Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M5/00—Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits
  • H03M5/02—Conversion to or from representation by pulses
  • H03M5/04—Conversion to or from representation by pulses the pulses having two levels
  • H03M5/14—Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending on the information in one or more adjacent bit cells, e.g. delay modulation code, double density code
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
  • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
  • G11B20/14—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes
  • G11B20/1403—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes characterised by the use of two levels
  • G11B20/1423—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code
  • G11B20/1426—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M5/00—Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits
  • H03M5/02—Conversion to or from representation by pulses
  • H03M5/04—Conversion to or from representation by pulses the pulses having two levels
  • H03M5/14—Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending on the information in one or more adjacent bit cells, e.g. delay modulation code, double density code
  • H03M5/145—Conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
  • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
  • G11B20/14—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes
  • G11B20/1403—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes characterised by the use of two levels
  • G11B20/1423—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code
  • G11B20/1426—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
  • G11B2020/1469—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof modulation code with one or more merging bits between consecutive codewords

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a data modulation method for binary data and an apparatus therefor, and relates particularly to a modulation method and apparatus for run- length limited coding used for recording to a recording medium.
• Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a typical modulation/demodulation apparatus whereby the data words input for recording to the recording medium are first converted to code words by a coding converter, the code word sequence is then modulated to a channel signal by an NRZI (non-return to zero-inverse) modulator, and the resulting channel signal is output to the write head of the recording/reproducing apparatus.
• Fig. 11 shows an example of the modulated data stream.
• the 4-bit input data word is converted to an 8-bit code word sequence, which is then modulated to an NRZI-modulated channel signal as shown.
• the inversion interval (the period for which a HIGH or LOW signal state continues) of the NRZI signal wave form is limited, and the DC component (the difference between accumulation of the HIGH signal state periods and that of LOW signal periods) must be low.
• the inversion interval of the obtained code words must be constantly maintained within a predetermined range. Because the inversion interval is thus limited in the code words, i.e., the run length of bits of the same bit value is limited, this type of code is known as "run-length limited" (RLL) code.
• RLL run-length limited
• the (d,k) constraint defines the run-length limits of the code word where constraint d is the minimum and constraint k is the maximum number of consecutive 0s permitted between two Is.
• the (d,k) constraint must be satisfied both within individual code words and in the mergings between two or more consecutive code words.
• each input data word is converted to the corresponding code word based on a predetermined conversion table (step S300) . If the (d,k) constraints are not satisfied in the code word conjunctions, m ⁇ n and T ma ⁇ control are applied (steps S301 and S302) .
• T min control refers to the process of rewriting part of the code word(s) to satisfy constraint d
• T ma ⁇ control refers to the process of rewriting part of the code word(s) to satisfy constraint k.
• Parts of the code words may then be rewritten to minimize the DC component of the channel signal ("DC control" below) (step S303) .
• the DC component of the channel signal is the difference (called the digital sum value (DSV) below) between the total number of bits of value 1 and the total number of bits of value 0 in the whole signal .
• the DC component must be low for an optical recording/reproducing apparatus or magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus using integral detection to stably discriminate the Is and 0s of the read signal .
• the 4-bit input data word is converted to 7-bit code words satisfying a (2,11) constraint rule, and consecutive data words are separated by a merging bit with a value of 1.
• the 8-15 conversion table shown in Fig. 13 is used for the particular conversion table referenced in step S300. Note that in Fig. 13 an asterisk (*) indicates bits of either value 0 or 1.
• the nineteen code words: ⁇ 0000000 0000001 0000010 0000100 0001000 0001001 0010000 0010001 0010010 0100000 0100001 0100010 0100100 1000000 1000001 1000010 1000100 1001000 1001001 ⁇ satisfying this (2,11) constraint are used to code the sixteen data words shown with the code word pairs (0000000,0001000), (0000001,0001001), and (1000000,1001000) used selectively to code the data words 0000, 0001, and 1000, respectively. More specifically, the value of bits * in the code words correspon ⁇ ding to data words 0000, 0001, and 1000 in Fig. 13 is assumed to be 0 or 1.
