WO1998022202A1 - Pompes actionnees par des fluides et appareil faisant appel a de telles pompes - Google Patents

Pompes actionnees par des fluides et appareil faisant appel a de telles pompes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998022202A1
WO1998022202A1 PCT/GB1997/003208 GB9703208W WO9822202A1 WO 1998022202 A1 WO1998022202 A1 WO 1998022202A1 GB 9703208 W GB9703208 W GB 9703208W WO 9822202 A1 WO9822202 A1 WO 9822202A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
pump
pressure
valve
pistons
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/003208
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Colin Pearson
Original Assignee
Colin Pearson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9624205.2A external-priority patent/GB9624205D0/en
Application filed by Colin Pearson filed Critical Colin Pearson
Priority to AT97913324T priority Critical patent/ATE217208T1/de
Priority to CA 2272339 priority patent/CA2272339A1/fr
Priority to EP19970913324 priority patent/EP0951342B1/fr
Priority to GB9911551A priority patent/GB2333564B/en
Priority to DE1997612518 priority patent/DE69712518T2/de
Priority to JP52337098A priority patent/JP2001506916A/ja
Priority to AU50624/98A priority patent/AU718975B2/en
Priority to IL13003397A priority patent/IL130033A/en
Publication of WO1998022202A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998022202A1/fr
Priority to US09/315,651 priority patent/US6203696B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/06—Energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/111—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
    • F04B9/115—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by two single-acting liquid motors, each acting in one direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7847—With leak passage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluid driven pump suitable for use in a reverse osmosis or filtration system for example a water purifying system, and to a system employing such a pump.
  • the preferred embodiment of the current invention provides a high pressure fluid output flow from two or more lower pressure fluid input flows. It is specifically but not exclusively intended to provide high pressure water for purification by reverse osmosis, where water contaminated by unwanted solutes is forced, at a pressure of typically 60 bar, through a semi-permeable membrane, effectively filtering out those solutes. This process is typically used for desalination of seawater.
  • a further characteristic of reverse osmosis is that the contaminated water input flow needs to be thoroughly filtered, to prevent clogging of the membrane by particulates. It is often cost-effective to provide an additional low-pressure pump to drive the contaminated water input flow through the filter, since this allows a higher pressure drop across the filter, typically 1 bar, enabling a smaller and cheaper filter to be used. Without this additional pump, the pressure drop across the filter would limited to around 0.5 bar by the poor ability of the high pressure pump to suck against low pressures. The additional pump will also be required if, as is often the case, the high pressure pump is not self-priming.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to avoiding or mitigating at least some of the disadvantages of these known devices.
  • the invention provides a reverse osmosis or filtration system comprising a semi-permeable membrane or filter, a pump arranged to supply all high pressure fluid delivered to the membrane or filter, part of the said fluid passing through the membrane or filter as purified or filtered fluid, the remainder being a flow of return or flushing fluid which is returned to the pump, the pump being powered only by the return fluid and by an inlet flow of pressurised fluid to be purified or filtered.
  • the pump may comprise reciprocable means bounding a pair of first pressure chambers which alternately receive and exhaust return fluid to reciprocate the reciprocable means and a pair of second chambers also bounded by the reciprocable means and which alternately receive the pressured inlet fluid and deliver fluid at high pressure to the semi permeable membrane or filter.
  • the swept volume of the second chamber may be greater than that of the first chamber.
  • valve means for controlling the admission and exhaust of pressure fluid to and from the first pressure chambers, the valve means comprising bistable elements responsive to fluid pressure across them.
  • the valve means may comprise a plurality of primary poppet valves each having a secondary bleed valve to reduce a force necessary to operate the valve.
  • pistons need not be part of a single reciprocable body (although this is preferred) nor need they reciprocate linearly.
  • the invention can be realised using angular reciprocation.
