WO1994001294A1 - Road gritting system for road vehicles - Google Patents

Road gritting system for road vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994001294A1
WO1994001294A1 PCT/GB1993/001416 GB9301416W WO9401294A1 WO 1994001294 A1 WO1994001294 A1 WO 1994001294A1 GB 9301416 W GB9301416 W GB 9301416W WO 9401294 A1 WO9401294 A1 WO 9401294A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
road
grit
vehicle
delivery
gritting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1993/001416
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Roger William Maser
Original Assignee
Roger William Maser
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB929214352A external-priority patent/GB9214352D0/en
Application filed by Roger William Maser filed Critical Roger William Maser
Priority to AU45102/93A priority Critical patent/AU4510293A/en
Publication of WO1994001294A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994001294A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B39/00—Increasing wheel adhesion
    • B60B39/02—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels
    • B60B39/021—Details of the dispensing device
    • B60B39/024—Details of the dispensing device related to preconditioning of the dispensing materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B39/00—Increasing wheel adhesion
    • B60B39/02—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels
    • B60B39/04—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand
    • B60B39/08—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand the dispensing being effected by fluid means
    • B60B39/086—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand the dispensing being effected by fluid means dispensing being effected by gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a road gritting system for road vehicles for use in response to icy conditions.
  • the conventional road gritting vehicles are generally trucks, each having a distributor chute to scatter the grit over the full width of the road surface behind the truck as it travels along.
  • This system is, however, only of limited effectiveness.
  • the patchy distribution of the fallen grit, the inevitable delays in its laying and the limitations on the number and nature of roads that can be so treated are all profound drawbacks of the existing system.
  • a road gritting system for road vehicles which comprises:
  • One or more grit containers adapted to be fitted to a vehicle; and a respective delivery line extending from the or each grit container each line adapted to deliver the grit directly into the path of a respective road wheel or closely mounted group of road wheels of the vehicle, in use.
  • the system is provided with a pneumatic pump, which is suitably a compressor, to pump the grit from the grit container.
  • a pneumatic pump which is suitably a compressor, to pump the grit from the grit container.
  • each delivery pipe which delivers grit into the path of a road wheel which is steered as the vehicle is driven is also steerable so that it may remain in the path of the respective steered road wheel.
  • the delivery pipe tracks the central treads of the wheel's tyre.
  • the system further comprises an activating mechanism which is adapted to open an outlet valve of the grit container and/or switch on said pneumatic pump, where such a pump is provided, to enable delivery of the grit from the grit container via the delivery pipes automatically when the vehicle's brakes are applied.
  • This mechanism suitably also is adapted to enable delivery of the grit to the road surface before the operation of the brakes takes effect.
  • the system comprises one grit box over each road wheel or each closely mounted group of road wheels.
  • the or each grit container has a gravity fed delivery outlet in addition to a pumped delivery outlet.
  • the gravity fed delivery outlet may have a delivery metering device.
  • Such device may be rotary and operated by a transmission shaft linked to a transmission shaft or axle of the vehicle.
  • a vehicle to which a system of the first aspect of the present invention has been fitted.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the road wheels and transmission of a rear wheel drive vehicle to which the preferred embodiment of road gritting system has been fitted;
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation view of that part of the system fitted over the right hand rear wheel of the vehicle shown in figure 1.
  • this illustrates certain primary components of a motor vehicle, include the engine 1, the drive shaft 2 and rear wheel axles 3, in addition to all four road wheels 4a-d.
  • the gritting system which comprises a set of 4 grit-storing containers 5a-d each mounted above a respective road wheel 4a-d.
