EP0864015B1 - Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer - Google Patents
Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0864015B1 EP0864015B1 EP96939771A EP96939771A EP0864015B1 EP 0864015 B1 EP0864015 B1 EP 0864015B1 EP 96939771 A EP96939771 A EP 96939771A EP 96939771 A EP96939771 A EP 96939771A EP 0864015 B1 EP0864015 B1 EP 0864015B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sleeper
- core
- shoulder
- wooden
- shoulders
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to sleepers for railway.
- the traditional sleepers for railways are usually made of wood. next a more recent design, they are made of concrete armed mono-block or double block. We also know metal sleepers, used mainly in tropical countries.
- the wooden sleepers are from a point of view very interesting technique as long as we stay in the elastic range of wood. Wood offers in particular excellent vibration damping qualities caused by the passage of vehicles on the rails.
- this wood must be treated so that it withstands atmospheric conditions, which poses other problems (duration of treatment, nature of products but above all strike the unit price of the sleepers. If we lower these demands on treatment, we faced with a sustainability problem, so that despite its high cost, the crosspiece must be periodically replaced.
- US Patent 1,418,708 shows that, very early on, we sought to improve the cost and longevity of sleepers a railway.
- the cross member described in this patent has a wooden body enclosed by straps metallic. It is coated with a composite layer asphalt and asbestos. This cross shape classic parallelepiped, has a coating layer vulnerable to outside agents and is ultimately polluting. This cross is not particularly resistant to mechanical stress.
- the metal sleepers meanwhile, are noisy at high speed and the electrical insulation of rails can only be made at the cost of special equipment.
- the metal crosspiece is more expensive than the wood.
- EP-A-0 154 259 describes a sleeper railway track which has a metal frame coated with resin containing in addition to rubber fragments, a mixture of sand and stony debris.
- Such a cross especially takes up the stresses by its frame; there are problems of connection between the body and the reinforcement and it cannot therefore also not be considered for long sleepers lifetime.
- US-A-4,105,159 describes a cross composed of high density wooden elements made of particles of agglomerated wood, and wooden elements of frame, joined, sandwiched between the elements of high density made up of agglomerated wood particles.
- the preservation of such a cross is dependent on the incorporation of toxic and polluting preservatives.
- the sleepers described in the patent US-A-4,286,753 have a wooden body possibly composed of several elements of wood, lying flat on the entire length of the crosspiece.
- a plurality of sheets plates are arranged above and below the body and possibly between the different elements of the body. These sheets are composed of chipboard and resin.
- a resin is used as a bonding medium, to bond the leaves to the body of the crosspiece.
- Resin sheets prevent wooden body to split into pieces and thus prolongs the service life of the crossing. But the problem of processing the wood itself persists.
- US-A-1,623,185 is described a sleeper made using old recycled sleepers.
- the cross is made up of layers of shredded wood, saturated with a binder and a waterproofing material such as asphalt; metal reinforcements, in the form of metal nets are arranged between each of these layers of wood.
- the crossmember also has a plate made of metal on its upper face and on its lower face.
- One of the aims of the invention is to reduce the pressure on the forest environment by reducing the felling of noble species.
- the subject of the present invention is a cross-member for railway track, which includes a core and a outer casing.
- the core of this crosspiece includes at least one blade of wood (By blade of wood, we mean a solid or natural wood blade as opposed to a material reconstituted from particles or shavings of agglomerated wood).
- This cross has two shoulders concrete or polymer concrete, located at the ends longitudinal of the cross member above the core. The part upper of these shoulders is able to receive rail fasteners.
- the outer envelope at least partially surrounds the crosspiece.
- the core consists of a single blade of wood, for example from an old railway cross traditional in high quality wood, downgraded.
- the core consists of several blades of wood, preferably laid on edge.
- the shoulder comprises, according to a mode particular embodiment of the invention, concrete polymer, made up, in particular, of sand and gravel, as filler and of a binder chosen from polyurethane, epoxy and polyester.
- the shoulder comprises concrete (sand and cement).
- the shoulder comprises a sole which can be, for example, a T-shaped steel plate.
- EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
- each shoulder is located in an inclined plane with respect to the plane in which the nucleus is located, the highest point of each inclined plane being located at the ends of the crosses.
- the sleeper core has filler material between certain wooden boards.
- This filling material can be, for example, a composite material comprising a resin.
- the core blades are joined to each other by gluing and / or stapling. This has the advantage of allowing manipulation of the nucleus as a single object, without running the risk that the wooden slats do not move compared to others.