  • the reciprocable means comprises two double-acting pistons reciprocable in respective cylinders with co-linear axes, opposite faces of each piston respectively bounding a said first and a said second chamber defined by the cylinder, said pistons being joined by a common piston rod passing through a wall between the inner ends of the two cylinders, valve means to control fluid flow in and out of the enclosed volumes in each cylinder at either side of each piston, the pump having two alternating working strokes, a first working stroke supplying fluid to the membrane or filter from the outer face of the first piston and fluid to waste from the inner face of the second piston, the return or flushing flow being applied to the inner face of the first piston, the pressurised inlet flow being applied to the outer face of the second piston, a second working stroke being the reverse of the first working stroke.
  • the invention provides a fluid operated pump comprising reciprocable means having a pair of first pressure surfaces and a pair of second pressure surfaces each bounding a respective first and second pressure chamber, control valve means to supply pressure fluid alternately to the chamber bounded by one of the first surfaces and to exhaust pressure fluid from the chamber bounded by the other of the first surfaces thereby causing the reciprocable means to reciprocate, fluid inlet and outlet valve means communicating with the chambers bounded by the second surfaces whereby the second surfaces pump fluid through the second chambers upon reciprocation of the reciprocable means, the control valve means comprising a plurality of primary poppet valves each having a secondary bleed valve to reduce a force necessary to operate the valve.
  • the pistons may be coaxial and the first surfaces of the pistons may face in opposite directions.
  • the pressure chambers bounded by the first pressure surfaces may be arranged between those surfaces and separated by common wall structure.
  • the control valves may be operated by the pistons when the pistons reach the extremities of their stroke.
  • a said control valve is disposed in the common wall structure.
  • Two said control valves in the common wall structure may comprise a moveable element which is common to both valves.
  • a said control valve may comprise a moveable element stable only at the extremes of its travel.
  • the second surfaces may be of greater effective area than the first surfaces.
  • single moving elements each act as both pump and motor, with the driving pressure applied to one part of each element while another part pressurises the pumped flow.
  • the pumps provide the high pressure input flow to the semi-permeable membrane, and are driven by the motors.
  • One motor is powered by the high pressure flushing flow leaving the membrane, while the other is powered by the contaminated water input flow.
  • This input flow is provided at moderate pressure, typically 5 to 10 bar, by a separate pump, which may be of a conventional type.
  • the preferred form of the current invention differs from existing hydraulic intensifiers, which provide a single high pressure output flow from a single moderate pressure input flow, in that it receives two input flows, one at high pressure and one at moderate pressure, to provide a single high pressure output.
  • existing hydraulic intensifiers which provide a single high pressure output flow from a single moderate pressure input flow, in that it receives two input flows, one at high pressure and one at moderate pressure, to provide a single high pressure output.
  • it differs from those described in US patents Re.32,144 and Re.33,135, mentioned above, in that all of the driving power is provided by the contaminated water input flow, and none by other mechanical means.
  • Re.32,144 covers supplementation, only, of mechanical power input by pressurisation of the feed fluid, since the mechanical drive is required to maintain the sequence of operations and to drive the valve mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is schematic cross- sections of a preferred pump at various stages of its operating cycle
  • Figure 5 shows a reverse osmosis system incorporating the pump of figures 1 to 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows the device at start up.
  • a piston assembly, 1, consists of two pistons, one at either end of a piston rod.
  • the piston assembly can move freely inside a cylinder assembly, 2, with seals to prevent leakage between the cylinders around the piston rod, and between each end of each cylinder around each piston.
  • Water may flow into and out of each end of each cylinder through eight valves, 3 to 10.
  • Valves 7 to 10 are non-return valves held closed by spring means and opened by water pressure.
