Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with a method of use of compounds of formula (I) for the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• Proliferation of smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall in response to local injury is an important aetiologic factor of vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty.
• the incidence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been reported to be as high as 45% within three to six months after PTCA treatment (Indolfi et al., Nature medicine, j_, 541 - 545 (1995)).
• PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
• compounds that inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation can be very useful to prevent or treat vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
• Heparin is a well known compound to inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells after coronary angioplasty (Buchwald et al., /. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 28, 481 - 487 (1996)).
• the compounds of formula (I) can be used to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. Consequently, the present invention relates to a method of use of compounds of formula (I) for treating vascular proliferative disorders in a warm-blooded animal.
• the present invention relates to a method of use of compounds of formula (I)
• R 9 is hydroxy, C ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxy, amino, Ci-salkylamino or Ci-salkylamino substituted with C ⁇ -6alkyloxycarbonyl;
• R 2 , R 3 and R 16 each independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C ⁇ -6alkyl
• Ar 2 C ⁇ -6alkyloxy, hydroxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxycarbonyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethoxy, C2-6alkenyl, 4,4-dimethyloxazolyl; or when on adjacent positions R 2 and R 3 taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula
• R 4 and R 5 each independently are hydrogen, halo, Ar 1 , C ⁇ -6alkyl, hydroxyC ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxyC ⁇ -6alkyl , C ⁇ -6alkyloxy, C ⁇ -6alkylthio, amino, hydroxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -. 6 alkyloxycarbonyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkylS(O)C ⁇ -6alkyl or C ⁇ -. 6 alkylS(O) 2 C ⁇ -.
• R 6 and R 7 each independently are hydrogen, halo, cyano, C ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxy, Ar 2 oxy, trihalomethyl, C ⁇ -6alkylthio, di(C ⁇ _6alkyl)amino, or when on adjacent positions R 6 and R 7 taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula
• R 8 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxycarbonyl, C 1 - ⁇ alky IcarbonylC 1 - ⁇ alky 1, cy anoC 1 _6alkyl , C 1 _6alkyloxy carbonylC 1 - ⁇ lky 1, carboxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, hydroxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, aminoCi-galkyl, mono- or di(C ⁇ -6alkyl)aminoC ⁇ -6alkyl, imidazolyl, haloC ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxyC ⁇ -6- ⁇ lkyl, aminocarbonylC ⁇ -6alkyl, or a radical of formula
• R 10 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6- ⁇ lkyl, C ⁇ _6alkylcarbonyl, Ar 1 , Ar 2 C ⁇ _6alkyl,
• R 11 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -1 2 - ⁇ lkyl, Ar 1 or Ar 2 C ⁇ -6alkyl
• R 12 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl, Ci-jgalkylcarbonyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonyl,
• C ⁇ -6alkylaminocarbonyl Ar 1 , Ar 2 C ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkylcarbonylCi- 6alkyl, a natural amino acid, A ⁇ carbonyl, Ar 2 C ⁇ -6alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylcarbonyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxyC ⁇ -6alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, aminocarbonyl, di(C ⁇ -6alkyl)aminoC ⁇ -6alkylcarbonyl, amino, C ⁇ -6alkylamino, C ⁇ -6alkylcarbonylamino, or a radical or formula
• Alk 2 is C ⁇ -6alkanediyl
• R 13 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkylcarbonyl, hydroxyCi- ⁇ alkyl, Ar 1 or Ar 2 C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl;
• R 14 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl, Ar 1 or Ar 2 C ⁇ -6alkyl;
• R 15 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkylcarbonyl, Ar 1 or Ar 2 C ⁇ _6alkyl
• R 17 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, C ⁇ -6alkyl, Ci. ⁇ alkyloxycarbonyl, Ar 1
• R 18 is hydrogen, Ci-galkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxy or halo
• R 19 is hydrogen or Ci- ⁇ alkyl
• Ar 1 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with C ⁇ -6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or halo;
• Ar 2 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with C ⁇ _6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or halo; for the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• R 4 or R 5 may also be bound to one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring.
