WO1998010044A1 - Melange d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procedes de preparation - Google Patents
Melange d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procedes de preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998010044A1 WO1998010044A1 PCT/FR1997/001551 FR9701551W WO9810044A1 WO 1998010044 A1 WO1998010044 A1 WO 1998010044A1 FR 9701551 W FR9701551 W FR 9701551W WO 9810044 A1 WO9810044 A1 WO 9810044A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- aryl
- mixture
- phenyl
- linear
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a mixture of alkaline earth metal alkali-aryl sulfonates, its application as detergent-dispersant additives for lubricating oils and methods of preparing such a mixture.
- alkylaryl hydrocarbons subjected to the sulfonation reaction come from the alkylation by the Friedel and Craft reaction of different aryl hydrocarbons, in particular aromatic, with two different types of olefins:
- the molar proportion of the corresponding hydrocarbon cyclic group in position 1 or 2 of the starting linear olefinic chain is approximately 25%.
- this superficial skin is generally accompanied by a very slow filtration speed, a high viscosity, a low calcium incorporation, a deterioration in anti-rust performance and the undesirable appearance. a cloudy appearance, or even a sedimentation, when the sulfonate thus prepared is added in an amount of 10% by weight to a standard lubricating oil and stored for examination.
- the Applicant has carried out chromatographic studies to identify each of the different isomers differing by the position of the aryl radical on the carbon atom of the linear alkyl chain and examined their respective influence on the properties of the corresponding alkyl-aryl-sulfonates of alkali metal- earthy obtained from these different isomers.
- dialkyl-aryl-sulfonates in which the aryl radical may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, such as in particular the phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, ethyl-phenyl or cumenyl radicals, and in which the two alkyl substituents are both linear alkyl chains, the sum of the carbon atoms of which is between 16 and 40, preferably between 18 and 40 carbon atoms, or
- aryl radical may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, such as in particular the phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, ethyl-phenyl or cumenyl radicals, and in which the or the alkyl substituents are branched chains, in which the sum of the carbon atoms is on average between at least 15 and up to 48 carbon atoms, said mixture of alkyl-aryl-sulfonates having a maximum molar content of 10 %, and preferably less than or equal to 8% in linear monoalkylphenyl sulfonate, in which the phenyl-sulfonate radical is substituted in position 1 or 2 of the linear alkyl chain.
- the mixtures according to the invention preferably contain between 75 and 85% by weight of mono-alkyl-phenyl-sulfonate, as defined in (a) above and between 15 and 25% by weight of alkyl-aryl-sulfonate heavy as defined in (b), (i) or (ii) above with, for the mixture, the same maximum content of monoalkyl sulfonate substituted in position 1 or 2.
- said mixtures have a set of properties of solubility in lubricating oil, of filtration speed, of viscosity, of dispersion of impurities (carbonaceous particles), of incorporation of alkaline earth metal in the medium, of anti- rust, absence of cloudiness and absence or delay in the formation of superficial skin, which makes them particularly attractive as detergent-dispersant additives in this type of oil.
- the first of the two ingredients used in the composition of the mixtures forming the subject of the present invention in a preponderant proportion compared to the second, is a mono-alkyl-phenyl-sulfonate, in which the linear mono-alkyl substituent, originating from 'a linear olefin, as defined above, must be substituted by the phenyl-sulfonate radical in a certain proportion in position 1 or 2 of the linear alkyl chain.
- the content of 13% is the threshold from which it is no longer possible to obtain an ingredient making it possible to obtain a mixture having both a suitable improvement in the various properties listed above.
- the content of 11% constitutes the upper limit of the ingredient prepared on an industrial scale and for which it is sought to obtain a mixture having all of the abovementioned properties.
- this alkylphenyl hydrocarbon is not sufficient to confer on the corresponding sulfonate properties making it suitable as a detergent-dispersant additive for lubricating oil.
- another heavy alkyl-aryl-sulfonate in a minimum proportion of 15% and maximum of 50% and preferably between 15% and 25% by weight. , compared to the mixture of sulfonates.
- this heavy alkyl aryl sulfonate can be of two types.
- dialkyl-aryl-sulfonate in which the aryl radical is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, such as in particular phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, ethyl-phenyl or cumenyl and in which each of the two alkyl groups comes from a linear olefin which may contain at least 80 mol% of linear mono-alpha-olefin and the sum of the carbon atoms in these two linear alkyl groups is between 16 and 40 and preferably between 18 and 40 carbon atoms.