  • Valves 4 and 5 are rigidly connected to each other, and are operated by spring means which protrude into the cylinders, where they are contacted by the pistons.
  • a spindle, 11, passes through a hole in the valve assembly, 4 and 5, with clearance to allow flow through the hole.
  • pilot valve means 24 and 25, which, when one or other are closed, seal the spindle hole.
  • Valves 3 and 6 are flexibly connected together by a spring means, and are operated by contact with the pistons.
  • a spindle, 12 passes through holes in valves 3 and 6, with clearance to allow flow through the holes.
  • pilot valve means, 23 and 26, which, when closed, seal the adjacent holes.
  • Ports 13 and 14 are connected to a medium pressure water supply
  • Ports 15 and 16 are connected to the high pressure inlet of a reverse osmosis membrane.
  • Port 17 connects with the high pressure flushing water outlet of the membrane.
  • Port 18 exhausts water to waste at low pressure.
  • valve pairs 4 and 5, and 3 and 6 are configured to be stable only at their extremes of travel when water is passing through them. This causes, for example, valves 4 and 6 to close while valves 3 and 5 open. Pilot valves 25 and 26 are also closed by the pressure across them. Closure of these valves stops water flow, causing valves 7, 8, 9 and 10 to close under spring pressure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the next stage of operation.
  • the outer cylinders, 19 and 20, and the right hand inner cylinder, 22, are all at medium pressure.
  • the left hand inner cylinder, 21, is at low pressure, being open to waste via valve 3.
  • the overall pressure differential across the pistons causes the piston assembly to move to the right, creating water flow which opens valves 7 and 9, while leaving valves 8 and 10 closed.
  • Water from the right hand outer cylinder now flows out to the membrane through port 16, and returns through port 17 into the right hand inner cylinder.
  • the outward flow is greater than the return flow, since the cross-sectional area of the outer cylinder is greater than that of the inner cylinder, by an amount equal to the cross-sectional area of the piston rod. Because of this, the pressure on the high pressure side of the membrane increases, forcing the excess outward flow through the membrane, purifying it in the process.
  • the piston assembly will continue to move, forcing water through the membrane, provided that...
  • (1-Ai/Ao) is the ratio of freshwater output flow to flushing water flow. This would typically be 0.1, while the membrane pressure would be 60 bar, implying a driving pressure of around 7 bar.
  • FIG. 3 shows the next stage of operation, where the piston assembly has reached the end of its stroke.
  • the left-hand piston has contacted and closed valves 3 and 23, compressed the spring between valves 3 and 6, compressed the spring on valve 4, and opened pilot valve 25 without closing pilot valve 24, and opened pilot valve 26.
  • the flow through pilot valve 26 is restricted to minimise the loss of high pressure water to waste.
  • Valves 7,8,9 and 10 close under spring pressure since the flow through them is stopped.
  • Valve 4 is held closed by the pressure differential across it, until the left-hand inner cylinder has reached high pressure, via flow through pilot valves 24 & 25.
  • Valve 4 is then opened by its associated spring, and valve 5 closes.
  • valve 5 Once valve 5 is closed, flow through pilot valve 26 reduces the right hand inner cylinder pressure to low pressure and valve 6 is opened by the spring connecting it to valve 3. At this point there is high pressure in the left-hand inner and right-hand outer cylinders, low pressure in the right-hand inner cylinder, and medium pressure in the left-hand outer cylinder, causing the piston assembly to start moving to the left. As soon as this happens, valve 10 opens to admit medium pressure to the right-hand outer cylinder and valve 8 opens to release high pressure to the membrane.
  • This state is shown in figure 4, and is a mirror image of the state shown in figure 2, while the stroke reversal at the end of the leftward-moving stroke is a mirror image of that described for figure 3. The piston assembly thus continues to oscillate.
  • FIG. 5 shows diagrammatically a reverse osmosis system utilising the pump of figures 1 to 4.
  • a semi-permeable membrane 50 is disposed in a pressure vessel 52, so that a proportion of brine delivered to one (high pressure) side 54 of the membrane permeates through the membrane to the other (low pressure) side 56 thereof and is thereby purified as known per se.
  • the pure water thereby obtained is taken to a storage tank 58.
  • the brine is abstracted from the sea 60 (the system typically may be installed in a yacht or other vessel) by a conventional electrically, or mechanically driven medium pressure sea - water pump 62 and delivered to a inlet 13, 14 (figs 1 to 4) of high pressure pump or intensifier 64, which is as already described.
