WO2000003051A1 - Alliage amorphe presentant une excellente resistance a la flexion et aux chocs et son procede de production - Google Patents
Alliage amorphe presentant une excellente resistance a la flexion et aux chocs et son procede de production Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000003051A1 WO2000003051A1 PCT/JP1999/003385 JP9903385W WO0003051A1 WO 2000003051 A1 WO2000003051 A1 WO 2000003051A1 JP 9903385 W JP9903385 W JP 9903385W WO 0003051 A1 WO0003051 A1 WO 0003051A1
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- alloy
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- amorphous alloy
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- impact
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/10—Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/003—Making ferrous alloys making amorphous alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an amorphous alloy having excellent bending strength and impact strength.
- an amorphous metal material having various shapes such as a ribbon shape, a filament shape, and a granular material shape can be obtained by rapidly cooling a molten alloy.
- Amorphous alloy ribbons can be easily produced by methods such as the single-necked-roll method, twin-roll method, and spinning-in-rotating-liquid spinning method, which provide high cooling rates.
- amorphous alloys exhibit industrially extremely important properties such as high corrosion resistance and high strength that cannot be obtained with crystalline metal materials, and have been used in new fields such as structural materials, medical materials, and chemical materials. Application is expected.
- amorphous alloys obtained by the above-described manufacturing method are limited to thin ribbons and thin wires, and it is difficult to process them into a final product shape using them. Was limited.
- amorphous alloy ingots with dimensions sufficient to meet the requirements of structural materials.
- an amorphous alloy lump having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 50 mm (see the Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, 1995, 36, 1184), and Pd-Ni-Cu- In the P series, amorphous alloy ingots with a diameter of 72 and a length of 75 mm have been obtained (see Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, European, 1997, 38, 179).
- These amorphous alloy ingots have a tensile strength of 1700 MPa or more and a Vickers hardness of 500 or more, and are expected to be extremely high-strength structural materials. Disclosure of the invention
- the above-mentioned amorphous alloy ingot has poor elastic-plastic deformation ability at room temperature due to its disordered atomic structure (glassy), and is not accompanied by strength due to bending strength and impact load. Poor sex. Therefore, there has been a demand for the development of an amorphous alloy having improved strength against bending and impact loads without deteriorating the high strength properties due to the amorphous structure, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors provide an amorphous alloy having improved bending strength and impact strength that can be used practically without impairing the high strength characteristics due to the amorphous structure.
- As a result of diligent research on the purpose of this study as a result of pressurizing and solidifying the molten alloy with the ability to form an amorphous body at a pressure exceeding 1 atm, and by appropriately adjusting the cooling rate during solidification, fine crystals are formed in the amorphous alloy.
- An amorphous alloy ingot having a structure in which is dispersed is obtained, and it is found that this amorphous alloy ingot has high strength against bending and impact load, The present invention has been completed.
- the present inventors have compared the amorphous alloy with improved bending strength and impact strength with elements such as boron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine having a smaller atomic radius than a metal element. Bending strength of the amorphous alloy by penetrating from the surface of the amorphous alloy to form a high melting point compound and leaving a continuous compressive stress layer from the surface of the amorphous alloy due to volume reduction when the compound is generated It has been found that the impact strength is further improved, and the present invention has been completed.
- the molten alloy having the ability to form an amorphous body is pressurized and solidified at a pressure exceeding 1 atm, and the cooling rate during the solidification is adjusted so that the average crystal grain size in the amorphous alloy ingot is reduced.
- ⁇ ⁇ ! To provide an amorphous alloy having a minimum thickness of 2 mm or more and excellent in bending strength and impact strength, in which fine crystals having a crystal volume fraction of 5 to 40 ⁇ m and a crystal volume fraction of 5 to 40% are dispersed, and a method for producing the same. It is.
- the present invention provides a high melting point compound of at least one of boron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine, which has permeated from the surface of the amorphous alloy mass produced by the above method, and an element forming an amorphous alloy. Is deposited inside the alloy, and the structure is inclined from the surface layer toward the inside, whereby an amorphous alloy having excellent bending strength and impact strength in which a compressive stress layer is formed on the surface of the alloy and a method for producing the same. Is provided.
- the ability to form an amorphous alloy differs depending on the alloy system to be manufactured, so that the cooling rate (critical cooling rate) required for forming an amorphous alloy differs.