- phenyl radical such as in particular phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, ethyl-phenyl or cumenyl
- each of the two alkyl groups comes from a linear olefin which may contain at least 80 mol% of linear mono-alpha-olefin and the sum of the carbon atoms in these two linear alkyl groups is between 16 and 40 and preferably between 18 and 40
- a first process in several stages, consists in first carrying out the synthesis of the corresponding monoalkylaryl hydrocarbon in which the linear monoalkyl radical has the shortest chain length of carbon atoms and then the alkylation of this hydrocarbon with a linear olefin containing at least a number of carbon atoms sufficient to meet the ranges specified above.
- a second process consists in a direct aikylation of an aromatic carbide by a mixture of linear alpha-olefins from C 8 to C 40 in an aromatic carbide / olefin molar ratio close to 0.5 so as to obtain a dialkyl-aryl hydrocarbon in which the sum of the carbon atoms of the two linear alkyl chains corresponds to the definition given above.
- the heavy dialkyl-phenyl-sulfonates can also be products marketed under the name of "LAB Bottoms”: they are heavy by-products obtained during the manufacture of linear alkyl benzene products (Linear Alkyl Benzene) in C 12 , used commonly, after sulfonation and neutralization with soda, in household detergents. During its production, the linear C 12 alkylbenzene is separated by distillation and the heavy fraction, called “LAB Bottoms”, consists mainly of dialkylbenzenes substituted in the para and meta positions and, in a smaller proportion, certain heavy monoalkyl-benzene, originating from the oligopolymerization of the starting linear olefin.
- the other type of heavy alkyl-aryl-sulfonate used in the mixtures according to the invention is a mono- or poly-alkyl-aryl-sulfonate, in which the one or more alkyl substituents are no longer, as in the preceding ingredients, a straight chain, that is to say coming from the oligo-polymerization of ethylene, but branched chains, that is to say coming from the oligopolymerization of propylene, and in which the sum of the carbon atoms is on average at least 15 and up to 48 carbon atoms.
- These heavy branched mono- or poly-alkyl-aryl sulfonates can be obtained by aikylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon with a heavy propylene hydrocarbon, on average C 15 to C 21 , generally obtained as a by-product during the manufacture of the propylene tetramer.
- aikylation reaction can be carried out in two ways:
- the branched mono- or poly-alkyl-benzenes can also be heavy by-products obtained during the manufacture of dodecyl benzene, marketed under the name of BAB, which is the abbreviation corresponding to "Branched Alkyl Benzene".
- BAB Branched Alkyl Benzene
- a large molar excess of benzene is alkylated by propylene tetramer and the heavy by-product is that which remains at the bottom of the column during the distillation at the top of the dodecyl-benzene.
- This heavy by-product consists essentially of a heavy monoalkyl-benzene where the number of carbon atoms in the branched alkyl chain is greater than or equal to 13 and of dialkyl-benzenes para and meta.
- the molecular mass of dodecylbenzene is 242, while that of the heavy by-product obtained during its manufacture can range from 300 to 390.
- the Applicant has discovered that the mixtures of alkyl aryl sulfonates according to the present invention were not subject to the formation of a surface skin, to storage at room temperature, if their molar content of monoalkyl phenyl sulfonate in which the phenyl-sulfonate substituent substituted in position 1 or 2 on the linear alkyl radical is less than 10% and preferably equal to or less than 8%.
- the limit of 10% is the threshold beyond which skin formation appears within less than 48 hours after storage, making the mixture difficult to use as an additive for lubricant.
- the Applicant assumes that the presence of a phenyl-sulfonate substituent in position 1 or 2 of a linear alkyl group particularly absorbs water and this absorption of water would lead to the harmful formation of a superficial skin during storage in the open air of the mixture containing it.
- the invention also relates to processes for the preparation of such a mixture of alkyl-aryl-sulfonates.
- a first process according to the invention comprises the mixture of the corresponding alkyl-aryl hydrocarbons, the sulfonation of this mixture and the reaction of the resulting sulfonic acids with an excess of alkaline earth base.
- a second process according to the invention comprises the separate preparation of each of the two alkyl-aryl-sulfonic acids, their mixing and their reaction with an excess of alkaline earth base.
- a third process according to the invention consists in preparing each of the alkyl aryl sulfonates used in the composition of the mixtures separately and their mixture in the required proportions.
- the first method is preferred because the sulfonates obtained have better solubility in the lubricating oil than the sulfonates obtained in the other two methods.
- the benzene is first alkylated with a linear olefin according to the Friedel and Craft reaction.
