WO1994003851A1 - Systeme et procede de selection parmi des flux de donnees multiples - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de selection parmi des flux de donnees multiples

Info

Publication number
WO1994003851A1
WO1994003851A1 PCT/US1993/005780 US9305780W WO9403851A1 WO 1994003851 A1 WO1994003851 A1 WO 1994003851A1 US 9305780 W US9305780 W US 9305780W WO 9403851 A1 WO9403851 A1 WO 9403851A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data stream
elements
stream
steps
subset
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/005780
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charlie Kellner
Eugene Kusmiak
Kenneth Soohoo
Original Assignee
Digital Pictures, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Digital Pictures, Inc. filed Critical Digital Pictures, Inc.
Priority to EP93916578A priority Critical patent/EP0654157A1/fr
Priority to AU46380/93A priority patent/AU4638093A/en
Priority to JP6505286A priority patent/JPH08504283A/ja
Publication of WO1994003851A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994003851A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/005—Reproducing at a different information rate from the information rate of recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/102—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers
    • G11B27/105—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers of operating discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/765—Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/92—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N5/926—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback by pulse code modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/93—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof
    • H04N5/937—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof by assembling picture element blocks in an intermediate store
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
    • G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
    • G06F3/0673—Single storage device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B2020/10916—Seeking data on the record carrier for preparing an access to a specific address
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
    • G11B2220/213—Read-only discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
    • G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
    • G11B2220/2545—CDs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the processing and outputting of multiple data streams from computer data storage peripherals and, more particu- larly, to a system and method of selecting among multiple data streams in peripherals having greater access times for non-sequential data reads than for sequential data reads.
  • access time is defined as the time it takes for a peripheral to access the storage medium and retrieve an element of data.
  • access time For many peripherals, including compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) drives, the access time of a non-se ⁇ quential read is greater than that of a sequential read. The difference in access time may occur for a variety of reasons; in a CD-ROM system it is primarily due to the additional time required for the lens to physically move across the surface of the medium in a non-sequential read. This additional time is called “seek time”. During the seek time, no data may be read from the storage medium.
  • a typical CD-ROM drive can read a contiguous stream of data (in other words, a series of sequential reads), at a rate of approxi ⁇ mately 150 kilobytes per second.
  • a non-sequential read how ⁇ ever, the drive's lens must stop and seek the location of the new data, which takes approximately 0.5 to 1.0 seconds.
  • the CD-ROM may contain data representing motion video (with associated sound channels), and at a certain point the user may have an opportunity to select from a number of "streams" of video.
  • the application may have to perform a seek to retrieve the selected stream. Conventionally, no data is trans ⁇ ferred during this seek, and the video display pauses until the seek is completed.
  • a sys ⁇ tem and method of selecting and switching among multiple data streams instantaneously and without interruption in the output to the end user This is accomplished either by reading data stream elements from a buffer to cover a seek, or by using interleave techniques to avoid seek operations altogether.
  • the invention is herein described in terms of video data streams stored on CD-ROMs.
  • Each data stream has a number of contiguous elements, representing individual frames of video data.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular type of data or any particular storage medium. It is most useful when practiced on media having longer access times for non-sequential reads than for se- quential reads.
  • One technique for eliminating interruptions according to the pre ⁇ sent invention involves loading a buffer with a number of elements from one or more data streams prior to performing a seek.
  • the application reads elements from the buffer to cover the seek. Once the seek is complete, normal sequential operation resumes. Thus, the user does not see any interruption in the video output.
  • the buffer is loaded while sequential reads are taking place.
  • the application reads the data stream faster than it displays it, and uses the extra time to accumulate data in the buffer.
  • the buffer is pre-loaded before sequential reads begin.
  • Another technique uses interleaving to avoid seek operations alto ⁇ gether.
  • the data storage medium is designed so that images from the alternate data streams are interleaved.
  • the system reads the interleaved elements sequentially, buffering them if required, and out ⁇ puts only those elements belonging to the selected data stream.
  • al ⁇ ternatives and others are described more fully below.
  • the user may select data streams at any time.
  • the display immediately switches to the se ⁇ lected data stream; in others, the data stream being displayed at the time the selection is made continues until the buffer contains enough data to cover a seek or an interleave gap. In all embodiments, the output seen by the user continues uninterrupted.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of apparatus for practicing the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flowchart showing a method of selecting among multi ⁇ ple data streams according to the present invention, in which excess data is accumulated over time to cover seeks.
  • Figures 3a and 3b are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a flowchart showing a method of selecting among multi ⁇ ple data streams according to the present invention, using redundant low- resolution versions of the data to cover seeks.
  • Figures 5a and 5b are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a flowchart showing a method of selecting among multi ⁇ ple data streams according to the present invention, in which the buffer is loaded with data from the first data stream in advance of any data output, to cover seeks.