  • High pressure brine is delivered from outlets 15, 16 to the vessel 52. That proportion of the brine which does not pass through the membrane flushes through the high pressure side 54 of the vessel 52 and returns still under high pressure to inlet 17 of pump 64.
  • the flushing flow, and the medium pressure flow to inlets 13 and 14, drive the pump 64 as its sole source of power.
  • the flushing flow discharged from outlet 18 of the pump 64 is returned to the sea 60.
  • the pump as described may be employed with any form of reverse osmosis or filtration system in which the flow leaving the osmosis or filtration element is still under significant pressure.
  • a reverse osmosis or filtration system uses one or more hydraulic intensifiers (integrated motor & pump) to provide all the high pressure fluid to a semi-permeable membrane or filter, the intensifier being powered by the high pressure flushing flow leaving the membrane or filter, and by a pressurised inlet flow of fluid to be purified or filtered.
  • hydraulic intensifiers integrated motor & pump
  • the intensifier or pump comprises reciprocable means having a pair of first pressure surfaces and a pair of second pressure surfaces each bounding a respective first and second pressure chamber, control valve means to supply pressure fluid alternately to the chamber bounded by one of the first surfaces and to exhaust pressure fluid from the chamber bounded by the other of the first surfaces thereby causing the reciprocable means to reciprocate, fluid inlet and outlet valve means communicating with the chambers bounded by the second surfaces whereby the second surfaces pump fluid through the second chambers upon reciprocation of reciprocable means, the control valve means comprising a plurality of primary poppet valves each having a secondary bleed valve to reduce a force necessary to operate the valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un système de filtration ou d'osmose inverse, lequel comprend un ou plusieurs multiplicateurs de pression hydrauliques (pompe et moteur intégrés) permettant d'envoyer la totalité d'un fluide à haute pression vers une membrane semi-perméable ou vers un filtre. Ce multiplicateur de pression est actionné par le flux de rinçage à haute pression provenant de la membrane ou du filtre, ainsi que par un débit entrant et sous pression d'un fluide devant être purifié ou filtré. Ce multiplicateur de pression ou cette pompe comprennent un système de va-et-vient comportant deux premières surfaces de pression ainsi que deux secondes surfaces de pression qui délimitent chacune une première et une seconde chambres de pression respectives. Un système de clapet de commande envoie par alternance le fluide sous pression vers la chambre délimitée par l'une des premières surfaces, et évacue le fluide sous pression de la chambre délimitée par l'autre première surface, actionnant ainsi le système de va-et-vient. Un système de clapet d'admission et d'évacuation de fluide communique avec les chambres délimitées par les secondes surfaces, ces dernières assurant le pompage du fluide à travers lesdites secondes chambres lors du fonctionnement du système de va-et-vient. Le système de clapet de commande comprend plusieurs soupapes champignons primaires qui possèdent chacune un clapet de purge secondaire permettant de réduire la force nécessaire à l'actionnement du clapet.
PCT/GB1997/003208 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Pompes actionnees par des fluides et appareil faisant appel a de telles pompes WO1998022202A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97913324T ATE217208T1 (de) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Fluidbetriebene pumpen und vorrichtung mit solchen pumpen
CA 2272339 CA2272339A1 (fr) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Pompes actionnees par des fluides et appareil faisant appel a de telles pompes
EP19970913324 EP0951342B1 (fr) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Pompes actionnees par des fluides et appareil faisant appel a de telles pompes
GB9911551A GB2333564B (en) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Fluid driven pumps and apparatus employing such pumps
DE1997612518 DE69712518T2 (de) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Fluidbetriebene pumpen und vorrichtung mit solchen pumpen
JP52337098A JP2001506916A (ja) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 流体駆動ポンプおよび該ポンプを利用した装置
AU50624/98A AU718975B2 (en) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Fluid driven pumps and apparatus employing such pumps
IL13003397A IL130033A (en) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Fluid driven pumps and apparatus employing such pumps
US09/315,651 US6203696B1 (en) 1996-11-21 1999-05-20 Fluid driven pumps and apparatus employing such pumps

