WO1996042005A1 - Procede permettant de determiner la cause de defauts presents sur une surface d'acier - Google Patents
Procede permettant de determiner la cause de defauts presents sur une surface d'acier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996042005A1 WO1996042005A1 PCT/JP1996/001585 JP9601585W WO9642005A1 WO 1996042005 A1 WO1996042005 A1 WO 1996042005A1 JP 9601585 W JP9601585 W JP 9601585W WO 9642005 A1 WO9642005 A1 WO 9642005A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pulsed laser
- sample
- steel material
- steel
- abnormal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
- G01N33/2022—Non-metallic constituents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
- G01N33/2045—Defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N2001/045—Laser ablation; Microwave vaporisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for quickly and accurately detecting a cause of an abnormal portion existing on a surface of a steel material.
- Non-metallic inclusions in steel On the surface of the steel material, in addition to abnormal parts due to scratches made mechanically in the rolling process, etc., nonmetallic inclusions in the steel, powder added to the molten steel in the mold during continuous production, and contaminants Abnormal parts may be generated due to brick debris or undesorbed scale. In order to prevent the occurrence of such abnormal parts, it is necessary to detect the cause of the abnormal part quickly and accurately and remove the cause promptly.
- the abnormal portion caused by the non-metallic inclusions and the like existing in the steel reaches the surface of the steel material by rolling, and is linearly elongated in the rolling direction, and is generated on the surface of the steel material.
- the cause of this abnormal part can be clarified based on the difference between the component composition of the abnormal part and the component composition of the normal part around it.
- the component composition of the abnormal part linearly extending in the rolling direction and the surrounding normal part generated on the surface of the steel is analyzed by line analysis so as to cross the abnormal part, and the abnormal part and the surrounding normal part are analyzed. Comparison of component composition between and I do.
- the abnormality portion sometimes only elements such as Ca and A1 that form a non-metallic inclusions are detected to be present at high concentrations, occurrence of abnormal portions, A 1 2 0 3 ⁇ CaO It can be presumed that it is caused by the presence of composite nonmetallic inclusions.
- the occurrence of the abnormal part can be presumed to be caused by non-desorption of the scale or rolling, etc.
- the above-described line analysis has been performed by a method of electron beam irradiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (XMA) or observation with an electron microscope.
- XMA electron beam irradiation X-ray fluorescence analysis
- analysis by such conventional methods requires sample pre-processing such as sample cutting to incorporate the sample into the diffraction device and surface adjustment of the sample for observation, so that the analysis result is obtained. There was a problem that it took a long time to complete.
- Prior art discharge emission spectroscopy has the following problems. That is, the discharge is performed between the scanning electrode and the surface of the steel sheet, but the spectral analysis based on the discharge luminescence is affected by the conductivity of the steel sheet surface and / or its surface shape. It is difficult to know the exact composition of the components in each part of the surface.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to quickly and appropriately determine the cause of an abnormal portion existing on the surface of a steel material without being affected by the conductivity or the surface shape of the steel material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of accurately performing a line analysis for grasping a change in composition. Disclosure of the invention
- a method for detecting the cause of an abnormal portion present on a steel material surface comprising the following steps:
- a pulse laser beam is condensed, and the pulse laser beam condensed in this way is irradiated on the abnormal portion existing on the surface of the steel material and its periphery, and an irradiation point of the pulse laser beam on the steel material surface Limiting the pulse energy density of said pulsed laser light in the range of 1 O KW / mm 2 to 100 MW / mm 2 ;
- the irradiation point of the pulse laser light is determined by The zigzag movement is performed over the region including the side to evaporate the surface of the steel material in the movement region of the irradiation point and to make the particles finer. Collected in the form;
- a method for detecting a cause of an abnormal portion present on a steel material surface comprising the following steps:
- the moving region of the pulsed laser light has a width of at least two widths formed by the amplitude of the zigzag movement of the pulsed laser light, and a rectangle whose length is the distance traveled by the zigzag movement of the pulsed laser light.