  • Figures 7a and 7b are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart showing a variation of the method shown in Figure 6, in which the buffer is loaded with data from two data streams, to cover seeks.
  • Figures 9a and 9b are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a flowchart showing a variation of the method shown in Figure 6, in which the buffer is loaded with data from the second data stream to cover seeks.
  • Figures 11a and l ib are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a flowchart showing a method of selecting among multi ⁇ ple data streams according to the present invention, in which data is stored in an interleaved fashion, and elements from all data streams are read in each time frame.
  • Figures 13a and 13b are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 11.
  • Figure 14 is a flowchart showing a method of selecting among multi ⁇ ple data streams according to the present invention, in which excess data is accumulated over time to cover interleave gaps.
  • Figures 15a and 15b are timing diagrams illustrating an example of the method shown in Figure 14.
  • CPU 101 controls the operation of a data storage device containing the various data streams which are to be read and processed.
  • An example of such a data storage device is CD-ROM drive 102 shown in Figure 1.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • DMA direct memory access
  • CPU 101 controls the operation of a buffer which is contained in RAM 103 and which temporarily stores data stream elements in accordance with the method described below.
  • Video display 104 receives data from RAM 103 via DMA transfers and outputs the data to the user.
  • the data contains both video and audio components, and the video display includes audio output capability.
  • Figures 2 through 15b show implemen ⁇ tations involving two data streams, designated A and B. Elements from stream A are output first, and then the user is given an opportunity to ei- ther remain on stream A or select stream B. All of these techniques may be extended to multiple data streams.
  • Figures 2 through l ib show im ⁇ plementations which use seek operations
  • Figures 12 through 15b show implementations which use interleave techniques to avoid seek op ⁇ erations.
  • the data stream is read from the storage device faster than it is output.
  • a buffer is used to temporarily store elements of the data stream between the time they are read and the time they are output. Since the read rate is faster than the output rate, excess data accumulates in the buffer over time. Once the buffer has accumulated enough data to cover a seek, selection among data streams becomes possible. The point in time at which selec ⁇ tion is possible is called the selection junction. If the user specifies his or her selection before the selection junction is reached, the system contin ⁇ ues outputting elements from the first data stream until the junction is reached. Once the junction is reached, if a seek is required to access the selected data stream, elements are drawn from the buffer while the seek takes place. Thus, the output to the user is uninterrupted.
  • step 201 the process begins.
  • Two paths extend from step 201, one leading to steps 206 through 209 and one leading to step 210.
  • this designation indicates that the two paths occur simultaneously.
  • steps 206 through 209 are performed at the same time as step 210 is performed.
  • the two paths may be per ⁇ formed by a single processor or by two different processors.
  • the system reads successive elements from the storage device and places each element in the buffer as it is read. Some elements belong to stream A and some elements belong to stream B. Typically, each element has a tag to indicate which stream it belongs to, and the data is arranged on the storage medium so that a set of stream B elements is located immediately after a set of stream A elements. Alter ⁇ natively, other techniques may be used to identify the stream to which each element belongs. If, while the system is reading elements, the buffer becomes full, this is detected in step 208 and the reading process pauses in step 209, allowing the output to catch up until the buffer is no longer full. After each element is read, the system checks in step 207 to see if the selection junction has been reached. If so, the system immediately proceeds to step 211. If the selection junction has not been reached, the system checks to see if the buffer is full in step 208, pauses in step 209 if necessary, and loops back to step 206.
  • step 210 is performed. in which the output device starts to output stream A elements from the buffer. This is done at a rate which is slower than the read rate, so that the system is able to accumulate excess data in the buffer before the se ⁇ lection junction is reached at step 207. Thus, by the time the system reaches step 211, the buffer contains enough elements from stream B to cover a seek.
  • step 211 the system accepts input from the user specifying the desired stream.
  • the user may supply this input at any time, but in this embodiment, the system does not respond to the selection until the selec- tion junction is reached.
  • step 212 the system checks the input to see which stream was selected.
  • step 213 stream B elements are discarded from the buffer, since they are not needed. This may be done before, after, or during steps 214 through 217.
  • steps 214 through 217 the system reads successive stream A elements and places them in the buffer, until it has finished reading stream A. As before, if the buffer becomes full, the reading process pauses in step 217 to let the out ⁇ put catch up. While steps 213 through 217 are being performed, the sys- tern outputs successive stream A elements from the buffer in step 218, until stream A is finished. Once stream A is finished, the process ends in step 226.
  • step 212 stream B is selected, the process continues with steps 219 through 224 running simultaneously with step 225.
  • step 219 stream A elements are discarded from the buffer, since they are not needed. This may be done before, after, or during steps 220 through 224.