• the data words 6, C, 7, and 0 are sequentially input as the input data, as an example. These data words are converted to a code word sequence of the four words
• step S300 If these code words are then linked by inserting a 0 merging bit between the code words, the resulting bit sequence is:
• T m i n control The rule used for T m i n control is : if (xxxxxOOl [0] lOOxxxx) ⁇ (xxxxxOOO [1] OOOxxxx) , wherein X is either 0 or 1.
• bit sequence of the above code word sequence after T m; : n control is
• step S301 While part of the first and second code words in this code word sequence is thus rewritten using a merging bit of 1, it is possible to restore this code word sequence to the original code word sequence, i.e., demodulate the code word sequence, because the merging bit is 1.
• step S302 While the second merging bit is 0 in the above sequence, it may have a value of 1 as a result of a particular coding situation.
• the demodulator attempts to change both adjacent bits to 1.
• the resulting sequence violates constraint k, however, and the merging bit can therefore be discriminated from being set to 1 by m;j _ n control.
• the bit sequence can therefore be correct ⁇ ly demodulated whether this second merging bit is 0 or 1.
• the NRZI-modulated channel bit sequences for a second merging bit of 0 and 1 are, respectively: 0011111000001111110000000001111, and
• the conventional data encoder thus described according to Japanese Patent tokkai S61-84124 (1986-84124) (corresponding to U.S. Patent No. 4,728,929 to S. Tanaka issued March 1, 1988) thus uses plural code words to code some of the data words in the input data word sequence based on a predefined conversion table, and selects the specific code words used to avoid violating constraint k.
• the minimum inversion interval of the channel signal is preferably set as long as possible as a means of increasing the recording density or the transmission capacity of a bandwidth-limited transmission path.
• the maximum inversion interval of the channel signal is preferably set as short as possible as a means of stabilizing the clock used to regulate transmission or reading the reproduced channel signal.
• the conventional method described above uses a 1-bit merging bit inserted between 7-bit code words, thus producing a 1/8 redundant signal and an equivalent shortening of the minimum inversion interval of the channel signal. It is possible to convert 8-bit data words to 14-bit code words joined by a 1-bit merging bit to achieve the same constraint d as above. Redundancy in this case is 1/15, and the minimum inversion interval lengthens by an amount equivalent to the drop in redundancy.
• T ma ⁇ control is applied as described above, however, the best constraint rule possible is (2, 17) .
• an object of the present invention is to provide an efficient digital modulation/demodulation method, an apparatus therefor, and a recording medium recorded thereby, by reducing redundancy and effectively accomplishing ⁇ max control.
• a second object of the present invention is to provide a digital modulation/demodulation method capable of suppressing the DC component of the channel signal, an apparatus therefor, and a recording medium recorded thereby.
• a third object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for reproducing a channel signal modulated by the digital modulation method of the present invention.
• an article of manufacture comprises: a reproducer usable medium having reproducer readable code word embodied therein, said reproducer readable code word in said article of manufacture comprising: pits and pit-intervals between the pits, each pit having a length greater than d bits and less than k bits, and each pit-interval having a length greater than d bits and less than k bits, said pits and pit-intervals being determined by:
• said merging bit as having a bit value of 1 when: (i) adjacent bits on both sides of the merging bit are Is, and in this case, said adjacent bits are also changed to 0s; (ii) when trailing P bits of a code word preceding the merging bit and leading Q bits of a code word following the merging bit are all Os, provided that P+Q ⁇ k, and in this case, at least either one of said P bits and Q bits has a bit sequence of (00000) , and said bit sequence (00000) is changed to (00100) ; and
• digital modulation method for modulating an original digital data to an NRZI bit sequence comprises the step of:
• said merging bit as having a bit value of 1 when: (i) adjacent bits on both sides of the merging bit are Is, and in this case, said adjacent bits are also changed to 0s; (ii) when trailing P bits of a code word preceding the merging bit and leading Q bits of a code word following the merging bit are all 0s, provided that P+Q ⁇ k, and in this case, at least either one of said P bits and Q bits has a bit sequence of (00000) , and said bit sequence (00000) is changed to (00100) ; and