- This alkylation reaction can be carried out either directly with a linear mono-olefin, already isomerized, containing a molar proportion of between 0 and 13%, preferably between 5 and 11% and more particularly between 7 and 10% of alpha. -olefin.
- an alkyl-phenyl hydrocarbon is obtained having the desired molar proportion of phenyl isomers in position 1 or 2 of the linear alkyl chain.
- the catalyst used for the Friedel and Craft reaction is preferably chosen from hydrofluoric acid, aluminum chloride, boron fluoride, a sulfonic ion exchange resin or an acid-activated clay. The conditions of this alkylation reaction depend on the nature of the Friedel and Craft catalyst used.
- the temperature is preferably between 20 and 70 ° C. and the pressure between atmospheric pressure and 10 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
- these conditions are those described in the literature concerning this reaction.
- the temperature of the alkylation reaction is between 40 and 250 ° C. and the pressure between atmospheric pressure and 15.10 5 Pa.
- alpha-olefin reacts with the Friedel and Craft catalyst to form an intermediate carbonium ion, which isomerizes, the more easily the greater the relative proportion of alpha-olefin.
- this first isomerization step must be followed by a second step during which the molar proportion of benzene is 2 and preferably 5 times greater than that of the starting linear olefin, in order to decrease the proportion of unreacted olefin and consequently increase the conversion rate of the starting linear olefin into alkylate up to a rate close to 100%.
- radical or linear alkyl or linear olefin substituent denotes a radical or an olefin or a mixture of straight chain radicals or olefins, obtainable by oligo-polymerization of ethylene, and which contain between 14 and 40, preferably between 16 and 30 and more particularly between 20 and 24 carbon atoms and where the molar proportion of mono-alpha-olefin is at least 80%.
- linear olefins meeting this definition are constituted by C 6 , C 18 olefins, by C 14 to C 16 , C 14 to C 18 , C 16 to C 18 or C olefin sections. 20 to C 24 or by combinations of several of them.
- the linear C 14 to C 40 mono-alpha-olefins which can be obtained by direct oligo-polymerization of ethylene, have an infrared absorption spectrum exhibiting an absorption peak at 908 cm ⁇ 1 , characteristic the presence of an ethylenic double bond at the end of the chain, on the carbon atoms occupying positions 1 and 2 of the olefin; there are also two other absorption peaks at wavelengths of 991 and 1.641 cm '1 .
- the linear C 14 to C 40 mono-olefins isomerized that is to say in which the molar proportion of alpha-olefin is between 0 and 13%, preferably between 5 and 11%, and more particularly between 7 and 10%, have an infrared absorption spectrum showing no peak significant in the regions of 908, 991 and 1.641 cm “1 , but which, on the other hand, shows the appearance of an absorption peak at 966 cm " 1 , characteristic of an internal ethylenic double bond trans.
- isomerized mono-olefins can be obtained by heating, under atmospheric pressure at a temperature of the order of 120 ° C. for a period of 144 hours, from a cut of C 20 to C 24 alpha mono-olefins, obtained by polymerization of ethylene, on a catalyst based on pentacarbonyl iron, for example, as described in patent US-A-5,320,762.
- Figures 1 and 2 attached illustrate this difference, showing the infrared spectra of a section of C 20 to C 2 linear mono-alpha-olefins, obtained directly by polymerization of ethylene, in Figure 1 (reference: without, solvent: without, concentration: 100%, thickness 0.05, number of scans: 16), and after isomerization of this cut, by passage over a pentacarbonyl iron catalyst, to reduce its molar content of alpha- olefin less than 10%, in Figure 2 (reference: without, solvent: without, concentration: 100%, thickness 0.05, number of scans: 16).
- aromatic hydrocarbon with which these linear olefins are reacted is exclusively benzene, to the exclusion of any other benzenic hydrocarbon, in particular to the exclusion of any alkyl derivative of benzene in which the aromatic nucleus is substituted by one or more two alkyl radicals C-- -C 5.
- the alkylation reaction according to the Friedel and Craft reaction to obtain the alkylphenyl hydrocarbon corresponding to the first sulfonate of the mixture according to the present invention can be carried out in two stages, as indicated previously, by continuous implementation in two successive reactors in presence of catalyst.
- the molar proportion of benzene relative to the linear olefin is at most 1.5 and preferably 1.2 and more particularly 1, to slow down the alkylation reaction and promote a isomerization of the starting linear mono-alpha-olefin by migration of its double bond towards the middle of the hydrocarbon chain of the olefin.