• the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by R 4 or R 5 and the meaning of R 4 and R 5 when bound to the nitrogen is limited to hydrogen, Ar 1 , C ⁇ -6alkyl, hydroxy- C ⁇ -6- ⁇ lkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxyC ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -6alkylS(O)C ⁇ _6alkyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkylS(O) 2 C ⁇ - 6 alkyl.
• halo defines fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo
• C ⁇ -6alkyl defines straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like
• Ci-salkyl encompasses the straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals as defined in C ⁇ _6alkyl as well as the higher homologues thereof containing 7 or 8 carbon atoms such as, for example heptyl or octyl
• Ci- ⁇ alkyl again encompasses Ci-salkyl and the higher homologues thereof containing 9 to 12 carbon atoms, such as, for example, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl
• C ⁇ -i6alkyl again encompasses C ⁇ -i2alkyl and the higher homologues thereof
• S(O) refers to a sulfoxide
• S(O)2 to a sulfon.
• natural amino acid refers to a natural amino acid that is bound via a covalent amide linkage formed by loss of a molecule of water between the carboxyl group of the amino acid and the amino group of the remainder of the molecule.
• Examples of natural amino acids are glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, phenylanaline, tryptophan, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and non-toxic base addition salt forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form.
• the compounds of formula (I) which have basic properties can be converted in their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by treating said base form with an appropriate acid.
• Appropriate acids comprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid; sulfuric; nitric; phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic (i.e.
• butanedioic acid maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic; salicylic, p-aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids.
• the compounds of formula (I) which have acidic properties may be converted in their pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts by treating said acid form with a suitable organic or inorganic base.
• suitable organic or inorganic base e.g. the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like.
• acid or base addition salt also comprise the hydrates and the solvent addition forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form. Examples of such forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and the like.
• stereochemically isomeric forms of compounds of formula (I), as used hereinbefore, defines all possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable, which the compounds of formula (I) may possess.
• chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms which said compound may possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound.
• All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) both in pure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
• substituent R 18 is situated on the 5 or 7 position of the quinolinone moiety and substituent R 19 is situated on the 8 position when R 18 is on the 7-position.
• Still another group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R 3 is hydrogen or halo; and R 2 is halo, Ci-galkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxy, trihalomethoxy or hydroxyCi- ⁇ alkyloxy.
• a further group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R 2 and R 3 are on adjacent positions and taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula (a-1), (a-2) or (a-3).
• a still further group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R 5 is hydrogen and R 4 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -6alkyl.
• Yet another group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R 7 is hydrogen; and R 6 is Chalky 1 or halo, preferably chloro, especially 4-chloro.
• a particular group of compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R 8 is hydrogen, hydroxy, haloC ⁇ _6alkyl, hydroxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, cyano - ⁇ alkyl,
• R 11 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -i2alkyl and R 12 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6- ⁇ lkyloxy, hydroxy,
• Prefered compounds are those compounds wherein R 1 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl,
• Alk 1 is methylene and R 9 is Ci-salkylamino substituted with
• R 2 is halo, C ⁇ -6alkyl, C2-6al enyl, Ci ⁇ alkyloxy, trihalomethoxy, hydroxyC ⁇ _6alkyloxy or Ar 1 ;
• R 3 is hydrogen;
• R 4 is methyl bound to the nitrogen in 3-position of the imidazole;
• R 5 is hydrogen;
• R 6 is chloro;
• R 7 is hydrogen;
• R 8 is hydrogen, hydroxy, haloC ⁇ _6alkyl, hydroxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, cyanoCi-6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxycarbonylC ⁇ -6alkyl, imidazolyl, or a radical of formula -NR 1 iR 12 wherein R 11 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -i2alkyl and R 12 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -6alkyl, C ⁇ -6alkyloxy, C ⁇ -6alkyloxyC ⁇ -6alkylcarbonyl, or a radical of formula -Alk 2 -OR 13 wherein R 13 is C
• the compounds of formula (I), wherein X is oxygen, said compounds being represented by formula (I-a), may be prepared by hydrolysing an intermediate ether of formula (II), wherein R is C ⁇ _6alkyl, according to art-known methods, such as stirring the intermediate of formula (II) in an aqueous acid solution.
• An appropriate acid is for instance hydrochloric acid.
