WO1997012835A1 - Poudre hydrophobe d'oxyde de metal et son utilisation - Google Patents
Poudre hydrophobe d'oxyde de metal et son utilisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997012835A1 WO1997012835A1 PCT/JP1996/002836 JP9602836W WO9712835A1 WO 1997012835 A1 WO1997012835 A1 WO 1997012835A1 JP 9602836 W JP9602836 W JP 9602836W WO 9712835 A1 WO9712835 A1 WO 9712835A1
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- metal oxide
- oxide powder
- silicone oil
- epoxy
- hydrophobic metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/006—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
- C09C1/30—Silicic acid
- C09C1/3081—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
- C09C1/30—Silicic acid
- C09C1/309—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C1/3009 - C09C1/3081
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
- C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
- C09C1/3684—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
- C09C1/3692—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C1/3615 - C09C1/3684
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
- C09C1/407—Aluminium oxides or hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/12—Treatment with organosilicon compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/09716—Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/2995—Silane, siloxane or silicone coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrophobic metal oxide powder suitable for being added to an electrophotographic developer for the purpose of improving fluidity of a toner and controlling chargeability, and an electrophotographic developer containing the same.
- the development process in photolithography is performed by attaching toner to an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor.
- Ordinary electrophotographic developers contain, in addition to the toner, a carrier for imparting charge to the toner by triboelectric charging and for transporting the toner to a development area on the photoreceptor.
- a toner is composed of a thermoplastic resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent, and a magnetic powder such as iron or ferrite (iron oxide) is used as the carrier.
- various additives can be added to a developer for the purpose of controlling charge of the toner, improving fluidity and cleaning properties of the toner, and the like.
- a hydrophobic gold oxide powder obtained by hydrophobizing the surface of a metal oxide powder such as silica, alumina, or titania with an organic material is used as an agent for improving the fluidity and cleaning properties of the toner. Is added to the electrophotographic developer. It is also known to use such a hydrophobic metal oxide powder as a charge control agent. Therefore, in this type of hydrophobic metal oxide powder, hydrophobicity and triboelectricity are important properties S, and these properties depend on the type and amount of the organic substance used for the surface treatment of the metal oxide powder. Controlled.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-22447 discloses that a metal oxide powder surface-treated with amino silane (an amino group-containing silane adhesive) is used as a positive charge control agent for toner. It has been proposed to use Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-52561 discloses an electron-emitting device containing, as a positive charge controlling agent, a powder obtained by treating a gas phase method with an epoxy group-containing silane and then with an amine. Photographic toners are disclosed. Metal oxide powders that have been surface-treated with such silanes generally cannot have sufficiently high hydrophobicity, and the effect of improving the fluidity and cleaning properties of the toner is insufficient. .
- JP-A-6-80406 and JP-A-6-83099 disclose that a gold oxide powder surface-treated with an organopolysiloxane containing an epoxy group and a polyalkylene imide is used for improving fluidity and charging toner. It is described that it is added to the frost developer for both purposes of controlling the properties.
- Polyalkyleneimine for example, polyethylenimine
- aminium force ⁇ a polymer type amide of a polymer i containing a large number of amino groups per molecular weight
- the surface of the powder is exposed by the polyalkylene imide chain having a particularly high hydrophilicity, so that the hydrophobicity and the fluidity are insufficient.
- JP-A-63-155155 describes an electrostatic image developer containing inorganic fine particles which is first treated with a silicone oil having an epoxy group, and then treated with an amino compound.
- the inorganic fine particles thus treated in two steps have uncertain control of the banding property and / or have insufficient hydrophobicity.
- the object of the present invention is to achieve a relatively low S coverage!
- the present invention provides a hydrophobic metal oxide powder having a high degree of hydrophobicity and fluidity, and a developer for electrophotography containing the same, which can control the triboelectric charging property in a wide range by using is there.
- the object is to simultaneously treat the surface of the metal oxide powder with a silicone oil having an epoxy group and an amine compound having an active hydrogen, or to mix an epoxy group and an amine obtained by preliminarily reacting them. This can be achieved by performing a surface treatment with a silicone oil having a hydroxyl group. If it is desired to further improve the hydrophobicity, straight silicone oil may be used in combination.
