WO2000044492A1 - Wasserunlösliche lineare polysaccharide zur filtration - Google Patents
Wasserunlösliche lineare polysaccharide zur filtration Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000044492A1 WO2000044492A1 PCT/EP1999/009288 EP9909288W WO0044492A1 WO 2000044492 A1 WO2000044492 A1 WO 2000044492A1 EP 9909288 W EP9909288 W EP 9909288W WO 0044492 A1 WO0044492 A1 WO 0044492A1
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- water
- filter medium
- filter
- microparticles
- insoluble linear
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/087—Single membrane modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/04—Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1669—Cellular material
- B01D39/1676—Cellular material of synthetic origin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/14—Esters of organic acids
- B01D71/16—Cellulose acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/18—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1241—Particle diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1291—Other parameters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of water-insoluble linear
- Filter processes for the separation of solid particles or of solutes from liquids or gases play an important role in many technical fields, for example wastewater treatment. The is of particular importance
- Porous media are generally used as filter media, through which the liquid or gaseous phase containing the substances to be separated flows.
- gas, liquid or solvent molecules pass through the pores of the filter medium, while dispersed or dissolved particles are retained on the surface of the porous medium or in its interior.
- Filter media such as those used in conventional separation processes, are, for example, paper, fabric or nonwovens made of metal, natural, synthetic and glass fibers, membranes, for example made of cellulose acetate, or sintered glass or porcelain.
- pre-assembled filter media consist for example of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymers.
- the materials are woven from synthetic or natural fibers, which in addition can be glued with a binder.
- slices are cut from the tissue and positioned, for example, in a sample tube.
- EP-A-826412 and WO 98/08594 Process for the production of filter elements in which substances such as microparticles, for example in
- Suitable microparticles include Made of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, glass, graphite, calcium phosphate or zinc polyphosphate or from organic materials such as highly cross-linked polysaccharides, such as those available under the trade name SUPERDEX®.
- JP-A-57,063,302 describes microparticles from amylose with a degree of swelling of> 5 for use in gel filtration.
- the amylose is first isolated from starch. Subsequently, aqueous alkaline solutions of amylose are used to form the microparticles in media in which the
- Amylose does not dissolve, or dissolves only poorly, and the particles are then made water-insoluble by chemical crosslinking, for example with epichlorohydrin.
- RO-A-61, 524 describes the use of amylose crosslinked with epichlorohydrin for gel filtration.
- US-A-3,350,221 describes the use of high amylose starch together with a melamine / formaldehyde resin to form filter sheets.
- the melamine resin obviously crosslinks with the hydroxyl groups of the starch and thus results in a water-stable filter film.
- JP-A-06,329,561 describes means for separating optically active connections. In doing so
- Polysaccharides such as cellulose or dextran chemically bound to silica gel.
- the separation of optical isomers with amylose-coated silica gel is described in JP-A-0,346,950.
- GB-A-2 247242 describes microparticles from amylose which are obtained from cyclodextrin or starch by the action of a cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. These water-soluble microparticles can be used in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic articles.
- the polysaccharides used according to the prior art must be chemically modified or crosslinked in order to meet the requirements as a separating material. This can lead to remaining chemicals and therefore undesirable side effects.
- the chemical modification or crosslinking also leads to swelling of the particles, which is often undesirable.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide filter media which, if appropriate, are also suitable for efficiently separating mixtures of substances without chemical modification of the starting material, which are stable, and which are versatile and advantageous, for example in analytical and preparative chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology and especially for microfiltration.
- the present invention therefore relates to filter media which comprise at least one water-insoluble linear polysaccharide.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing filter media, comprising the steps: (a) dissolving or suspending at least one water-insoluble linear polysaccharide in a suitable solvent or suspending agent; and
- the present invention furthermore relates to filter devices which contain a filter medium which comprises at least one water-insoluble linear polysaccharide.
- Filter media are understood to mean porous media through which a liquid or a gas can flow, particles dispersed, emulsified, suspended or dissolved in the liquid or gas due to, for example, sieving, affinity and / or adsorption effects on the surface of the porous Medium or retained inside.