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9624205.2A GB9624205D0 (en) 1996-11-21 1996-11-21 Fluid driven pump
GB9624205.2 1996-11-21
GB9707346.4 1997-04-11
GB9707346A GB2319570A (en) 1996-11-21 1997-04-11 Fluid driven pump for use in reverse osmosis plant

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/315,651 Continuation US6203696B1 (en) 1996-11-21 1999-05-20 Fluid driven pumps and apparatus employing such pumps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998022202A1 true WO1998022202A1 (fr) 1998-05-28

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ID=26310448

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/003208 WO1998022202A1 (fr) 1996-11-21 1997-11-21 Pompes actionnees par des fluides et appareil faisant appel a de telles pompes

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US6203696B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0951342B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001506916A (fr)
CN (1) CN1134285C (fr)
AT (1) ATE217208T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU718975B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2272339A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69712518T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2177376B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2333564B (fr)
IL (1) IL130033A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998022202A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

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WO2000001471A1 (fr) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-13 Bolsaplast, S.A. Dispositif a faible consommation de dessalement d'eau salee par osmose inverse
EP1108461A2 (fr) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-20 Calder Limited Dispositif de récupération d'énergie
WO2001077533A1 (fr) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-18 National Oilwell Norway As Actionneur hydraulique
CN106837729A (zh) * 2017-02-07 2017-06-13 陕西航天德林科技集团有限公司 柱塞泵
US11806667B2 (en) 2021-04-05 2023-11-07 Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Portable membrane filtration

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US7244357B2 (en) * 1999-05-25 2007-07-17 Miox Corporation Pumps for filtration systems
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EP3359813A1 (fr) * 2015-10-08 2018-08-15 Energy Harvest AS Dispositif d'élévation de liquide
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US11090404B2 (en) 2016-05-19 2021-08-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Systems for dispensing fluid materials
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US10265658B2 (en) * 2016-09-12 2019-04-23 Eten Technology Ltd. Energy-saving water purifying system
IT201800010303A1 (it) * 2018-11-13 2020-05-13 Schenker Italia S R L Dissalatore ad osmosi inversa
CN110273822A (zh) * 2019-06-09 2019-09-24 天津融渌众乐科技有限公司 一种对正功能量和负功能量综合利用的能量产出装置
US11480165B2 (en) * 2019-09-19 2022-10-25 Oshkosh Corporation Reciprocating piston pump comprising a housing defining a first chamber and a second chamber cooperating with a first piston and a second piston to define a third chamber and a fourth chamber
CN111120247A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-08 邵延荣 一种空压机

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CN106837729B (zh) * 2017-02-07 2019-05-17 陕西航天德林科技集团有限公司 液压系统的柱塞泵
US11806667B2 (en) 2021-04-05 2023-11-07 Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Portable membrane filtration

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DE69712518D1 (de) 2002-06-13
IL130033A0 (en) 2000-02-29
GB9911551D0 (en) 1999-07-21
CN1134285C (zh) 2004-01-14
ES2177376A1 (es) 2002-12-01
GB2333564B (en) 2000-12-20
CN1246074A (zh) 2000-03-01
JP2001506916A (ja) 2001-05-29
ATE217208T1 (de) 2002-05-15
EP0951342A1 (fr) 1999-10-27
US6203696B1 (en) 2001-03-20
DE69712518T2 (de) 2002-11-14
ES2177376B1 (es) 2004-08-16
AU5062498A (en) 1998-06-10
IL130033A (en) 2002-05-23
EP0951342B1 (fr) 2002-05-08
AU718975B2 (en) 2000-05-04
GB2333564A (en) 1999-07-28
CA2272339A1 (fr) 1998-05-28

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