• the resulting quinolinone wherein R 1 is hydrogen may be transformed into a quinolinone, wherein R 1 has a meaning as defined hereinabove apart from hydrogen, by art-known N-alkylation.
• the compounds of formula (I), wherein R 8 is hydroxy, said compounds being referred to as compounds of formula (I-b) may be prepared by reacting an intermediate ketone of formula (III) with a intermediate of formula (IV-a), wherein P is an optional protective group such as, for example, a sulfonyl group, e.g. a dimethylamino sulfonyl group, which can be removed after the addition reaction.
• Said reaction requires the presence of a suitable strong base, such as, for example, butyl lithium in an appropriate solvent, such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran and the presence an appropriate silanederivative, such as, for example, triethylchlorosilane.
• a suitable strong base such as, for example, butyl lithium in an appropriate solvent, such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran
• silanederivative such as, for example, triethylchlorosilane.
• R 17 CH 2 COCl or R 17 CH2COOC2H5 yields either directly a compound of formula (I-b-l) or an intermediate which can be converted to a compound of formula (I-b-l) by treatment with a base such as, e.g. potassium tert-butoxide.
• Compounds of formula (I) wherein R 8 is a radical of formula -N-R 1 ! R 12 , said compounds being represented by formula (I-g) may be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XIII), wherein W is an appropriate leaving group such as, for example, halo, with a reagent of formula (XIV). Said reaction may be performed by stirring the reactants in an appropriate solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran.
• the compounds of formula (I) may also be prepared by converting compounds of formula (I) into other compounds of formula (I).
• W is a suitable leaving group, such as, for example, halo or a sulfonylgroup.
• compounds of formula (I-c) may also be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (I-b) with a reagent of formula R 8a -OH in acidic medium.
• Compounds of formula (I-b) may also be converted into compounds of formula (I-g), wherein R 11 is hydrogen and R 12 is C ⁇ -i6alkylcarbonyl, by reacting compounds of formula (I-b) in acidic medium, such as sulfuric acid, with Ci-i ⁇ alkyl-CN in a Ritter type reaction. Further, compounds of formula (I-b) may also be converted into compounds of formula (I-g), wherein R 11 and R 12 are hydrogen, by reacting compounds (I-b) with ammonium acetate and subsequent treatment with NH3 (aq.).
• Compounds of formula (I-b) may also be converted into compounds of formula (I-d), wherein R 8 is hydrogen, by submitting the compounds of formula (I-b) to appropriate reducing conditions, such as, stirring in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of an appropriate reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride or alternatively stirring the compounds of formula (I-b) in acetic acid in the presence of formamide.
• appropriate reducing conditions such as, stirring in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of an appropriate reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride or alternatively stirring the compounds of formula (I-b) in acetic acid in the presence of formamide.
• compounds of formula (I-d) wherein R 8 is hydrogen may be converted into compounds of formula (I-e) wherein R 8D is C ⁇ -6alkyl by reacting compounds of formula (I-d) with a reagent of formula (V) in an appropriate solvent, such as, for instance, diglyme in the presence of a base such as, for example, potassium butoxide.
• an appropriate solvent such as, for instance, diglyme in the presence of a base such as, for example, potassium butoxide.
• a compound of formula (I-f), defined as a compound of formula (I) wherein X is sulfur may be prepared by reacting the corresponding compound of formula (I-a), with a reagent like phosphorus pentasulfide or Lawesson's reagent in a suitable solvent such as, for example, pyridine.
• Compounds of formula of formula (I), wherein R 1 is hydrogen and X is oxygen, said compounds being defined as compounds of formula (I-a- 1 ) may be prepared by reacting a nitrone of formula (VI) with the anhydride of a carboxylic acid, such as, for example, acetic anhydride, thus forming the corresponding ester on the 2 position of the quinoline moiety.
• Said quinoline ester can be hydrolyzed in situ to the corresponding quinolinone using a base such as, for example, potassium carbonate.
• compounds of formula (I-a-1) can be prepared by reacting a nitrone of formula (VI) with a sulfonyl containing electrophilic reagent such as, for example, /?-toluenesulfonylchloride in the presence of a base such as, for example, aqueous potassium carbonate.