  • Each container 5a-d has a delivery outlet 6a-d.
  • a compressor 7 forms part of the gritting system and serves to provide a high rate of forced grit delivery when required and is also of use in cleaning out the system.
  • the compressor 7 has a pressure outlet manifold comprising a plurality of pressure supply pipes 8 each of which extends to the rear end of one of the grit storage containers 5a-d and is fitted to a respective inlet nozzle 9a-d of each respective container 5a-d.
  • this inlet nozzte.9a- d is provided at the upper end of the container 5b on a level with the outlet noz l 6a-d to enable the air flow from the compressor 7 to pick up grit from the surface of the stored supply to thereby transfer it out through the outlet 6b and into a delivery pipe 10 b.
  • the delivery pipe 10 extends downwardly toward the wheel over which the container 5 is mounted and joins at a juncture 14 with a further delivery pipe which extends downwardly from a gravitational outlet 11 in the base of the container 5b .
  • the portion 12 of the delivery pipe 10 below the juncture 14 terminates in an outlet portion 13 which is directed toward the wheel 4b.
  • This outlet portion 13 may be coupled to the lower end of the delivery pipe 12 such as to swivel in order to track the movement of the wheel 4b as it is steered.
  • a mechanical linkage may be provided between outlet portion 13 and the wheel 4b or other structures which move with the wheel 4b to achieve this.
  • this is provided with an outlet valve 21 and a metering device 15 to control the rate of gravitation flow there- from.
  • the metering device 15 comprises an operatively rotating wheel 15 having radial apertures through which the grit may fall to exit through the outlet 11.
  • the metering device and outlet valve 21 may, however, be one and the same item.
  • the wheel 15 is rotated by a transmission shaft 20 selectively disengagably linked to the wheel axle 3 via a gear box 18 on the axle.
  • a universal joint 16 and a longitudinal sliding spline joint 17 are provided to allow for relative movement of the vehicle's suspension when the gritting system is mounted to the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the system of the present invention will be factory-fitted to vehicles ranging across the spectrum from large commercial lorries or trucks down to the smallest of private cars.
  • the enhancement in safety provided by this system merits its fitment as a standard facility. Notwithstanding this, for many designs of vehicle the system may be implemented without great difficulty as a post-production upgrade.
  • Operation of the system begins with the filling of the grit containers 5a-d with grit in a dry friable condition through a suitable opening provided in the container 5a-d.
  • each container 5a-d may be fitted with a removable lid 19 for this purpose. It is, however, important that the lid 19 has a substantially air-tight seal to facilitate the pumped delivery of grit when the system is operational.
  • the gritting system is provided with manual switch control of heating elements in the grit containers to ensure that the grit is kept in a friable condition this heating system should be switched on either prior to or shortly after beginning the journey.
  • the icy conditions are particularly serious and an instantaneous thick blast of grit upon the road surface is required then the compressor 7 should be activated also.
  • the grit is sufficiently friable that it may be lifted by the through flowing air and forced down through the delivery pipe 10. Accordingly, it may be appropriate to heat the air passing from the compressor into the containers 5a-d by a special electrical heater or through use of air heated by the car's engine.
  • Activation control of the system is most suitably effected through use of electrical switching provided on the vehicle's dashboard.
  • the system may be automatically responsive to implementation of the brake levers or pedals to effect delivery of grit into the paths of the wheels 4a-d prior to the brakes taking full effect.
  • a primer switch should be provided to give the driver overall on- off control of the gritting system.
  • a switching system to control the operation of the metering device 15 and gravitational outlet valve 21 may be provided. This system may also control the operational output of the compressor 7.
  • the system may also be temperature-responsive to activate the heaters and/or the priming for grit delivery in response to brakes actuation.
  • system is adapted to any road going vehicle with appropriate adjustments in capacity in shape and configuration of the elements of the system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