- the sampling depth of the sample within the movement range of the irradiation point is in the range of 20 to 200 / m.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the width and the position of an interspersed cause when the irradiation area has a small width.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the width and the position of an interspersed cause when the width of the irradiation area is large.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a detection intensity curve when a sampling depth of a steel material is 30 from the surface.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a detection intensity curve when the sampling depth of a steel material is 10 zm from the surface.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a detected intensity curve when the sampling depth of a steel material is 150 m from the surface.
- Figure 6 shows that the sample depth for steel was 230 at the surface. It is a figure showing an example of a detection intensity curve in a certain case.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a detection intensity curve of A1 in the case of Test Example No. 3 by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a detection intensity curve of A1 in the case of a test example according to a conventional method.
- the cause of the abnormal portion that has occurred on the surface of the steel material can be detected quickly and accurately without being affected by the conductivity and the surface shape of the steel material surface. It can also detect the component composition of a substance present at a position that causes an abnormal part, has excellent positional resolution, and can accurately perform line analysis to grasp changes in the component composition in a certain direction. We worked diligently to develop a method.
- the pulse energy density of the pulsed laser beam at the irradiation point of the pulsed laser beam on the steel surface is 10 KW /
- the abnormal part and the surrounding area can be effectively collected, and by continuously analyzing the component composition of the sample thus collected, It turned out that the cause of the abnormal part existing on the surface of the steel material can be detected.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings. Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the pulse energy density at the irradiation point becomes very large, so the steel material at the irradiation point becomes hot and evaporates and scatters.
- the scattered sample solidifies into fine particles. This phenomenon occurs not only in steel materials but also in high-boiling substances such as ceramics. Therefore, even if non-conductive substances are densely concentrated on the steel surface, energy can be applied to it by a single pulse laser beam, so detection is attempted regardless of whether or not there is conductivity. A sample of steel material can be reliably collected. Further, the irradiation point of the pulsed laser beam is determined by the traveling direction of the light, and therefore is not affected by the surface shape of the steel material, unlike the discharge point.
- component concentration When estimating the cause of the abnormal part, use the component concentration as a basis.
- Components used as grounds include Na, Ca, Al, Mg, Si, and the like, but these components often exist as compounds such as oxides, nitrides, and carbides. Therefore, in order to decompose or evaporate the above-mentioned compound having a high boiling point, it is necessary to make the pulse energy density at the irradiation point by a pulsed laser beam 10 KW / mm 2 or more.
- the pulse energy density by pulsed laser beam at the irradiation point is greater than 1 0 0 MW / mm 2, the pulsed laser light reaches the surface of the steel material Before that, a so-called breakdown phenomenon occurs in which the atmosphere is ionized and plasma is generated. When such a breakdown phenomenon occurs, the pulse energy of the pulsed laser beam is consumed by the atmosphere and cannot be injected into the steel material. Therefore, it is impossible to collect samples from the steel surface. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the pulse energy density by the pulse laser beam at the irradiation point to 100 iW / mm 2 or less.
- the pulse energy density at the irradiation point of the pulsed laser beam is set to 1 It is important to limit the range from 0 KW / mm 2 to 100 MW / 2 .
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the relationship between the width of the moving area of the irradiation point of the pulsed laser beam (that is, the irradiation area) and the position of the dotted object.
- Fig. 1 shows the situation when the width of the irradiation area is small, for example, when the width of the beam diameter of the mulles laser light is directly set to the width of the irradiation area, for example. .
- 1 is a steel test piece
- 2 is the width of the irradiated area
- 3 is a dotted factor
- Fig. 2 shows the case where the width of the irradiation area is large.
- 1 is a steel test piece
- 2 is the width of the irradiated area
- 3 is a dotted source
- 4 is a pulse train. The trajectory of the approximate zigzag movement of the irradiation point of each light is shown.
- the actual movement of the irradiation point of the pulse laser beam is performed so as to cover the area to be detected with a zigzag line without forming a gap, and as a result, the movement area of the irradiation point (that is, the irradiation area) Is a width of 2 mm or more formed by the amplitude of the zigzag movement of the pulsed laser beam, and a rectangle whose length is the separation of the pulse laser beam and the zigzag movement of the light. It is not always uniform throughout the part, and may be scattered.
