Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P72/00—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof
  • H10P72/50—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof for positioning, orientation or alignment
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P72/00—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof
  • H10P72/70—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof for supporting or gripping
  • H10P72/76—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. clamps or pinches
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
  • E05C3/00—Fastening devices with bolts moving pivotally or rotatively
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
  • Y10T292/08—Bolts
  • Y10T292/0863—Sliding and rotary
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
  • Y10T292/08—Bolts
  • Y10T292/0863—Sliding and rotary
  • Y10T292/0866—Multiple head
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
  • Y10T292/08—Bolts
  • Y10T292/1043—Swinging
  • Y10T292/1075—Operating means
  • Y10T292/1083—Rigid

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the transfer of workpieces such as semiconductor wafers from a storage and transport pod to a process tool, and in particular to a system for ensuring that the pod door is firmly and securely retained on the port door as the pod door is removed from the pod and stowed in the process tool during wor piece transfer between the pod and process tool.
• a SMIF system proposed by the Hewlett-Packard Company is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,532,970 and 4,534,389.
• the purpose of a SMLF system is to reduce particle fluxes onto semiconductor wafers during storage and transport of the wafers through the semiconductor fabrication process. This purpose is accomplished, in part, by mechanically ensuring that during storage and transport, the gaseous media (such as air or nitrogen) surrounding the wafers is essentially stationary relative to the wafers, and by ensuring that particles from the ambient environment do not enter the immediate wafer environment.
• the gaseous media such as air or nitrogen
• a SMTP system has three main components: (1) minimum volume, sealed pods used for storing and transporting wafers and/or wafer cassettes; (2) an input/output (I/O) minienvironment located on a semiconductor processing tool to provide a miniature clean space (upon being filled with clean air) in which exposed wafers and/or wafer cassettes may be transferred to and from the interior of the processing tool; and (3) an interface for transferring the wafers and/or wafer cassettes between the SMTP pods and the SMTP minienvironment without exposure of the wafers or cassettes to particulates.
• I/O input/output
• SMTP pods are in general comprised of a pod door which mates with a pod shell to provide a sealed environment in which wafers may be stored and transferred.
• So called “bottom opening” pods are known, where the pod door is horizontally provided at the bottom of the pod, and the wafers are supported in a cassette which is in turn supported on the pod door.
• a pod door includes a front surface which is included as part of the sealed pod environment, and a rear surface which is exposed to the environment of the wafer fab.
• a pod In order to transfer wafers between a SMLF pod and a process tool within a wafer fab, a pod is typically loaded either manually or automatedly onto a load port on a front of the tool.
• the process tool includes an access port which, in the absence of a pod, is covered by a port door which includes a front surface exposed to the wafer fab environment and a rear surface which is part of the sealed environment within the process tool.
• the SMIF pod is seated on the load port so that the pod door and port door lie adjacent to each other. Registration pins are provided on the port door that mate with grooves in the pod door to assure a proper alignment of the pod door with respect to the port door.
• the pod Once the pod is positioned on the load port, mechanisms within the port door unlatch the pod door from the pod shell and move the pod door and port door together into the process tool where the doors are then stowed away from the wafer transfer path.
• the pod shell remains in proximity to the interface port so as to maintain a clean environment including the interior of the process tool and the pod shell around the wafers.
• a wafer handling robot within the process tool may thereafter access particular wafers supported in the pod for transfer between the pod and the process tool. It is extremely important to provide a clean, low particulate and contaminant environment around the exposed wafers within the process tool.
• the environment surrounding the process tools and SMTP pods include relatively high levels of particulates and contaminants as compared to within the pods and tools. As such, significant steps are taken to isolate SMLF pod and process tool interiors from the surrounding environment within the fab.
• the pod door and port door even though having surfaces exposed to the environment of the wafer fab, are typically brought into the interior of the process tool in preparation for wafer transfer between the pod and the tool.
• Coupling mechanisms are known for coupling the pod door to the port door as the pod door is removed from the pod and stowed in the process tool.
• the pod door will vibrate on the port door, or that the pod door will tilt or otherwise move t with respect to the port door. Any such vibration or movement may result in particulates and/or contaminants dislodging from the pod and/or port door surfaces and settling in the process tool.
• the port door may include a pair of suction cups connected to a vacuum source.