• a sulfonyl containing electrophilic reagent such as, for example, /?-toluenesulfonylchloride
• a base such as, for example, aqueous potassium carbonate.
• the reaction initially involves the formation of a 2-hydroxy- quinoline derivative which is subsequently tautomerized to the desired quinolinone derivative.
• phase transfer catalysis may enhance the rate of the reaction.
• Compounds of formula (I-a-1) may also be prepared by an intramolecular photochemical rearrangement of compounds of formula (VI). Said rearrangement can be carried out by dissolving the reagents in a reaction-inert solvent and irradiating at a wavelength of 366 nm. It is advantageous to use degassed solutions and to conduct the reaction under an inert atmosphere such as, for example, oxygen free argon or nitrogen gas, in order to minimize undesired side reactions or reduction of quantum yield.
• an inert atmosphere such as, for example, oxygen free argon or nitrogen gas
• the compounds of formula (I) may also be converted into each other via art-known reactions or functional group transformations.
• a number of such transformations are already described hereinabove.
• Other examples are hydrolysis of carboxylic esters to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohol; hydrolysis of amides to the corresponding carboxylic acids or amines; hydrolysis of nitriles to the corresponding amides; amino groups on imidazole or phenyl may be replaced by a hydrogen by art-known diazotation reactions and subsequent replacement of the diazo-group by hydrogen; alcohols may be converted into esters and ethers; primary amines may be converted into secondary or tertiary amines; double bonds may be hydrogenated to the corresponding single bond.
• Intermediates of formula (HI) may be prepared by reacting a quinolinone derivative of formula (VIII) with an intermediate of formula (DC) or a functional derivative thereof under appropriate conditions, such as, for example, a strong acid, e.g. polyphosphoric acid in an appropriate solvent.
• the intermediate of formula (V ⁇ i) may be formed by cyclization of an intermediate of formula (VII) by stirring in the presence of a strong acid, e.g. polyphosphoric acid.
• said cyclization reaction may be followed by an oxidation step, which can be performed by stirring the intermediate formed after cyclization in an appropriate solvent, such as, for example, a halogenated aromatic solvent, e.g. bromobenzene, in the presence of a oxidizing agent, e.g. bromine or iodine.
• an appropriate solvent such as, for example, a halogenated aromatic solvent, e.g. bromobenzene, in the presence of a oxidizing agent, e.g. bromine
• Intermediates of formula (HI-a-1), being intermediates of formula (HI) wherein the dotted line is a bond, R 1 and R 17 are hydrogen and X is oxygen, can be prepared starting from an intermediate of formula (XVII), which is conveniently prepared by protecting the corresponding ketone.
• Said intermediate of formula (XVII) is stirred with an intermediate of formula (XVIII) in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide, in an appropriate solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g. methanol.
• a base such as sodium hydroxide
• an appropriate solvent such as an alcohol, e.g. methanol.
• the thus obtained intermediate of formula (XVI) undergoes hydrolysis of the ketal and ring opening of the isoxazole moiety by stirring the intermediate of formula (XVI) with an acid, such as for example, TiCl3, in the presence of water.
• acetic anhydride is used to prepare an intermediate of formula (XV), which undergoes ring closure in the presence of a
• Intermediates of formula (HI-a-l) can easily be converted to intermediates of formula ( ⁇ i-a), defined as intermediates of formula (III) wherein the dotted line represents a bond, X is oxygen, R 17 is hydrogen and R 1 is other than hydrogen, using art-known N-alkylation procedures.
• Intermediates of formula (XIX) are converted to intermediates of formula (XX) by submitting intermediates (XIX) to an acetylation reaction, e.g. by treatment with the anhydride of a carboxylic acid, e.g. acetic anhydride in a reaction-inert solvent, e.g.
• Intermediates of formula (HI-a-1) can be obtained by treating intermediates of formula (XX) in acidic conditions.
• Intermediates of formula (II) may be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (X), wherein W is an appropriate leaving group, such as, for example, halo, with an intermediate ketone of formula (XI).
• This reaction is performed by converting the intermediate of formula (X) into a organometallic compound, by stirring it with a strong base such as butyl lithium and subsequently adding the intermediate ketone of formula (XI).