- the width 2 of the irradiation area is set to two or more, it is possible to reliably collect the cause. Therefore, it is preferable that the width 2 of the irradiation area is two or more.
- the width of the irradiation area exceeds 10 or more, the sampling time becomes long, and a problem occurs in the analysis work efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the preferred upper limit of the width of the irradiation area to 10 mm.
- the irradiation point that is, the laser beam diameter.
- the beam is zigzag as shown in FIG.
- the irradiation may be performed by moving along the trajectory 4.
- the smaller the angle formed at the turning point of the zigzag trajectory the higher the position resolution, and sparsely scattered sources can be captured.
- the presence of the cause is that when the cause is an inclusion, there is a linear abnormality that does not reach the surface of the steel material.
- inclusions are present at a position relatively shallow from the surface, but in the case of a relatively thick steel sheet, 20 to 200 m from the surface There is a tendency for inclusions to be distributed during the depth of the sea.
- the surface of the steel sheet having a linear abnormal portion extending in the rolling direction is irradiated with pulsed laser light at a pulse energy density within the range of the present invention, a sample is collected, and the abnormal portion is determined based on the component concentration of the sample.
- the effect of the sampling depth on the detection accuracy when detecting a component that causes turbidity will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.
- the irradiation area is set so as to cross the abnormal line extending in the rolling direction.
- the irradiation region is set so that the width direction of the irradiation region is parallel to the linear abnormal portion, and the linear abnormal portion is located at the center in the length direction of the irradiation region.
- the irradiation area width set to 2 mm
- the irradiation point was moved in zigzag, and samples were collected.
- the detection intensity ratio (the intensity of the emission spectrum of the iron element was used as the denominator, and the intensity of the emission spectrum of the sample element was determined by numerator. Luminous spectrum Intensity ratio) was calculated, and the component that caused the abnormal part was detected by the detected intensity curve representing the intensity ratio.
- FIG. 6 are diagrams showing examples of detected intensity curves when the sampling depth of a steel material is a required depth from the surface.
- the horizontal axis represents the length of the line (the distance the irradiation point has advanced in the length direction of the irradiation area), and the vertical axis represents the detection intensity ratio.
- Fig. 3 is an example of the detection intensity curve when the sample depth for steel is 3 Om from the surface.
- the line length (the distance the irradiation point has advanced in the length direction of the irradiation area) is around 0.9 mm.
- a large detection intensity ratio appears in the graph, indicating a remarkable change in the concentration of the component.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a detection intensity curve when the sampling depth of the above sample is 10 u rn from the surface.
- the sampling depth of the sample is 10 zm from the surface, there is no noticeable change in the detection intensity ratio as shown in Fig. 3, and the component causing the abnormal part is detected. Can not do it. Therefore, when a sample is taken from a depth of less than 20 m from the surface of a linear abnormal part at such a position, its detection accuracy decreases.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in the case where the sampling depth of the sample is 150 // m
- FIG. 6 shows an example in the case where the sampling depth of the sample is 230 m. In the case shown in Fig.
- the sampling depth of the sample is 150
- the length of the line (the irradiation point in the length direction of the irradiation area is A large detection intensity ratio appears near 0.9 (advanced distance), indicating a remarkable change in the concentration of the component, whereas the sampling depth of the sample is 230 nm, as shown in Fig. 6.
- the remarkable change in the concentration of the component is lower than in the case shown in FIG.
- the irradiated pulsed laser beam may penetrate the steel sheet, reach another material located below the steel sheet, and detect it. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the irradiation depth when irradiating pulsed laser light.
- the irradiation depth of one pulsed laser beam is half the thickness of the steel material to be measured.
- the irradiation depth is controlled as follows. In other words, the amount of laser light evaporating the steel is determined by the energy of the laser light input to the steel.
- the irradiation depth is determined by the amount of energy of the laser beam applied to a unit area.
- the energy of the laser beam injected into the steel material is the product of the average power of the laser beam and the irradiation time.
- the irradiation area is the product of the line width (ie, the length of the irradiation area in the width direction) and the distance traveled by the line (ie, the length of the irradiation area in the length direction).