  • step 220 the system performs a seek to access stream B. Once the seek is complete, in steps 221 through 224, the system reads successive stream B elements and places them in the buffer, until it has finished reading stream B. As before, if the buffer becomes full, the reading pro ⁇ cess pauses in step 224 to let the output catch up. While steps 219 through 224 are being performed, the system outputs successive stream B elements from the buffer in step 225, until stream B is finished.
  • timing dia ⁇ grams illustrating an example of the method of Figure 2.
  • Figure 3a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure 3b shows the user selecting stream B.
  • Each timing diagram contains five horizontal rows of information. In the top row, a time stream of eight frames, time 1 to time 8, is shown. In the next row, the diagram shows elements being read from the storage device. Each element of the data streams is labeled with a letter and a number, the letter specifying which data stream the element belongs to, and the number specifying the proper time for the element to be output. The third row of each diagram shows elements being output. The fourth row shows the contents of the buffer at each point in time. The last row shows elements being discarded from the buffer.
  • time frames 1 to 3 the system reads elements Al through A5, placing each element in the buffer. This corresponds to steps 206 through 209.
  • elements Al through A3 are output (corresponding to step 210).
  • the system reads elements B5 and B6 in frames 3 to 4, since these are positioned on the storage medium im ⁇ mediately after elements Al to A5 (continuing steps 206 through 209).
  • frames A3 through A4 are being output (step 210).
  • the selection junction has been reached, and the system is prepared to accept selection input (step 211).
  • the buffer contains elements A5 and B5, and B6 has been read and is ready to be placed in the buffer. Thus, there is sufficient data in the buffer to cover a seek, should the user select stream B.
  • Element A5 is discarded from the buffer (step 219) at the beginning of frame 5 (although this can be done at any time).
  • the system performs a seek to access stream B (step 220). Since the buffer contains elements B5 and B6, the system is able to cover the seek by out- putting these elements (step 225).
  • the system begins to read stream B elements. The system reads ele- ments B7 and B8 in frames 6 and 7 and places them in the buffer (steps 221 to 224). At the same time, it outputs elements B6 through B8 from the buffer (continuing step 225). Stream B finishes with element B8 (step 226) .
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a flowchart of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sys ⁇ tem responds to the user's selection immediately after the selection is made.
  • the data stream is read from the storage device faster than it is output, so that excess data accumulates in the buffer.
  • two versions of each data stream are stored on the storage device: a high-resolution version and a low-reso ⁇ lution version.
  • Each high-res element of one stream is paired with a low- res element of the other stream. If the user selects a stream requiring a seek before sufficient data has accumulated in the buffer to cover the seek, the system outputs the low-res version of the selected stream, expanded as desired using conventional expansion techniques, until the buffer is full enough for a seek. Once the buffer is ready, the system performs the seek and uses the buffer's contents to cover the seek.
  • This technique allows the system to respond to the user's selection before the buffer is ready for a seek, although the quality of the output during the interim period from the time the selection is made until the completion of the seek may be inferior because it is an expanded low-res version of the data stream. This technique also facilitates outputting low-res versions of the non-selected data stream, e.g., in a smaller, secondary video window, while the high -res version of the selected data stream is being output in the primary video window.
  • step 401 the process begins.
  • steps 402 through 407 the sys ⁇ tem reads successive high-res stream A elements paired with low-res stream B elements, and places each pair in the buffer as it is read.
  • the system checks in step 403 to see if the user has se ⁇ lected stream B. If so, the system immediately proceeds to steps 412 through 414. If the user has not selected stream B, the system checks in step 404 to see if stream A is finished; if so the system ends the process in step 405. If stream A is not finished, the system checks to see if the buffer is full in step 406, pauses in step 407 if necessary, and loops back to step 402.
  • steps 408 through 411 are performed, in which the output device outputs successive high-res versions of stream A elements and, optionally in the secondary display, low-res versions of stream B elements. This is done at a rate which is slower than the read rate, so that the system is able to accumulate excess data in the buffer over time.
  • the system checks in step 409 to see if the user has selected stream B; if so, the sys ⁇ tem immediately proceeds to steps 412 through 414. If the user has not selected stream B, the system checks in step 410 to see if stream A is finished; if so, the system ends the process in step 411.
  • step 412 the system reads successive high-res stream A elements and low-res stream B ele ⁇ ments and places them in the buffer. It continues to do this until the buffer is full enough to cover a seek.
  • step 413 the system proceeds to step 413, where it performs a seek to access high-res stream B elements.
  • the output device in step 414 outputs successive low-res stream B elements which have been expanded from the buffer.
  • the device also displays the corresponding high-res stream A elements, reduced if de- sired by conventional reduction techniques, in the secondary display.
  • the system immediately responds to the user's selection of stream B
  • steps 415 to 418 the system reads successive high-res stream B elements and low-res stream A elements, placing each pair in the buffer, until it has finished reading stream B. As before, if the buffer becomes full, the reading pro ⁇ cess pauses in step 418 to let the output catch up. While steps 415 through 418 are being performed, the system outputs successive high-res stream B elements and, optionally, low-res stream A elements in the sec ⁇ ondary display, from the buffer in step 419, until stream B is finished. Once stream B is finished, the process ends in step 420.