- straight silicone oil can be additionally used.
- the silicone oil having an epoxy group and an amino group can be added to the silicone oil having an epoxy group in a smaller amount than the amount required to react with all the epoxy groups. It can be prepared by reacting a non-polymeric amide compound having a amide group or a secondary amino group.
- the hydrophobic metal oxide powder of the present invention preferably has a hydrophobization rate of at least 60% as measured by a transmittance method.
- an electrophotographic developer containing the hydrophobic metal oxide powder.
- the type of the metal oxide powder to be subjected to is not particularly limited, and can be selected according to the application.
- the preferred metal oxides for improving the fluidity of the toner are silica, alumina or titania (titanium oxide), but for some applications other metal oxides such as zirconia (zirconium oxide), zinc oxide and tin oxide Gold oxide powder can also be used.
- the diameter of the gold JS oxide powder may be selected according to the application. In order to improve the fluidity of the toner, it is preferable to use a powder having a specific surface area of 50 mV or more.
- the metal oxide may be a composite oxide of two or more metals or a mixture of two or more metal oxides.
- the metal oxide powder is preferably synthesized by a gas phase method.
- the gold oxide powder synthesized by the gas phase method is suitable for improving the fluidity of the toner because the particles have less aggregation.
- a method of synthesizing metal oxide powder by a gas phase method for example, a method of decomposing a metal chloride such as gay tetrachloride is known, and industrially synthesized products are commercially available. T / JP96 / 02836
- a silicone oil having an epoxy group hereinafter referred to as an epoxy-modified silicone oil
- an amine compound having a secondary amino group an amine compound having active hydrogen
- a silicone oil having an epoxy group and an amino group hereinafter referred to as epoxy Modified silicone oil
- the epoxy group has the effect of firmly binding the silicone oil to the gold oxide powder, and each modified silicone oil imparts hydrophobicity to the metal oxide powder. If the effect of imparting hydrophobicity is insufficient, the effect of imparting hydrophobicity can be enhanced by using a straight silicone oil in addition to the modified silicone oil.
- the amino group changes the banding property of the gold oxide powder in the positive direction, and the type of the amino group greatly changes the chargeability imparted to the powder.
- Epoxy-amino-modified silicone oil is less than the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with epoxy-modified silicone oil (hereinafter referred to as epoxy-modified silicone oil) with all its epoxy groups. It is preferably prepared by reacting an amide compound having a primary and / or secondary amino group. Conversely, a silicone oil having primary and / or secondary amino groups (hereinafter referred to as amino-modified silicone oil) reacts with all of the primary and secondary amino groups. It is also possible to prepare a silicone oil having an epoxy group and an amino group by reacting a bifunctional or more epoxy compound with a larger amount than the amount required for the above.
- the surface treatment of the gold oxide powder according to the present invention is carried out by using an epoxy-modified silicone oil and an amine compound having a number of primary and / or secondary amino groups smaller than the total number of epoxy groups. And force to react these beforehand, or reaction It is used together without using it, and in some cases, using straight silicone oil. If the total number of primary and secondary amino groups in the amine compound is larger than the total number of epoxy groups in the silicone oil, the hydrophobicity and fluidity of the surface-treated metal oxide powder are greatly reduced. I do. If the two are reacted in advance, the epoxy group reacts almost completely and disappears, so that it is necessary to perform the surface treatment at a higher temperature, and the formed coating is bonded to the powder surface. Power drops.
- the epoxy-modified silicone oil and the amine compound have a molar ratio of the total number of primary and secondary amino groups in the amine compound to the total number of epoxy groups in the silicone oil of 0.1 to 0. 9, especially preferably in a ratio within the range of 0.2 to 0.8. If the molar ratio is less than 0.1, the number of amino groups to be introduced is small, and the control of the chargeability becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the above molar ratio exceeds 0.9, the stability over time of the hydrophobic metal oxide powder obtained after the surface treatment is deteriorated. In addition, when the amide compound is reacted in advance, if the molar ratio exceeds 0.9, the number of unreacted epoxy groups decreases, resulting in an unreacted epoxy group. In addition, the binding of the compound to the powder becomes insufficient and unreacted amide compound tends to remain, which is not preferable because it adversely affects the stability of charging or the improvement in hydrophobicity.