• the suction cups engage a surface of the pod door, and the vacuum source creates suction within the cups to hold the pod door to the port door.
• the mechanism includes a latch key protruding outwardly from the outer surface of the port door.
• the latch key is provided to mate within a slot of a door latch assembly within the pod door. Once the latch key is properly seated within the slot, the latch key is rotated by mechanisms within the port door to decouple the pod door from the pod shell. Such rotation at the same time couples the pod door to the port door.
• the latch key rotates, it simultaneously moves in the rearward direction ⁇ i.e. , back toward the port door) to thereby pull the pod door into a tight engagement with the port door.
• the latch key is affixed to a shaft including a rear threaded section.
• the threaded section is received within a threaded nut mounted within the port door so that the rotation of the latch key also moves the latch key rearward with respect to the nut.
• the nut may be affixed within the port door by screws fitting within adjustment slots provided through the nut. While the latch key is in a stationary position, loosening of the screws from within the adjustment slots allows rotation of the nut to the extent of the slots, which in turn translates the latch key forward or rearward with respect to the outer surface of the port door.
• This adjustment mechanism allows the height of the latch key in front of the port door surface to be adjusted to accommodate variations in pod door thicknesses.
• the nut adjustment assembly is capable of providing fine adjustment of the position of the latch key past the surface of the port door. The adjustment may be made more or less fine by decreasing or increasing, respectively, the pitch of the threads. Altering the thread pitch will also vary the translation of the latch key for a given rotation of the latch key.
• the nut may be mounted on a spring loaded plate which allows self-adjustment of the axial position of the latch key.
• a spring loaded plate which allows self-adjustment of the axial position of the latch key.
• the latch key and slot that receives the latch key preferably include smooth surfaces to minimize paniculate generation as the latch key rotates in the slot. However, in the event particulates are generated, they are trapped within the pod door.
• the latch key may be provided with rollers which lie in contact with the walls of the slot as the latch key rotates to further prevent particulate generation.
• FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a front opening SMIF pod located next to the port door of a process tool
• FIGURE 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the outer surface of a port door including a latch key protruding outwardly therefrom;
• FIGURE 2A is an alternative latch key configuration to that shown in Fig. 2 including rollers;
• FIGURE 3 is a front view of the interior of a port door including mechanisms for rotating the latch key
• FIGURE 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the latch key and mounting components according to the present invention for allowing rotation and translation of the latch key;
• FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of the assemblies mechanism in the port door for supporting, rotating and translating the latch key
• FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of a latch key and mounting components for allowing rotation and translation of the latch key according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention
• FIGURE 7A is a top view of a latch key and mounting components for allowing rotation and translation of the latch key according to a further alternative embodiment
• FIGURE 7B is a side view of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 7A.
• FIGURE 7C is a top view of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 7A in a retracted position.
• Figs. 1 -7C relate in general to mechanisms for decoupling a pod door from a pod and for tightly coupling the pod door to the port door as the pod door is removed from the pod and stowed in the process tool during workpiece transfer between the pod and process tool.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention operates in conjunction with a SMLF pod, it is understood that the present invention may operate with any of various containers. This includes 200mm and 300mm SMIF pods, bottom opening and front opening SMTP pods, and pods/boxes that do not operate according to SMIF technology. Additionally, the present invention may operate with containers carrying any of various workpieces, including wafers, reticles, and flat panel displays.
• the structure according to the present invention complies with and allows compliance with all applicable SEMI standards.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a 300mm front opening SMIF pod 20 including a pod door 22 mating with a pod shell 24 to define a sealed environment for one or more workpieces located therein. (The rear of the pod door 20 would ordinarily be facing the port door as the pod is loaded on the port. It is shown otherwise in Fig. 1 for clarity.) While pod 20 is illustrated as a 300mm front opening pod, as previously indicated, the size and type of the pod 63
• the pod In order to transfer the workpieces between the pod 20 and a process tool 28, the pod is loaded onto a load port 25 adjacent a port door 26 on a front of the process tool.
• the type of process carried out within tool 28 is not critical to the present invention, and may be any of various testing, monitoring, and/or processing operations.
• a front surface 30 of the port door 26 faces a rear surface 31 of the pod door 22, and includes a pair of latch keys 32 for being received in a,corresponding pair of slots 33 of a door latching assembly mounted within pod door 22.