- the cross member comprises, in the part under the shoulder and between the wooden boards that extend over the entire length of the core, end blocks which have a height greater than the so-called wooden blades.
- the cross member comprises, between the shoulders, a central part having, in section vertical, in essence the shape of a convex pentagon.
- this pentagon has a bottom side in essence horizontal, and is symmetrical with respect to the perpendicular bisector longitudinal of said lower side.
- the cross member may advantageously include a layer of polymer between the core and the shoulder.
- the envelope comprises a polymer which is chosen, for example, from polyester, polyurethane or epoxy.
- the envelope may also include filler, chosen, for example, from rubber vulcanized or recycling products such as debris recycled tires.
- the envelope can be further reinforced by reinforcing fibers, chosen, for example, from glass fibers, carbon fibers, or fibers aramid.
- the crosspiece has a finishing layer applied to the outer surface of the envelope polymer.
- This top coat may include a dye.
- Figure 1 shows a cross 1 according to the invention. It has two shoulders 2 located at longitudinal ends of the cross member 1. These shoulders 2 have a sole 9 at their upper part suitable for receiving rail fasteners (not represented). Between the two shoulders 2, a part central 3 is provided; its height is less than that that the cross member 1 has at the shoulders 2.
- FIGS 2 and 3 show in more detail the shoulder 2 of a cross member 1 according to the invention. It is made of concrete or polymer concrete 8, which incorporates as filling material for gravel and sand, and as binding a resin.
- This resin is preferably polyurethane, it can also be epoxy or polyester.
- the shoulder 2 has an upper face inclined in the longitudinal direction; its lowest point is on the side of the central part 3 and its point the higher is on the side of the end of the cross-member 1.
- the inclination recommended is 1/20; sometimes (for example in Germany) it is 1/40. None prevents to choose another tilt as it would be required by the regulations railways. This inclination has the advantage of promote good wheel-rail contact and get the best part of the structure of the crosspiece according to the invention.
- the cross member 1 has a core 4 composed of wooden blades 5 laid on edge which extend over the entire length of the said crosspiece 1 with their fibers parallel to the axis of said cross member 1.
- These blades 5 preferably have a dimension of about 5 centimeters wide and about 12 centimeters in height.
- the core 4, having a total width of about 30 centimeters, is composed of five wooden blades 5 (Figs. 3 and 4).
- An advantage is, moreover, that one can use less expensive types of wood (i.e. young wood either wood from old downgraded sleepers) than in a classic cross member, and for a good service life bigger.
- the wood used for this core 4 is in principle made up of species considered, a priori, to be of lesser quality. Indeed, it is not necessary to resort to high quality wood (old oak or beech).
- the mechanical characteristics of pine, for example, are more than enough to absorb the stresses mechanical (tension in elongation and resistance to bending) which are distributed in a distributed way to the nucleus 4 by the shoulders 2.
- the core 4 in turn ensures good damping of oscillations, which is also one of the advantages of the present invention.
- the next cross 1 the invention has, in fact, characteristics better damping than conventional sleepers solid wood or concrete.
- the part central 3 of the cross member 1 present, in cross section, the shape of a convex pentagon. This one has a side lower horizontal, and is symmetrical with respect to the mediator of said lower side.
- the central part 3 has two slopes at its upper part which avoid stagnation of water (rain or runoff).
- the whole of sleeper 1, except the sole 9, is coated with a polymer envelope 6 (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 7, 9).
- the envelope 6 has substantially the same thickness everywhere (about 2 to 4 cm). Can also consider making it a little thicker at the party crosspiece 1, to reduce the risk of perforation by the ballast on which the sleepers are placed or on the contrary interrupt the envelope in this part which is not subjected to the aging effect of UV.
- the envelope 6 is not complete at the level of the shoulders 2.
- the upper part of shoulder 2 is not not covered by the envelope 6.
- the envelope 6 has the function of protecting, from effectively and almost unlimited in time, the structure [core 4 + shoulder 2] and more particularly nucleus 4, atmospheric conditions and effects of pressure on the track ballast. She'll have advantageously a practically elastic behavior.
- the envelope 6 comprises a polymer, preferably polyurethane, for example polyurethane called "gelcoat". It is possible to strengthen possibly envelope 6 by adding to the polymer reinforcing fibers.
- Filler such as rubber vulcanized, in irregularly shaped pieces (coming from example of recycled tires, stripped of their threads can also be added to the polymer. Outraged its insulating qualities, rubber has the advantage in particular increase the flexibility of the envelope 6.