• a digital modulation apparatus for modulating an original digital data to an NRZI bit sequence, comprises: converting means for converting the m bit long data words to code words, each code word having a length of n bits, provided: that n is greater than m,* and that when a code word comprises two bits of value 1, an alignment of consecutive bits of value 0 inserted between said two bits of value 1 has a length greater than d bits and less than k bits; connecting means for connecting said code words with a one-bit merging bit inserted between said code words, said merging bit normally selected as having a bit value of 0; first selecting means for selecting said merging bit as having a bit value of 1 when adjacent bits on both sides of the merging bit are Is, and in this case, said adjacent bits are also changed to 0s; second selecting means for selecting said merging bit as having a bit value of 1 when trailing P bits of a code word preceding the merging bit and leading Q bits of a code word following the merging bit are all O
• a digital demodulation method for demodulating an NRZI bit sequence to an original digital data comprises the step of: (a) demodulating said NRZI bit sequence to code bit sequence containing a plurality of code words with a merging bit inserted at each conjunction of the code words;
• the merging bit is 1, (ii) a third bit on one side of the merging bit is 1; and (iii) the other side of the merging bit has a pattern other than a predetermined bit pattern; resulting in such that trailing P bits of a code word preceding the merging bit and leading Q bits of a code word following the merging bit are all Os, provided that P+Q ⁇ k,
• the merging bit is 1, (ii) the third bit on one side of the merging bit is 1; and (iii) other side of the merging bit has a pat ⁇ tern other than a predetermined bit pattern; resulting in such that trailing P bits of a code word preceding the merging bit and leading Q bits of a code word following the merging bit are all Os, provided that P+Q ⁇ k, separating means for separating code words to have a length of n bits; and reconverting means for reconverting said code words to data words, each data word having a length of m bits, provided that n is greater than m.
• the value of d is 2, the value of k is any one of 10, 11 and 12, the value of m is 8, the value of n is 14, and the value of each of P and Q is 8 or less.
• the merging bit is selected as having a bit value of 1 further in a case (iii) when one side of the merging bit has a bit sequence of (00100) and the other side thereof has a predeter ⁇ mined bit sequence.
• the predeter ⁇ mined bit sequence is (00000) .
• the merging bit and part of one or both code words adjacent to the merging bit are changed to eliminate any constraint violation.
• the bit pattern resulting from changing part of the code word sequence by means of T ma ⁇ control eliminating constraint k violations is a bit pattern that will not appear as a result of m;j _ n control changing part of the code word sequence to eliminate constraint d violations. It is therefore possible to discriminate whether the code word sequence was changed to eliminate a constraint d violation or a constraint k violation.
• 8-bit data words are converted to 14-bit code words, constraint d is defined as 2, and constraint k as 11.
• the DC component of the channel signal can be further suppressed. Any changes made to the code word sequence for the purpose of DC component control can be easily discriminated from changes made to the code word sequence for other purposes.
• the code words can therefore also be reliably restored to the original data words.
• Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a digital modulation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention
• Figs. 2 and 3 are tables showing an example of the conversion table in the first embodiment for converting data words to code words
• Fig. 4 is a conceptual illustration of the m ⁇ n control operation of the first embodiment, and the marks and spaces formed on the recording medium as a result of m ⁇ n control
• Fig. 5 is a conceptual illustration of the ma ⁇ control operation of the first embodiment, and the marks and spaces formed on the recording medium as a result of ma ⁇ control;
• Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the merging processor shown in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 7 is a flow chart used to describe the operation of a digital modulation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a digital demodulation apparatus according to the present invention.
• Fig. 9 is a flow chart used to describe the operation of a digital demodulation method according to the present invention.
• Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a typical modulation/- demodulation apparatus according to a prior art
• Fig. 11 is a signal diagram used to illustrate the operation of a prior art digital modulation apparatus
• Fig. 12 is a flow chart used to describe the operation of a prior art data modulation apparatus.
• Fig. 13 is an 4-8 data conversion table used by a prior art data modulation apparatus to convert data words to code words.
• Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a digital modulation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• the digital modulation apparatus comprises a serial-parallel converter 101, data encoder 102, conversion table 103, merging processor 104, buffer memory 105, DC controller 106, and NRZI modulator 107.
• the operation of the digital modulation apparatus thus comprised is described below with reference to the flow chart shown in Fig. 7.
• the serial-parallel converter 101 converts and outputs the input serial data bit stream to a parallel sequence of 8-bit data words (step S100) .
• This serial- parallel converter 101 comprises a serial-input, parallel- output shift register.
• data encoder 102 accesses the conversion table 103, which is preferably a semiconductor ROM, using the data words as the table address. The data encoder 102 thus extracts the 14-bit code word stored at the data word address in the conversion table 103 (step S101) .
• Figs. 2 and 3 are an example of the conversion table stored as the conversion table 103.
• the merging processor 104 connects the code words output from the data encoder 102 with a 1-bit merging bit between them to generate a serial code word sequence while processing the code word conjunctions to maintain the run length within the defined constraints.
• This merging bit is normally a 0. However, if insertion of a 0 merging bit results in a bit stream violating either constraint d or constraint k, the merging bit value is changed to 1, and specific bit values in the channel signal are changed according to specific rules so that constraints d and k are not violated.
• the violation of constraint d is detected, the m ⁇ n control is effected to clear the constraint d violation.
• constraint d is violated.
• the T__-_ control is effected to clear the constraint k violation.
• T mj _ n control and T ma ⁇ control are shown below and described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5, respectively.
• a detector (logic gates 202, 203, 204, 205 in Fig. 6) is provided for detecting the pattern 101 with the center 0 being the merging bit.
• 101 bit patterns in the output code word sequence is present, i.e., any violence of constraint d in the code word sequence is present (step S102) . If the 101 bit pattern is detected with the junction bit 0 being at the center, T m ⁇ n control is applied to convert the 101 bit pattern to a 010 bit pattern
• step S103 the detector defined by logic gates 202, 203, 204 and 205 serves also as a converter for converting the 101 bit pattern to 010 bit pattern.
• pits and pit intervals are shown which occur alternatively in response to the occurrence of Is in the code words bits.
• the pits can be indents, or can be markings formed on the disk surface where physical characteristics, such as reflectance, is varied.
• T max control is applied for six possible cases which are shown as cases (2) - (7) above. Such six possible cases are the cases in which, after inserting the merging bit 0, the run length of 0 bits results in twelve or greater.
• the coding process executed by the merging processor 104 thus determines whether T ma ⁇ control is necessary, i.e., detects the constraint k violation, by checking, if the merging bit 0 is inserted, whether or not any sequence of 0 bits has a run length of twelve bits or longer (step S104) .
• the constraint k violation occurs when the trailing P bits of the preceding code word and the leading Q bits of the following code word are all 0s, provided that P+Q ⁇ k.
• k ll.
• the maximum leading or trailing consecutive 0s is 8, so that P or Q may not be greater than 8.
• T ma ⁇ control is effected in such a manner that (i) the merging bit is changed from 0 to 1, and that (ii) the third bit counted from the merging bit is changed from 0 to 1 for the consecu ⁇ tive Os whose number is greater than four counted from the merging bit (step S105) .
• the T ma ⁇ control is applied such that the merging bit is converted to 1, and the 00000 bit sequence following the merging bit is converted to a 00100 bit sequence.
• the run length of 0s is reduced so as not to be longer than eleven.
• the maximum run length of 0s will be eleven.
• Such a maximum (11) run length of 0s occurs, for example, when the preceding code word ends with ..100 and the following code word starts with 00000000.. , or when the preceding code word ends with ..1 and the following code word starts with 100000000001...
• T ma ⁇ control is not applied in the former case, resulting in an 11- bit run of 0s including the merging bit.
• ⁇ m in contr °l i s applied in the latter case, resulting in an 11-bit run of 0s contained within the second code word.