- the irradiation depth of the laser beam is calculated by multiplying the average output of the laser beam by the irradiation time (that is, the energy amount of the input laser beam) by the product of the line width and the distance traveled by the line (ie, , Irradiation area). Since the distance traveled by the line is the product of the linear velocity (ie, the speed in the length direction of the irradiation area) and the irradiation time, the irradiation depth of the laser beam is calculated by the following equation (1). O ⁇ is calculated by dividing the output by the product of the line width and the line speed.
- a test piece of steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm from 0.2 mm was used.
- a Q-switch pulse YAG laser was used as the laser-oscillator.
- One direction of the pulsed laser light emitted from the laser oscillator is changed in direction by a reflecting mirror and is advanced toward the surface of the steel sheet. Then, the pulsed laser light is condensed by a condenser lens.
- the pulsed laser light condensed as above was irradiated onto the steel material surface. The progress of the irradiation point (line) in the length direction of the irradiation area was performed by moving the focusing lens in the direction of movement.
- the angle of the reflector should be adjusted with respect to the width direction of the irradiation area. Then, the reflecting mirror was moved in a zigzag manner so as to change. The length of the irradiation area in the width direction was determined by the maximum width of the above-described change in the angle of the reflecting mirror. The sample was collected from the surface of the steel sheet by irradiation with the pulsed laser beam using a fine particle collection cell (not shown).
- the particle collection cell was placed on the surface of the steel sheet by closely contacting it with a sealant interposed therebetween, and an inert gas was introduced into the particle collection cell through an inert gas inlet to form an inert atmosphere.
- the ceiling of the particle collection cell is made of quartz glass, and the focused pulsed laser light passes through the quartz glass and forms an irradiation point on the steel sheet surface.
- the sample vaporized by the pulsed laser light and formed into fine particles was led to a component measuring device by an inert gas, where the components of the fine particles were analyzed.
- a high frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) was used as a measuring instrument.
- an atomic absorption spectrometer can be used in addition to the above ICP device, and when the causal component amount is small, a mass spectrometer can also be used.
- Table 1 shows the results of Examples Nos. 1 to 11 according to the method of the present invention and Comparative Examples Nos. 1 and 2 according to methods outside the scope of the present invention and Comparative Examples according to the conventional method (discharge emission spectroscopy). , Laser light irradiation conditions, sample collection conditions, analysis evaluation results, etc. Table 1
- Example 2 2 10 2.0X10 "8 0,30 1.40X10 8 2 X mm m: mE: 4oov, -m - nz, 30 6 X j3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 *: 6nm0o
- the evaluation of the analysis was carried out by analyzing the abnormal part, in which the component causing the abnormal part was confirmed in advance by electron beam X-ray fluorescence analysis (XMA), under the conditions shown in Table 1 and applying the following criteria. Performed using the ratio. Hit rate:
- FIG. 7 shows a detected intensity curve of A1 in the case of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a detected intensity curve of A1 in the case of the test example according to the conventional method.
- FIG. 7 shows a mountain of harm in the case of the test example according to the conventional method.
- a mountain of harm appears around 2-3 mm in length corresponding to the above-mentioned length of 0.9 mm in Fig. 7 described above. No, A 1 is not detected
- the time required for one measurement is several minutes to several ten minutes, and the evaluation can be sufficiently performed as a quick analysis.