- This reaction proceeds by simply mixing the two components at room temperature or by stirring the mixture in a polar solvent such as an alcohol. If desired, the reaction may be heated to a temperature at which the reaction components do not volatilize. If the amide compound contains a primary amide group, the above reaction generates an —NH group, which may further react with the epoxy group. Since the reactivity is considered to be low, the stoichiometry can be estimated from the ratio of the reactive amino group to the epoxy group as described above.
- Epoxy-modified silicone oil is an oily organopolysiloxane having an epoxy group.
- Epoxy-modified silicone oil having a structure having a dimethylpolysiloxane skeleton at the terminal and Z or a side chain is commercially available.
- the preferred epoxy-modified silicone oil has a glycidyl group as an epoxy group, and the epoxy equivalent is preferably 200 to 3000 g / raol. When the epoxy equivalent exceeds 3000 g / mol, the cause is unknown, but it is difficult to obtain a sufficient effect when reacted with an amine compound.
- the viscosity of the silicone oil is preferably in the range of 5 to 100 cSt at 25 ° C. When the viscosity exceeds 100 cSt, the fluidity is reduced, and when the viscosity is less than 5 cSt, the metal oxide powder tends to volatilize during surface treatment.
- Particularly preferred epoxy-modified silicone oils are those having dalicidyl groups at both ends of the molecule and having an epoxy equivalent of 300 to 1000 g / rao U and a viscosity at 25 ° C of 10 to 50 cSt. . More preferably, the epoxy-modified silicone oil has glycidyl groups at both ends of the molecule. The presence of a glycidyl group in the side chain in addition to both ends may reduce the hydrophobicity.
- Examples of commercially available epoxy-modified silicone oils include KF-101. KF-102. KF-103. KF-105, X-22-163A, X-22-169AS manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd. , X-22-163B. X-22-1 163C, X-22-169B, etc .; SF8411, SF8413, SF8421, etc., manufactured by Toray 'Dauco One' Silicone; and Toshiba Silicone Corp. TSF4730, TSF4731, TSL9946. TSL9986, TSL9906, and the like.
- the amine compound which is preliminarily reacted with the epoxy-modified silicone oil or is not used for the surface treatment the amine compound which is reactive with the epoxy group and the Z compound or the Z compound are used.
- a non-polymer type amine compound having a amino group is used.
- a polymer type amine compound such as polyalkylene imide is used, as described above, the polymer is exposed!
- the surface is substantially high molecular weight amine (highly hydrophilic) ?” As a result, the hydrophobicity of the metal oxide powder after the surface treatment is extremely low, and therefore the effect of improving the fluidity becomes insufficient.
- the chargeability of the hydrophobic metal oxide powder of the present invention greatly changes depending on the type of the amine compound. That is, when the amide compound adheres to the surface of the metal oxide powder, the amide compound generally changes the chargeability in the positive direction. Depending on the type of min compound Significantly different. Therefore, by changing the type and amount of the amine compound, the chargeability of a hydrophobic metal oxide powder, for example, a silica powder (the frictional charge measured by the method described later) can be improved. It is possible to control to a desired value within a wide range from a negative charge of about 500 uC / g to a positive charge of more than 300 C / g. Accordingly, the kind of the amine compound may be selected according to the desired level of chargeability required for the toner.
- the effect of the amine compound on the chargeability is generally as follows.
- aliphatic primary amine ( ⁇ 2 : R 1 is an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and an ether group may be present in the alkyl group),
- aromatic amines aromatic amines having one or more primary or secondary amino groups, such as aniline, toluidine, etc.
- Heterocyclic amines heterocyclic amines having one or more primary or secondary amino groups, such as pyrrol, imidazole, indole, etc.