• the DC controller 106 determines whether any bit sequences to which DC control can be applied and for which the merging bit value is still not determined are stored in the buffer memory 105. If there are, the DC controller 106 sets the value of the merging bit in the previously buffered bit sequence to minimize the absolute value of the DSV accumulated to immediately before the new bit sequence in which DC control is possible (step S107) . The new bit sequence in which DC control is possible is then stored to the buffer memory 105 without fixing the value of the merging bit (step S108) .
• the DC control is possible in the following two cases (8) and (9) .
• condition (a) is not satisfied.
• condition (b) is not satisfied, because the bit sequence of 00000 will not appear immediately before or after the merging bit.
• the NRZI modulator 107 then reads the code words for which all values have been determined from the buffer memory 105 (step S109) , applies NRZI modulation, and outputs the modulated sequence (step S110) .
• step Sill The process described above is repeated for as long as there is input data to process. If when data input stops a bit sequence for which any bit values have not been determined remains in the buffer memory 105, the remaining bit values are determined with reference to the DSV value at that point. All remaining code words in the buffer memory 105 are then read, NRZI modulated, and output (step S112 ) .
• the wave form of the channel signal obtained by the NRZI modulation operation of the NRZI modulator 107 is as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, resulting in the recording marks shown in the same figures when the channel signals, are recorded to, for example, an optical recording medium, such as an optical disk.
• Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the merging processor 104.
• the merging processor 104 normally adds a merging bit 0, but when the above described case (1) is detected, the T mj _ n control is effected, and when any one of the above described cases (2) -(7) is detected, the T ma ⁇ control is effected.
• the 14-bit code word output from the data encoder 102 is applied at the rate of word clock to the input terminals DO - 13 of the latch 201, which latches the input bits.
• the word clock is obtained by 1/15 frequency dividing a channel bit clock having a period of one channel signal bit.
• the code word is then serially output, the bits are output sequentially from bit D13 to DO.
• the previously latched code word is output to the output terminals of the latch 201.
• the AND gate 202 outputs the logical product of the last bit in one code word and the first bit in the following code word.
• the AND gate 202 outputs HIGH ("1" below) , indicating that T_ n;
• the OR gate 205 changes the merging bit to 1, and AND gates 203 and 204 change the adjacent bit on each side of the merging bit to 0.
• the constraint k inspection circuit 206 sets the output of the AND gates to LOW ("0" below) when the merging bit is 0 and there is a run including the merging bit of twelve or more Os.
• a 0 output from the AND gate of the constraint k inspection circuit 206 thus indicates that T max control is required, and the OR gate 205 sets the merging bit to 1.
• T_ control is required and the following code word starts with 00000
• the NOR gate 207 outputs 1
• the OR gate changes the beginning of the following code word to 00100. If ma ⁇ control is required and the preceding code word ends with 00000, the NOR gate 209 outputs 1, and the OR gate 210 changes the end of the first code word to 00100.
• AND gates 211 and 212 and OR gate 213 together form a combinational circuit for checking whether DC control is possible. If the output from the OR gate 213 is 1, DC control can be used. The DC controller 106 thus determines whether DC control is to be applied by checking the output bit of the OR gate 213.
• channel code DC control It is also possible to accomplish channel code DC control because the bit sequences resulting from m ⁇ n control and T ma ⁇ control can be identified whether the merging bit is 0 or 1.
• a digital modulation method capable of minimizing the DC component is also desirable as a means of stabilizing tracking and focusing control and avoiding the effects of DC instability in an optical recording medium, and the digital modulation method according to the present invention is therefore well suited to use with optical recording media.
• the present invention is particularly suitable to use with such optical recording media because it uses 8-bit data words and 14-bit code words which are relatively long code words.
• the redundancy-reducing effect of the present invention is further amplified by using a large number of word bits, but many digital processing systems are based on processing in byte units.
• the number of bits per data word is therefore preferably some multiple or divisor of eight bits, but if 16-bit data words are used, the circuit scale becomes unmanageably large and impractical. Therefore, eight bits per data word is the optimum number of bits per data word achieving the maximum benefit from the present invention.
• Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a digital demodulation apparatus according to the present invention.
• this digital demodulation apparatus comprises a synchronizer 301, an NRZI demodulator 302, a merging process decoder 303, a code word decoder 304, and a reverse-conversion (reconversion) table 305.