- FIGs 2 and 3 there is shown also a sole 9, partially buried in the envelope 6 and in the concrete or polymer concrete 8.
- the face upper of the sole 9 is preferably located in the same plane as that of the upper face of the shoulder 2.
- the sole 9 is not in contact with the wood. She presents, in cross section, the shape of a T (Figs. 3 and 7).
- the sole 9 is buried directly in the concrete 8, so that the upper face of the sole 9 is located in the same plane as that of the face upper shoulder 2.
- the sole 9 is suitable for receiving organs of fixing a rail. These fasteners can be chosen from all available types.
- the sole 9 serves, in concert with the shoulder 2 corresponding, to distribute the pressures exerted by the rails on sleeper 1 when a train is passing.
- the sole 9 is larger here than the soles classics.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the core 4 of the cross member 1.
- One in two of the wooden blades which make up the core 4 are made in one piece, and extend over the entire length of the core 4. These blades then bear the reference 5. These blades 5 allow ensure good resistance of the cross member 1 to traction and bending.
- the intermediate blades, located between the blades 5, consist of three parts: two blocks end 10, the length of which corresponds substantially to the length of the shoulders 2, and a complementary blade 11, the length of which corresponds substantially to that of the central part 3.
- the height of the end blocks 10 and of the blade complementary 11 is equal to that of the blades 5.
- the end blocks 10 are replaced by blocks 12 of the same width and length as blocks 10, but whose height is greater than the height of the blades 5.
- This embodiment gives good joining between the shoulder 2 and the core 4.
- this filling material is a composite material incorporating a resin, which is preferably the same resin as that of the envelope polymer 6. It is obvious that a filling material will be advantageous if, with mechanical performance equal, it is cheaper than wood.
- Blocks 10 or 12 and additional boards 11 or the filling material, are introduced if necessary primarily to lower the price return cost of cross member 1.
- shoulder 2 and core 4 are separated by a layer 13 comprising a polymer identical to the polymer used for envelope 6.
- the upper face of the shoulder 2 always has the same inclination.
- Figs 10 and 11 show an embodiment comparable to that of FIG. 9: the shoulders 2 are there separated from the core 4 by a layer of polymer material 13.
- Fastening means for rail 14 other than the flanges 9 are partially embedded in the concrete of the shoulders 2.
- These fixing means 14 could in particular be "pig tails" or the like.
- the core 4 is formed here from a piece of wood unique, for example, as described above top, of a classic recycled crosspiece.
- the sleepers according to the invention can be manufactured by means known to those skilled in the art and in particularly by molding. Molding can be done advantageously in a vacuum or pressure mold.
- the cross-member can be made, for example, by two stages: the core and the shoulder are made in first and then the envelope is die casting.
- the trapezoidal shape of the crosspiece allows, in addition, an easy release.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
Claims (17)
- Traverse (1) pour voie de chemin de fer, qui comprend un noyau comprenant au moins une lame de bois (5) et une enveloppe extérieure (6), caractérisée en ce que la traverse (1) comporte deux épaulements (2) en béton ou béton polymère, situés aux extrémités longitudinales de la traverse (1) au dessus du noyau (4), la partie supérieure de ces épaulements (2) étant apte à recevoir des organes de fixation d'un rail, et en ce que l'enveloppe (6) entoure, au moins partiellement, la traverse (1).
- Traverse (1) suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que la face supérieure de chaque épaulement (2) est située dans un plan incliné vis-à-vis du plan dans lequel se trouve le noyau (4), le point le plus haut de chaque plan incliné étant situé aux extrémités de la traverse (1).
- Traverse (1) suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que l'épaulement (2) comporte une plaque (9) en acier en forme de T.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte entre les épaulements (2), une partie centrale (3) présentant, en section verticale, en substance la forme d'un pentagone convexe, ayant un côté inférieur en substance horizontal, et étant symétrique par rapport à la médiatrice longitudinale du dit côté inférieur.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une couche (13) de polymère entre le noyau (4) et l'épaulement (2).
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe (6) comporte un polymère choisi parmi le polyester, le polyuréthanne et l'époxyde.
- Traverse (1) suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe (6) comporte, en outre, de la matière de charge.
- Traverse (1) suivant la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la matière de charge est choisie parmi le caoutchouc vulcanisé ou les produits de recyclage tels que les débris de pneus recyclés.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe (6) comporte, en outre, des fibres de renforcement, choisies parmi les fibres de verre, les fibres de carbone, les fibres d'aramide.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le noyau (4) est composé de plusieurs lames de bois (5), dont au moins une sur deux s'étendent sur toute la longueur du noyau (4).