- Filter devices are understood to mean devices with at least one filter medium that can be used to separate substances from liquids or gases.
- Polysaccharides are understood to mean macromolecular carbohydrates whose molecules consist of monosaccharide molecules linked to one another by glycoside.
- Water-insoluble polysaccharides are understood to mean polysaccharides which, according to the definition of the German Medicinal Products Book (DAB,ticianliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, Govi-Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt, 9th edition, 1987) correspond to classes 4-7 under the categories “not very soluble”, “poorly soluble”, “very poorly soluble” and “practically insoluble”.
- the water-insolubility of the polysaccharides used advantageously corresponds to classes 6 or 7 according to DAB.
- Linear polysaccharides are understood to mean polysaccharides whose degree of branching is at most 8%, i.e. whose main chain has a maximum of 8 side chains per 100 monosaccharide units.
- the degree of branching of the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides is preferably at most 4%, in particular at most 1.5%.
- the degree of branching in the 6-position is at most 4%, preferably at most 2% and in particular at most 0.5%, and the degree of branching in the other positions not involved in the links in the main chain, e.g. the 2- or 3-position in the case of the particularly preferred ⁇ -1, 4-D-glucan is preferably in each case a maximum of 2% and in particular a maximum of 1%.
- Suitable water-insoluble linear polysaccharides are, for example, water-insoluble linear mannans, pectins, galactans, xylans, fructans, pullulans, celluloses and amyloses. Insolubility in water can also be achieved through novel reaction routes.
- bio- and genetic engineering processes are particularly suitable for producing insoluble structures. This takes place, for example, by the production of special qualities, for example special purity, and / or by the production of special crystalline structures which cannot be obtained by known processes.
- Preferred water-insoluble linear polysaccharides are water-insoluble linear ⁇ -D-glucans and ⁇ -D-glucans. Water-insoluble linear ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans, for example amylose, and ⁇ -1,3-D-glucans are particularly preferred, with ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans being very particularly preferred.
- the polysaccharides used according to the invention are essentially not swellable or at most have a low swelling capacity.
- the degree of swelling of the polysaccharides used is expediently less than 1.0, preferably less than 0.8 and particularly preferably less than 0.3, the degree of swelling of the polysaccharide being defined as that volume (in ml) which 1 g is dry
- Water-insoluble linear polysaccharides are particularly preferred, for example ⁇ -D-glucans such as ⁇ -1, 4-D-glucans, which have no branches or whose degree of branching is so minimal that it can no longer be detected using conventional methods.
- Chemically and / or physically unmodified, water-insoluble linear polysaccharides are preferably used. Chemical and / or physical modifications are understood to mean, in particular, derivatizations of the polysaccharides by introducing special groups, covalent fixations on a carrier material, and subsequent crosslinking.
- water-insoluble linear polysaccharides can also be used, the properties of which, for example
- Adsorption properties for example by esterification and / or etherification in one or more of the positions not involved in the formation of the main chain, are chemically modified in a manner known per se.
- such a modification can take place, for example, in the 2-, 3- and / or 6-position.
- the size of the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides used according to the invention can vary within a wide range. This is convenient weight average molecular weight M w (determined by
- the molecular weight M w is preferably in a range from 10 4 g / mol to 10 5 g / mol and particularly preferably from 2 ⁇ 10 4 g / mol to 5 ⁇ 10 4 g / mol. Another beneficial one
- the range is between 2 x 10 3 g / mol and 8 x 10 3 g / mol.
- the polydispersity M w / M n of the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides used can vary within wide ranges. Preferred values for the polydispersity are in the range from 1.01 to 50, in particular from 1.5 to 15.
- the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides can be used alone or in a mixture with other polysaccharides suitable for the production of filter media.
- Polysaccharides of a single type are preferably used, in particular ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans.
- the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides used according to the invention can be of any origin.
- the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides can be obtained from natural plant and animal sources containing such polysaccharides by conventional isolation and purification.
- water-insoluble linear polysaccharides are advantageously obtained by biotechnological means.
- the natural producers of water-insoluble linear polysaccharides can be genetically manipulated so that they contain a higher proportion of unbranched or only slightly branched polysaccharides or contain a higher degree of purity than the unmanipulated organism.
