Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
  • B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
  • B26D7/2614—Means for mounting the cutting member
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
  • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
  • B21D28/36—Perforating, i.e. punching holes using rotatable work or tool holders
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F1/24—Perforating by needles or pins

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for perforating sheet-like foils, in particular plastic foils.
• Plastic films used for the production of packaging should be permeable to air, at least in some areas, if bulk goods such as dusts, flours and granules are packed in them, so that the air that is trapped during filling can escape. Trapped air cushions can otherwise lead to stacking difficulties or even bursting of the sacks and bags when the filled packages are stacked and stored.
• the invention has for its object to provide a device with which foils can be perforated so finely that they become air-permeable, but no filling material escapes or foreign matter cannot penetrate the foils.
• At least one pair of rollers traversed by the film consisting of a needle roller which has needles oriented radially to its outer surface and a counter roller which is held in contact with the needle roller, and the outer surface of which by immersing a tip respective needle enabling equipment is provided.
• the counter roller can be designed to run along, but can also be easily equipped with an associated drive.
• Films can be perforated very finely with the device according to the invention, since the needles of the needle roller are so are arranged so that they only with their tip in the. suitably equipped outer surface of the counter roller can penetrate as soon as they have penetrated through the film to be perforated.
• the equipment preferably comprises a flexible configuration of the jacket surface. However, the equipment can also comprise grooves or similar depressions molded into the lateral surface, into which a tip of a needle emerging from the perforated film can protrude.
• At least one needle roller with an associated counter roller which form a pair of rollers, is required.
• Rotation bodies can be assembled from both counter rollers and needle rollers, which form needle rollers or counter rollers. It is particularly expedient if each needle roller remains individually and separately stored within a needle roller.
• a counter roller can be formed in one piece, in which case a plurality of needle rollers or even needle rollers can rest against this counter roller.
• the dimensioning of a puncture through the film depends essentially on the dimension of the piercing needle.
• the minimization of the diameter of a needle stands against that the needle becomes more sensitive to mechanical loads as the needle diameter decreases. '
• the goal of using the smallest possible needle diameter should therefore hardly be achievable by reducing the size of the needles inserted in the needle rollers.
• the desired small-sized piercing of foils which results in a so-called “microperforation”, is achieved without risk of breakage for the needles by the fact that the outer surface of the needle roller has depressions, for example bores.
• a needle of the type is accommodated in each depression that only a section of its tip protrudes by a predetermined amount over the lateral surface, which is advantageously about four times the thickness of the film, which largely results in round holes with smooth edges in the film, preferably to some standardization reach, the dimension can be equal to the ratio of film thickness to protrusion of about 1: 3.33 to 1: 4.66, which also makes it possible to adapt the perforations in the film to the contents to be packed with the perforated film.
• the tip angle of each needle tip should not be greater than 25 °, so that the needle tip remains fine enough on the one hand, but on the other hand does not become too sensitive to mechanical loads.
• a tip angle of 15 ° to 20 ° has proven to be advantageous.
• Relatively strong needles can be inserted into the recesses of the needle roller, with only the tips of the needles protruding from the recesses by the desired amount.
• the conical shape of the needle tips in connection with the constant protrusion of the needles over the outer surface means that the perforation of the Plastic films with minimal diameters of the piercing becomes possible.
• the needle roller can be equipped with depressions distributed over its surface, for example bores, without any problems. Each depression can be a blind hole into which the shaft of a needle can be inserted.
• the needles can be used with a press fit.
• Means for setting and fixing the insertion depth of a needle can also be provided.
• Any means for setting and fixing a needle in the blind hole can, for example, be a spacer element which can be placed in the blind hole.
• the surfaces of the needle and spacer element which are in contact with one another in the blind hole can be equipped with locking means which can be brought into operative connection with one another.
• Each counter roller or counter roller is designed as a smooth roller or smooth roller.
• a smooth roll or smooth roller is advantageously able to roll warps in the edge area of the perforations of the film smoothly. This is made possible in particular by the fact that the lateral surfaces of the needle roller and counter roller are practically free from one another are held, whereby a not inconsiderable pressure is exerted on the continuous, perforating film.
• Such an advantageous pressure is achieved, for example, by equipment which is designed such that it consists entirely of a material into which the needles, which are pierced by a film, can penetrate. This is achieved, for example, with a hard elastic material.
• the outer surface of the counter roller or counter roller consists at least in sections of hard elastic material. For example, hard rubber can be used.
• the hard elastic material can, for example, be in the form of a layer placed around the counter roller.
• the material used has a Shore hardness of 90, preferably 95. If the mating roller and the needle roller are placed against one another in such a way that their lateral surfaces come into contact with one another, the needles projecting over the lateral surface penetrate into the layer made of hard-elastic material.