- Aliphatic secondary amines (ITR 2 NH: R 1 and R 2 are the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group may have an ether bond),
- R 2 NXNHR 3 may be the same or different and each may be a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- X may be an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- Triamine R'R 2 NXNR 3 YNHr: R 'R 2 , R 3 are the same as a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (but not all hydrogen atoms) However, the alkyl group may have an ether linkage, and both X and ⁇ are alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.) And higher tetraalkyl groups such as tetraamine. Mom,
- Alicyclic amines (alicyclic amines having one or more primary or secondary amino groups, such as piperazine, piperidine, etc.),
- Bi-purified ring amines eg, triazine
- aliphatic amides eg, biazine
- the selection of the amide compound to be actually used may be determined after investigating the effect of providing the charge by experiment. Further, two or more amide compounds can be used. In this case, as a result of the mixing, the charge imparting behavior of the amide compound may be changed from the above.
- Shiia Mi emissions compound when it is desired to impart positive charge, said Jia Mi emissions, Chi immediately, the general formula: is a compound represented by R 'R 2 NXNHR 3. Since this compound can impart high positive chargeability with a relatively small amount of addition as compared with other amine compounds, it is useful as a flow improver for positive chargeability toner.
- Ru can efficiently good Ku stably obtain a metal oxide powder having a triboelectric charge in the range of: in the middle, R 'and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms Wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from i to 6 carbon atoms, and X-force-(CH) n-(where n is an integer of from 2 to 4) gives Preferred. As the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl bonded to the nitrogen atom increases, the hydrophobicity of the metal oxide powder increases, and a stable banding property tends to be obtained.
- metal oxide powders with stable negative charge are also useful for negative toner.
- a method of controlling the amount of the amide compound having a large effect of imparting the positive charge as described above to obtain a metal oxide having the desired negative charge There is a method of using an amide compound having a relatively small effect.
- an amide compound having a large positive charge-imparting effect is used, a desired negative banding property can be obtained with a small amount of added S, and the positive charge-imparting effect is relatively small. In compounds, the chargeability is unlikely to change with the amount of addition, so that it is easy to obtain stable negative chargeability.
- a straight silicone oil can be used in combination with the surface treatment.
- Straight silicone oil is an unmodified silicone oil that binds to glycerol with a methyl, hydroxy, phenyl, and / or hydrogen group.
- Specific examples of straight silicone oils include dimethyl silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil and methyl hydridic silicone oil. In this Preferred is dimethyl silicone oil, which is the cheapest and has a wide viscosity range.
- For straight silicone corn oil 25. It is preferable to use one with a viscosity of 10 to 100 cst at C.
- Examples of commercially available straight silicone oils include KF-96, KF-99, KF-50, KF-54, and KF-56 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicon; Douco One's Silicone SH200, PRX413, SH510, SH702, SH705, SH550, SH704, etc .; Toshiba Silicone TSF451, YF3800, TSF484, TSF483, TSF43 TSF437. TSF4300, YF3804, TSL9546, TSL95586: and Nippon Tunicer Co., Ltd. 45, 31, FZ-3805, FZ-3702, FZ-3122 and the like.
- the surface treatment of the metal oxide powder according to the present invention may be performed by a conventionally known method, and may be either a wet method or a dry method.
- the dry method is preferred because it is less likely to cause agglomeration.
- the dry method also uses a small amount of processing liquid and powder to him ? It is also advantageous in that the amount is easy to control and the operation is simple.
- Surface treatment by a dry method includes, for example, preliminarily reacting or reacting an epoxy-modified silicone oil with an amine compound while thoroughly stirring a metal oxide powder in a suitable closed container.
- the epoxy-modified silicone oil and the amide compound can be added simultaneously or before or after.
- the materials used for surface treatment can be diluted or dissolved with a solvent (eg, alcohol, ketone, hydrocarbon, etc.).
- the metal oxide powder is heated under a nitrogen stream at a temperature in the range of 80 to 250, preferably in the range of 100 to 170, to solidify the silicone oil on the surface of the metal oxide powder. And remove the solvent at the same time if necessary: Silicon oil has epoxy groups that are highly reactive with the surface of the metal oxide powder.
- the surface coating can be achieved by the heat treatment. If the above-mentioned dry treatment is difficult depending on the type of metal oxide powder, metal oxide is added to a solution obtained by dissolving silicone oil (and an amino compound) in an appropriate organic solvent. It is also possible to perform a surface treatment by a wet method, such as heating as described above, after immersing the substance powder and recovering it from the solution.