- the desired water-insoluble linear polysaccharides can also be obtained from highly branched polysaccharides by chemical or enzymatic branching, for example with branching enzymes such as pullulanases, isoamylases and gluconohydrolases.
- the polysaccharides used according to the invention are preferably produced by biotransformation or biocatalytically.
- Biotransformation or biocatalytic production is understood here to mean that the water-insoluble linear polysacchatrides such as the ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans in vitro by catalytic polymerization of glucose molecules, likewise in the form of sucrose and / or glucose derivatives, under the action of a suitable enzyme, in particular of an enzyme with amylosucrase activity is produced under suitable conditions.
- ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans An advantageous method for obtaining water-insoluble linear ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans is described in WO 95/31553, the disclosure content of which is expressly referred to.
- the ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan is made from sucrose by means of a biocatalytic process under the action of an enzyme with amylosucrase activity, in particular with a
- Amylosucrase made from bacteria of the species Neisseria polysaccharea. These enzymes catalyze the formation of ⁇ -1,4-glycosidically linked glucans by releasing the D-fructose to release the glucosyl residue of the sucrose molecule according to the following reaction scheme
- water-insoluble linear ⁇ -1,4-D-glucans are synthesized from sucrose by means of enzymes with amylosucrase activity, preferably from Neisseria polysaccharea, in aqueous, buffer-free systems.
- the reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a water-soluble linear or branched ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan, for example a water-soluble dextrin or a water-soluble amylose, since those glucans act as glucosyl group acceptors on which the enzyme has an ⁇ -1,4-glucan chain extension catalyzed.
- a water-soluble linear or branched ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan for example a water-soluble dextrin or a water-soluble amylose, since those glucans act as glucosyl group acceptors on which the enzyme has an ⁇ -1,4-glucan chain extension catalyzed.
- Polysaccharides are water-insoluble linear polysaccharides in the sense of the present invention, since the degree of branching of the glucosyl group acceptor decreases sharply with increasing chain extension, that is to say with increasing degree of polymerization.
- the sucrose is used in a large molar excess to the acceptor. In this way, ⁇ -1, 4-D
- glucans with a molecular weight in the range of 0.75 x 10 2 g / mol to 10 7 g / mol.
- the linear oligomeric or polymeric acceptors can either be added from the outside, but they can also be produced from sucrose by the amylosucrase itself.
- the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides are used in the form of microparticles, it being possible for the microparticles to consist wholly or partly of these polysaccharides.
- the shape of the microparticles is not very critical, they are useful
- microparticles are used in a spherical form.
- Spherical microparticles are understood to be approximately spherical microparticles, the deviation in the axial lengths of which is not described by the ideal state of a sphere, which is described by axes of the same length, starting from a common origin, which define the radius of the sphere in all spatial directions is more than 40%.
- Spherical microparticles with deviations of not more than 25%, particularly preferably not more than 15%, are preferably used.
- the average diameter (number average) of the microparticles is advantageously in a range from 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 100 nm to 10 ⁇ m and particularly preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area of the microparticles is expediently in a range of
- the dispersity D d w / d n of the microparticles, where d w is the weight average of the diameter and d n the number average of the diameter of the microparticles, is advantageously in a range from 1 to 10, preferably from 1.5 to 5 and preferably from 2 to 3.
- dj means the diameter of the particles of the species i; nj the number of particles i with the diameter dj; and i represents a continuous parameter.
- weight does not stand for mass but for a weighted average, which means that the larger diameters are more important.
- the exponent 2 weights diameters of larger particles more.
- microparticles used according to the invention are described in the earlier German patent applications 19737481.6, 19839214.1-44, 19839216.8-44 and 19839212.5-43, to which reference is expressly made here and the disclosure of which likewise forms part of the present description.
- the preferably spherical microparticles are expediently obtainable by dissolving the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides in a suitable solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formamide, acetamide or N, N-dimethylformamide, introducing the solution into a precipitant, preferably water, and cooling the resulting mixture preferably 10 ° C to -10 ° C and separating the microparticles formed.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the structure and surface of the microparticles can be controlled by the type of precipitant, for example by completely or partially replacing water with dichloromethane.