• a strong base such as butyl lithium
• this reaction gives at first instance a hydroxy derivative (i.e. R 8 is hydroxy)
• said hydroxy derivative can be converted into other intermediates wherein R 8 has another definition by performing art-known (functional group) transformations.
• the intermediate nitrones of formula (VI) may be prepared by N-oxidizing quinoline derivatives of formula (XII) with an appropriate oxidizing agent such as, for example, m-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid or H2O2 in an appropriate solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane.
• an appropriate oxidizing agent such as, for example, m-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid or H2O2 in an appropriate solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane.
• Said N-oxidation may also be carried out on a precursor of a quinoline of formula (XII).
• intermediates of formula (XII) are supposed to be metabolized in vivo into compounds of formula (I) via intermediates of formula (VI). Hence, intermediates of formula (XII) and (VI) may act as prodrugs of compounds of formula (I).
• the compounds of formula (I) and some of the intermediates have at least one stereogenic center in their structure.
• This stereogenic center may be present in a R or a S configuration.
• the compounds of formula (I) as prepared in the hereinabove described processes are generally racemic mixtures of enantiomers which can be separated from one another following art-known resolution procedures.
• the racemic compounds of formula (I) may be converted into the corresponding diastereomeric salt forms by reaction with a suitable chiral acid. Said diastereomeric salt forms are subsequently separated, for example, by selective or fractional crystallization and the enantiomers are liberated therefrom by alkali.
• An alternative manner of separating the enantiomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) involves liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase.
• Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.
• said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
• This invention provides a method of use of compounds of formula (I) to inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, as illustrated by pharmacological example C.l.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be used for the manufacture of a medicament for the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and consequently the use for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis is also provided.
• Atherosclerosis is a disorder characterized by the deposition of fatty substances in and fibrosis of the inner layer of the arteries.
• Restenosis is the narrowing of tubular passageways of a subject after the tubular walls have been traumatized. This can be caused by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of neointimal tissue which often is a complication due to the use of revascularization techniques such as, e.g. saphenous vein bypass grafting, endarterectomy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and the like. Restenosis refers to a worsening or recurrence of lumenal stenosis in an artery which is characterized by a hyperplasia of cells of the arterial wall. In this respect, restenosis differs notably from an occlusion of the artery by an arterial atherosclerotic plaque or occlusion by thrombus.
• Restenosis is not restricted or limited to the coronary arteries. It can also occur in for example peripheral vascular systems.
• Angioplasty is a technique whereby an artery clogged by an atherosclerotic plaque and/or thrombus is mechanically cleared. Such a clogged or blocked artery prevents adequate blood flow.
• Angioplasty procedures are much less invasive and much less traumatic than conventional alternatives such as coronary bypass surgery and have gained widespread acceptance as a means of obtaining dilation or clearance of arteries.
• a small balloon-tipped catheter is introduced into an artery, often using a guide wire or a catheter tube in which a collapsed balloon may be positioned at one more points of arterial stenosis, i.e. narrowing.
• the balloon is inflated, thereby stretching and/or fracturing the blockage and enlarging the lumen (opening) of the artery.
• the artery's internal diameter is generally larger, resulting in restoration of blood flow.
• These balloon and catheter assemblies are often referred to as coronary balloon dilation catheters.
• said angioplasty procedures involve risk of both local and systemic thromboembolic effects, tearing of an arterial wall and restenosis.
• Restenosis after balloon angioplasty is also referred to as 'percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty restenosis' and is characterized by the return of blockage in the artery due to neointimal formation of a layer of smooth muscle cells in the intima after balloon injury.
• the present invention provides a method of treating vascular proliferative disorders in a warm-blooded animal, such as atherosclerosis or restenosis, which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
• the present invention provides further a method of inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation in a warm-blooded animal which comprises administering to said warmblooded animal a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
• Balloon angioplasty can be followed by a mechanical/surgical procedure known as intravascular stenting, a procedure in which an expandable metallic sleeve, or scaffold, i.e. a stent, is placed within the artery after angioplasty.