- the gold oxide powder is converted into an amide compound bonded to the powder surface via epoxy-modified silicone oil or an epoxy compound bonded to the powder surface mainly via epoxy groups.
- the chargeability is changed by the amino group in the Noa-Mino modified silicone oil, and the powder surface is made hydrophobic by the silicon oil.
- silicone oil (and amide compounds) are firmly bonded to the powder surface, they are less susceptible to the effects of the environment such as moisture and have properties such as hydrophobicity and banding. There is little change with time and the stability is excellent.
- the amount of the silicone oil and the amine compound coated on the surface of the metal oxide powder should be such that the desired chargeability can be obtained as described above, and at the same time, sufficient hydrophobicity (fluidity) is imparted. select.
- silicone oil or the combined amount of modified silicone oil and straight silicone oil, if used together. It is preferable to use the metal oxide powder in an amount of 5 to 40 parts by weight, particularly 10 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide powder.
- the amount of the amine compound used or the amount of the amino group in the epoxy amino-modified silicone oil is determined by the 0H group present on the surface of the metal oxide powder and the primary, secondary, and tertiary groups.
- the use of the above modified silicone oil in a molar ratio of 0.1 to 1.0, particularly 0.2 to 0.6, with respect to the total number of the amino groups is advantageous in terms of the charge-imparting effect. Is preferred.
- the value of the hydrophobicity measured by the transmittance method should be 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more.
- the transmittance method is a method for experimentally determining the hydrophobicity of a powder. According to this method, 1.0 g of powder and 100 ml of water are placed in a separation funnel for extraction and vigorously stirred for 10 minutes. After that, let stand for 10 minutes and withdraw a small amount of suspended liquid from the bottom of the separation funnel. This extracted The value obtained by expressing the transmittance of the suspension for light at 550 nm with the transmittance of pure water as 100% is defined as the hydrophobicity of the powder.
- the chargeability of the obtained hydrophobic metal oxide powder can be evaluated by measuring a friction band 5 by a blow-off method.
- the method of measuring the triboelectric charge amount on iron by the blow-off method is specified in literatures such as “Coloring Materials” 55 [9] 630-636 (1982).
- the friction band fi was determined by the method defined in the “coloring material”.
- the hydrophobic metal oxide powder of the present invention may be used as an additive for improving the fluidity and cleaning properties of a toner in an electrophotographic developer used in a copying machine or a printer, or as a charge controlling agent. It can be contained as As a result, a developer for electrophotography having a stable repellency and excellent fluidity can be obtained.
- the addition s of hydrophobic metal oxide powder The range of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the toner is practically desirable.
- the amount added is generally greater than when used as a flow improver.
- a range of 0.1 to 3% by weight is usually sufficient.
- toner and a carrier to be mixed with the toner may be the same as those of a conventionally known electrophotographic developer.
- the fluidity of the toner containing the hydrophobic metal oxide powder is evaluated by the following g-size shaking method.
- a styrene-acrylic copolymer resin having 18% by weight of carbon dispersed therein is pulverized and classified into an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ 3; um.
- 5 g of the obtained toner is put into a 100 mesh (opening 150 m) IS sieve, shaken for i minutes by an electromagnetic sieve shaker, and then the percentage of the toner weight that has passed through the sieve (%) And this value is used as the fluidity of the toner.
- the higher the fluidity of the toner the less the occurrence of capri and a decrease in image density when electrophotographic development is performed using the toner.
- the hydrophobic metal oxide powder of the present invention can also improve the fluidity of resin powder in addition to toner, and is used as a fluidizing agent for powdery plastics, an additive for powder coatings, and the like. Can be used even if. T / JP96 / 02836
- This example shows that the surface treatment of the metal oxide powder is simultaneously performed with the epoxy-modified silicone oil and the amine compound.
- the powder was charged into a stainless steel container equipped with a stirrer, and suspended while stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature.
- the epoxy-modified silicone oil described in 3 and the amine compound were simultaneously sprayed on the powder. Silicone oil and amine compounds were used after dissolving in methanol or hexane.
- the amount of epoxy-modified silicone oil used is the total number of epoxy groups
- Table 3 shows the total number of secondary amino groups (secondary ⁇ ) (both in mmol).