- the molar proportion of benzene relative to the linear mono-alpha-olefin is increased to at least 2: 1 and, preferably, to 5: 1 and more, to complete the alkylation reaction.
- the Friedel and Craft catalyst is collected by phase separation, and the excess benzene is recovered by distillation, as in the previous processes.
- the same alkylphenyl hydrocarbon can also be obtained by separately carrying out the isomerization of the starting alpha-olefin and then adding benzene to carry out the catalytic alkylation reaction, with a Friedel and Craft catalyst.
- the alkylation reaction according to the Friedel and Craft reaction to obtain the heavy alkyl-aryl hydrocarbon corresponding to the second sulfonate of the mixture according to the present invention is either a dialkyl-aryl obtained by recovery at the bottom of the column of the products of reaction d '' an aromatic hydrocarbon with a linear mono-alpha-olefin in which the sum of the carbon atoms of the two monoalkyl substituents is between 16 and 40 and preferably between 18 and 40 carbon atoms, i.e.
- step sulfonation of each of the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons or of the mixture of the various alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons corresponding to the mixture according to the invention is carried out according to techniques known per se, for example by reaction of the product of step d alkylation, with concentrated sulfuric acid, with an oleum, with sulfuric anhydride diluted in nitrogen or air or with sulfuric anhydride dissolved in sulfur dioxide.
- This sulfonation reaction can also be carried out by bringing the ingredients (alkylate and sulfuric anhydride) into contact in the form of a film falling in currents of the same or opposite directions.
- the acid or the various sulfonic acids obtained can be purified by conventional techniques, such as washing with water or by heat treatment with stirring with nitrogen bubbling (see for example the technique described in French patent No. 93 11709 of the applicant).
- the following stage of reaction of the acid or sulphonic acids with an excess of alkaline-earth base can be carried out by adding an oxide or a hydroxide of an alkaline-earth metal, such as magnesium, calcium or barium and especially lime.
- This neutralization step is carried out in a dilution oil, with an alcohol with a boiling point above 80 ° C. and preferably with a carboxylic acid comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of water, as described in particular in the aforementioned French patent application 2,564,830.
- linear or branched aliphatic mono-alcohols containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms are preferably chosen, such as isobutanol, 2-ethylhexanol and oxo alcohols in C 8 to C 10 .
- dilution oils which may be suitable in the neutralization stage, mention may be made of paraffinic oils such as 100 Neutral oil, as well as naphthenic or mixed oils.
- alkyl-aryl sulfonate (s) of alkaline earth metal obtained are collected. If the corresponding alkyl aryl hydrocarbons or the corresponding sulfonic acids have not already been mixed, the alkyl aryl sulfonates can be mixed at this stage in order to obtain the mixtures according to the invention in the desired proportions.
- the mixtures of alkyl aryl sulfonates according to the invention are preferably slightly over-alkalinized, that is to say that their basicity index BN, measured according to standard ASTM-D-2896, can range from 3 to 60 and they can be used in particular as dispersing detergents for lubricating oils.
- mixtures of alkyl-aryl sulfonates according to the invention are particularly advantageous, when their basicity index is low and corresponds to a range of BN between 10 and 40.
- alkyl phenyl sulfonates having such a basicity index, namely between 3 and 60 and preferably between 10 and 40 and coming exclusively from l alkylation of benzene, as detergent-dispersant additives for lubricating oil having satisfactory properties, and without the need to add calcium or ammonium chloride to reduce the viscosity.
- the mixtures of alkyl-aryl-sulfonates according to the present invention in which the proportion of monoalkyl (linear) -phenyl-sulfonate (component a) defined above) is between 50 and 75% by weight, do not require any addition of chloride ions, notably in the form of calcium chloride or ammonium chloride, to satisfy all of the properties, listed above, to serve as detergent-dispersant additives for lubricating oils. This is not the case for the same mixtures containing 75 to 85% by weight of said (linear) monoalkyl-phenyl-sulfonate, for which it is preferable to add chloride ions.
- alkyl-aryl-sulfonates from the alkylation of aryl hydrocarbons other than benzene or alkyl-aryl-sulfonates from the alkylation by branched olefins were considered necessary to present all the properties making them suitable as detergent-dispersant additives for lubricating oil.
- the mixtures of alkyl aryl sulfonates according to the invention can be added to the lubricating oils in proportions ranging from 1 to 15% by weight depending on the nature of the lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oils to which the mixtures according to the present invention can be added may be lubricating oils based on naphthenic, paraffinic or mixed; they can consist of mineral oils or come from products of distillation of coal or consist of synthetic oils, such as polymers of alkenes or esters of mineral acids or carboxylic acids.