- suitable additives for example anionic, cationic or nonionic surface-active substances such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-methylgluconamide, polysorbates as are available under the trade name Tween®, fatty acid glycol esters, alkyl polyglycol ethers,
- Alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymers such as Pluronic®, alkyl sulfates and sugars such as fructose, sucrose and glucose can also be used
- the structure, size and surface of the particles can be influenced.
- the concentration of the polysaccharide in the solution can vary within a wide range and is preferably between 0.1 g of polysaccharide per ml of solvent.
- Microparticles with a particularly smooth surface can be obtained if water-soluble cellulose derivatives, for example cellulose esters or cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate or cellulose nitrate, are added to the precipitant.
- water-soluble cellulose derivatives for example cellulose esters or cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate or cellulose nitrate
- Microparticles with an average size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m can advantageously be obtained in this process if a hot water-soluble ⁇ -D-glucan is added to the precipitant.
- the porosity of the microparticles can also be controlled by the choice of the water-insoluble linear polysaccharide or the process for its preparation. So can for example the addition of auxiliaries in the biotechnological production of the polysaccharides influence the porosity of the microparticles obtained from such polysaccharides.
- the porosity of microparticles which consist wholly or partly of water-insoluble linear ⁇ -1,4-glucans can be increased if the glucan is prepared from sucrose by means of amylosucrase in the presence of a glucosyl group acceptor, for example dextrin or glycogen .
- a glucosyl group acceptor for example dextrin or glycogen .
- the higher the concentration of the glucosyl group acceptor during the biotransformation the more porous the microparticles become.
- the microparticles can be chemically cross-linked or uncross-linked. In order to avoid the influence of interfering foreign chemicals that can be brought in during crosslinking, uncrosslinked microparticles are preferred.
- the filter media according to the invention can consist entirely or partially of water-insoluble linear polysaccharides. In an advantageous simple embodiment, the filter medium consists entirely of water-insoluble linear polysaccharides and, if appropriate, further auxiliaries and additives.
- the filter media according to the invention can be produced from the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides in a manner known per se by forming loose or solidified layers of various thicknesses, which consist entirely or partly of water-insoluble linear polysaccharides.
- Solidified layers can be produced, for example, by pressing the polysaccharides.
- the filter media according to the invention are produced by making the water-insoluble linear Polysaccharides are first dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent or suspending agent and then solidified in a porous form suitable for the filtering agent or the filter device.
- Suitable solvents are those that are also used in the preparation of the
- Microparticles are used, ie DMSO, formamide, acetamide, or N, N-dimethylformamide.
- Solidification from such a solution can be carried out, for example, by removing the solvent, for example by evaporating the solvent by heating or in vacuo, or the polysaccharides are precipitated by adding a precipitant, which can preferably also be removed subsequently, for example water.
- the polysaccharides used according to the invention are preferably in suspension, optionally in the form of microparticles.
- suspending agents examples include water and alcohols.
- the solidification can in turn be carried out by evaporating the suspension medium, for example by heating or in vacuo.
- Suitable solvents and suspending agents can also be hydrocolloids and
- Polymer solutions including resin solutions, which are solidified together with the polysaccharides according to the invention and embed them in a matrix.
- Suitable polymers are, for example, vinyl esters, polyamides and poly (meth) acrylates.
- solidifying particular care must be taken to ensure that a porous layer is formed and that the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides bearing the filter properties or the microparticles thereof are accessible to the substances to be separated.
- Such processes are described in detail in EP-A-826 412 and WO 98/08594.
- the filter media according to the invention can also contain other materials which are solidified together with the polysaccharides according to the invention and embed them in a matrix.
- Suitable polymers are, for example, vinyl esters, polyamides and poly (meth) acrylates.
- Change properties of the filter medium for example microparticles made of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, glass, graphite, calcium phosphate or zinc polyphosphate, or other auxiliaries and additives. Such are preferred Substances used that do not undergo a chemical reaction and no covalent bond with the polysaccharides.
- the filter media according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of filter devices for separating substances from liquids or gases.