• a mechanical/surgical procedure known as intravascular stenting, a procedure in which an expandable metallic sleeve, or scaffold, i.e. a stent, is placed within the artery after angioplasty.
• a disorder known as 'coronary artery stent restenosis' can occur whereby the blockage in the artery returns due to neointimal formation of a layer of smooth muscle cells in the intima. Therefore, it may be advantageous to cover or coat said stent with a coating material which comprises a compounds of formula (I) in order to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• this invention also provides stents covered or coated with a coating material which comprises an amount of a compound of formula (I) effective in preventing, treating or reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• stents are e.g. balloon expandable stents such as, e.g. Palmaz-SchatzTM stent, StreckerTM stent and Gianturco-RoubinTM stent, and self expandable stents such as, e.g. GianturcoTM expandable wire stent and WallstentTM, other stents are Palmaz-Schatz CrownTM, Cross-FlexTM, ACS Multi-LinkTM, NirTM, Micro Stent DTM and WiktorTM.
• the invention also relates to catheters, or other transluminal devices coated or covered with a coating material which comprises an amount of a compound of formula (I) effective in preventing, treating or reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• the metallic surface of a stent can be coated in a number of ways.
• the surface can be prepared by a two-step procedure including covalently linking an organosilane having amine reactive sites, with the surface of the metallic member, typically through a metal oxide thereof.
• an organosilane having a vinyl functionality pendant from the surface can be used. Thereafter, a biocompatible coating material can be covalently linked to the organosilane coating.
• the coating layer comprising an amount of a compound of formula (I) may also be applied as a mixmre of a polymeric precursor and a compound of formula (I) which is finely divided or dissolved in a polymer solvent or vehicle which is thereafter cured in situ.
• the coating may be applied by dipping or spraying using evaporative solvent materials of relatively high vapor pressure to produce the desired viscosity and coating thickness.
• the coating further is one which adheringly conforms to the surface of the filaments of the open structure of the stent so that the open lattice nature of the structure of the braid or other pattern is preserved in the coated device.
• the major constituent of the stent coating should have elastomeric properties.
• the stent coating is preferably a suitable hydrophobic biostable elastomeric material which does not degrade and which minimizes tissue rejection and tissue inflammation and one which will undergo encapsulation by tissue adjacent the stent implantation site.
• Polymers suitable for such coatings include silicones (e.g. polysiloxanes and substituted polysiloxanes), polyurethanes, thermoplastic elastomers in general, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, polyolefin elastomers, and EPDM rubbers.
• the loading of the stent coating with the compound of formula (I) may vary.
• the desired release rate profile can be tailored by varying the coating thickness, the radial distribution, the mixing method, the amount of said compound of formula (I), and the crosslink density of the polymeric material.
• Stents are made of a biocompatible material such as, e.g. stainless steel, tantalum, titanium, nitinol, gold, platinum, inconel, iridium, silver, tungsten, or another biocompatible metal, or alloys of any of these.
• Stainless steel and tantalum are particularly useful.
• Said stent can be covered by one or more layers of a biocompatible coating material such as, e.g.
• Parylene is both a generic name for a known group of polymers based on /- -xylene and made by vapor phase polymerization, and a name for the unsubstituted one of such polymers.
• Said one or more layers of biocompatible material comprise a compound of formula (I) of the present invention and advantageously provide a controlled release of said compound of formula (I) effective in preventing, treating or reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation.
• Said one or more layers of biocompatible material can further comprise bioactive materials such as, e.g.
• heparin or another thrombin inhibitor hirudin, hirulog, argatroban, D-phenylalanyl-L-poly-L-arginyl chloromethyl ketone, or another antithrombogenic agent, or mixtures thereof; urokinase, streptokinase, a tissue plasminogen activator, or another thrombolytic agent, or mixtures thereof; a fibrinolytic agent; a vasospasm inhibitor; a calcium channel blocker, a nitrate, nitric oxide, a nitric oxide promoter or another vasodilator; an antimicrobial agent or antibiotic; aspirin, ticlopdine, a glycoprotein Ilb IIIa inhibitor or another inhibitor of surface glycoprotein receptors, or another antiplatelet agent; colchicine or another antimitotic, or another microtubule inhibitor; a retinoid or another antisecretory agent; cytochalasin or another actin inhibitor; deoxyribonucle
• the present invention further provides a method of treating vascular proliferative disorders in a warm-blooded animal, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty restenosis or coronary artery stent restenosis, which comprises administering to said warm-blooded animal a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
• said warm-blooded animal is a mammal or more specifically a human.