  • FIG. 5a and 5b there are shown timing dia ⁇ grams illustrating an example of the method of Figure 4.
  • Figure 5a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure 5b shows the user selecting stream B.
  • the timing diagrams show information in a similar manner as Figures 3a and 3b.
  • a and B in ⁇ dicate high-res versions of the data streams, and a and b indicate low-res versions.
  • B' indicates an expanded low-res version, and a' indicates a re ⁇ Jerusalem high-res version.
  • a high-res version from one data stream is always paired with a corresponding low-res version from the other data stream.
  • the secondary video window may or may not be displayed.
  • the user elects to remain on stream A.
  • time frames In time frames
  • the system reads element pairs Abl through Ab5, placing each pair in the buffer. This corresponds to steps 402 through 406.
  • the buffer becomes full, so the reading process pauses to let the output catch up (step 407).
  • the output has caught up, so the sys- tern continues reading element pairs Ab6 through Ab7 in frames 5 and 6.
  • the data stream ends, so the system stops reading elements (step 405). While all this is taking place, in frames 1 through 7, the out ⁇ put device reads successive element pairs from the buffer, outputting high-res stream A elements and, optionally, low-res stream B elements (steps 408 through 410).
  • the output device reaches element pair Ab7, it has finished the data stream, and stops outputting (step 411).
  • the output device outputs expanded stream B elements paired with reduced stream A elements, indicated as elements a'B'2 through a'B'5 (step 414).
  • the user starts to see stream B elements immedi ⁇ ately after he or she has selected stream B.
  • the system reads el ⁇ ement pairs aB6 through aB7 (steps 415 through 417).
  • the output device outputs from the buffer high-res stream B elements and, optionally, low-res stream A elements (step 419).
  • the data stream finishes with element pair aB7, and the process ends (step 420).
  • Figures 4, 5a, and 5b may be extended to multiple data streams, multiple selection junctions, or both.
  • the user may make his or her selection at any time, and this selection will be reflected im- mediately, using expanded or reduced output if necessary.
  • the user may also switch back and forth between data streams at any time, including during time frames when an expanded element is being output.
  • the read rate need not necessarily be faster than the output rate.
  • the buffer is pre-loaded before output begins. This may be done at the beginning of the session, or during a nat ⁇ ural break in the video display. This technique allows the output device to use the full consecutive-read bandwidth of the storage device.
  • step 601 the process begins.
  • step 602 the system reads a number of elements from stream A and places them in the buffer. Then, steps 603 and 604 are performed simultaneously.
  • step 603 another stream A element is read and placed in the buffer.
  • step 604 the output device outputs a stream A element that was previously placed in the buffer.
  • step 605 to see if the user has selected stream B. If the user has not selected stream B, and if there are any more stream A elements (step 606), the process loops back to steps 603 and 604. If there are no more stream A elements, the process ends (step 611). If the user selects stream B, the system immediately performs a seek in step 607. The system covers the seek by outputting successive stream A elements from the buffer in step 608 while the seek is in progress. Once the seek is completed, the system proceeds to step 609, where it discards stream A elements from the buffer, as they are no longer needed. Step 609 may be performed before, during, or after step 610.
  • step 610 the system reads and outputs successive stream B elements until stream B is finished; during this step, the system no longer needs to store elements in the buffer. If desired, however, the system may con ⁇ tinue to use the buffer in anticipation of future selection among data streams. Once stream B is finished, the process ends in step 611.
  • timing dia ⁇ grams illustrating an example of the method of Figure 6.
  • the read rate is shown to be the same as the output rate.
  • Figure 7a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure 7b shows the user selecting stream B.
  • the timing diagrams show information in a similar manner as Figures 3a and 3b.
  • the user elects to remain on stream A.
  • the system Prior to time frame 1, the system reads elements Al through A3 and loads them into the buffer (step 602). Then, in each time frame from 1 through 5, the system reads a stream A element and places it in the buffer (step 603), while the output device outputs a previously stored element (step 604). At the end of frame 5, the system has read the last element in the stream, so it stops reading elements. The output device continues outputting ele ⁇ ments A6 through A8 in frames 6 through 8. When stream A is finished, the process ends (step 611).
  • the user selects stream B.
  • the system reads elements Al through A3 and loads them into the buffer (step 602).
  • the system reads a stream A element and places it in the buffer (step 603), while the output device outputs a previously stored element (step 604).
  • the user selects stream B (step 605).
  • the system im ⁇ mediately, in frame 5, performs a seek to access stream B (step 607), while the output device outputs successive stream A elements from the buffer in frames 5 and 6 (step 608).