- the filter medium is used in the filter devices together with at least one further porous element, which in the flow direction of the liquid or gas to be treated can be below and / or above the filter medium according to the invention and on top of this
- the filter medium according to the invention can serve as a support, support, fixation or cover layer for the filter medium according to the invention, or can also function as an additional filter medium.
- the filter medium according to the invention is fixed between two such elements in the filter device.
- the filter medium is expediently in direct contact with the at least one porous element and can be bound to it covalently or non-covalently.
- the porous, preferably microporous elements can, for example, be in the form of disks, plates, grids or nets, for example frits. They can be formed from a wide variety of materials and, for example, consist of solid particles connected to one another. Suitable materials from which such porous elements can consist are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyamides, polystyrene and polycarbonate,
- the elements can consist of fabrics made of natural or synthetic and semi-synthetic fibers or of metal nets.
- microporous elements such as glass filters and microporous membranes, such as those made from cellulose acetate or other cellulose derivatives, polyamides,
- Polyvinyl chloride, polysulfones and Teflon for microfiltration can be produced. Such elements are also described in EP-A-826412 and WO 98/08594. A simple layer of glass wool can also be used with the filter medium. If the filter media according to the invention are used together with another porous element as a carrier or fixing layer, the filter media can be solidified directly on this element.
- the filter medium can be introduced into a suitable container after its production and fixed there, or the filter medium can be formed directly in the container at the desired position.
- the container is designed in such a way that it allows the flow or passage of the liquids or gases which contain the substances to be separated.
- Filter devices which contain the filter medium according to the invention can, for example, be round filters which can be plugged onto a syringe, with the aid of which the liquid which contains the material to be separated is then pressed through the filter.
- the filter medium is expediently applied to a porous membrane, for example made of cellulose acetate, and / or fixed between two porous membranes.
- the filter medium according to the invention is located in a suitable hollow body, in particular a cylindrical hollow body.
- a suitable hollow body can be a syringe body, for example.
- the filter device can advantageously be connected to a sample or centrifuge tube so that the filtrate can be collected directly in a suitable container.
- the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides or microparticles thereof are suspended in water, expediently in an amount such that a spreadable mass is formed.
- This mass is applied to a porous element, preferably a microporous membrane, and distributed evenly.
- desired filters can be punched out and placed, for example, in a centrifuge tube and attached there in a suitable manner, for example by gluing or fusing.
- the filter medium can be produced on a porous element which has already been preformed in a filter device, for example on a microporous membrane located in a centrifuge tube.
- Such centrifuge tubes are sold, for example, by 5 Schleicher & Schuell under the name Centrex®.
- Loose solid layers are expediently produced by pouring the dry, powdery or particulate polysaccharide, for example by applying it to a porous carrier element or by enclosing the material 0 between two porous fixing elements.
- the separation of dissolved, colloidal, suspended or dissolved substances from liquids or gases can be carried out by sieving, affinity and / or adsorption effects of the filter medium according to the invention or the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides used therein.
- the filter devices and filter media according to the invention are suitable both for cleaning liquids or gases from undesired substances and for separating, cleaning and isolating the substances present in the liquids or gases.
- the separation of substances from liquids or gases takes place by allowing the liquids or gases to flow through the filter medium under conditions under which the substances to be separated are retained by the filter medium.
- the flow of liquids through the filter medium is expediently facilitated, for example, by applying an overpressure or underpressure to the filter device.
- the passage through the filter medium can also be facilitated by an o centrifugation step.
- the separated substances retained by the filter medium can be recovered, either mechanically if the separated ones Substances are on the outer surface of the filter medium, or by an elution step under conditions under which the separated substances are detached from the filter medium.
- the filter media according to the invention can be used for separation and
- Purification of biological material for example nucleic acids
- a sample containing the biological material under the conditions in which the biological material is retained by the filter medium, for example in a suitable buffer, through the filter medium and then, if necessary, this material after further washing steps, eluted from the filter medium.
- a particular advantage of the filter media according to the invention is that they are suitable for the separation and, if appropriate, cleaning of a large number of substances.