- the cooling rate critical cooling rate
- the ability to form an amorphous alloy differs depending on the alloy system to be manufactured, so that the cooling rate (critical cooling rate) required for forming an amorphous alloy differs.
- critical cooling rate For example, about 100 ° C / sec for the Zr and La systems, about 1.6 ° C / sec for the Pd system, and about 100 ° C / sec for the Fe system.
- the amorphous alloy of the present invention has a minimum thickness of 2 mm or more by the above-described manufacturing method.
- the thickness is less than 2 mm, a sufficient cooling rate for amorphization can be obtained and an amorphous alloy plate can be easily prepared, but the critical cooling rate of the alloy is reduced by about 20 to 50%. It becomes difficult to solidify the molten alloy while adjusting the cooling rate to obtain an amorphous alloy having a crystal grain size and a crystal volume fraction as defined in claim 1.
- the thickness of the amorphous forming alloy which has been found up to now has reached a thickness of 72 mm, but the crystal grain size and the crystal size specified in claim 1 have been defined. If the thickness exceeds about 1 Omm in the range of the cooling rate at which the volume fraction can be realized, coarse intermetallic compounds are precipitated inside the alloy, and the mechanical properties are significantly impaired. Therefore, the thickness of the amorphous alloy is preferably 2 mm or more, and is preferably about 1 Omm or less in terms of mechanical strength.
- the effective pressing force at the time of solidifying the molten metal is more than 1 atm, more preferably 2 atm or more. If the applied pressure is less than 1 atm, defects generated during fabrication cannot be crushed and eliminated.
- injection molding methods such as die compression by hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, electric drive and the like, die casting and squeeze casting are preferably used.
- the average particle size of the crystals contained in the amorphous phase is 1 ⁇ !
- the crystal volume fraction was defined as 5 to 40%. This requirement is indispensable for improving the strength against bending and impact load, which is the basis of the present invention. That is, when the average crystal grain size is less than 1 nm, the fine crystals do not effectively act on the improvement of bending strength and impact strength. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 Atm, this coarsely grown crystal acts as a starting point of fracture, lowering the strength against bending and impact loads, but also deteriorating the original amorphous high-strength properties. . More preferably, 10 On! ⁇ 10 / m.
- the volume fraction has a correlation with the crystal grain size, and the volume fraction generally decreases as the crystal grain size decreases. If the crystal volume fraction is less than 5%, as in the case of an average crystal grain size of less than 1 nm, the fine crystals do not effectively improve the strength against bending and impact loads. If the crystal volume fraction exceeds 40%, the crystal breaks down as in the case of the average crystal grain size exceeding 50 ⁇ m. It acts as a point and impairs not only the bending and impact but also the high strength properties inherent to amorphous. More preferably, it is 10% to 30%.
- Ordinary metal crystals have an axis of easy deformation that is easily deformed in part because of their regular atomic arrangement.
- the strength of the metal crystal material is defined by the axis of easy deformation.
- amorphous alloys are structurally characterized by an isotropic and disordered atomic arrangement, and therefore do not have anisotropy, which tends to cause partial elasto-plastic deformation.
- there is no partially low strength axis and hence the amorphous alloy exhibits high strength properties.
- the lack of the elasto-plastic easy axis causes a decrease in bending strength and strength against impact load.
- the crystal when a crystal having a constant grain size and a constant volume fraction is dispersed in an amorphous alloy, the crystal acts to relieve internal stress generated in the amorphous due to externally applied stress. Having. In addition, since the crystal shrinks during solidification, it solidifies while giving residual compressive stress to the surrounding amorphous phase, and thus has the effect of improving the strength of the amorphous phase itself.
- Equation (1) uses the amorphous and crystalline thermal expansion coefficients ⁇ and Is expressed as the following equation (2).
- f v 3 (a-a ') ⁇ / (1 + ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (2)
- E in the above equation (2) indicates the elastic modulus.
- the elastic modulus (E) and the volumetric strain ( ⁇ V) have the relationship of the following equation (3).
- This value substantially corresponds to the improvement in bending strength of an amorphous alloy in which crystalline particles are mixed, which will be described later. Therefore, the amorphous solidified with the mixture of the crystalline remains large internal stress, and it is presumed that this internal stress improves the strength against bending and impact loads.
