence under investigation. This determination method is based on the fact that the nucleic acid sequence to be examined on the expression vector in the target cell after expression has an influence on the cell metabolism, for example by induction of apoptosis, which in turn affects the activity of the reporter vector or the detectable gene product encoded by it in a measurable manner.
- the activity of the reporter vector is preferably determined at at least two points after the transfection or cotransfection, the first point in time being chosen such that expression of the nucleic acid sequence contained on the expression vector has no influence on the activity of the reporter vector and can thus serve determine a basic activity for the target cell being examined.
- the second point in time is chosen such that expression of the nucleic acid sequence contained on the expression vector already has a measurable influence on the activity of the reporter vector - provided the nucleic acid sequence present in the respective cell has the non-selectable activity investigated. In this way, regardless of the basic activity of the reporter vector, which depends on the transfection efficiency in transfection or cotransfection, the activity of a nucleic acid sequence introduced into a specific cell can be determined.
- the implementation of the method according to the invention is preferably at least partially automated, steps (b) to (e) being able to be carried out in parallel on at least 50 samples.
- the method according to the invention is used to identify nucleic acid sequences which have an influence on secretory properties of the target cell, such as apoptosis induction, the measurement of the activity of the reporter vector in the cell supernatant is sufficient to identify the desired nucleic acid sequences.
- the detectable gene product encoded by the reporter vector for example a fluorescent protein such as GFP
- GFP fluorescent protein
- This label can optionally be combined with the detection of additional cellular parameters, for example detection of surface markers with antibodies or receptor ligands. To detect this fluorescent reagents can be used for additional parameters.
- the presence or / and the intensity of the label (s) on the cells can then be determined by fluorescence cytometry, e.g. B. can be determined by means of FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting).
- the genes identified by the method according to the invention can be used to provide diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
- Different target cells normal cells, tumor cells
- Cells with defined genetic changes such as e.g. Cells with activated oncogenes or inactivated tumor suppressor genes, as well as virus-infected cells can be used for the scan.
- This allows nucleic acid sequences to be identified or isolated which have their activity selectively in certain cell types, e.g. Genes that induce selective apoptosis induction in tumor cells or virus-infected cells.
- These genes could then be expressed in the body of patients, for example for gene therapy to combat tumor diseases or viral infections. Since only a transient activity is necessary for the induction of apoptosis, the currently still difficult permanent expression in gene therapy is avoided.
- Another aspect of the invention is the use of secreted enzymes as a reporter system for apoptosis processes, for example for the identification of apoptosis-associated genes or for the identification of drugs influencing apoptosis.
- Use as a reporter system for identifying apoptosis induction or apoptosis inhibition genes is particularly preferred.
- the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) is particularly preferably used as a reporter system.
- SEAP secreted alkaline phosphatase
- the enzyme activity is advantageously detected using chromogenic or fluorescent substrates for the enzyme in question. Such enzyme substrates are known. Use as a reporter system in a previously described method is particularly preferred.
- Yet another aspect of the invention is a device for the automated implementation of the method described above.
- This device preferably contains two robots: one for the isolation of the plasmid DNA from the host cells and one for the transfection of target cells (FIGS. 4 and 5).
- the DNA isolation robot comprises means for culturing a large number of host cells, for example a block or a microtiter plate.
- the culture volumes for the host cells are preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 ml, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 1 ml.
- the device comprises means for obtaining plasmid DNA from a large number of host cells, which are, for example, microtiter plates or blocks, which can optionally contain mini-columns for purifying the plasmid DNA.
- the transfection robot contains means for transfection and cultivation of a large number of target cells, which can also be blocks or microtiter plates.
- the device contains means for determining the activity of a reporter vector in target cells, preferably a spectrophotometric measuring device or a fluorescence measuring device. Both robots work with multi-channel pipettes, whereby the respective liquids can be pipetted at the same time in order to achieve a corresponding sample throughput.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are two preferred embodiments in which the treated plates with the DNA samples and the host cells or the DNA samples and the target cells are laid out on one surface and by a pipetting head which is arranged in x, y, z. Direction is movable, are interconnected.
