WO1997020108A1 - Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer - Google Patents
Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997020108A1 WO1997020108A1 PCT/BE1996/000124 BE9600124W WO9720108A1 WO 1997020108 A1 WO1997020108 A1 WO 1997020108A1 BE 9600124 W BE9600124 W BE 9600124W WO 9720108 A1 WO9720108 A1 WO 9720108A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- core
- traverse
- wooden
- blades
- shoulder
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to railway sleepers.
- Traditional sleepers for railways are generally made of wood. According to a more recent design, they are made of mono-block or double block reinforced concrete. Metallic sleepers are also known, used mainly in tropical countries.
- the wooden sleepers are from a technical point of view very interesting as long as we stay in the elastic domain of wood. Wood offers in particular excellent qualities of damping of vibrations caused by the passage of vehicles on the rails.
- Patent US-1,418,708 shows that, very early on, efforts were made to improve the cost and longevity of railway sleepers.
- the cross member described in this patent comprises a wooden body enclosed by metal hoops. It is coated with a layer composed of asphalt and asbestos.
- This cross shape classic parallelepiped has a coating layer vulnerable to external agents and is ultimately polluting.
- This crosspiece is not particularly resistant to mechanical stresses.
- Concrete sleepers are currently widely used as a substitute for wooden sleepers. Generally, sleepers are made up of two reinforced concrete blocks, also called blocks, connected by a metal spacer. The main advantage of these sleepers lies in their relatively low cost price.
- the metal sleepers are noisy at high speed and the electrical insulation of the rails can only be achieved at the cost of special equipment.
- the metal sleeper is more expensive than the wooden sleeper.
- EP-A-0 560 580 describes epoxy resin railway sleepers in which incorporated fragments from recycled tires, which therefore contain rubber, steel wire, various unsorted synthetic fibers. This type of material, in essence not very homogeneous, and containing particles liable to rust, cannot be used as a basis for long-lived railway sleepers.
- the document EP-A-0154259 describes a railroad sleeper which comprises a metal frame coated with resin containing, in addition to rubber fragments, a mixture of sand and stony debris.
- Such a crosspiece mainly takes up the stresses by its frame; there are connection problems between the body and the frame and it therefore cannot be considered for long-life sleepers either.
- EP-A-0 486 465 also discloses a cross member comprising panels of agglomerated wood and a metal frame in a box, coated with polyurethane foam.
- the rigidity is mainly due to the metallic box structure, the agglomerated wood having here a role of filling material.
- the upper face of the crosspiece is flat. The structure of this crosspiece is very different from that envisaged here.
- US-A-4,105,159 describes a cross member composed of high density wooden elements made up of agglomerated wood particles, and of structural wood elements, joined together, sandwiched between the high density elements made up of agglomerated wood particles. The preservation of such a sleeper is dependent on the incorporation of toxic and polluting preservatives.
- the crosspieces described in US-A-4,286,753 comprise a wooden body possibly composed of several wooden elements, extending flat over the entire length of the crosspiece.
- a plurality of flat sheets are arranged above and below the body and possibly between the different elements of the body. These sheets are made of agglomerated wood and resin.
- a resin is used as a bonding medium, to connect the sheets to the body of the sleeper. The resin sheets prevent the wooden hook from splitting into pieces and thus prolongs the life of the crosspiece. But the problem of treating the wood itself persists.
- cross member manufactured using old recycled cross members.
- the cross is made up of layers of shredded wood, saturated with a binder and a waterproofing material such as asphalt; metal reinforcements, in the form of metal nets are placed between each of these layers of wood.
- the cross member is also provided with a metal plate on its upper face and on its lower face.
- a cross member for a railway which comprises an elongated coj-ps of synthetic resinous composition molded in one piece.
- This cross piece molded in one piece has inclined portions, constituting seats for the rails.
- the synthetic resinous composition is expensive despite the possible incorporation of fillers such as wood chips.