- the viscosity is measured, at a temperature of 100 ° C., after diluting the sample of product to be measured in 100N oil, until a solution with a total calcium level of 2.35 is obtained. % in weight. When the product to be measured has a total calcium level of less than 2.35% by weight, the viscosity is then measured as it is according to the ASTM D-445 method.
- Compatibility The purpose of this method is to assess the appearance and storage stability of the additives and the corresponding oils containing them.
- This method is applicable to additives for lubricants.
- An additive based on monosuccinimide, on zinc dithiophosphate and comprising approximately 75% by weight of the mixture of sulfonates to be tested is prepared, an additive which is placed in a 350 Neutral base oil.
- the purpose of this method is to assess the dispersive properties of an oil or an additive and to predict its level of performance (deposits, sludge) compared to a reference oil.
- the dispersive power of the oil is obtained by performing a paper chromatography of a mixture of oil to be tested and artificial mud under the following conditions:
- Task N ° 1 room temperature without water Task N ° 2: 10 minutes at 200 ° C without water Task N ° 3: 10 minutes at 250 ° C with water Task N ° 4: room temperature with water Task N ° 5: 1 min at 200 ° C with water Task N ° 6: 10 min at 200 ° C with water.
- the spots are observed after 48 hours of rest, manually or using the CCD photometer.
- the diameter (d) of diffusion of the mixture is measured and the diameter (D) of diffusion of the oil alone and the ratio d / D x 100 is calculated.
- the dispersive power of the oil is obtained by comparing the sum of the 6 spots with the value found on one of the reference oils which will have to be tested in the same measurement series.
- the alkylate is synthesized in a pilot hydrofluoric acid alkylation plant, which consists of two reactors in series of 1, 126 liters each and a decanter of 15 liters where the organic phase is separated from the phase containing hydrofluoric acid, all of this equipment being maintained under a pressure of approximately 4 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
- the organic phase is then drawn off via a valve and expanded to atmospheric pressure, then the benzene is removed by topping, that is to say heating to 160 ° C. at atmospheric pressure.
- the mineral phase after racking, is neutralized by potash.
- variables of the alkylation reaction are the following: (i) implementation in one or two reactors: - in the case of using a single reactor, the benzene / olefin molar ratio is 10, which is very high, and the second reactor is short-circuited;
- the benzene / olefin molar ratio is relatively low in the first reactor, of the order of 1 to 1.5, and it is higher in the second reactor, of the order from 2 to 10; in addition, the ratio of hydrofluoric acid to olefin by volume is 1 in the first reactor and 2 in the second.
- a light fraction is not formed, that is to say of alkyl benzene in which the alkyl radical is less than C 13 ; it therefore suffices to topping the unreacted benzene to obtain the corresponding alkylate.
- sulfonation of the alkylate is carried out directly on the mixture of the 2 alkylates of the present invention, in which the molar proportion of the phenyl radical substituted on the carbon atoms in position 1 or 2 of the alkyl radical is determined relative to the whole mixture of alkylates subjected to the sulfonation reaction.
- This reaction is carried out using sulfuric anhydride SO 3 , produced by passing a mixture of oxygen and sulfur dioxide anhydrous SO 2 through a catalytic oven containing vanadium oxide V 2 O 5 .
- the gas thus produced is introduced at the head of a sulfonation reactor 2 meters long and 1 cm in diameter into a co-current alkylate stream.
- the resulting sulfonic acid is recovered at the bottom of the reactor.
- the sulfonation conditions are as follows:
- an amount of Ca (OH) 2 is added which does not correspond to the stoichiometric neutralization of the amount of sulfonic acid reacted, namely 0.5 mole of Ca (OH) 2 per mole of this acid. sulfonic, but an excess of Ca (OH) 2 is added relative to this stoichiometric quantity, that is to say a proportion of 0.73 mole of Ca (OH) 2 per mole of sulfonic acid, to obtain a BN d 'around 20.
- 80% by weight of a linear alkylate obtained by aikylation of benzene with a normal C 20 to C 24 alpha-olefin is mixed, which will hereinafter be called the reference linear product, with 20% by weight.
- weight of a heavy branched alkylate, also called "BAB Bottom” obtained by aikylation of benzene with propylene tetramer and elimination of light aromatic fractions (with an alkyl chain lower than C 13 ).