- Ph phenyl Of the above amide compounds, polyethyleneimine of i is a polymer type compound. It is unsuitable for use in the present invention. .
- the gold oxide powder is further stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then externally heated under a nitrogen stream, heated to 150'C over 30 minutes, and heated to this temperature for 1 hour. It was allowed to cool down to the room with stirring.
- the number in parentheses is the total number of N / 1.2 class N number.
- a metal oxide powder is surface-treated with an epoxy-amino-modified silicone oil obtained by previously reacting an epoxy-modified silicone oil with an amide compound.
- an epoxy-amino-modified silicone oil obtained by previously reacting an epoxy-modified silicone oil with an amide compound.
- Epoxy 23 1 Modified silicone oil and amide compound were mixed at 50 ° C for 24 hours to react in advance and then used as a fog except that they were used for fog.
- Table 4 summarizes the results of the hydrophobization rate of the obtained hydrophobic metal oxide powder, the triboelectric charge S against iron powder, the fluidity of the toner containing the powder, and the life test of the electrophotographic developer. Shown. The meanings of the symbols in Table 4 are as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- This example shows an example in which a metal oxide powder is simultaneously surface-treated with an epoxy-modified silicone oil, an amine compound, and a straight silicone oil.
- Example 5 A metal oxide powder was surface-treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a straight silicone oil was used for spraying in addition to the epoxy-modified silicone oil and the amine compound.
- Table 5 summarizes the results of the hydrophobization rate of the obtained hydrophobic metal oxide powder and the triboelectric charge amount against the iron powder, the fluidity of the toner containing the powder, and the life test of the electrophotographic developer. The meanings of the symbols in Table 5 are as shown in Tables 1 and 2 ⁇ (Example 4)
- the metal oxide powder was prepared using epoxy / amino-modified silicone oil obtained by pre-reacting epoxy-modified silicone oil with an amine compound and straight silicone oil. An example of surface treatment of is shown.
- Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the epoxy-modified silicone oil and the amide compound were mixed and reacted all day and night with 50 parts, and straight silicone oil was used for injection.
- the metal oxide powder was subjected to a surface treatment.
- Table 6 summarizes the hydrophobization rate of the obtained hydrophobic metal oxide powder and the triboelectric charge amount with respect to the iron powder, the fluidity of the toner containing the powder, and the life test of the electrophotographic developer. The meanings of the symbols in Table 6 are as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the triboelectric charge of the metal oxide powder can be reduced from 300 ⁇ u to a negative charge of -500 ui /%. It can be freely controlled in a wide range up to the positive chargeability exceeding C /, and regardless of the positive or negative chargeability required for the toner, the hydrophobic metal oxide of the present invention can be controlled. It can be handled by physical powder. In addition, the accuracy of charging control is high.
- the heating temperature for the surface treatment may be relatively low, and a hydrophobic metal oxide powder in which the coating of silicone oil is firmly bonded to the metal oxide powder can be obtained.
- This metal oxide powder has excellent hydrophobicity and charging stability over time, and has little property deterioration during use or storage. Therefore, the electrophotographic developer containing the hydrophobic metal oxide powder maintains good fluidity even under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and increases the number of copies that can obtain good images without capri. .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69608660T DE69608660T2 (de) | 1995-10-02 | 1996-09-30 | Hydrophobes metalloxidpulver und dessen verwendung |
EP96932045A EP0799791B1 (en) | 1995-10-02 | 1996-09-30 | Hydrophobic metal oxide powder and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7/255145 | 1995-10-02 | ||
JP25514695 | 1995-10-02 | ||
JP25514595 | 1995-10-02 | ||
JP7/255146 | 1995-10-02 | ||
JP9701096A JP3344203B2 (ja) | 1996-04-18 | 1996-04-18 | 疎水性金属酸化物粉体とその用途 |
JP8/97010 | 1996-04-18 | ||
JP9701196A JP3344204B2 (ja) | 1996-04-18 | 1996-04-18 | 疎水性金属酸化物粉体とその用途 |
JP8/97011 | 1996-04-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/447,830 Continuation US6265126B1 (en) | 1995-10-02 | 1999-11-23 | Hydrophobic metal oxide powder and application thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997012835A1 true WO1997012835A1 (fr) | 1997-04-10 |
Family
ID=27468497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/002836 WO1997012835A1 (fr) | 1995-10-02 | 1996-09-30 | Poudre hydrophobe d'oxyde de metal et son utilisation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6265126B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0799791B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69608660T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997012835A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6855751B2 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2005-02-15 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Silica powder and method for producing the same |