- These include active substances of all kinds such as colorants, flavors and fragrances, toxins, for example in cigarette smoke, natural and synthetic polymers and biological material, for example nucleic acids such as single and double-stranded linear DNA, plasmid DNA and RNA, proteins such as enzymes and antibodies or complexes of Nucleic acids and proteins, for example with nucleic acid or protein binding substances.
- the filter devices and filter media according to the invention are suitable both for preparative and analytical microfiltration on a laboratory scale, small amounts of valuable substances being able to be obtained largely from losses and without contamination, even from small sample volumes, and also for solid-liquid
- the filter media can also be handled easily and quickly, are resistant to a large number of solvents and, because of their biodegradability, are also environmentally friendly to dispose of.
- the water-insoluble linear polysaccharides used according to the invention have a high adsorption and retention capacity, which is essentially independent of the size and the chemical and biological structure of the substance to be filtered.
- the filter media can be produced quickly and easily. In particular, the production can be carried out by the user in accordance with the respective requirements and in small quantities, so that it is not necessary to use pre-assembled filters.
- the properties of the filter media can also be varied within a wide range and tailored to individual needs, for example by changing the porosity of the filter media, for example by varying the polysaccharide microparticles used, or by adding other substances. This is particularly important in scientific research.
- FIG. 1 shows a special embodiment of a filter device according to the invention, namely a filter device 1 which has a container 2 in the form of a cylindrical hollow body which contains the filter medium 3, for example in the form of microparticles.
- the filter medium is fixed between two porous elements 4 and 5.
- the device also has an inlet opening 6 for feeding liquid and an outlet 7 for the filtrate.
- Lane 1 marker (Boehringer Mannheim DNA Molecular Weight Marker X) lane 2 filter 2 without filter medium (blind reference) lane 3 filter 2 filled with filter medium according to the invention lane 4 filter 1: Qiagen® cartridge with filter medium according to the invention lane 5 filter 1: Qiagen® Midi drapep (Hilden , Germany) Reference lane 6 Filter 2 with filter medium lane 7 pure DNA plasmid solution (commercial plasmid pBluescript II SK) 3 shows the analysis (detection with ethidium bromide 0.5 pg / ml at 256 nm according to Example 9, note legend) of the eluates of the bound plasmid DNA from the filters according to the invention with a suitable buffer on an agarose gel; in fact
- Lane 1 marker (Boehringer Mannheim DNA Molecular Weight Marker X) lane 2 filter 2 without filter medium (blind reference) lane 3 filter 2 filled with filter medium according to the invention lane 4 filter 1: Qiagen® cartridge with filter medium according to the invention lane 5 filter 1: Qiagen® Midi drapep (Hilden , Germany) Reference lane 6 filter 2 with filter medium lane 7. pure DNA plasmid solution (commercial plasmid pBluescript II SK)
- Unit 1 ⁇ mol sucrose x min -1 x mg enzyme). The biotransformation was carried out in the absence of glucosyl group acceptors.
- the apparatus was fitted with a sterile KPG stirrer and closed and the mixture was stirred at 39 ° C. After just a few hours, a white one was already there
- glucan 1a obtained according to Example 1a
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- Riedel-de-Haen a fine suspension of microparticles was formed, which was separated off by decanting.
- the sediment was slurried and centrifuged for 5 min at 5000 rpm in an ultracentrifuge (type RC5C). The solid residue was slurried three times with bidistilled water and centrifuged again.
- the solids were collected and the still moist suspension was freeze-dried (Christ Delta 1-24 KD). 176 g of white solid were isolated (yield 88%).
- the microparticles thus obtained are spherical in shape and the majority of the particle diameters are between 2 and
- the specific surface was determined with a Sorptomatic 1990 (Fisons Instruments) using the "default method sorptomatic" setting. For the investigation, the samples were dried at 80 ° C. in a vacuum overnight, the ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan obtained having been ground beforehand using a commercial mill (Waring®), so that the average size of the particles was less than 200 ⁇ m was. The specific surface area was 4.5 m2 / g (microparticle 2a). b) The microparticles were prepared as in Example a), but the ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan (glucan 1b) obtained according to Example 1b) was used. The specific surface area was 2.9 r ⁇ ) 2 / g (microparticle 2b).