- the sulfonation is carried out on the mixture of alkylates above.
- linear reference alkylate 80% by weight of linear reference alkylate is mixed with 20% of a heavy alkylate of the linear dialkyl-phenyl type obtained in the following manner:
- benzene and a composition of linear C 8 alpha-olefins are reacted, in a molar ratio of benzene to olefin of 1 and an HF / olefin volume ratio of 1, to a temperature of 45 ° C. and a pressure of 4.10 5 Pa.
- a phenyl hydrocarbon substituted by a single C 8 alkyl radical is obtained at the outlet of this first reactor, which will serve as an aryl hydrocarbon to be alkylated in the following reactor .
- alkylphenyl products After topping the unreacted benzene, all the alkylphenyl products are distilled in which the sum of the atoms present in the alkyl chain or chains amounts to up to and including 18 carbon atoms.
- a product is collected at the bottom of the column, which is mainly a linear dialkyl phenyl in which one of the alkyl substituents is C 8 and the other C 18 .
- the sulfonation is carried out on the mixture of alkylates defined above.
- the catalytic alkylation of the benzene is carried out with propylene tetramer with a benzene / propylene tetramer molar ratio of 1.2 and an HF / propylene tetramer ratio of 1 by volume.
- benzene and the alkylates in which the length of the branched alkyl chain is less than or equal to C 12 are removed by distillation.
- the sulfonation is carried out on the mixture of alkylates comprising, as indicated above, 80% of linear reference alkylate and 20% of said branched heavy alkylate thus prepared.
- the sulfonation is carried out on the following alkylate mixture: - 80% by weight of linear reference alkylate
- Example 4 Compared to Example 4, there are two differences intended to promote the increase in molecular mass: the first is a longer aliphatic chain in C 17 to C 18 than that in C 15 to C 18 of Example 4 and the second is a smaller molar excess of benzene relative to the branched olefin than in Example 4, namely close to stoichiometry 1, 5, in a first reactor to promote, as far as possible, the dimerization of the olefin either by formation of two alkyl substituents in eta or para position or by aikylation of the dimer on benzene. This alkylation reaction in the first reactor is followed by a reaction in a second reactor with a very large molar excess of benzene relative to the olefin, 10, to complete the alkylation of the aromatic carbide in question.
- This example is identical to the previous example except that the 20% by weight of branched alkylate with an average olefin at C 17 to C 18 was obtained with a single catalytic alkylation reactor and a rate benzene molar to this 10 olefin.
- EXAMPLE 7 This example according to the invention is identical to Example 5, from which it is however distinguished on the one hand by the proportions of the alkylate mixture which are 50% - 50% and not more than 80% -20% and on the other hand by the absence of any addition of chloride ions in the mixture of corresponding sulfonates.
- a mixture of 50% of linear alkylate of reference and 50% of an alkylate obtained by aikylation of benzene with a linear C 12 olefin is used in a single reactor with topping of benzene and elimination alkylphenyl hydrocarbons substituted with a single C12 alkyl radical and the corresponding sulfonate mixture is analyzed without the addition of chloride ions.
- This example differs from Example 7 only by the addition of chloride ions in the form of calcium chloride.
- the results of the tests carried out on the corresponding sulfonate mixtures are reflected in the compatibility of this mixture in a lubricating oil to the limit of acceptable, since there is the appearance of a slight haze when mixed with the lubricating oil.
- This example 9 shows the advantage of avoiding any addition of chloride ions in the mixtures of sulfonates according to the invention comprising between 50 and 75% of the linear monalkylphenyl sulfonate a) and between 25 and 50% of an alkyl aryl sulfonate. heavy b), as defined above.
- the sulfonation is carried out only on the heavy branched alkylate corresponding to that used in Example 5 according to the invention.
- the sulfonation is carried out only on the heavy branched alkylate described in Example 6 according to the invention.