  • the user's selection is not immedi ⁇ ately reflected in the output, since the system continues to display stream A elements until after the seek is complete.
  • Figures 6, 7a, and 7b may be extended to multiple data streams or multiple selection junctions, or both.
  • One way to imple ⁇ ment multiple junctions would be to pre-load enough elements in step 602 to cover several seeks.
  • the buffer is pre-loaded before output begins, and the read rate need not necessarily be faster than the output rate.
  • the out ⁇ put device may use the full consecutive-read bandwidth of the storage de ⁇ vice.
  • This method differs from that of Figure 6 in that elements from stream B are placed in the buffer in advance of the selection junction. This allows the user's selection to be reflected instantaneously after it is made, but only if the selection is made at a predetermined selection junc ⁇ tion.
  • step 801 the process begins.
  • the system reads a number of elements from stream A and places them in the buffer.
  • steps 806 and 807 are performed simultaneously.
  • the system reads the next element and places it in the buffer.
  • This element may be a stream A element or a stream B element.
  • each element has a tag to indicate which stream it belongs to, and the data is arranged on the storage medium so that a set of stream B elements is located immediately after a set of stream A elements.
  • other techniques may be used to identify the stream to which each element belongs.
  • the output device outputs a stream A element that was previ- ously placed in the buffer.
  • Steps 806 and 807 repeat until the system reaches the selection Junction.
  • the system accepts input from the user specifying the desired stream. The user may supply this input at any time, but in this embodiment, the system does not respond to the selection until the selec ⁇ tion junction is reached.
  • the system checks the input to see which stream was selected. If stream A is selected, the process continues with steps 811 through 812. In step 811 the system discards the stream B elements that were placed in the buffer, as they are not needed.
  • step 812 the system reads and outputs successive stream A elements until stream A is finished. The system no longer needs to store elements in the buffer, but it may do so if desired in anticipation of future selection among data streams. Once stream A is fin ⁇ ished, the process ends in step 817.
  • step 810 stream B is selected
  • the system performs steps 813 and 814, simultaneously with step 815.
  • step 813 it discards the stream A elements that were placed in the buffer, as they are not needed. This may be done before, after, or during step 814.
  • step 814 the system performs a seek to access stream B.
  • step 815 the system outputs the stream B elements from the buffer to cover the seek.
  • step 816 the system reads and outputs successive stream B elements until stream B is finished. Again, the system no longer needs the buffer, but it may use it if desired in anticipation of future selection. Once stream B is finished, the process ends in step 817.
  • timing dia ⁇ grams illustrating an example of the method of Figure 8.
  • the read rate is shown to be the same as the output rate.
  • Figure 9a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure 9b shows the user selecting stream B.
  • the timing diagrams show information in a similar manner as Figures 3a and 3b.
  • the system prior to time frame 1, the system reads elements Al through A3 and loads them into the buffer (step 802). Then, in each of time frames 1 and 2, the system reads a stream A element and places it in the buffer (step 806), while the output device outputs a previ ⁇ ously stored element (step 807). In frames 3 and 4, the system reads ele ⁇ ments B5 and B6, respectively (step 806), since these are the next two el ⁇ ements stored on the storage device, while the output device outputs frames A3 and A4 from the buffer (step 807). At the end of frame 4, the system reaches the selection junction, and is prepared to accept selection input (step 809).
  • the buffer contains elements A5 and B5, and B6 has been read and is ready to be placed in the buffer.
  • the output device outputs element A5 in frame 5 (step 812).
  • Elements B5 and B6 are discarded from the buffer (step 811) at the be ⁇ ginning of frame 6 (although this can be done at any time).
  • the system reads and outputs elements A6 through A8 in successive frames (step 812), until stream A is finished.
  • the example continues as in Figure 9b.
  • the system discards element A5 from the buffer (step 813) in frame 5 (although this can be done at any time).
  • the system immediately performs a seek, in frame 5, to access stream B (step 814).
  • the output device outputs elements B5 and B6 from the buffer in frames 5 and 6 to cover the seek (step 815).
  • the system reads and outputs elements B7 and B8 in successive frames (step 816). until stream B is finished.
  • the technique of Figures 8, 9a, and 9b may be extended to multiple data streams, multiple selection junctions, or both.
  • FIG. 10 there is shown a flowchart of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the buffer is pre-loaded before output begins, and the read rate need not necessarily be faster than the output rate. In this method, how ⁇ ever, the system pre-loads elements from stream B needed to cover the seek. Once the buffer is pre-loaded, it is not accessed until the selection junction is reached; elements of stream A are read and output without ac ⁇ cessing the buffer. If the user selects stream B, the system outputs the pre-loaded elements to cover the seek.
  • step 1001 the process begins.
  • step 1002 the system reads enough stream B elements to cover a seek (or more than one seek, if de- sired), and places them in the buffer. Then, in steps 1003 and 1004, the system reads and outputs successive stream A elements, without using the buffer, until the selection junction is reached.