• a synchronizer 301 As shown in Fig. 8, this digital demodulation apparatus comprises a synchronizer 301, an NRZI demodulator 302, a merging process decoder 303, a code word decoder 304, and a reverse-conversion (reconversion) table 305.
• the synchronizer 301 When a channel signal is input from an external supply, the synchronizer 301 generates a channel bit clock by synchronizing a PLL to the input signal or another common clocking means. The synchronizer 301 then l/15 t " frequency divides the channel bit clock to generate a word clock, and detects the synchronization signal contained in the input channel signal to adjust the word clock phase and synchronize to the code word edge. Synchronization is completed when word clock synchronization is completed (step S200) . The NRZI demodulator 302 then NRZI demodulates the
• the merging process decoder 303 checks for the presence of a previously input code word (step S202) . If the input code word is the first code word in the bit stream, and there is therefore no previously input code word buffered, the merging process decoder 303 stores the input code word to a temporary buffer.
• the merging process decoder 303 detects the value of the merging bit between the buffered (first) code word and the code word just input (step S203) .
• the merging bit is 0, the first code word is output directly to the code word decoder 304. If the merging bit is 1, the merging process decoder 303 determines whether both the third bit before and the third bit after the merging bit are 0 (step S204) . If both of these bits are 0, the adjacent bit on each side of the merging bit is changed to 1, and the bit sequence is then output to the code word decoder 304 (step S205) . If either the third bit before or the third bit after the merging bit is 1 (step S204) , it is determined whether the bit sequence 00000 is adjacent to the merging bit (step S206) .
• any 1 bit third from the merging bit is changed to 0, and the resulting bit sequence is output to the code word decoder 304 (step S207) .
• the merging bit is 1, either the third bit before or the third bit after the merging bit is 1, and the bit sequence 00000 is found adjacent to the merging bit, it is known that the merging bit is 1 because of DC control . In this case the code word has not been changed, and the first code word is therefore output to the code word decoder 304.
• the merging bit is eliminated and the 14-bit long code words are sequentially applied to the code word decoder 304.
• the code word decoder 304 first compresses the input 14-bit code word to ten bits. Specifically, if a fourteen bit sequence is divided into 3-bit segments, there are only four possible 3-bit patterns that may occur, i.e., 000, 001, 010, and 100, because of the (d,k) constraint of the code words, and only two bits are needed to specify the patterns. Therefore, when each 14-bit code word is divided into four 3- bit segments and one 2-bit segment, each 3-bit segment can be compressed to two bits, and the 14-bit code word can therefore be compressed to ten bits.
• step S208 the demodulator looks for the next code word input (step S209) . If there is no new input, the code word decoder 304 finishes restoring the last code word in the merging process decoder 303 (step S210) . If another code word is input, the procedure from step S201 to S209 is repeated.
• the present invention can provide a digital modulation method and apparatus therefor whereby redundancy can be effectively reduced and the minimum inversion interval can be increased using circuitry of a practical scale, and a recording medium wherein the minimum length of the marks and spaces formed for recording can be effectively lengthened.
• the present invention as described above, it is possible to provide a digital modula ⁇ tion method and apparatus therefor whereby the DC component of the channel signal can be further suppressed because the code word sequence is generated by setting the merging bit to either value when the value of the third bit before the merging bit is 1 and the bit pattern following the merging bit satisfies particular conditions, or the value of the third bit following the merging bit is 1 and the bit pattern before the merging bit satisfies particular conditions.
• the recording medium achieved by the present invention is also recorded with an even ratio of recording marks and spaces, and reading is therefore simple.
• the present invention as described above, it is possible to provide a digital modula- tion method and apparatus therefor whereby the minimum and maximum inversion intervals of the channel signal are not affected by DC control of the channel signal because the merging bit is selectively set only when a 00000 bit sequence is adjacent to the merging bit.
• the recording medium achieved by the invention is also recorded with an even ratio of recording marks and spaces while enabling the code words changed by T mj _ n or T max control to be easily decoded during reproduction.

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