- a surface treatment method using a salt bath and gas is more preferably used. Control of the thickness and texture gradient of the residual compressive stress layer on the surface is easily achieved by the processing temperature and time.
- the surface of the sample that has been subjected to diffusion treatment at 500 ° C. for 3 minutes, which is the supercooled liquid region of the alloy, has ⁇ -ZrC (melting point: 3430 ° C) was identified by X-ray diffraction, and the hardness of the cross section showed a gradual hardening over a depth of about 100 m from the surface.
- a high melting point compound was formed on the surface of the amorphous alloy by ion implantation and diffusion treatment, and that the compound had a composition gradient from the surface toward the inside.
- the cause of the compressive stress remaining on the amorphous surface due to the permeation of the element and the cause of the improvement in the bending strength and impact strength of the amorphous alloy due to the residual compressive stress will be described.
- An ordinary metal crystal has an axis of easy deformation that is partially deformable due to its regular atomic arrangement.
- the strength of the crystalline metal material is defined by the axis of easy deformation.
- amorphous alloys are structurally characterized by isotropic and disordered atomic arrangements, and therefore do not have anisotropy, which tends to cause partial plastic deformation. Therefore, there is no partially low-strength axis, and therefore, the amorphous alloy exhibits high strength and high elasticity limit characteristics.
- the lack of an axis of easy plastic deformation causes a decrease in bending strength and strength against impact loads.
- amorphous substance particularly an oxide glass
- the glass is cooled by a wind force during solidification to leave a compressive stress in the surface layer, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the glass.
- Tempered glass is generally commercially available.
- the essence of this strengthening mechanism lies in the residual compressive stress of the surface layer.
- a metal generally requires a large cooling rate for amorphization, it is difficult to precisely control the application of residual compressive stress by the cooling rate. Leaving compressive stress on the surface of the amorphous alloy, as shown in the present invention, has the same effect as wind-strengthening usually used for oxide glass.
- Infiltration elements used in the present invention generally have a smaller atomic radius than metal elements. This suggests that penetrating elements can be easily diffused into amorphous alloys having relatively large voids (free volume) compared to crystalline alloys. In addition, some amorphous alloys transition to a supercooled liquid state before crystallization when heated at a constant heating rate, and the free volume increases rapidly. In the case of crystalline alloys, the penetration of elements is extremely concentrated near the surface, whereas in the case of amorphous alloys that transition to the supercooled liquid state due to this transition phenomenon, the penetration depth is greatly increased.
- these infiltration elements generate compounds and elements constituting the amorphous alloy.
- This compound for example, Z r with respect to base amorphous alloys, boron, carbon, oxygen and infiltrated and diffused nitrogen, the resulting compounds, respectively, Z r B 2, ⁇ - Z r C, ⁇ - Z r 0 2 -x, a Z r N.
- These compounds generally have a melting point of about 300 ° C. and a hardness sufficient to form a tool edge.
- a compound obtained by reacting a known amorphous alloy with a base metal also has similar properties. These formed compounds have crystallinity and condense and decrease in volume upon formation.
- This volume reduction causes compressive stress to remain in the amorphous alloy around the crystal.
- the fracture behavior of the amorphous is attributed to the breaking of bonds between atoms. This bond is easily broken by tensile stress, but it is said that it is difficult to crush the bond by compressive stress. Furthermore, it is said that the origin of this bond breaking is the stress concentration area near the surface flaw ("Invitation to Glass", Tsutomu Minami, Sangyo Tosho, 1993, pp. 98). Therefore, applying compressive stress to the amorphous surface in advance can be said to be an effective method to prevent the destruction of the amorphous alloy.
- the compound consisting of the infiltrating element and the constituent element of the amorphous alloy is the mechanism for generating the surface residual compressive stress, and the bending and impact strength can be effectively improved by this stress.
- Example 1 For a material having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 (Examples 1 to 3), a 3 mm-thick non- A crystalline alloy ingot was prepared. Tensile strength ( ⁇ f) and hardness were measured using an Instron tensile tester and a Vickers microhardness tester. Impact value and bending strength were evaluated by Charpy impact test and three-point bending test.
- the cooling rate is intentionally increased or decreased with an amorphous alloy lump (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and a compression molding apparatus by a normal pressureless die casting, and is defined in the claims.