  • step 1005 accepts input from the user specifying the desired stream.
  • the user may supply this input at any time, but in this embodiment, the system does not respond to the selection until the selection junction is reached.
  • step 1006 the system checks the input to see which stream was selected.
  • step 1007 the system discards the stream B elements that were placed in the buffer, as they are not needed. This may be done before, after, or during step 1008.
  • step 1008 the system reads and outputs successive stream A elements until stream A is finished. Again, the buffer is not needed, but it may be used if desired in anticipa ⁇ tion of future selection. Once stream A is finished, the process ends in step 1012.
  • step 1009 the system performs step 1009 simultaneously with step 1010.
  • step 1009 the system performs a seek to access stream B.
  • step 1010 the output device outputs the pre-loaded stream B elements from the buffer to cover the seek.
  • step 1011 the system reads and outputs successive stream B elements until stream B is finished. Again, the system no longer needs the buffer, but it may use it if desired in anticipation of future selection.
  • stream B is finished, the process ends in step 1012.
  • timing dia ⁇ grams illustrating an example of the method of Figure 10.
  • the read rate is shown to be the same as the output rate.
  • Figure 11a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure l ib shows the user selecting stream B.
  • the timing diagrams show information in a similar manner as Figures 3a and 3b.
  • the output device outputs element A5 in frame 5, and con ⁇ tinues to read and output successive elements A6 through A8 (step 1008), until stream A is finished. At some point, the system discards elements B5 and B6 from the buffer, as they are not needed (step 1007).
  • the example continues as in Figure l ib.
  • the system immediately performs a seek in frame 5 (step 1009), outputting elements B5 and B6 to cover the seek (step 1010). Once the seek is completed, the system reads and outputs frames B7 and B8 in succession (step 1011), until stream B is finished.
  • Figures 10, 11a, and l ib may be extended to mul ⁇ tiple data streams, multiple selection junctions, or both.
  • the user may make his or her selection at any time, but the system will continue on its current data stream until the next selection junction is reached.
  • the methods of Figures 6 and 10 may be combined so that the sys ⁇ tem pre-loads stream B elements for a specific selection junction as in Figure 10, but if the user selects stream B before the junction is reached, the system uses the Figure 6 method.
  • Figure 12 there is shown a flowchart of another preferred embodiment of the present invention. This method does not use seek operations.
  • data is arranged on the storage device in an interleaved fashion, so that elements from all data streams for a given time frame are positioned consecutively.
  • the system reads all of the elements from all of the data streams for that frame, and outputs only the element from the selected data stream.
  • elements from each data stream are alternately placed on the storage device, and the system reads an element from stream A and one from stream B in each frame, outputting only the se ⁇ lected one.
  • step 1201 the process begins.
  • step 1202 the system reads the first element of all of the data streams. Then the system proceeds to step 1203, simultaneously with steps 1204 and 1205.
  • step 1203 the system reads the next element of all of the data streams. While it does this, in step 1204 it determines which data stream is currently selected and in step 1205 the output device outputs the element for the selected data stream which was most recently read. As long as there is more data to be read from the storage device, this loop continues. Once the system is finished with the data, the process ends in step 1207.
  • FIG. 13a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure 13b shows the user selecting stream B.
  • the user elects to remain on stream A.
  • the system reads elements Al and Bl (step 1202).
  • the system outputs the A element for that frame (step 1205) and simultaneously reads the A and B elements for the next frame (step 1203).
  • the user selects stream B.
  • the sys ⁇ tem reads elements Al and Bl (step 1202).
  • the system outputs the respective A elements (step 1205) and reads both A and B elements (step 1203).
  • the user selects stream B.
  • the system responds to this selection by outputting element B3 instead of A3 (step 1205). It still reads both A4 and B4.
  • system outputs successive B elements while reading A and B elements for the next frame.
  • the data stream is read from the storage device faster than it is output, and a buffer is used so that excess data can accumulate over time.
  • the excess is used to cover interleave gaps (i.e., the periods of time when the system is reading non-selected data stream elements) rather than seek operations. This permits interleaving to be used without limiting the out ⁇ put bandwidth to 1/N of the consecutive-read bandwidth.
  • the system does not respond to the user's selection until the buffer contains enough elements to cover interleave gaps.
  • step 1401 the process begins.
  • steps 1406 through 1409 the system reads successive elements from the storage device and places each element in the buffer as it is read. Some elements belong to stream A and some elements belong to stream B. Typically, each element has a tag to indicate which stream it belongs to, and the data is arranged on the stor ⁇ age medium so that a set of stream B elements is located immediately af ⁇ ter a set of stream A elements. Alternatively, other techniques may be used to identify the stream to which each element belongs. If, while the system is reading elements, the buffer becomes full, this is detected in step 1407 and the reading process pauses in step 1408, allowing the out ⁇ put to catch up until the buffer is no longer full. After each element is read, the system checks in step 1409 to see if the selection junction has been reached. If so, the system immediately proceeds to steps 1411 and 1415. If the selection junction has not been reached, the system loops back to step 1406.