- the cause of an abnormal portion existing on the surface of a steel material can be quickly and accurately detected without being affected by the conductivity of the surface of the steel material and its surface shape. It is possible to detect a substance deep in the surface from the surface, and it has excellent positional resolution, and does not overlook inclusions buried in steel and those scattered in small abnormal parts. And many other industrially useful effects.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/722,276 US5784153A (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | Method for detecting cause of abnormal portion present on surface of steel product |
DE69629653T DE69629653T2 (de) | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | Methode zur bestimmung der ursache von defekten auf stahloberflächen |
EP96917647A EP0780677B1 (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | Method of determining cause of defects on steel material surface |
KR1019960705346A KR0165946B1 (ko) | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | 강재의 표면상에 존재하는 이상부의 원인 검출방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP17023995A JP3166569B2 (ja) | 1995-06-12 | 1995-06-12 | 鋼材表面に生じた異常部の発生原因検出方法 |
JP7/170239 | 1995-06-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1996042005A1 true WO1996042005A1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
Family
ID=15901255
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP1996/001585 WO1996042005A1 (fr) | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | Procede permettant de determiner la cause de defauts presents sur une surface d'acier |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5784153A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0780677B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3166569B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR0165946B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1099586C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69629653T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996042005A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1035410A4 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-08-22 | Kawasaki Steel Co | METHOD FOR ANALYZING OXYGEN AND OXIDES IN METALLIC SUBSTANCES |
US7027142B2 (en) * | 2002-05-06 | 2006-04-11 | Applied Materials, Israel, Ltd. | Optical technique for detecting buried defects in opaque films |
EP1582862A1 (de) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose eines betriebsbeanspruchten Bauteils |
JP4630978B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-02-09 | 福井県 | 多層薄膜の分析方法ならびに装置 |
DE102010032792A1 (de) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-02 | Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann GmbH | Verfahren zur Reinheitsgradbestimmung von Metallen |
CN103778445B (zh) * | 2014-01-21 | 2017-02-01 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种冷轧带钢表面缺陷原因分析方法及系统 |
KR101529303B1 (ko) | 2014-07-16 | 2015-06-17 | 탁태문 | 비데 장치 |
RU2579546C1 (ru) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет" (ИГХТУ) | Способ обнаружения механических дефектов на поверхности твердых материалов |
KR102331569B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-11-25 | 송순영 | 이동형 사용자 기립 보조 장치 |
KR102337775B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-12-09 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 노인 넘어짐 예방을 위한 화장실 자세 보조 및 응급알람 시스템 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS62162947A (ja) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | 鋼材の表面疵要因判定法 |
JPH03118440A (ja) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-05-21 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | レーザ装置を有する元素分析装置 |
JPH0772047A (ja) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-03-17 | Nkk Corp | レーザー気化分析方法及び装置 |
JPH07128237A (ja) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-19 | Nkk Corp | 鋼成分迅速分析方法及び装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3602595A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1971-08-31 | Applied Res Lab | Method of and apparatus for generating aerosols by electric arc |
US3791743A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-02-12 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Portable flame photometer and sampling probe |
GB8322709D0 (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1983-09-28 | British Steel Corp | Analysis of materials |
US4615225A (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-10-07 | Allied Corporation | In-situ analysis of a liquid conductive material |
DE4004627C2 (de) * | 1990-02-15 | 1994-03-31 | Krupp Ag Hoesch Krupp | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Materialeigenschaften polymerer Werkstoffe und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US5537206A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-07-16 | Nkk Corporation | Method for analyzing steel and apparatus therefor |
-
1995
- 1995-06-12 JP JP17023995A patent/JP3166569B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-12 CN CN96190161A patent/CN1099586C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-12 KR KR1019960705346A patent/KR0165946B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-12 EP EP96917647A patent/EP0780677B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-12 DE DE69629653T patent/DE69629653T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-12 WO PCT/JP1996/001585 patent/WO1996042005A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-12 US US08/722,276 patent/US5784153A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62162947A (ja) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | 鋼材の表面疵要因判定法 |
JPH03118440A (ja) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-05-21 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | レーザ装置を有する元素分析装置 |
JPH0772047A (ja) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-03-17 | Nkk Corp | レーザー気化分析方法及び装置 |
JPH07128237A (ja) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-19 | Nkk Corp | 鋼成分迅速分析方法及び装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0780677A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3166569B2 (ja) | 2001-05-14 |
EP0780677A1 (en) | 1997-06-25 |
CN1099586C (zh) | 2003-01-22 |
JPH08338792A (ja) | 1996-12-24 |
KR970702486A (ko) | 1997-05-13 |
DE69629653D1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
US5784153A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
EP0780677A4 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
DE69629653T2 (de) | 2004-06-03 |
CN1150838A (zh) | 1997-05-28 |
KR0165946B1 (ko) | 1999-03-30 |
EP0780677B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
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