- the flushed liquid, the filtrate, was filled into a quartz cuvette and the
- glucan 1a ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan from example 1a
- glucan 1b ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan from example 1b
- microparticles 2a microparticles from example 2a
- microparticles 2b microparticles from example 2b
- Amylose from Merck AG obtained from potato starch (> 90% amylose content).
- a metal filter (Millipore, Micro-Syringe 25mm Filter Holder; USA) was prepared to produce a filter for the filtration of food colors.
- a 0.5 ⁇ m filter (Millipore, Filter Type FH, FHLC 047 00; USA) was placed on a
- the height of the sealing ring was approx. 2 mm.
- the microparticles (80 mg) were moistened with a little water so that just a spreadable mass was formed.
- the moistened microparticles were placed in the prepared filter holder.
- a fine metal sieve was placed over it. This arrangement was tightly closed with the upper part of the metal filter.
- the metal filter thus prepared was fixed on a disposable syringe (Beckton Dickinson). Then 4 ml of a 0.05% solution of a food coloring (Annatto W.S. 14% from ProAndina Rohstoffe GmbH) in deionized water were added to the syringe and pressed through the filter. The particles are visually colored. The dye cannot be removed from the water with fresh deionized water
- the outlet 7 had a diameter of 2-3 mm.
- a glass filter as a porous element 5 onto which 580 mg of a water-insoluble linear ⁇ -1,4-D-glucan (according to examples 2a and 2b) were applied as filter medium 3.
- the filter medium 3 was covered with a further glass filter as a porous element 4.
- filter 1 (see FIG. 1) was obtained.
- a further embodiment was designed like filter 1 with the exception that a cellulose filter was used as porous element 5 and a layer of glass wool was used as porous element 4. In this way, filter 2 was obtained.
- Disposable centrifuge filters (Schleicher & Schüll, eg Centrex, catalog number 467012 (April 1996): "Filter 1" in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) are used with 580 mg of the microparticles according to Example 2a and 2b as a filter medium with 3 ml of a Buffer 1 (see below) solution equilibrated. (if necessary, centrifuge (2000 rpm)).
- Each 5 ⁇ l eluate is provided with about 1/10 of the concentration with staining reagent (marker) and applied to an agarose gel plate (60% sucrose, 20 mM EDTA, 0.025% bromophenol blue) with subsequent gel electrophoresis (company Biorad, Power Supply, model 100 / 200).
- staining reagent labeled with staining reagent (marker)
- an agarose gel plate 60% sucrose, 20 mM EDTA, 0.025% bromophenol blue
- subsequent gel electrophoresis company Biorad, Power Supply, model 100 / 200.
- a marker MG 5,000
- the DNA plasmid solution used are applied as a reference. 2 shows that the sample DNA was retained on the filter medium according to the invention.
- the eluates (references as mentioned above) are applied to an agarose gel plate (60% sucrose, 20 mM EDTA, 0.025% bromophenol blue) subsequently a gel electrophoresis (company Biorad, Power Supply, model 100/200) was carried out (see FIG. 3).