- One of the aims of the invention is to reduce the pressure on the forest environment by reducing the felling of noble species.
- the present invention relates to a railroad cross member, which comprises a core and an outer casing.
- the core of this crosspiece comprises at least one wooden strip (By wooden strip is meant a solid or natural wooden strip as opposed to a material reconstituted from particles or chips of agglomerated wood).
- This cross member has two concrete or polymer concrete shoulders, located at the longitudinal ends of the cross member above the core. The upper part of these shoulders is capable of receiving fasteners for a rail.
- the outer envelope at least partially surrounds the crosspiece.
- the core consists of a single blade of wood, for example from an old traditional railway sleeper made of high quality wood, decommissioned.
- the core consists of several wooden blades, preferably placed on edge.
- the shoulder comprises, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, polymer concrete, consisting, in particular, of sand and gravel, as filler material and of a binder chosen from polyurethane, epoxide and polyester.
- the shoulder comprises concrete (sand and cement).
- the shoulder comprises a sole which can be, for example, a steel plate in the shape of a T.
- a plate made of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) is then advantageously placed between the sole and the rail.
- EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
- the upper face of each shoulder is situated in an inclined plane with respect to the plane in which the core is located, the highest point of each inclined plane being situated at the ends of the cross-member.
- the core of the crosspiece includes filling material between certain wooden strips.
- This filling material can be, for example, a composite material comprising a resin.
- the blades of the core are secured to one another by gluing and / or by stapling. This has the advantage of allowing the core to be manipulated as a single object, without running the risk of the wooden blades moving relative to each other.
- the cross member comprises, in the part under the shoulder and between the wooden blades which extend: over the entire length of the core, end blocks which have a height larger than the so-called ioois blades.
- the cross member comprises, between the shoulders, a central part having, in vertical section, in substance the shape of a convex pentagon.
- this pentagon has a substantially horizontal lower side, and is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal perpendicular bisector of said lower side.
- the cross member may advantageously include a layer of polymer between the core and the shoulder.
- the envelope comprises a polymer which is chosen, for example, from polyester, polyurethane or epoxide.
- the envelope may also include filler material, chosen, for example, from vulcanized rubber or recycling products such as debris recycled tires.
- the envelope can be further reinforced by reinforcing fibers, chosen, for example, from glass fibers, carbon fibers, or aramid fibers.
- the cross member comprises a finishing layer applied to the outer surface of the polymer envelope. This top coat may include a colorant.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crosspiece according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal section of a cross member along the line II-II of FIG. 1
- Fig. 3 is a cross section along line III-III of FIG. 1
- Fig. 4 is a cross section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1
- Figs. 5 and 6 are perspective views of two alternative embodiments of the core of the crosspiece
- Fig. 7 is a cross section similar to that of FIG. 3, the core being produced according to the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 6
- Fig. 8 is a section similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 7, of an alternative embodiment
- Fig. 9 is a partial longitudinal section similar to that of FIG. 2, of an alternative embodiment.
- Figure 10 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a variant of the crosspiece according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along the plane XI-XI of FIG. 10.
- Figure 1 shows a cross member 1 according to the invention. It has two shoulders 2 located at longitudinal ends of the cross member 1. These epaule ⁇ ments 2 have at their upper part a sole 9 adapted to receive fastening members of a rail (not shown). Between the two shoulders 2, a central part 3 is provided; its height is less than that which the cross member 1 has at the shoulders 2.
- Figures 2 and 3 show in more detail the shoulder 2 of a cross member 1 according to the invention. It is made of concrete or polymer concrete 8, which incorporates as a filling material for gravel and sand, and as a binder for resin.
- This resin is preferably polyurethane, it can also be eposryde or polyester.
- a quick-setting resin will be chosen, which advantageously accelerates the production of the crosspieces 1.
- the shoulder 2 has an upper face inclined in the longitudinal direction; its lowest point is on the side of the central part 3 and its highest point is on the side of the end of the cross member 1.