- Traverse (1) suivant la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que les lames de bois (5) composant le noyau (4), sont posées sur chant.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisée en ce que le noyau (4) comporte du matériau de remplissage entre certaines lames de bois (5).
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisée en ce que les lames du noyau (4) sont solidarisées l'une à l'autre par collage.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisée en ce que les lames du noyau (4) sont solidarisées l'une à l'autre par agrafage.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisée en ce que, dans la partie sous l'épaulement (2) et entre les lames de bois (5) qui s'étendent sur toute la longueur du noyau (4), la traverse comporte des blocs d'extrémités (12) qui ont une hauteur plus grande que les dites lames de bois (5).
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le noyau (4) est réalisé à partir d'une ancienne traverse de chemin de fer traditionnelle en bois dont la partie extérieure imprégnée a été éliminée.
- Traverse (1) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une couche de finition.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9500980A BE1009805A5 (fr) | 1995-11-29 | 1995-11-29 | Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer. |
BE9500980 | 1995-11-29 | ||
PCT/BE1996/000124 WO1997020108A1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 | 1996-11-28 | Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0864015A1 EP0864015A1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 |
EP0864015B1 true EP0864015B1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
Family
ID=3889318
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96939771A Expired - Lifetime EP0864015B1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 | 1996-11-28 | Traverse pour voie de chemin de fer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0864015B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7687596A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1009805A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69608302T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997020108A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103628364A (zh) * | 2006-03-30 | 2014-03-12 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 线性方式的铁道用合成枕木 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6179215B1 (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2001-01-30 | Primix International, Llc | Composite railroad crosstie |
US7942342B2 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2011-05-17 | Scott Powers | Railway tie of non-homogeneous cross section useful in environments deleterious to timber |
US8430334B1 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2013-04-30 | Jonathan Jaffe | Railroad tie of non-homogeneous cross section useful in environments deleterious to timber |
DE102008037171B8 (de) | 2008-08-06 | 2010-10-14 | Institut für Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Weimar e.V. | Leichtverdichtbare oder selbstverdichtende Betonmischung, Verwendung solcher Mischungen und Bahnschwelle aus Beton |
US9080291B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2015-07-14 | Jonathan E. Jaffe | Embedded receiver for fasteners |
PL2809846T3 (pl) * | 2013-01-14 | 2016-03-31 | Greenrail Group S R L | Kompozytowy podkład kolejowy |
EP2877635B1 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2019-01-30 | Grigorij Wagner | Élément structural |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR385841A (fr) * | 1907-12-31 | 1908-05-26 | Edward Covington | Traverse de chemin de fer |
US1418708A (en) * | 1922-04-05 | 1922-06-06 | George H Hardman | Coating for railroad ties and method of applying the same |
FR951446A (fr) * | 1942-09-01 | 1949-10-25 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Traverse de chemin de fer |
FR1300601A (fr) * | 1961-09-16 | 1962-08-03 | Paul Mueller Holzwaren Fabrik | Traverse, notamment pour chemin de fer |
FR2134930A5 (fr) * | 1971-04-19 | 1972-12-08 | Portec Inc | |
US4105159A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-08-08 | Brown Gordon Eldred | Composite railroad tie |
GB2030200B (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1982-12-15 | Ohno I | Railway bed or sleeper |
DE59101442D1 (de) * | 1990-11-14 | 1994-05-26 | Vae Eisenbahnsysteme Ag Wien | Kunststoffschwelle. |
RU2032783C1 (ru) * | 1992-03-04 | 1995-04-10 | Харчевников Виталий Иванович | Строительный элемент |
-
1995
- 1995-11-29 BE BE9500980A patent/BE1009805A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-11-28 WO PCT/BE1996/000124 patent/WO1997020108A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1996-11-28 AU AU76875/96A patent/AU7687596A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-28 EP EP96939771A patent/EP0864015B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-28 DE DE69608302T patent/DE69608302T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103628364A (zh) * | 2006-03-30 | 2014-03-12 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 线性方式的铁道用合成枕木 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE1009805A5 (fr) | 1997-08-05 |
WO1997020108A1 (fr) | 1997-06-05 |
AU7687596A (en) | 1997-06-19 |
DE69608302T2 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
DE69608302D1 (de) | 2000-06-15 |
EP0864015A1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 |
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