- a marker MW 5,000
- the DNA plasmid solution lane 7
- Buffer 1 750 mM NaCl
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99973640A EP1154851A1 (de) | 1999-01-26 | 1999-11-30 | Wasserunlösliche lineare polysaccharide zur filtration |
AU13877/00A AU1387700A (en) | 1999-01-26 | 1999-11-30 | Water-insoluble linear polysaccharides for filtration |
US09/915,917 US20020074283A1 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 2001-07-26 | Water-insoluble linear polysaccharides for filtration |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19902917A DE19902917C2 (de) | 1999-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | Wasserunlösliche lineare Polysaccharide zur Filtration |
DE19902917.2 | 1999-01-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/915,917 Continuation US20020074283A1 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 2001-07-26 | Water-insoluble linear polysaccharides for filtration |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000044492A1 true WO2000044492A1 (de) | 2000-08-03 |
Family
ID=7895359
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/009288 WO2000044492A1 (de) | 1999-01-26 | 1999-11-30 | Wasserunlösliche lineare polysaccharide zur filtration |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020074283A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1154851A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU1387700A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19902917C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000044492A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005040223A1 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-06 | Bayer Cropscience Gmbh | Use of linear poly-alpha-1,4-glucans as resistant starch |
CN103938473A (zh) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-07-23 | 江南大学 | 一种电化学还原法织物仿旧整理的方法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10254636A1 (de) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-09 | Capsulution Nanoscience Ag | Verfahren zum Modifizieren von Mikropartikeln sowie Vorrichtung zum Modifizieren von Mikropartikeln |
DE102005042078B4 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-09-04 | Friedrich-Baur-Gmbh | Werkstoff für den überwiegend medizinischen, langfristigen in-vivo Einsatz und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
GB2463115B (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2013-04-10 | Schlumberger Holdings | Assemblies for the purification of a reservoir or process fluid |
JP6004515B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-20 | 2016-10-12 | 国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構 | 酵素の活性測定方法 |
FR3012978A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-15 | Biocarecell | Filtre biocompatible et procede de fabrication d'un filtre biocompatible. |
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US4143201A (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1979-03-06 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Polysaccharide beads |
EP0158884A2 (de) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-10-23 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | 1,3-Glucan enthaltendes Mittel zur Stofftrennung |
US5155144A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-10-13 | Manganaro James L | Polysaccharide-based porous sheets |
EP0541356A1 (de) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-12 | Sumiaki Tsuru | Filtermaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US5281338A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1994-01-25 | Archaeus Technology Group Limited | Method of decolorizing water |
WO1995031553A1 (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1995-11-23 | Institut Für Genbiologische Forschung Berlin Gmbh | DNA SEQUENCES CODING FOR ENZYMES CAPABLE OF FACILITATING THE SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR α-1,4 GLUCANS IN PLANTS, FUNGI AND MICROORGANISMS |
WO1998008594A2 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-05 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Method for producing microporous elements, the microporous elements thus produced and uses thereof |
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DE19839216C1 (de) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-01-20 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sphärischen Mikropartikeln, die ganz oder teilweise aus mindestens einem wasserunlöslichen Verzweigungen enthaltenden Polyglucan bestehen, sowie mit diesem Verfahren erhältliche Mikropartikel und die Verwendung |
DE19839214C1 (de) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-05-25 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sphärischen Mikropartikeln mit glatter Oberfläche, die ganz oder teilweise aus mindestens einem wasserunlöslichen linearen Polysaccharid bestehen, sowie mit diesem Verfahren erhältliche Mikropartikel und deren Verwendung |
-
1999
- 1999-01-26 DE DE19902917A patent/DE19902917C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-30 WO PCT/EP1999/009288 patent/WO2000044492A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-30 AU AU13877/00A patent/AU1387700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-30 EP EP99973640A patent/EP1154851A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-07-26 US US09/915,917 patent/US20020074283A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US4143201A (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1979-03-06 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Polysaccharide beads |
EP0158884A2 (de) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-10-23 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | 1,3-Glucan enthaltendes Mittel zur Stofftrennung |
US5281338A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1994-01-25 | Archaeus Technology Group Limited | Method of decolorizing water |
US5155144A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-10-13 | Manganaro James L | Polysaccharide-based porous sheets |
EP0541356A1 (de) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-12 | Sumiaki Tsuru | Filtermaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO1995031553A1 (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1995-11-23 | Institut Für Genbiologische Forschung Berlin Gmbh | DNA SEQUENCES CODING FOR ENZYMES CAPABLE OF FACILITATING THE SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR α-1,4 GLUCANS IN PLANTS, FUNGI AND MICROORGANISMS |
WO1998008594A2 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-05 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Method for producing microporous elements, the microporous elements thus produced and uses thereof |
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WO2005040223A1 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-06 | Bayer Cropscience Gmbh | Use of linear poly-alpha-1,4-glucans as resistant starch |
CN103938473A (zh) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-07-23 | 江南大学 | 一种电化学还原法织物仿旧整理的方法 |
CN103938473B (zh) * | 2014-03-06 | 2016-01-20 | 江南大学 | 一种电化学还原法织物仿旧整理的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1154851A1 (de) | 2001-11-21 |
US20020074283A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
AU1387700A (en) | 2000-08-18 |
DE19902917C2 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
DE19902917A1 (de) | 2000-08-03 |
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