- the recommended inclination is 1 / 20; sometimes (for example in Germany) it is 1/40.
- This inclination has the advantage of promoting good wheel-rail contact and makes the most of the structure of the crosspiece according to the invention.
- the cross-member 1 comprises a core 4 composed of wooden strips 5 placed on edge which extend over the whole length of said cross-member 1 with their fibers parallel to the axis of said cross member 1.
- These blades 5 preferably have a dimension of approximately 5 centimeters wide and approximately 12 centimeters in height.
- the core 4, having a total width of approximately 30 centimeters is composed of five wooden blades 5 (Figs. 3 and 4).
- the core-shoulder junction zone merges practically with a neutral fiber, above which the shoulder 2 takes up the compression stresses (ideal characteristic for concrete), however, the wooden core 4 is stressed in tension.
- An advantage is, moreover, that it is possible to use cheaper types of wood (either young wood or wood from old downgraded sleepers) than in a conventional sleeper, and for a much longer service life.
- the wood used for this core 4 is in principle made up of species considered, a priori, to be of lower quality. Indeed, it is not necessary to resort to high quality wood (old oak or beech).
- the mechanical characteristics of the pine for example, are more than sufficient to absorb the mechanical stresses (elongation tensions and resistance to bending) which are transmitted in a distributed manner to the core 4 by the shoulders 2.
- the core 4 ensures, in turn, good damping of the oscillations, which is also one of the advantages of the present invention.
- the cross member l according to the invention has, in fact, better damping characteristics than conventional cross members made of solid wood or concrete.
- the central part 3 of the cross member 1 has, in cross section, the shape of a convex pentagon. This has a horizontal lower side, and is symmetrical with respect to the perpendicular bisector of said lower side.
- the central part 3 has at its upper part two slopes ⁇ rui avoid stagnation of water (rain or runoff).
- the whole of the cross-member 1, except the sole 9, is coated with a polymer envelope 6 (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 7, 9).
- the envelope 6 has substantially the same thickness everywhere (approximately 2 to 4 cm). We can also consider making it a little thicker at the lower part of the cross member l, to reduce the risk of perforation by the ballast on which the cross members are placed or on the contrary interrupt the envelope in this part which is not subjected to the aging effect of UV.
- the envelope 6 is not complete at the shoulders 2.
- the upper part of the shoulder 2 is not covered by the envelope 6.
- the envelope 6 has the function of protecting, in an efficient and almost unlimited way in time, the structure [nucleus 4 + shoulder 2] and more particularly the nucleus 4, atmospheric conditions and .; effects of pressure on the track ballast. It will advantageously have a practically elastic behavior. It is possible to reinforce the polymer envelope 6 by adding reinforcing fibers to the resin.
- the casing 6 comprises a polymer, preferably polyurethane, for example the polyurethane called "gelcoat". It is possible to optionally reinforce the envelope 6 by adding reinforcing fibers to the polymer.
- Filler material such as vulcanized rubber, in irregularly shaped pieces (for example from recycled tires, stripped of their metallic wires) can also be added to the polymer.
- rubber In addition to its insulating qualities, rubber has the advantage in particular of increasing the flexibility of the casing 6.
- a raw material is recycled by making the best use of its intrinsic qualities.
- a sole 9 is also shown, partially buried in the envelope 6 and in the concrete or polymer concrete 8.
- the upper face of the sole 9 is preferably located in the same plane as that of the upper face of the shoulder 2.
- the sole 9 is not in contact with the wood. It has, in cross section, the shape of a T (Figs. 3 and 7).
- the sole 9 is suitable for receiving fastening members for a rail. These fasteners can be chosen from all available types.
- the sole 9 serves, in concert with the corresponding shoulder 2, to distribute the pressures exerted by the rails on the cross-member 1 during the passage of a train.
- the sole 9 is here larger than the conventional soles.
- EVA ethyl vinyl vinyl acetate
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the core 4 of the cross member 1.