• the plastic film to be punched which is relatively thin, runs between the counter roller and the needle roller and is rolled, also by the elasticity of the outer surface of the counter roller, with a predeterminable rolling pressure.
• the device provides that at least one of the rollers of the pair of rollers, or one of the rollers of a pair of rollers is mounted in bearings which are equipped with an adjusting device for adjusting the center distance z see the rollers of the pair of rollers.
• the adjustment of the center distance can also be carried out cyclically with a suitable adjusting device can be controlled, for example to intermittently create a perforation in a film.
• the adjusting device for the bearings is advantageously provided with pressure elements, for example spring elements, which make it possible to hold the rollers or rollers of the roller or roller pair resiliently but with appropriate pressure by the spring force.
• Pressure elements for example spring elements, which make it possible to hold the rollers or rollers of the roller or roller pair resiliently but with appropriate pressure by the spring force.
• Working cylinders replacing the spring members can also be used as pressure members.
• Working cylinders can be provided.
• deflection rollers which apply the film to the outer surface of the counter roller or the counter roller before and / or after it has passed through the pair of rollers or rollers.
• the needle rollers assigned to a common counter roller or counter roller offset radially to the counter roller or counter roller by 180 ° to one another.
• the not insignificant pressure of the needle rollers on the counter roller or counter roller is approximately compensated for, so that the risk of deflection of the counter roller or counter roller remains limited to a still tolerable minimum.
• both needle rollers perforate the same area of the film, which is not the case with needle rollers arranged offset in the longitudinal direction of the counter roller or counter roller.
• the needles of the corresponding needle rollers can be arranged in such a way that, for example, the needles of the first needle roller that has passed through perforate only such a film area that the needles of the second needle roller that has passed through afterwards do not reach.
• the needles may be arranged in rows along the circumference of each needle roller, the rows of the second needle roller being laterally offset from the rows of the first needle roller.
• each needle roller is pressed in a controlled manner, that is to say it can also be clocked, so that perforation fields can be produced in the longitudinal direction of the film.
• the arrangement of individual needle rollers in the device makes it possible to continuously hide perforations on the film by swiveling predetermined needle rollers where a perforation could lead to application difficulties for the films. It is also possible to combine the needle roller with storage in one structural unit, which advantageously enables the entire structural unit to be moved laterally. Lateral distances can be set so that work areas are precisely adjacent or the areas of the perforations are defined.
• the diameters of the needle roller and counter roller or of the needle roller and counter roller are relatively small.
• the counter roller or counter roller is designed with a larger diameter than the needle roller or needle roller, for example with a diameter of 200 mm, which has proven to be expedient if the diameter of the The needle roller or the needle roller is not larger than, for example, 120 mm, but preferably not smaller than 80 mm.
• the passage of the film is so directed that it largely wraps around the counter roll or counter roll, for example with a wrap angle of 270 °.
• a predetermined number of needles is distributed in a row on a circumferential line of the needle roller or needle roller, wherein each needle roller or needle roller has several rows of needles next to one another.
• the needles of adjacent circumferential lines or adjacent rows are offset from one another in the direction of rotation of the needle roller or the needle roller. This doubles the distance between the perforation holes in the film and thus the tear length.
• each circumferential line or row with needles offset at an angle to the axis of rotation or radial running direction, with the needle pattern and number of needles of the needle roller or needle roller remaining.
• the offset angle of a circumferential line or row can, for example, be approximately 15 ° to the axis of rotation.
• Another advantageous hole pattern of the perforation can also result from the needles being offset alternately or alternately on both sides of the circumferential line within a row or circumferential line while the number of needles remains constant, in particular in combination with the offset of the needles of adjacent rows or Circumferential lines, this results in a perforation pattern of the perforation that has little tendency to tear.
• the amount of displacement is approximately 2 mm.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a pair of rollers in section
• FIG. 2 shows a detail of the needle roller of the roller pair according to FIG. 1 in section on an enlarged scale
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of a device with a counter roller and two needle rollers placed thereon
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a section of a counter-roller with a plurality of needle rollers placed thereon
• FIG. 5 shows the schematic side view of a section of a counter roll with needle rollers placed thereon, which are staggered
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a section of a film which has strip-shaped perforations produced with a device according to FIG. 4,
• Fig. 7 shows a portion of a film
• FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of a needle roller with needles arranged in rows
• FIG. 9 shows an enlarged detail, identified by the encirclement in FIG. 8, to illustrate the needle arrangement
• FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a needle roller, the needles of which are arranged in rows which are inclined at an angle to the axis of rotation,
• Fig. 11 is a detailed view marked by encirclement in Fig. 10 on an enlarged scale and
• FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of a further possibility of the needle arrangement on the outer surface of a needle roller.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a film 1, which passes through a pair of rollers, which comprises a needle roller 2 and a counter roller 3.
• the outer surface 4 of the counter roller 3 consists of a layer of hard elastic material 5, for example hard rubber.
• the needle roller 2 has Wells 6, in each of which a needle 7 is received such that only a predetermined ' portion of the needle tip 8 protrudes beyond the lateral surface 9 of the needle roller 2.
• Fig. 2 shows a detail of the needle roller 2 on an enlarged scale.
• the same components are labeled with the same reference numbers.
• the needle 7 is inserted into the recess 6.
• the depression is drilled as a blind hole.
• the depression is expediently cylindrical, so that needles with a cylindrical shaft can be used.
• the needle 7 is slotted in the foot area.
• a conical mandrel 12 of the spacer 11 can press into the slot, as a result of which the shaft of the needle 7 is expanded and the needle is firmly seated in the recess 6 of the needle roller 2.
• FIG. 3 shows the side view of a schematically reproduced device.
• the device comprises a machine frame 13 in which a counter roller 3 is rotatably mounted in a manner not shown, such that the counter roller 3 can rotate about the axis 14 when the film 1 runs in the direction of the arrows 15 over the counter roller 3.
• Bearing cross members 18, 18 ' are mounted on the machine frame in the spherical bearings 17, 171.
• Working cylinders 19, 19 ' are supported on the machine frame 13 and engage with their piston rods 20 on the bearing cross members 18, 18'.
• each bearing traverse can be pivoted with the aid of the working cylinders 19, 19 'independently of the other bearing traverse in each case about the associated pivot bearing 17 or 17'.
• the pivoting movement is indicated by the double arrows 21 and 21 '.
• a needle roller 2 or 2 ' is mounted on the free end of each bearing crossmember 18 or 18'.
• Fig. 3 illustrates that the two needle rollers 2, 2 'with the help of the working cylinder 19 and 19' are applied to the counter roller 3 with a predetermined pressure.
• the film 1 passing therebetween is perforated by means of the needle roller 2, 2 '.
• Fig. 3 illustrates that the needle rollers 2 and 2 'are assigned to a common counter roller 3 and are positioned at 180 ° to each other radially to the counter roller.
• the pressing force of the needle roller 2, which it exerts on the counter roller 3, is thereby compensated by means of the opposing pressing force of the needle roller 2. This is particularly advantageous in order to avoid deflections, which have particularly serious effects when a plurality of needle rollers simultaneously press on one side against a longer counter roller.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a device in which a plurality of needle rollers 2, 2 ′ or 2 ′′, 2 ′′ ′′ have a counter roller 3 in the form of a longer counter roller.
• Each needle roller 2, 2 'or 2'',2''' is, according to FIG. 3, stored separately and independently, and pressed against the counter roller 3.
• the counter roller is hard elastic Material 5 encased, with which the outer surface 4 of the counter roll 3 consists at least in sections of hard elastic material 5.
• Fig. 4 illustrates that a deflection of the counter roller 3 could occur if only the needle rollers 2 and 2 '' located next to each other would be in contact with the counter roller 3 '.
• the deflection due to the loads is significantly reduced by the needle rollers 2 'and 2' '' which are opposite the needle rollers 2, 2 '' and are spatially offset by 180 °.
• Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a counter roller 3 ', with the needle rollers 2' and 2 '' 'in such a way that their working areas adjoin each other.
• Fig. 4a illustrates in an enlarged detail view sections through the lateral surfaces of the two needle rollers 2 and 2 'in - Fig. 4, which are mutually offset by 180 ° and provide the formation of the strip-shaped perforation area 22 in the film 1 (Fig. 6).
• FIG. 6 and 7 show corresponding perforation areas in a film 1.
• the strip-shaped perforation areas are designated in FIG. 6 with 22 and 22 '.
• Unprocessed film areas are located on both sides of the strip-shaped perforation areas 22 and 22 '.
• the film may have passed in the direction of arrow 15.
• Fig. 8 shows a schematic side view of a needle roller 2, the outer surface 9 of which is equipped with needles.
• a predetermined number of needles is in each case distributed in series on a circumferential line of the needle roller 2, each needle roller having a plurality of rows of needles next to one another.
• FIG. 9 shows the detail marked by the encirclement in FIG. 8 from the view of the lateral surface 9 of the needle roller 2 according to FIG. 8 on an enlarged scale.
• Fig. 9 shows that the needles 7 are arranged in rows. One of the rows is illustrated by arrow 23.
• FIG. 10 shows a schematic side view of a needle roller 2 on the outer surface 9 of which needles are also arranged in a row, although the rows are offset with an angle to the axis of rotation 24 or radial direction of the needle roller.
• FIG. 11 again shows the section of the lateral surface designated by encirclement in FIG. 10 in an enlarged manner
• FIG. 12 schematically shows another possibility of arranging needles on the outer surface 9 of a needle roller or needle roller.
• the needles 7 are alternately or alternately offset on both sides of the circumferential line 25 within a row or circumferential line 25, which is again illustrated by the arrow 23.
• the needles of a row are connected to one another by only lines 26 drawn in here.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26024745

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (10)

Citations (8)

• 1997
  • 1997-04-15 ES ES97106139T patent/ES2186817T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-15 JP JP9536647A patent/JPH11508830A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-04-15 DK DK97106139T patent/DK0802026T3/da active
  • 1997-04-15 EP EP97106139A patent/EP0802026B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-15 AT AT97106139T patent/ATE227197T1/de active
  • 1997-04-15 WO PCT/DE1997/000752 patent/WO1997038832A1/de unknown
  • 1997-04-15 BR BR9702130A patent/BR9702130A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (8)

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