The hazard of icy roads in winter is a serious problem for which little safety provision is currently made for the driver. To counter this problem the applicant proposes a road gritting system for road vehicles which comprises one or more grit containers (5a-5d) which are operatively fitted to the vehicle with delivery lines (6a-6d) extending therefrom, each line being adapted to deliver the grit directly into the path of the respective road wheel (4a-4d) of the vehicle when activated in response to the presence of ice on the road way.

Description

ROAD GRITTING SYSTEM FOR ROAD VEHICLES
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a road gritting system for road vehicles for use in response to icy conditions.
Background to the Invention
The presence of ice or snow on roads represents one of the greatest natural hazards to road vehicles. Irrespective of any advanced road holding characteristics of the vehicle and its tyres ,or skill of the driver, when the wheels of a road vehicle come into contact with ice or snow at anything other than crawling pace the grip between the road wheels and the road is frequently lost, albeit only temporarily in some cases, but potentially with dire consequences. To those who have experienced spins on black ice in winter the feeling of helplessness can be quite traumatic.
Currently existing measures to minimise the risk of accidents during icy conditions are woefully inadequate. These include meteorological reports to drivers via broadcasting media and road-side or in-car temperature gauges to warn of the likelihood of ice formation to enable drivers to reduce their speed accordingly.
Where ice and snow exist already upon road surfaces , or it is strongly predicted, many councils throughout the UK provide a service of gritting the major roadways with sand, salt or other gritty paniculate materials (which will hereinafter be referred to as grit). This improves frictional grip between the road tyres and the ice or snow-covered road surface in addition to lowering the freezing point of the ice or snow, accelerating melting of the ice or snow under the passage of the wheels of following vehicles.
The conventional road gritting vehicles are generally trucks, each having a distributor chute to scatter the grit over the full width of the road surface behind the truck as it travels along. This system is, however, only of limited effectiveness. The patchy distribution of the fallen grit, the inevitable delays in its laying and the limitations on the number and nature of roads that can be so treated are all profound drawbacks of the existing system.
It is a general objective of the present invention to provide a system to overcome these drawbacks and provide far greater security to the driver irrespective of where he may be when he encounters ice or snow on the roadway.
Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a road gritting system for road vehicles which comprises:
One or more grit containers adapted to be fitted to a vehicle; and a respective delivery line extending from the or each grit container each line adapted to deliver the grit directly into the path of a respective road wheel or closely mounted group of road wheels of the vehicle, in use.
Preferably the system is provided with a pneumatic pump, which is suitably a compressor, to pump the grit from the grit container.
Advantageously each delivery pipe which delivers grit into the path of a road wheel which is steered as the vehicle is driven is also steerable so that it may remain in the path of the respective steered road wheel. Most suitably the delivery pipe tracks the central treads of the wheel's tyre.
Preferably the system further comprises an activating mechanism which is adapted to open an outlet valve of the grit container and/or switch on said pneumatic pump, where such a pump is provided, to enable delivery of the grit from the grit container via the delivery pipes automatically when the vehicle's brakes are applied. This mechanism suitably also is adapted to enable delivery of the grit to the road surface before the operation of the brakes takes effect.
In a particularly preferred configuration the system comprises one grit box over each road wheel or each closely mounted group of road wheels.
Preferably the or each grit container has a gravity fed delivery outlet in addition to a pumped delivery outlet. The gravity fed delivery outlet may have a delivery metering device. Such device may be rotary and operated by a transmission shaft linked to a transmission shaft or axle of the vehicle.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a vehicle to which a system of the first aspect of the present invention has been fitted.
Brief Description of the Drawings
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be more particularly described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the road wheels and transmission of a rear wheel drive vehicle to which the preferred embodiment of road gritting system has been fitted; and
Figure 2 is a side elevation view of that part of the system fitted over the right hand rear wheel of the vehicle shown in figure 1.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to figure 1, this illustrates certain primary components of a motor vehicle, include the engine 1, the drive shaft 2 and rear wheel axles 3, in addition to all four road wheels 4a-d.
Atop the road wheels 4a-d and transmission 1,2,3 of the vehicle is mounted the gritting system which comprises a set of 4 grit-storing containers 5a-d each mounted above a respective road wheel 4a-d. Each container 5a-d has a delivery outlet 6a-d.
A compressor 7 forms part of the gritting system and serves to provide a high rate of forced grit delivery when required and is also of use in cleaning out the system.