- One out of two of the wooden blades which make up the core 4 are made in one piece, and extend over the entire length of the core 4. These blades then bear the reference 5. These blades 5 ensure good resistance of the cross member 1 to traction and bending.
- the intermediate blades, located between the blades 5, are made up of three parts: two end blocks 10, the length of which corresponds substantially to the length of the shoulders 2, and a complementary blade 11, the length of which corresponds substantially to that of the central part 3.
- the height of the end blocks 10 and of the complementary blade 11 is equal to that of the blades 5.
- the end blocks 10 are replaced by blocks 12 of the same width and length as the blocks 10, but whose height is greater than the height of the blades 5.
- This embodiment gives a good connection between the shoulder 2 and the core 4.
- the gap between two end blocks 12 is occupied by a filling material.
- this filling material is a composite material incorporating a resin, which is preferably the same resin as that of the polymer envelope 6. It is obvious that a filling material will be advantageous in the case, for equal mechanical performance, it is cheaper than wood. It goes without saying that the different execution variants can be combined. Filling material could also replace the complementary blade 11, in the case of FIG. 5.
- the blocks 10 or 12 and complementary boards 11 or the filling material are introduced if necessary with the main aim of lowering the cost price of the cross member 1.
- the shoulder 2 and the core 4 are separated by a layer 13 comprising a polymer identical to the polymer used for the envelope 6.
- the upper face of the shoulder 2 always has the same inclination.
- Figs 10 and 11 show an embodiment comparable to that of Fig. 9: the shoulders 2 are separated therefrom from the core 4 by a layer of polymer material 13.
- Fastening means for rail 14 other than the flanges 9 are partially embedded in the concrete of the shoulders 2.
- These fixing means 14 could in particular be "pig tails" or the like.
- the core 4 is formed here from a single piece of wood, coming for example, as described above, from a conventional recycled cross-member.
- the sleepers according to the invention can be manufactured by means known to those skilled in the art and in particular by molding. Molding can advantageously be done in a vacuum or pressure mold.
- the cross-member can be produced, for example, in two stages: the core and the shoulder are produced in a first step and, in a second step, the envelope is cast under pressure.
- the trapezoidal shape of the cross member also allows easy demolding.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69608302T DE69608302T2 (de) | 1995-11-29 | 1996-11-28 | Eisenbahnschwelle |
AU76875/96A AU7687596A (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1996-11-28 | Sleeper for a railway track |
EP96939771A EP0864015B1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 | 1996-11-28 | Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9500980 | 1995-11-29 | ||
BE9500980A BE1009805A5 (fr) | 1995-11-29 | 1995-11-29 | Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997020108A1 true WO1997020108A1 (fr) | 1997-06-05 |
Family
ID=3889318
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BE1996/000124 WO1997020108A1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 | 1996-11-28 | Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0864015B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7687596A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1009805A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69608302T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997020108A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000028144A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-18 | Primix Corporation | Traverse de chemin de fer composite |
WO2008134336A1 (fr) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-06 | Superior Rail Support, Inc. | Traverse de chemin de fer de section transversale non homogène utile dans des environnements nuisibles pour le bois |
US8430334B1 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2013-04-30 | Jonathan Jaffe | Railroad tie of non-homogeneous cross section useful in environments deleterious to timber |
WO2014108868A1 (fr) * | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-17 | Greenrail S.R.L. | Traverse de chemins de fer composite |
US9080291B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2015-07-14 | Jonathan E. Jaffe | Embedded receiver for fasteners |
US9340946B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2016-05-17 | Grigorij WAGNER | Pile casing |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4839118B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2011-12-21 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | リニア方式の鉄道用合成枕木 |