- the reference linear alkylate was exclusively sulfonated, used in an amount of 80% by weight in embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention. It will be recalled that, during the preparation of this alkylate, two catalytic alkylation reactors are used successively:
- the sulfonation is carried out only on the heavy branched C 15 -C 18 alkylate used in Example 4, in order to determine the influence of the molecular mass.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97938974A EP0882116B1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-03 | Melange d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procedes de preparation |
DE69708848T DE69708848T2 (de) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-03 | Mischung von erdalkalialkylarylsulfonaten, ihre verwendung als schmierölzusatz und herstellungsmethode |
JP51230398A JP4112622B2 (ja) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-03 | アルカリ土類金属のアルキルアリールスルホネートの混合物、潤滑油添加剤、及び製造法 |
CA002236318A CA2236318C (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-03 | Melane d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procede de preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9610833A FR2752838B1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1996-09-05 | Melange d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procedes de preparation |
FR96/10833 | 1996-09-05 | ||
US09/087,106 US6054419A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1998-05-29 | Mixture of alkyl-aryl-sulfonates of alkaline earth metals, its application as an additive for lubricating oil, and methods of preparation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998010044A1 true WO1998010044A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
Family
ID=26232943
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/001551 WO1998010044A1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-03 | Melange d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procedes de preparation |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6054419A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0882116B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4112622B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2236318C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69708848T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2752838B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998010044A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0976810A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-02 | Chevron Chemical S.A. | Mélange d'alkyl-phenyl-sulfonates de métaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procédés de préparation |
US6551967B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2003-04-22 | Chevron Chemical S.A. | Low overbased alkylaryl sulfonates |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1059301B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-10 | 2003-05-21 | Chevron Chemical S.A. | Des sulfonates de métaux alcalino-terreux, leur application comme additifs pour huile lubrifiante et procédé de préparation |
US6337310B1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2002-01-08 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Alkylbenzene from preisomerized NAO usable in LOB and HOB sulfonate |
US6790813B2 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-09-14 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Oil compositions for improved fuel economy |
US8618029B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2013-12-31 | Chevron Oronite S.A. | Overbased detergents for lubricating oil applications |
US8293698B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2012-10-23 | Chevron Oronite S.A. | Alkylaryl sulfonate detergent mixture derived from linear olefins |
US8603956B2 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2013-12-10 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Super overbased polyalkenyl sulfonate and alkylaryl sulfonate composition and process for making the same |
US7598414B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2009-10-06 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Method of making a synthetic alkylaryl sulfonate |
US7495140B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2009-02-24 | Chevron Cronite Company Llc | Method of making a synthetic alkylaryl compound |
US20080119378A1 (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-22 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Functional fluids comprising alkyl toluene sulfonates |
US8362153B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2013-01-29 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Polyisobutenyl sulfonates having low polydispersity |
WO2009017497A2 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Procédé de fabrication d'un alkylaryl sulfonate synthétique |
US8148591B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2012-04-03 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Method of making a synthetic alkylaryl compound |
US20090163669A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Chevron Oronite LLC | Method of making a synthetic alkylaryl sulfonate |
US8076272B2 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-12-13 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Method of making a synthetic alkylaryl sulfonate |
US8704006B2 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2014-04-22 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Skewed and middle attached linear chain alkylphenol and method of making the same |
CN102899132A (zh) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-01-30 | 锦州惠发天合化学有限公司 | 合成烷基苯磺酸钙型润滑油清净剂及生产工艺 |
US9200230B2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2015-12-01 | VORA Inc. | Lubricating compositions and methods of use thereof |
US9062271B2 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2015-06-23 | Chevron Oronite Technology B.V. | Process for preparing an overbased salt of a sulfurized alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic composition |
US9376359B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2016-06-28 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Process for preparing a para-linear alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound |
WO2015066401A1 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-07 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Procédé de préparation d'un composé hydroxyaromatique à substitution alkyle ramifié en position para |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3764533A (en) * | 1970-08-07 | 1973-10-09 | Continental Oil Co | Oil soluble dialkaryl sulfonate compositions |