- Amorphous alloy blocks (Comparative Examples 4 to 8) which did not satisfy the average crystal grain size or the crystal volume fraction were prepared.
- d av is the average grain size
- Vf is the crystal volume fraction
- Hv is the Vickers hardness
- P max, ⁇ , and ab are the bending, respectively. Indicates the maximum load, maximum deflection and bending strength in the test.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the mold was manufactured under no pressure conditions despite having the same composition as Examples 1 and 2 and satisfying the crystal grain size and volume fraction specified in the claims.
- the impact value and the bending strength are not improved at around 70 and 170 OMPa, respectively.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 the pressurizing conditions and the alloy composition at the time of fabrication were the same as in Examples 1 and 2, but the cooling rate was not adjusted and the quenching was sufficiently performed to determine the scope of the claims. Satisfying the average crystal grain size but not satisfying the crystal volume fraction j. In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the original tensile strength and hardness of the amorphous alloy were not impaired, but the impact value and flexural strength were equivalent to those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the effect of dispersion of fine crystals was obtained. It is not allowed.
- Comparative Examples 5 and 6 growth was performed at a higher temperature than the optimum manufacturing conditions in Examples 1 to 3, thereby lowering the cooling rate and growing more than 50 ⁇ , which specifies the average crystal grain size in the claims. It was made. Due to the growth of crystal grains, the impact value and bending strength of the alloy are lower than that of the amorphous single-phase material without pressure structure (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), and the presence of coarse grains adversely affects the impact value and bending strength. It is understood that In addition, the intrinsic tensile strength of the amorphous is significantly impaired by the increase in the average crystal grain size.
- the average particle size 1 ⁇ ⁇ ! By producing an amorphous alloy block in which fine crystals of up to 50 / Xm are dispersed with a volume fraction of 5 to 40%, the impact load can be maintained without impairing the original tensile strength of the amorphous alloy. And bending loads
- the strength with respect to 20 can be greatly improved.
- Examples 4 and 5 consisting of the alloy composition shown in Table 2, a pressure of 3 atm and a water-cooled copper mold were used to request a thickness of 3 mm using a pressure forming machine capable of compressing the mold by air pressure.
- Amorphous alloy samples satisfying the average crystal grain size and crystal volume fraction specified in paragraph 1 were prepared, and then processed by various surface compressive stress application methods shown in Table 2. (Examples 4 and 5) were prepared.
- an amorphous single-phase alloy (Comparative Examples 9 and 10) produced by a normal pressureless die casting and an average crystal grain size specified in claim 1 were measured using a pressure casting apparatus.
- the amorphous alloys satisfying the crystal volume fraction but not subjected to the subsequent strengthening treatment (Comparative Examples 11 and 12) were used as the amorphous single-phase alloys by the normal non-pressing die structure.
- Amorphous alloy samples (Comparative Examples 13 and 14) treated by various surface compressive stress applying methods embodying the strengthening method of the present invention were produced.
- Tensile strength ( ⁇ ( ) and hardness were measured using an Insulin tensile tester and Vickers hardness tester. Impact value and bending strength were evaluated by a Charpy impact test and a three-point bending test.
- the amorphous alloys of Examples 4 and 5 had 180 kJ / m It has an impact value of more than 2 and a flexural strength of more than 400 OMPa, and the tensile strength of bow I shows a value of about 160 OMPa.
- the presence of the appropriate crystallites and subsequent strengthening have achieved a significant improvement in bending and impact strength with little loss of the intrinsic tensile strength of the amorphous.
- Comparative Examples 9 and 10 in which the mold was manufactured under no pressure conditions had impact values and flexural strengths of about 70 and 170 OMPa, respectively, despite having the same composition as Examples 4 and 5. It is about.
- Comparative Examples 11 and 12 the average particle size and volume fraction of the microcrystals were the same as in Examples 4 and 5, but the impact value and flexural strength were measured because no strengthening treatment was performed after production. Inferior to Examples 4 and 5. Further, in Comparative Examples 13 and 14, the amorphous single-phase sample produced by the die production under no pressure was subjected to a strengthening treatment, but the impact value and the bending strength were about 120 and respectively. It is about 270 OMPa.