DE102008037171B8 (de) | 2008-08-06 | 2010-10-14 | Institut für Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Weimar e.V. | Leichtverdichtbare oder selbstverdichtende Betonmischung, Verwendung solcher Mischungen und Bahnschwelle aus Beton |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR385841A (fr) * | 1907-12-31 | 1908-05-26 | Edward Covington | Traverse de chemin de fer |
US1418708A (en) * | 1922-04-05 | 1922-06-06 | George H Hardman | Coating for railroad ties and method of applying the same |
FR951446A (fr) * | 1942-09-01 | 1949-10-25 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Traverse de chemin de fer |
FR1300601A (fr) * | 1961-09-16 | 1962-08-03 | Paul Mueller Holzwaren Fabrik | Traverse, notamment pour chemin de fer |
FR2134930A5 (fr) * | 1971-04-19 | 1972-12-08 | Portec Inc | |
US4105159A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-08-08 | Brown Gordon Eldred | Composite railroad tie |
GB2030200A (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1980-04-02 | Ohno I | Railway bed or sleeper |
EP0486465A1 (fr) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-05-20 | VAE EISENBAHNSYSTEME Aktiengesellschaft | Traverse en matière synthétique |
RU2032783C1 (ru) * | 1992-03-04 | 1995-04-10 | Харчевников Виталий Иванович | Строительный элемент |
-
1995
- 1995-11-29 BE BE9500980A patent/BE1009805A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-11-28 DE DE69608302T patent/DE69608302T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-28 AU AU76875/96A patent/AU7687596A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-28 EP EP96939771A patent/EP0864015B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-28 WO PCT/BE1996/000124 patent/WO1997020108A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR385841A (fr) * | 1907-12-31 | 1908-05-26 | Edward Covington | Traverse de chemin de fer |
US1418708A (en) * | 1922-04-05 | 1922-06-06 | George H Hardman | Coating for railroad ties and method of applying the same |
FR951446A (fr) * | 1942-09-01 | 1949-10-25 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Traverse de chemin de fer |
FR1300601A (fr) * | 1961-09-16 | 1962-08-03 | Paul Mueller Holzwaren Fabrik | Traverse, notamment pour chemin de fer |
FR2134930A5 (fr) * | 1971-04-19 | 1972-12-08 | Portec Inc | |
US4105159A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-08-08 | Brown Gordon Eldred | Composite railroad tie |
GB2030200A (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1980-04-02 | Ohno I | Railway bed or sleeper |
EP0486465A1 (fr) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-05-20 | VAE EISENBAHNSYSTEME Aktiengesellschaft | Traverse en matière synthétique |
RU2032783C1 (ru) * | 1992-03-04 | 1995-04-10 | Харчевников Виталий Иванович | Строительный элемент |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 9550, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q41, AN 95-391847, XP002011601 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000028144A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-18 | Primix Corporation | Traverse de chemin de fer composite |
AU752247B2 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-09-12 | Primix Corporation | Composite railroad crosstie |
WO2008134336A1 (fr) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-06 | Superior Rail Support, Inc. | Traverse de chemin de fer de section transversale non homogène utile dans des environnements nuisibles pour le bois |
US7942342B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2011-05-17 | Scott Powers | Railway tie of non-homogeneous cross section useful in environments deleterious to timber |
US8430334B1 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2013-04-30 | Jonathan Jaffe | Railroad tie of non-homogeneous cross section useful in environments deleterious to timber |
US9080291B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2015-07-14 | Jonathan E. Jaffe | Embedded receiver for fasteners |
WO2014108868A1 (fr) * | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-17 | Greenrail S.R.L. | Traverse de chemins de fer composite |
EA025408B1 (ru) * | 2013-01-14 | 2016-12-30 | Гринрэйл С.Р.Л. | Композитная железнодорожная шпала |
US9695554B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2017-07-04 | Greenrail S.R.L. | Composite railway sleeper |
US9340946B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2016-05-17 | Grigorij WAGNER | Pile casing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69608302D1 (de) | 2000-06-15 |
BE1009805A5 (fr) | 1997-08-05 |
EP0864015B1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
AU7687596A (en) | 1997-06-19 |
EP0864015A1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 |
DE69608302T2 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
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