The compressor 7 has a pressure outlet manifold comprising a plurality of pressure supply pipes 8 each of which extends to the rear end of one of the grit storage containers 5a-d and is fitted to a respective inlet nozzle 9a-d of each respective container 5a-d. As illustrated in figure 2, this inlet nozzte.9a- d is provided at the upper end of the container 5b on a level with the outlet noz l 6a-d to enable the air flow from the compressor 7 to pick up grit from the surface of the stored supply to thereby transfer it out through the outlet 6b and into a delivery pipe 10 b.
The delivery pipe 10 extends downwardly toward the wheel over which the container 5 is mounted and joins at a juncture 14 with a further delivery pipe which extends downwardly from a gravitational outlet 11 in the base of the container 5b . The portion 12 of the delivery pipe 10 below the juncture 14 terminates in an outlet portion 13 which is directed toward the wheel 4b. This outlet portion 13 may be coupled to the lower end of the delivery pipe 12 such as to swivel in order to track the movement of the wheel 4b as it is steered. A mechanical linkage may be provided between outlet portion 13 and the wheel 4b or other structures which move with the wheel 4b to achieve this.
With respect to the gravitational outlet 11, this is provided with an outlet valve 21 and a metering device 15 to control the rate of gravitation flow there- from. The metering device 15 comprises an operatively rotating wheel 15 having radial apertures through which the grit may fall to exit through the outlet 11. The metering device and outlet valve 21 may, however, be one and the same item.
The wheel 15 is rotated by a transmission shaft 20 selectively disengagably linked to the wheel axle 3 via a gear box 18 on the axle. A universal joint 16 and a longitudinal sliding spline joint 17 are provided to allow for relative movement of the vehicle's suspension when the gritting system is mounted to the chassis of the vehicle.
By fitting the gritting system to the chassis of the vehicle, rather than to the suspension,use of rigid steel, or other metal/alloy, ducts rather than flexible rubber or plastic tubes for the pressure supply pipes 8, and much if not all of the delivery pipe 10,is made particularly practical.
It is envisaged that the system of the present invention will be factory-fitted to vehicles ranging across the spectrum from large commercial lorries or trucks down to the smallest of private cars. In those countries of the world where icy conditions are present the enhancement in safety provided by this system merits its fitment as a standard facility. Notwithstanding this, for many designs of vehicle the system may be implemented without great difficulty as a post-production upgrade.
Operation of the system begins with the filling of the grit containers 5a-d with grit in a dry friable condition through a suitable opening provided in the container 5a-d. As illustrated in figure 2, each container 5a-d may be fitted with a removable lid 19 for this purpose. It is, however, important that the lid 19 has a substantially air-tight seal to facilitate the pumped delivery of grit when the system is operational.
In order that a ready supply of grit is available for use wherever the driver may happen to be it is appropriate that stores be provided at regular intervals along roadways. However, it is intended that through efficient economical usage of the system the capacity of the grit containers carried by the vehicle will be sufficient for several long distance journeys in winter.
Prior to setting out on a journey during icy winter conditions the driver should check that he has adequate grit supplies just as he would check, for example, the water supply in his windscreen wipers and the oil in his engine.
Where the gritting system is provided with manual switch control of heating elements in the grit containers to ensure that the grit is kept in a friable condition this heating system should be switched on either prior to or shortly after beginning the journey.
While driving along and when recognising ice or snow upon the roadway the driver should activate the delivery of grit from the gritting system, releasing grit from the base of the grit containers 5a-d through the gravitational outlets 11 by opening of the valves 21. The icy conditions are particularly serious and an instantaneous thick blast of grit upon the road surface is required then the compressor 7 should be activated also.
It is particularly important that the grit is sufficiently friable that it may be lifted by the through flowing air and forced down through the delivery pipe 10. Accordingly, it may be appropriate to heat the air passing from the compressor into the containers 5a-d by a special electrical heater or through use of air heated by the car's engine.
Activation control of the system is most suitably effected through use of electrical switching provided on the vehicle's dashboard.
For rapid response to braking under icy conditions the system may be automatically responsive to implementation of the brake levers or pedals to effect delivery of grit into the paths of the wheels 4a-d prior to the brakes taking full effect. Where an automatic activation system is provided in response to braking of the vehicle a primer switch should be provided to give the driver overall on- off control of the gritting system.
For maximum operational control of the rate of output of grit a switching system to control the operation of the metering device 15 and gravitational outlet valve 21 may be provided. This system may also control the operational output of the compressor 7.
The system may also be temperature-responsive to activate the heaters and/or the priming for grit delivery in response to brakes actuation.
From the above it will be appreciated that the present invention has significant potential to greatly improve the standards of vehicle safety under wintery conditions. Although the invention has been described with primarily with respect to one preferred embodiment numerous alternative embodiments are conceivable within the scope thereof.
It will also be appreciated that the system is adapted to any road going vehicle with appropriate adjustments in capacity in shape and configuration of the elements of the system.