- the invention is further illustrated by the figures and examples described below. Show it:
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a screening process for dominant non-selectable nucleic acid activities in one
- Figure 2 shows the binding capacity of DNA after alkaline lysis of
- Figure 3 shows the measurement of SEAP activities for the detection of dominant
- Expression vector and a control vector (circle), an expression vector coding for the cell cycle locking gene p21 (square) and an apoptosis-inducing gene (rhombus). Data are normalized for activity at 1 6 h after transfection
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the DNA isolation robot.
- Storage locations for blocks for example 96-well blocks with host cells or the DNA isolated therefrom and their intermediate stages are designated as A, B, C, d.
- the one for DNA extraction necessary reagents are arranged on both sides.
- P1, P2, P4, SiOx (silicon oxide solution) Acet. (Acetate solution), and H 2 O denote reservoirs with corresponding solutions which are required for DNA extraction.
- a washing station (“washing") is used to clean the syringes of the
- Pipetting head needed. Means for centrifuging (“centrifuge”), for applying a vacuum (“vacuum”), for shaking (shaking) and incubation stations (ine.) are used to process the plates for the purification of the DNA.
- a pipetting head with a gripper arm that can move over the entire surface and can be moved in different directions by drives (X, Y, Z) connects the plates and the processing stations to one another.
- the robot is shown in a side view in the upper half of the picture.
- Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the transfection robot.
- Target cells for transfection are drawn in four superimposed areas in multiwell plates.
- the DNA samples to be transfected are arranged in the top row in 96-well plates.
- the transfection reactions are set up in the row below.
- the reagents required for this in addition to the DNA are designated as L1 and L2.
- a washing station and a waste station serve to clean the syringes of the pipetting head ("Z"), which can be moved in the X, Y, Z direction and is driven by corresponding stepper motors (X, Y, Z).
- a side view of the robot or the movable pipetting head is shown at the top and right edge of the picture.
- Figure 6 shows the phenotypic change in the
- Apoptosis induction with ANT-1 using cotransfection of GFP 3 ⁇ g expression plasmid for ANT-1 or an empty one Expression vectors were transfected into HeLa cells. For this purpose, 1 ⁇ g of an expression vector for GFP ("Green fluorescent protein") was cotransfected in order to label the transfected cells. The fluorescence was recorded with a 200-fold magnification 24 hours after the transfection.
- Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) were supplemented in DMEM with 5% fetal calf serum (Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany) in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere.
- the cells were placed in 24-well plates and treated with 2 ⁇ g plasmid DNA according to the calcium phosphate creprecipitation method as described by Roussel et al. (Mol. Cell. Biol. 4 (1 984), 1 999-2009).
- kidney cDNA library The normalization and construction of a kidney cDNA library was carried out as described by Grimm and Leder (J. Exp. Meth. 1 85 (1 997), 1 1 37-1 1 42) and s Sasaki et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (1 994), 987-992).
- Kidney mRNA from 4 to 6 week old FVB mice was normalized by association of abundant mRNA species with antisense cDNA molecules covalently coupled to latex beads 0 and subsequent separation by centrifugation. After two rounds of hybridization, 200 ng (from originally 2 ⁇ g) of mRNA were obtained and used to prepare a cDNA library using a cDNA synthesis kit (Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, MD).
- the cDNA molecules were inserted into a modified pcDNA3 vector (Invitrogen) under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in which the neomycin resistance gene had been deleted.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- the DNA was introduced by electroporation into E. coli SURE cells (Stratagene, Corp. La Jolla, CA) 0, which were then immediately frozen.
- SEAP activity was as described by Berger et al. (Gene 66 (1 988), 1-10). For this, the culture supernatant was centrifuged at 4000 rpm. After heat treatment at 65 ° C for 30 min, the activity was tested in a SEAP buffer as described.
- 96-hole blocks with bacteria were centrifuged for 5 min at 3000 g (Sigma centrifuges, Osterode am Harz, Germany). The supernatant was decanted and the blocks were inverted for 2-3 minutes. Then 1 70 ⁇ ⁇ buffer P1 (50 mM Tris-HCl / 1 OmM EDTA pH 8.0) was added and the bacterial pellets were resuspended by complete vortex treatment for 10 to 20 minutes. After adding 1 70 ⁇ l of buffer P2 (200 mM NaOH, 1% SDS), the block was sealed with film, mixed by inverting and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. The lysis was terminated by adding 1 70 ⁇ l of 4 ° C.