  • step 1410 is per ⁇ formed, in which the output device starts to output stream A elements from the buffer. This is done at a rate which is slower than the read rate, so that the system is able to accumulate excess data in the buffer before the selection junction is reached at step 1409.
  • the buffer contains enough elements from stream B to cover gaps caused by interleave.
  • the user may select ei ⁇ ther data stream at any time, and may even switch repeatedly between the streams.
  • steps 1411 through 1414 the system reads successive inter ⁇ leaved elements from the data storage device. The elements alternate be ⁇ tween stream A and stream B. If the buffer is full, this is detected in step 1413 and the reading process pauses in step 1414 to let the output catch up.
  • step 1415 the system determines which data stream has been selected.
  • step 1416 the output device outputs the next element from that data stream from the buffer. This is done at a rate which is slower than the read rate.
  • the non-selected element for the current frame is discarded in step 1417. This loop continues until the data stream is finished. Then the process ends in step 1419.
  • FIGS 15a and 15b there are shown timing dia- grams illustrating an example of the method of Figure 14.
  • Figure 15a shows the user electing to remain on stream A
  • Figure 15b shows the user selecting stream B. then returning to stream A.
  • the timing diagrams show information in a similar manner as Figures 3a and 3b.
  • time frames 1 to 3 the system reads elements Al through A5, placing each element in the buffer. This corresponds to steps 1406 through 1409.
  • elements Al through A3 are output (corresponding to step 1410).
  • the system reads elements B5 and B6 in frames 3 to 4, since these are positioned on the storage medium immediately after elements Al to A5 (continuing steps 1406 through 1409).
  • frames A3 through A4 are being output (step 1410).
  • the selection junction has been reached.
  • the buffer contains elements A5 and B5, and B6 has been read and is ready to be placed in the buffer.
  • there is sufficient data in the buffer to cover gaps caused by interleaving streams A and B.
  • Figure 15b shows the user selecting stream B during frame 5.
  • elements A6, B7, and A7 are read during frames 5 and 6, ele- ment A5 is output in frame 5, and element B5 is discarded.
  • the output device begins outputting stream B el ⁇ ements instead of stream A elements.
  • element B6 is output (step 1416) and A6 is discarded (step 1417), and in frame 7, ele ⁇ ment B7 is output and A7 is discarded.
  • the buffer no longer contains enough data to cover interleave gaps, so the system is forced to return to stream A in frame 8, to begin the process again.
  • frame 7 is analogous to frame 1.
  • Figures 14, 15a, and 15b may be extended to mul ⁇ tiple data streams, multiple selection junctions, or both.
  • the user may make his or her selection at any time, but the system will continue on its current data stream until the next selection junction is reached.
  • Selec ⁇ tions made during the period in which there is sufficient data in the buffer to cover interleave gaps (frames 5 through 6 in the example) will be re ⁇ flected immediately, and the user may switch repeatedly among data paths during this period.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)

Abstract

Système et procédé de sélection et de commutation parmi des flux de données séquentiels multiples, qui fonctionnent sans interruption des sorties. Des éléments des flux de données sont stockés dans une mémoire intermédiaire pour couvrir les périodes de recherche en cas de commutation parmi les flux de données, ou pour couvrir des intervalles d'imbrication dans des réalisations faisant appel à des techniques d'imbrication. D'autres réalisations font appel à d'autres techniques pour charger la mémoire intermédiaire.
PCT/US1993/005780 1992-08-10 1993-06-16 Systeme et procede de selection parmi des flux de donnees multiples WO1994003851A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93916578A EP0654157A1 (fr) 1992-08-10 1993-06-16 Systeme et procede de selection parmi des flux de donnees multiples
AU46380/93A AU4638093A (en) 1992-08-10 1993-06-16 System and method of selecting among multiple data streams
JP6505286A JPH08504283A (ja) 1992-08-10 1993-06-16 複数のデータ・ストリームの間で選択を行うシステム、及び方法

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US92734992A 1992-08-10 1992-08-10
US07/927,349 1992-08-10

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WO1994003851A1 true WO1994003851A1 (fr) 1994-02-17

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EP0695094A3 (fr) * 1994-07-22 1997-06-18 Hewlett Packard Co Système de décompression pour données vidéo comprimées sans interruption de données sur la sortie vidéo
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US5861881A (en) * 1991-11-25 1999-01-19 Actv, Inc. Interactive computer system for providing an interactive presentation with personalized video, audio and graphics responses for multiple viewers
EP0609054A3 (en) * 1993-01-25 1996-04-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method and apparatus for recording or reproducing video data on or from storage media.