• An example of a door latch assembly within a pod door adapted to receive and operate with latch key 32 is disclosed in U. S . Patent No. 4,995,430 entitled "Sealable Transportable Container Having Improved Latch Mechanism" , to Bonora et al. , which patent is assigned to the owner of the present invention, and which patent is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the pod door 22 In order to latch the pod door to the port door, the pod door 22 is seated adjacent the port door 26 so that the vertically oriented latch keys are received within the vertically oriented slots 33.
• FIG. 2 A An alternative latch key 32 is shown in Fig. 2 A including rollers 35 mounted on a pin 37 of the key.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes two latch key 32 and slot 33 pairs, each of which pairs are structurally and operationally identical to each other. As such, the following description may at times discuss only one of the latch keys and/or slots. However, it is understood that the description of the latch keys and slots, and the components associated therewith, applies equally to both of the latch keys and slots.
• the pod door may be coupled to the port door by a single latch key and slot pair, or more than two latch key and slot 63
• the latch keys 32 perform duel functions. They tightly couple/uncouple the port and pod doors, and they also actuate coupling/uncoupling of the pod door and pod shell.
• the latch keys 32 may perform only one or the other of these functions in alternative embodiments.
• latch keys 32 provide no coupling/uncoupling functions between the pod door and pod shell.
• the latch key 32 would merely latch and unlatch the pod door to and from the port door in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• An example of a system where the latch keys provide no coupling/uncoupling functions between the pod door and pod shell is disclosed for example in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
• the latch keys may only be provided to actuate coupling and uncoupling of the pod door to the pod shell.
• mechanisms other than the latch keys 32 may be provided for tightly coupling and uncoupling the pod door to the port door.
• the latch keys 32 are affixed to respective latch key mounting assemblies 34, explained in greater detail below.
• An actuator 36 is fixedly mounted to each of the latch keys 32 (as best seen in Fig. 4) which actuators 36 are connected to each other by a translating rod 38.
• a motor 40 drives a pair of pulleys 42 and 44 attached to each other via a timing belt 46.
• Pulley 44 is in turn attached to a lead screw 48 having a carriage 50 mounted thereon, which carriage moves back and forth along the lead screw upon the screw rotation.
• the carriage 50 is in turn connected to the translating rod 38 affixed to the actuators 36.
• rotation of the motor will cause translation of the rod 38 and a pivoting of the actuators 36 to thereby rotate the latch keys 32.
• various mechanisms and linkages may be substituted for those described above for transferring torque from the motor to the actuators 36 to thereby rotate the latch keys 32.
• the latch key mounting assembly includes a stationarily mounted bearing support block 52 including a bearing 54 fitting within a hole 56 formed in the port door.
• the latch key 32 includes a shaft 58 extending rearwardly therefrom, which shaft is rotatably supported within bearing 54 of the bearing support block 52.
• an actuator 36 is also mounted along the shaft 58 and, for example, secured thereto by a pin 60.
• the latch key mounting assembly 34 further includes a nut mounting block 62 which is stationarily mounted to the bearing support block 52. As the actuator 36 is fixedly mounted to the latch key shaft 58, a space may be provided between the nut mounting block 62 and the bearing support block 52 to allow slight translation of the actuator along the axis of rotation of the latch key as explained hereinafter.
• the latch key mounting assembly 34 further includes an axial adjustment nut 64 which is adjustably mounted to the nut mounting block 62 by a pair of screws 66.
• the screws 66 fit through respective arcuately shaped slots 68 provided axially through the adjustment nut 64 and into one of two alternate pairs of countersunk holes 63 in the nut mounting block.
• the adjustment nut 64 may be rotated to the extent allowed by the slots 68.
• the two alternate pairs of countersunk holes 66 are provided (as opposed to one such pair) to allow adjustment of the adjustment nut around 360° .
• the nut may be adjusted to a certain rotational extent (defined by the arc length of the slots 68). However, if the screws 66 are thereafter removed and inserted in the second alternate pair of holes 63 , further rotational adjustment may then be obtained.
• a rear section of latch key shaft 58 includes threads 70.
• the shaft 58 fits through the bearing 54, an opening in the actuator 36 and nut mounting block 62, and is received within the central opening of the adjustment nut 64.