• a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount varies with the type of therapeutic agent. It is known to those skilled in the art how to determine a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of a suitable therapeutic agent.
• the subject compounds may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes.
• an effective amount of a particular compound, in base or acid addition salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably in unitary dosage form suitable, preferably, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection.
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs and solutions; or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed.
• the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, to aid solubility for example, may be included.
• Injectable solutions may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed.
• the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not cause a significant deleterious effect to the skin. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skin and/or may be helpful for preparing the desired compositions.
• These compositions may be administered in various ways, e.g., as a transdermal patch, as a spot-on, as an ointment.
• Dosage unit form as used in the specification and claims herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
• dosage unit forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
• an effective amount would be from 0.0001 mg/kg to 100 mg kg body weight, and in particular from 0.001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub- doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, containing 0.01 to 500 mg, and in particular 0.1 mg to 200 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• DIPE dusopropylether
• DCM dichloromethane
• DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
• AC ⁇ acetonitrile
• Example A.1 la) N-Phenyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-propenamide (58.6 g) and polyphosphoric acid (580 g) were stirred at 100°C overnight. The product was used without further purification, yielding quant. ( ⁇ )-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(lH)-quinolinone (interm. 1-a). lb) Intermediate (1-a) (58.6 g), 4-chlorobenzoic acid (71.2 g) and polyphosphoric acid (580 g) were stirred at 140°C for 48 hours. The mixture was poured into ice water and filtered off.
• Example A.3 3a Butyllithium (30.1ml) was added slowly at -78°C to a solution of N,N-dimethyl- lH-imidazol-1-sulfonamide (8,4 g) in tetrahydrofuran (150 ml) and the mixture was stirred at -78°C for 15 minutes. Chlorotriethylsilane (8.1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred till the temperature reached 20°C. The mixture was cooled till - 78°C, butyllithium (30.1 ml) was added, the mixmre was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour and allowed to reach -15°C.
• Example A.5 a Toluene (1900 ml) was stirred in a round-bottom flask (5 1) using a water separator.
• Example A.6 a) 3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl]-2, 1 -benzisoxazole (interm. 6-a) was prepared analogous as intermediate (5-b). b) A mixmre of intermediate (6-a) (30 g) in HCI 3 N (220 ml) and methanol (165 ml) was stirred at 100°C for 5 hours. The mixture was poured into ice and basified with
• Example B 3 Sodium hydride (0.28 g) was added to a mixmre of compound (3) (3 g) in DMF (50 ml) under N2 and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Iodomethane (1.5 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for lhour. The mixture was hydrolized and extracted with diethyl ether and methanol. The organic layer was dried, filtered off and evaporated till dryness, yielding 4.4 g of residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent : C ⁇ 2CI2/C ⁇ 3O ⁇ /N ⁇ 4O ⁇ 95.5/4.5/0.2). The pure fractions were collected and evaporated.
• the product was converted into the ethanedioic acid salt (1: 1) in 2-propanone and filtered off. The residue was crystallized from 2-propanone, diethyl ether and DIPE. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether, dried and recrystallized from 2-propanone, methanol and DIPE.
• Example B.4 Iodomethane (0.38 ml) was added dropwise at room temperamre to a solution of compound (8) (2.44 g) and N,N,N-triethylbenzenemethanaminium chloride (0.54 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) and sodium hydroxide (40%) (30 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried, filtered off and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent :
• Iodomethane (1.4 ml) was added to a mixture of ( ⁇ )-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)-lH- imidazol-4-ylmethyl]-l-methyl-4-phenyl-2(lH)-quinolinone (7.5 g) and benzyltriethylammonium chloride (2 g) in T ⁇ F (75 ml) and sodium hydroxide (75 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperamre for 1 hour. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried, filtered off and evaporated till dryness.