EP0609054A2 (fr) * 1993-01-25 1994-08-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil pour enregistrer ou reproduire des données vidéo sur ou à partir des milieux de mémoires
US5815146A (en) * 1994-06-30 1998-09-29 Hewlett-Packard Company Video on demand system with multiple data sources configured to provide VCR-like services
EP0698999A3 (fr) * 1994-06-30 1996-03-06 Hewlett-Packard Company Système de serveur vidéo
US5606359A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-02-25 Hewlett-Packard Company Video on demand system with multiple data sources configured to provide vcr-like services
EP0695094A3 (fr) * 1994-07-22 1997-06-18 Hewlett Packard Co Système de décompression pour données vidéo comprimées sans interruption de données sur la sortie vidéo
EP0880140B1 (fr) * 1995-02-22 2010-07-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Méthode de reproduction de données et appareil de reproduction de données
EP0880140A2 (fr) 1995-02-22 1998-11-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Méthode d'enregistrement de données, milieu d'enregistrement de données, méthode de reproduction de données et appareil de reproduction de données
WO1997006531A1 (fr) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-20 Sony Corporation Support d'informations, dispositif de lecture et dispositif de realisation du support d'informations et procede de transmission d'informations d'images
EP0777228A3 (fr) * 1995-12-01 1997-10-22 Symbios Logic Inc Appareil de stockage/transfer de données et méthode
WO1997021220A1 (fr) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Cinax Designs Inc. Procede et appareil de raccordement continu de flux de donnees numeriques
EP1168344A2 (fr) * 1995-12-08 2002-01-02 Sony Corporation Appareil et méthodes d'enregistrement et de reproduction
EP1168344A3 (fr) * 1995-12-08 2005-08-03 Sony Corporation Appareil et méthodes d'enregistrement et de reproduction
EP0814475A1 (fr) * 1996-01-08 1997-12-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Support d'enregistrement de donnees, procede d'enregistrement et dispositif de reproduction
US6360055B1 (en) 1996-01-08 2002-03-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Information storage medium, recording method used therefor and reproducing apparatus
EP0814475A4 (fr) * 1996-01-08 2000-05-17 Toshiba Kk Support d'enregistrement de donnees, procede d'enregistrement et dispositif de reproduction
US6175681B1 (en) 1996-01-08 2001-01-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Information storage medium, recording method used therefor, and reproducing apparatus
US6181869B1 (en) 1996-01-08 2001-01-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Information storage medium, recording method used therefor and reproducing apparatus
US6222982B1 (en) 1996-01-08 2001-04-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Information storage medium containing multi-scene programming and a reproducing apparatus
US6298195B1 (en) 1996-01-08 2001-10-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Information storage medium, recording method used therefor and reproducing apparatus
EP0823114A1 (fr) * 1996-02-21 1998-02-11 Time Warner Entertainment Co., L.P. Procede d'imbrication de donnees permettant la lecture continue de differentes versions d'un meme programme avec un materiel commun
EP0823114A4 (fr) * 1996-02-21 1998-11-18 Time Warner Entertainm Co Lp Procede d'imbrication de donnees permettant la lecture continue de differentes versions d'un meme programme avec un materiel commun
EP0797201A2 (fr) * 1996-03-18 1997-09-24 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Milieu d'enregistrement des informations, appareil d'enregistrement sur ceci et appareil de reproduction de ceci
EP0797201A3 (fr) * 1996-03-18 1998-11-18 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Milieu d'enregistrement des informations, appareil d'enregistrement sur ceci et appareil de reproduction de ceci
US5945931A (en) * 1996-12-16 1999-08-31 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for decoding digital signal and apparatus for reproducing digital signal
EP0848556A1 (fr) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-17 Sony Corporation Méthode et dispositif de décodage et reproduction de signaux vidéo et de parole numériques en continu
EP1267352A2 (fr) * 2001-06-14 2002-12-18 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Support d'enregistrement d'informations contenant de l'information préchargée, dispositif et procédé pour reproduire cela
EP1267352A3 (fr) * 2001-06-14 2004-10-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Support d'enregistrement d'informations contenant de l'information préchargée, dispositif et procédé pour reproduire cela
EP1411521A1 (fr) 2002-10-15 2004-04-21 Sony Corporation Dispositif de traitement de données, procédé de traitement de données et programme
US7689094B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2010-03-30 Sony Corporation Data processing apparatus, data processing method, and program
WO2005031737A1 (fr) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-07 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Gestion de memoire cache permettant d'ameliorer les performances de lecture speciale
US8943228B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2015-01-27 Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh Peripheral interface, data stream, and data transfer method

Also Published As

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JPH08504283A (ja) 1996-05-07
EP0654157A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
CA2141607A1 (fr) 1994-02-17
AU4638093A (en) 1994-03-03

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