US4298547A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-11-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Preparation of improved alkylphenylsulfonates |
EP0312315A1 (fr) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Utilisation d'une composition surbasique de sulphonate de magnesium |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8723907D0 (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1987-11-18 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Overbased metal sulphonate composition |
GB8723909D0 (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1987-11-18 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricant oil additive |
CA2051279C (fr) * | 1990-12-31 | 2003-05-27 | Tze-Chi Jao | Sulfonate de calcium avec exces de base |
EP0645444A3 (fr) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-05-24 | Texaco Development Corp | Lubrifiants contenant des détergents surbasiques aromatiques ayant des groupes substituants alkyles linéaires. |
-
1996
- 1996-09-05 FR FR9610833A patent/FR2752838B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-03 JP JP51230398A patent/JP4112622B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-03 CA CA002236318A patent/CA2236318C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-03 DE DE69708848T patent/DE69708848T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-03 WO PCT/FR1997/001551 patent/WO1998010044A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-03 EP EP97938974A patent/EP0882116B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-05-29 US US09/087,106 patent/US6054419A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3764533A (en) * | 1970-08-07 | 1973-10-09 | Continental Oil Co | Oil soluble dialkaryl sulfonate compositions |
US4298547A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-11-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Preparation of improved alkylphenylsulfonates |
EP0312315A1 (fr) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Utilisation d'une composition surbasique de sulphonate de magnesium |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0976810A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-02 | Chevron Chemical S.A. | Mélange d'alkyl-phenyl-sulfonates de métaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procédés de préparation |
JP2000053985A (ja) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-22 | Chevron Chem Sa | アルカリ土類金属のアルキル―フェニル―スルホネ―ト混合物、潤滑油用添加剤としてのその用途、および製造方法 |
US6551967B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2003-04-22 | Chevron Chemical S.A. | Low overbased alkylaryl sulfonates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2752838A1 (fr) | 1998-03-06 |
JP4112622B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
CA2236318A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
CA2236318C (fr) | 2009-06-02 |
EP0882116B1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 |
US6054419A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
JPH11514702A (ja) | 1999-12-14 |
FR2752838B1 (fr) | 1998-12-04 |
EP0882116A1 (fr) | 1998-12-09 |
DE69708848T2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
DE69708848D1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0882116B1 (fr) | Melange d'alkyl-aryl-sulfonates de metaux alcalino-terreux, son application comme additif pour huile lubrifiante et procedes de preparation | |
EP1152050B1 (fr) | Huile synthétique à haut indice de viscosite et faible point d'écoulement | |
EP0164286B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'additifs détergents-dispersants pour huiles lubrifiantes à base d'alkylarylsulfonates de métaux alcalino-terreux ne moussant pas | |
EP0539277B1 (fr) | Utilisation d'un catalyseur en alkylation de paraffines | |
EP0786448B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'un produit de réaction comprenant une étape de neutralisation d'alkylphenols suivie d'une étape de carboxylation des alkylphénates obtenus | |
FR2731427A1 (fr) | Alkylaryl-sulfonates lineaires isomerises, utiles comme additifs pour huiles lubrifiantes et hydocarbures alkylaryliques correspondants | |
EP0873190B1 (fr) | Nouveau catalyseur d'alkylation, son procede de preparation et son utilisation dans des procedes d'alkylation | |
FR2736911A1 (fr) | Catalyseur liquide d'alkylation aliphatique | |
EP0007257A1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de détergents-dispersants de haute alcalinité pour huiles lubrifiantes et produit obtenu | |
EP0003694A1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de détergents-dispersants de haute alcalinité pour huiles lubrifiantes et produit obtenu | |
EP0102254A1 (fr) | Nouvel additif détergent-dispersant suralcalinisé pour huiles lubrifiantes | |
EP0007260A1 (fr) | Procédé perfectionné de préparation d'additifs détergents dispersants métalliques de haute alcalinité notamment pour huiles lubrifiantes et produit obtenu | |
FR2565239A1 (fr) | Amelioration d'essence naturelle avec l'acide trifluoromethanesulfonique | |
EP0623388B1 (fr) | Catalyseur d'alkylation de paraffines | |
EP0006796B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de détergents-dispersants métalliques suralcalinisés pour huiles lubrifiantes et produits obtenus | |
US2871254A (en) | Olefins from cat-cracked cycle oil | |
FR2504549A1 (fr) | Preparation de sels fortement basiques de metaux alcalino-terreux d'acides organiques et compositions d'huile les contenant | |
EP0598645A1 (fr) | Produits colloidaux contenant du calcium, et/ou du magnésium ainsi que du bore et/ou du phosphore, et/ou du soufre, leur préparation et leur utilisation comme additifs pour lubrifiants | |
BE1016199A3 (fr) | Methode de formulation de gazoles synthetiques ou d'additifs pour gazole. | |
FR2795340A1 (fr) | Nouveaux catalyseurs contenant des heteropolyanions utilisables dans des procedes de conversion de paraffines | |
FR2738503A1 (fr) | Catalyseur solides d'alkylation aliphatique | |
BE572057A (fr) | ||
FR2719504A1 (fr) | Catalyseur d'alkylation d'isoparaffine C4-C5 par au moins une oléfine C2-C6. | |
FR2719503A1 (fr) | Catalyseur d'alkylation d'isoparaffine C4-C5 par au moins une oléfine C2-C6. | |
FR2704160A1 (fr) | Catalyseur pour l'alkylation d'hydrocarbures paraffiniques. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP SG US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997938974 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2236318 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2236318 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 1998 512303 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997938974 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1997938974 Country of ref document: EP |