• Example B.7 A solution of compound 90 (4.2 g) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (70 ml) was stirred under N2 for 30 minutes. Iodomethane (0.83 ml), followed by potassium tert-butoxide (2 g) were added portionwise and the mixmre was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried, filtered off and evaporated.
• Example B 8 a) Compound (3) (3 g) was separated (into its enantiomers) and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography over Chiracel OD (20 ⁇ m; eluent : hexane/ethanol 50/50). The pure (A)-fractions were collected, and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 1.6 g ((A); LCI: > 99%). The pure (B)-fractions were collected, and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 1.5 g ((B); LCI: > 99%). The (A)-residue was dissolved in 2-propanol and converted into the ethanedioic acid salt (1: 1). The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.6 g (17%) of ( +)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-
• Example B 10 A mixture of ( ⁇ )-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)( 1 ,2-dihydro- l-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-6- quinolinyl)hydroxymethyl]-N,N-dimethyl-lH-imidazole-l-sulfonamide (2.4 g) in hydrochloric acid (10 ml), water (30 ml) and methanol (15 ml) was stirred and heated at 110°C for 14 hours. The mixture was cooled, basified with ⁇ 3 (aq.) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried, filtered off and evaporated till dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent :
• Example B.11 Compound (3) (4 g) was dissolved in DCM (10 ml) and acetic acid (5.6 ml) at 45°C. Zinc chloride (5.5 g), followed by cyanoacetic acid (3.5 g) were added. The mixmre was stirred at 120°C for 3 hours and then at 160°C for 10 hours. Water was added and the mixmre was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with K2CO3 10%, dried, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated.
• P4S10 (12 g) was added to a mixture of compound 90 (6 g) in pyridine (72 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 6 hours. Ice water was added. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and taken up in DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried, filtered and the solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent : C ⁇ 2CI2/C ⁇ 3O ⁇ /N ⁇ 4O ⁇ 97.5/2.5/0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from 2-propanone/diethyl ether.
• Example B.18 a) A mixmre of benzoyl chloride (3.1 ml) in DCM (25 ml) was added dropwise at room temperature to a solution of interm. (6-d) (7 g) and pyridine (5 ml) in DCM (70 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. Water was added and the mixmre was decanted. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 8.8 g of ( ⁇ )-N-[2-(3-chlorobenzoyl)-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)- hydroxy(l -methyl- lH-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]phenyl]benzeneacetamide (interm. 7). The product was used without further purification. b) Potassium tert-butoxide (8.7 g) was added to a mixture of intermediate 7 (8.8 g) in
• Example B.21 A solution of intermediate (4) (3.3 g) in T ⁇ F (10 ml) was added dropwise at room temperature to a solution of methanamine in water (40 ml). The mixmre was stirred at 80°C for 45 minutes, taken up in water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried, filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent : C ⁇ 2CI2/C ⁇ 3O ⁇ / ⁇ 4 O ⁇ 97/3/0.3 and 95/5/0.3). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether.
• Tables 1 to 8 list the compounds that were prepared according to one of the above Examples and table 9 lists both the experimental (column heading “exp.”) and theoretical (column heading “theor.”) elemental analysis values for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen of the compounds as prepared in the experimental part hereinabove.
• the effects of the compounds of the present invention were studied in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC), and rat A10 arterial smooth muscle cells growing under standard tissue culmre conditions.
• PASMC and PASMC cell cultures were purchased from Clonetics (San Diego, CA).
• A10 smooth muscle cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Bethesda, MD). Cells were inoculated at an initial cell density of 50,000 cells per well in six-well plastic cluster tissue culmre dishes in 3.0 ml of complete growth medium.
• Test compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and added in a 3 ⁇ l volume to each well to produce the desired concentrations of said test compound (5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 nM final concentrations).
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• Cells were incubated for six days. On day 4, fresh medium plus a fresh solution containing the test compound were added to the cell culmres. On day 6, the growth medium was removed by aspiration. The cells were detached by trypsinizing in 1.0 ml of trypsin-EDTA solution. The cell suspensions were transferred to 20 ml of an isotonic diluent and 0.5 ml of the diluted cell suspension was counted with a Coulter particle counter.

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