Claims

Claims
1. A road gritting system for road vehicles which comprises:
one or more grit containers adapted to be fitted to a vehicle; and a delivery line extending from the or each grit container, each line adapted to deliver the grit directly into the path of a respective road wheel or closely mounted group of road wheels of the vehicle, in use.
2. A system as claimed in Claim 1, which comprises a pneumatic pump to pump the grit from the grit container.
3. A system as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein each delivery pipe which delivers grit into the path of a road wheel or closely mounted group of road wheels which is/are steered as the vehicle is driven is also steerable so that it may remain in the path of the respective steered road wheel(s).
4. A system as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the system further comprises an activating mechanism which is adapted to open an outlet valve of the grit container and/or switch on said pneumatic pump, where such a pump is provided, to enable delivery of the grit from the grit container via the delivery pipe automatically when the vehicle's brakes are applied.
5. A system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the activating mechanism is adapted to enable delivery of the grit to the road surface prior to the operation of the brakes taking effect.
6. A system as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the or each grit container has a gravity fed delivery outlet in addition to a pumped delivery outlet.
7. A system as claimed in Claim 6, wherein one or both outlets has a delivery metering device. _ _
8. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a respective grit box is provided to be mounted, in use, over each road wheel or each said closely mounted set of road wheels.
9. A road vehicle incorporating a road gritting system as claimed in any preceding claim.
10. A road gritting system substantially as herein-before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
PCT/GB1993/001416 1992-07-06 1993-07-06 Road gritting system for road vehicles WO1994001294A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU45102/93A AU4510293A (en) 1992-07-06 1993-07-06 Road gritting system for road vehicles

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9214352.8 1992-07-06
GB929214352A GB9214352D0 (en) 1992-07-06 1992-07-06 Safety sanding device for road vehicles
GB9312435A GB2268459A (en) 1992-07-06 1993-06-16 Road gritting system for road vehicles
GB9312435.2 1993-06-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994001294A1 true WO1994001294A1 (en) 1994-01-20

Family

ID=26301211

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1993/001416 WO1994001294A1 (en) 1992-07-06 1993-07-06 Road gritting system for road vehicles

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU4510293A (en)
GB (1) GB2268459A (en)
WO (1) WO1994001294A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011077521A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Increasing the frictional force between a wheel of a road vehicle and a road

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2809389A1 (en) * 1978-03-04 1979-09-06 Otto Einert Non clogging valve for vehicle gritting attachment - has inverted bell shaped bottom cover and rotating servo drive for cap
DE3300941A1 (en) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-19 Klaus 8860 Nördlingen Fertl Gritting system for motor vehicles
DE8908544U1 (en) * 1989-07-13 1989-09-28 Arno Weigel + Schlueter Gmbh, 3501 Edermuende, De
EP0378066A1 (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-07-18 Norbert Goldmann Sanding device
DE4004038A1 (en) * 1990-02-10 1991-08-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Road vehicle wheel adhesion increasing device - uses microprocessor supplied with detected wheel rotation rates and monitored vehicle parameters

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB301150A (en) * 1927-09-28 1928-11-29 Alexander Alexandrovich Postni Improvements relating to sanding and like appliances for use on motor vehicles
GB388059A (en) * 1931-08-11 1933-02-13 William Joseph Butler Improvements in and relating to means for preventing the skidding of vehicles
GB478352A (en) * 1936-06-15 1938-01-17 Harry Talbot Improvements relating to means for distributing sand or the like on road or like surfaces
GB488576A (en) * 1937-01-11 1938-07-11 Courtney Clarke Whitling Improvements in and relating to vehicle sanding and like appliances
GB1387451A (en) * 1972-02-11 1975-03-19 British Railways Board Sanding apparatus
US3888524A (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-06-10 Poy Lee Winter emergency brake system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2809389A1 (en) * 1978-03-04 1979-09-06 Otto Einert Non clogging valve for vehicle gritting attachment - has inverted bell shaped bottom cover and rotating servo drive for cap
DE3300941A1 (en) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-19 Klaus 8860 Nördlingen Fertl Gritting system for motor vehicles
EP0378066A1 (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-07-18 Norbert Goldmann Sanding device
DE8908544U1 (en) * 1989-07-13 1989-09-28 Arno Weigel + Schlueter Gmbh, 3501 Edermuende, De
DE4004038A1 (en) * 1990-02-10 1991-08-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Road vehicle wheel adhesion increasing device - uses microprocessor supplied with detected wheel rotation rates and monitored vehicle parameters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2268459A (en) 1994-01-12
GB9312435D0 (en) 1993-07-28
AU4510293A (en) 1994-01-31

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