- the blocks were centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was transferred to an array of 96 columns made by inserting commercially available columns (Qiagen) into 96-well plates cut to size. These plates were placed in vacuum chambers (Qiagen). Then 150 ⁇ l of silicon oxide suspension were added and incubated for 20 min at room temperature (the silicon oxide suspension was prepared by adding 150 ⁇ l of HCl (37%) to 250 ml of a suspension of 50 mg / ml SiO 2 (Sigma) and subsequent autoclaving).
- the 96-well column plate was placed on a 96-well microtiter plate and centrifuged for 4 min at 6000 rpm.
- the column plate was first dried in a vacuum chamber for 5 min at 37 ° C and then for 5 min. Then it was placed on another microtiter plate. 70 ul H 2 O (60 ° C) were added and then centrifuged for 3 min at 6000 rpm.
- the microtiter plate was stored at -20 ° C.
- the pellets were resuspended in 75 ul water (60 ° C) and centrifuged at 6000 rpm and 4 ° C for 10 minutes. The supernatant was stored in a 96-well microtiter plate at -20 ° C.
- FIG. 1 The schematic implementation of the screening process for non-selectable genes in a 96-hole format is shown in FIG. 1 shown.
- there medium-containing 96-well blocks were inoculated with aliquots of a normalized, non-amplified cDNA expression library which statistically contain individual bacterial clones. Plasmid DNA was isolated from these bacterial cultures using mini-columns (see item 1.4). A corresponding protocol without columns is described under point 1.5. Screening in this format allows four workers to screen a complete normalized cDNA library, typically containing about 250,000 clones, in about 1 to 4 weeks.
- plasmid DNA After subsequent washing in acetone, optionally with the addition of SDS, plasmid DNA of excellent quality could be obtained - corresponding to a purification using a cesium chloride gradient. About 10 ⁇ g of plasmid DNA were usually obtained from 900 ⁇ l LB medium with an OD260 / 280 of more than 1.8, of which 90% were in the supereoiled form.
- the apoptosis-inducing genes were screened by determining the activity of the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in the cell supernatant.
- SEAP secreted alkaline phosphatase
- a DNA sequence coding for SEAP was inserted into the BHK cells together with the cDNA expression vector on a reporter plasmid (Flanagan and Leder, Cell 63 (1 990), 1 85-1 95) under the control of the constitutive Moloney Virus LTR promoter ( or other cells such as HeLa cells) by cotransfection.
- a first measurement of SEAP activity was carried out 16 hours after transfection. This initial activity was used to normalize the subsequent activity determinations and set as the zero point (Fig. 3A). This normalization was done to compensate for different transfection efficiencies.
- FIG. 3B shows that the SEAP activity is reduced by a factor of 10 when a apoptosis-inducing gene is cotransfected compared to a control.
- the screen for apoptosis-inducing genes was also carried out by cotransfecting a GFP gene to mark the transfected cells and then determining the apoptosis by detecting phenotypic changes characteristic of apoptosis. For example, apoptopic cells have a contracted cytoplasm and therefore a reduced cell volume.
- an expression vector from the gene library were cotransfected with 1 ⁇ g each of the GFP vector (pLantern, Gibco BRL).
- the Transfected (and therefore fluorescent, since GFP positive) cells were examined at different times (1- 2-48 hours after transfection) under the fluorescence microscope (Axiovert 25 CFL, Zeiss) for phenotypic changes caused by apoptosis.
- the search was for cells with a reduction in cell volume. Since the GFP protein is distributed all over the cell, it was easy to identify such cells. The detection can be easily automated using suitable computer programs and fluorescence cameras.
- FIG. 6 shows the morphological changes which are caused by the transfection of ANT-1 in cells.
- This gene also induces other biochemical processes that are specific for apoptosis, e.g. the breakdown of DNA, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the activation of the cysteine proteases of the caspase family.