• the central opening in the adjustment nut includes threads that mate with the threads 70.
• motor 40 will rotate the actuators 36, which in turn rotate the respective latch keys 32 to lock the pod door onto the port door.
• rotation of the latch key threads 70 within the threaded central opening in the adjustment nut 64 causes the latch key 32 to move rearwardly toward the port door as it rotates.
• the latch key 32 will engage the rear walls of the slot 33 as it translates rearward, thereby pulling the pod door into tight engagement against the port door.
• the actuator 36 may rotate the pod door latch key approximately 90° .
• the pitch of threads 70 may be approximately 100 to 150mils, so that a 90° rotation of the latch key results in an approximate 25 to 37mils translation of the latch key back toward the surface of the port door. It is understood that the pitch of threads 70 may be lesser or greater than 100 to 150mils in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
• thicknesses of the pod and/or port doors may vary, or it may otherwise be desirable to slightly adjust the distance by which the latch key protrudes past the front surface of the port door.
• screws 66 are loosened to allow rotation of the axial adjustment nut 64.
• the actuators 36 prevent rotation of the latch keys, so that rotation of the adjustment nut 64 will axially translate the latch key to protrude a greater or lesser extent past the front surface of the port door.
• the degree to which the axial position of the latch keys may be adjusted can be varied by increasing or decreasing the arcuate lengths of the slots 68 in the axial adjustment nut 64 and/or by varying the pitch of threads 70.
• the nut adjustment assembly is capable of providing a fine adjustment of the position of the latch key past the surface of the port door.
• the adjustment may be made more or less fine by decreasing or increasing, respectively, the pitch of the threads 70.
• the slots 68 may be replaced by screw holes to omit the above-described adjustment feature.
• FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in the exploded perspective view of Fig. 6.
• Fig. 6 is identical to the embodiment 263
• the nut mounting block 62 of the above-described embodiments is omitted and is instead replaced generally by a guide pin block 72 and a nut mating plate 74.
• the guide pin block 72 is affixed to the bearing support block 52 so as to be stationarily mounted within the port door.
• the guide pin block 72 includes at least two rearwardly extending guide pins 76 which guide pins include springs 78 circumjacent thereabout.
• the nut mating plate 74 includes holes 80 corresponding in numb,er and position to guide pins 76. Holes 80 have a slightly larger diameter than the guide pins 76, but a smaller diameter than that of springs 78.
• the nut mating plate 74 is affixed to the guide pin block 72 by retaining rings 82, which are fastened to a rear section of the guide pins after the guide pins 76 have been fit through the holes 80 in the nut mating plate 74.
• the nut mating plate 74 is capable of moving forward toward the guide pin block 72 against the biasing force of the springs 78 mounted around the guide pins 76.
• the axial adjustment nut 64 is affixed by screws 68 to the nut mating plate.
• the adjustment nut 64 may be made adjustable as a result of the screws 66 fitting within the arcuate slots 68. It is understood that the slots 68 may be omitted in this embodiment and replaced by screw holes to prevent rotation of, and manual adjustment by, the nut 64.
• the shaft 58 extends rearward through the bearing 54, the opening in the actuator 36, and through central openings in the guide pin block and nut mating plate so that the threads are received within the central opening of the adjustment nut 64 as described above.
• the guide pin block and nut mating plate together provide self -adjustment of the latch key mounting assembly to accommodate pod and port doors of varying thicknesses, and to provide for 63
• adjustment of the angular position of the adjustment nut 64 may in part control the point at which the nut mating plate 74 begins to move toward the guide pin block against the force of springs 78. Additionally, it is understood that the desired compressive force between the port and pod doors according to the present invention may be varied by varying the spring constant and/or degree of preloading of springs 78.
• the latch key 32 and slot 33 that receives the latch key preferably include smooth surfaces to minimize paniculate generation as the latch key rotates in the slot. Even if particulates are generated, they are trapped within the pod door and would not effect the environment within the process tool.
• the latch key may be provided with rollers 35 mounted on a pin 37 through the front end of the shaft 58. The rollers lie in contact with walls of the slot 37 as the latch key translates rearward. The rollers allow the latch key to rotate against the slot 37 wall without generating particulates, even upon a large compressive force between the latch key rollers and the slot walls.