- an amorphous alloy mass in which fine crystals having an average crystal grain size of 1 nm to 50 / m are dispersed with a volume fraction of 5 to 40% by an appropriate pressurizing condition and cooling rate is produced, After that, boron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine with a small atomic radius are heated in a gas, and then subjected to a strengthening treatment such as a diffusion heat treatment after ion implantation, so that the intrinsic tensile strength of the amorphous material is hardly impaired. Significant improvements in strength against bending and impact loads can be achieved.
- the present invention can provide an amorphous alloy having excellent strength against bending and impact loads and having high reliability as a practical structural material.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99926803A EP1036854B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 1999-06-24 | Amorphous alloy having excellent bending strength and impact strength, and method for producing the same |
US09/486,948 US6582538B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 1999-06-24 | Method for producing an amorphous alloy having excellent strength |
DE69928217T DE69928217T2 (de) | 1998-07-08 | 1999-06-24 | Amorphe legierung mit hervorragender biegefestigkeit und schlagzähigkeit und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP10/210414 | 1998-07-08 | ||
JP21041498A JP3852805B2 (ja) | 1998-07-08 | 1998-07-08 | 曲げ強度および衝撃強度に優れたZr基非晶質合金とその製法 |
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WO2000003051A1 true WO2000003051A1 (fr) | 2000-01-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP1999/003385 WO2000003051A1 (fr) | 1998-07-08 | 1999-06-24 | Alliage amorphe presentant une excellente resistance a la flexion et aux chocs et son procede de production |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6582538B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1036854B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3852805B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69928217T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000003051A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (17)
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JP3852809B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-30 | 2006-12-06 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 高強度・高靭性Zr系非晶質合金 |
JP3852810B2 (ja) | 1998-12-03 | 2006-12-06 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 高延性ナノ粒子分散金属ガラスおよびその製造方法 |
EP2460544A1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2012-06-06 | Tyco Healthcare Group LP | Medical Devices with Amorphous Metals and Methods Therefor |
JP2008155333A (ja) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 金属ガラスを用いたマイクロマシン及びそれを用いたセンサ並びにその製造方法 |
CN101987396B (zh) * | 2009-07-31 | 2014-02-19 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 锆基块体非晶合金激光焊接方法及焊接结构 |
CN102041461B (zh) * | 2009-10-22 | 2012-03-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种锆基非晶合金及其制备方法 |
CN102080165B (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2013-04-10 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种锆基非晶合金的制备方法 |
CN102240926B (zh) * | 2010-05-13 | 2013-06-05 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 锆基块体非晶合金表面研磨方法 |
KR101376074B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-03-21 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 비정질 형성능을 가지는 결정질 합금, 그 제조방법, 스퍼터링용 합금타겟 및 그 제조방법 |
US20160289813A1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2016-10-06 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Method for manufacuring amorphous alloy film and method for manufacturing nanostructured film comprising nitorgen |
KR101501067B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-07 | 2015-03-17 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 비정질 형성능을 가지는 결정질 합금, 그 제조방법, 스퍼터링용 합금타겟 및 그 제조방법 |
CN103866209B (zh) * | 2014-04-03 | 2017-01-25 | 东莞台一盈拓科技股份有限公司 | 锆基合金锭及其制备方法和制得的锆基非晶合金 |
CN104878328B (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-10-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 结构可控TiZr基非晶复合材料及其制备 |
KR102487913B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-01 | 2023-01-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비정질 합금 패터닝 방법, 그 방법으로 제조된 비정질 합금 패턴 구조물, 돔 스위치 및 돔 스위치 제조 방법 |
KR102193282B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-12-22 | 박상준 | 경도가 우수하며 정밀 사출이 가능한 친환경 합금 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN112024844A (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-04 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | 一种非晶合金的压铸成型方法 |
CN116497300B (zh) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-10-27 | 上海大学 | 一种采用低温热循环处理调控非晶合金残余应力和回春行为的方法 |
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- 1999-06-24 US US09/486,948 patent/US6582538B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-24 DE DE69928217T patent/DE69928217T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3852805B2 (ja) | 2006-12-06 |
US6582538B1 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
DE69928217T2 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
EP1036854A4 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
DE69928217D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
JP2000026944A (ja) | 2000-01-25 |
EP1036854A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 |
EP1036854B1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
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