- ANT-1 is a component of the "Permeability Transition" complex in mitochondria, which is known to play a role in apoptosis induction. Isolation of this gene is therefore confirmation that the screen allows the isolation of genes that play a role in apoptosis induction.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00906243A EP1144618A1 (de) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-01-28 | Verfahren zur isolation von apoptose-induzierenden dna-sequenzen und detektionssystem |
AU27995/00A AU2799500A (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-01-28 | Method for isolating apoptosis-inducing dna sequences and detection system |
JP2000596136A JP2002535003A (ja) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-01-28 | アポトーシスを誘導するdna配列の単離方法及び検出システム |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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DE19903541 | 1999-01-29 | ||
DE19903541.5 | 1999-01-29 | ||
DE19950385.0 | 1999-10-19 | ||
DE19950385A DE19950385A1 (de) | 1999-01-29 | 1999-10-19 | Verfahren zur Isolation von Apoptose-induzierenden DNA-Sequenzen und Detektionssystem |
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WO2000044894A1 true WO2000044894A1 (de) | 2000-08-03 |
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PCT/EP2000/000683 WO2000044894A1 (de) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-01-28 | Verfahren zur isolation von apoptose-induzierenden dna-sequenzen und detektionssystem |
Country Status (4)
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EP (1) | EP1144618A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002535003A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2799500A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000044894A1 (de) |
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JP6723011B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-19 | 2020-07-15 | キヤノンメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | 被検細胞の細胞特性を評価するためのレポーターベクター、アッセイキット、方法および装置 |
Citations (7)
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EP0512767A1 (de) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-11-11 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Festphase-Extraktionsreinigung von DNA |
EP0555798A1 (de) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-18 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Celithydrat und Reinigung von DNS |
EP0648776A1 (de) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-04-19 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Oberflächenmaterial für Festphase-Extraktionsreinigung von DNA |
DE4342769A1 (de) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-06-22 | Europ Lab Molekularbiolog | Isolierung und Klonierung von für ein RNA-bindendes Protein kodierender cDNA sowie Untersuchung RNA-bindender Proteine |
WO1997010349A1 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-03-20 | Arch Development Corporation | Materials and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and for screening for candidate apoptosis inhibitors and inducers |
WO1998032880A1 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-30 | Immusol Incorporated | Gene functional analysis and discovery using randomized or target-specific ribozyme gene vector libraries |
WO1999064582A2 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-16 | Introgene B.V. | High-throughput screening of gene function using libraries for functional genomics applications |
-
2000
- 2000-01-28 JP JP2000596136A patent/JP2002535003A/ja active Pending
- 2000-01-28 WO PCT/EP2000/000683 patent/WO2000044894A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-28 EP EP00906243A patent/EP1144618A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-01-28 AU AU27995/00A patent/AU2799500A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0512767A1 (de) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-11-11 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Festphase-Extraktionsreinigung von DNA |
EP0555798A1 (de) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-18 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Celithydrat und Reinigung von DNS |
EP0648776A1 (de) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-04-19 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Oberflächenmaterial für Festphase-Extraktionsreinigung von DNA |
DE4342769A1 (de) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-06-22 | Europ Lab Molekularbiolog | Isolierung und Klonierung von für ein RNA-bindendes Protein kodierender cDNA sowie Untersuchung RNA-bindender Proteine |
WO1997010349A1 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-03-20 | Arch Development Corporation | Materials and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and for screening for candidate apoptosis inhibitors and inducers |
WO1998032880A1 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-30 | Immusol Incorporated | Gene functional analysis and discovery using randomized or target-specific ribozyme gene vector libraries |
WO1999064582A2 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-16 | Introgene B.V. | High-throughput screening of gene function using libraries for functional genomics applications |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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J. BERGER ET AL.: "Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase: a powerful new quantitative indicator gene expression in eucaryotic cells", GENE, vol. 66, 1988, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS,B.V.,AMSTERDAM,NL;, pages 1 - 10, XP002139165 * |
R.W. KING ET AL.: "Expression cloning in the test tube", SCIENCE, vol. 277, 15 August 1997 (1997-08-15), AAAS,WASHINGTON,DC,US, pages 973 - 974, XP002139166 * |
S. GRIMM AND P. LEDER: "An apoptosis-inducing isoform of neu differntiation factor (NDF) identified using a novel screen for dominant, apoptosis-inducing genes", J. EXP. MED., vol. 185, no. 6, 17 March 1997 (1997-03-17), ROCKEFELLER UNIV. PRESS, US, pages 1137 - 1142, XP002139164 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2799500A (en) | 2000-08-18 |
EP1144618A1 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
JP2002535003A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
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