KR100855228B1 (ko) | 2004-12-06 | 2008-08-29 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 표면개질 코런덤 및 수지조성물 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0992857B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2007-04-11 | Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. | Fine powder of hydrophobic metal oxide, method for producing it, and toner composition for electrophotography |
US6420078B1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-16 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions with surface additives |
EP1577264B1 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2013-05-08 | Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. | Highly dispersible, fine, hydrophobic silica powder and process for producing the same |
WO2008027561A2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Cabot Corporation | Surface-treated metal oxide particles |
WO2009059382A1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Pacific Polymers Pty Ltd | Hydrophobic modification of mineral fillers and mixed polymer systems |
WO2009071991A2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-11 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Nanoparticle silica filled benzoxazine compositions |
US11786036B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2023-10-17 | Ssw Advanced Technologies, Llc | Spill containing refrigerator shelf assembly |
US8286561B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2012-10-16 | Ssw Holding Company, Inc. | Spill containing refrigerator shelf assembly |
WO2010042668A1 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-15 | Ross Technology Corporation | Spill resistant surfaces having hydrophobic and oleophobic borders |
US9074778B2 (en) | 2009-11-04 | 2015-07-07 | Ssw Holding Company, Inc. | Cooking appliance surfaces having spill containment pattern |
BR112012023312A2 (pt) | 2010-03-15 | 2019-09-24 | Ross Tech Corporation | desentupidor e métodos de produção de superfícies hidrofóbicas |
JP2014512417A (ja) | 2011-02-21 | 2014-05-22 | ロス テクノロジー コーポレーション. | 低voc結合剤系を含む超疎水性および疎油性被覆物 |
JP5163821B1 (ja) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-03-13 | 堺化学工業株式会社 | 被覆酸化マグネシウム粒子、その製造方法、放熱性フィラー及び樹脂組成物 |
DE102011085428A1 (de) | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Schott Ag | Einlegeboden |
RU2496573C2 (ru) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-10-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пензенский государственный университет архитектуры и строительства" (ПГУАС) | Способ получения сорбента для удаления углеводородной пленки с поверхности воды |
EP2791255B1 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2017-11-01 | Ross Technology Corporation | Composition and coating for superhydrophobic performance |
BR112014032676A2 (pt) | 2012-06-25 | 2017-06-27 | Ross Tech Corporation | revestimentos elastoméricos que têm propriedades hidrofóbicas e/ou oleofóbicas |
CN115926494B (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-06-04 | 中信钛业股份有限公司 | 一种改善塑料型材专用二氧化钛粉体喷流性的生产方法 |
Citations (2)
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JPS59137305A (ja) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-07 | Nippon Aerojiru Kk | 表面改質金属酸化物微粉末の製造方法 |
JPH0680406A (ja) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-22 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 疎水性金属酸化物粉体 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63155155A (ja) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-06-28 | Konica Corp | 静電像現像剤および静電像現像方法ならびに画像形成方法 |
-
1996
- 1996-09-30 DE DE69608660T patent/DE69608660T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-30 EP EP96932045A patent/EP0799791B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-30 WO PCT/JP1996/002836 patent/WO1997012835A1/ja active IP Right Grant
-
1999
- 1999-11-23 US US09/447,830 patent/US6265126B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59137305A (ja) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-07 | Nippon Aerojiru Kk | 表面改質金属酸化物微粉末の製造方法 |
JPH0680406A (ja) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-22 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 疎水性金属酸化物粉体 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP0799791A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6855751B2 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2005-02-15 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Silica powder and method for producing the same |
KR100855228B1 (ko) | 2004-12-06 | 2008-08-29 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 표면개질 코런덤 및 수지조성물 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0799791A1 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
US6265126B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
EP0799791A4 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
DE69608660T2 (de) | 2001-02-01 |
EP0799791B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
DE69608660D1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
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