• latch key mounting assembly utilizes the rotation of the latch key to also bring about translation of the latch key, it is understood that the latch key may be translated independently of its rotation.
• Alternative mechanical systems may be employed for causing the desired translation of latch key 32 and tight engagement between the pod door and port door in alternative embodiments of 63
• FIG. 7A- 7C One such alternative embodiment is shown in Figs. 7A- 7C.
• Figs. 7 A and 7B there is shown a top view of the latch key 32, and the shaft 58 extending rearwardly therefrom and extending through the port door 26, bearing support block 52, and the opening in the actuator 36.
• This embodiment further includes a U-shaped bracket 82 translatably mounted within the port door, a washer 84 fixedly attached to the end of shaft 58, and a helical spring 86 wrapped around the shaft 58 and compressed between a front wall 88 of the bracket ,82 and the washer 84.
• the washer 84 in a relaxed state, is biased rearwardly by spring 86 and abuts against a rear wall 90 of the bracket 82.
• the bracket 82 is initially translated forward (i.e. , toward the port door 26) by a known translation mechanism.
• the bracket 82 may be affixed to and driven by a lead screw or solenoid. This forward translation allows the latch key 32 to seat within the slot in the door latch assembly in the pod door.
• the latch key may initially be located far enough in front of the port door so that no initial forward translation of the translating bracket 82 is necessary.
• the translating bracket may translate rearwardly.
• the front wall 88 of bracket 82 will exert a force on spring 86, which in turn exerts a force on washer 84 to move the shaft 58 and latch key 32 rearward, thus pulling the pod door more tightly against the port door.
• the pod door 22 will be held sufficiently tight against the port door 26 to accomplish objectives of the present invention.
• the force opposing rearward translation of the latch key 32, shaft 58, and washer 84 will overcome the force of spring 86, at which point spring 86 will begin to compress as shown in Fig. 7C.
• spring 86 will act to hold the pod door tightly against the port door, and the mechanism will be self-adjusting to port doors and pod doors of varying thicknesses and tolerances.
• the desired compressive force between the port and pod doors may be varied by varying the spring constant and/or degree of preloading of spring 86.
• the shaft 58 and latch key would be affixed to a driver such as a lead screw or solenoid which would translate the latch key rearward during or after coupling of the pod door to the port door to provide a tight coupling between the doors.
• the shaft 58 may, for example, be mounted in a thrust bearing which is in turn mounted for translation to the driver.
• the thrust bearing would allow the shaft 58 and latch key 32 to rotate, while also exerting an axial load on the shaft to translate the shaft and latch key.
• the driver would drive the shaft 58 and latch key 32 rearward until a tight engagement between the pod and port doors is established.
• the latch keys 32 in addition to actuating the pod unlatch assembly and coupling the pod door to the port door, the latch keys 32 establish a tight contact between the pod door and the port door.
• mechanisms other than the latch key may accomplish the objective of pulling the pod and port doors into tight engagement.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,534,389 entitled “Interlocking Door Latch For Dockable Interface For Integrated Circuit Processing” , discloses a spring loaded latch and release cable (figure 5 of that Patent) for holding a pod door against the port.
• the port door include one or more magnets mounted in its front surface, which magnets align with a corresponding number of magnets on the rear surface of the pod door.
• the N-S poles of the port magnets align with the S-N poles, respectively, of the pod magnets so that the pod door is attracted into firm engagement with the port door.
• the magnets in the port (or, alternatively in the pod) may be rotationally supported in the port so as to be able to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the surfaces of the port and pod doors.
• the magnets When the pod door is to be returned to the pod, the magnets are rotated so that the N-S poles of the port magnets align with the N-S poles, respectively, of the pod magnets. In this position, juxtaposed magnets will repel each other, and the pod door may be returned to the pod.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (22)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (22)

• 1998
  • 1998-07-14 US US09/115,414 patent/US6502869B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1999
  • 1999-07-12 EP EP99935511A patent/EP1105605B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-12 JP JP2000560345A patent/JP4436973B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-12 WO PCT/US1999/015726 patent/WO2000004263A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1999-07-12 KR KR1020017000511A patent/KR100615102B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-12 DE DE69934014T patent/DE69934014T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-08-13 TW TW088111853A patent/TW439167B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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