Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
  • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
  • B03B9/062—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial the refuse being glass
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
  • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
  • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
  • B03B5/32—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
  • C09K11/01—Recovery of luminescent materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B43/00—Obtaining mercury
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
  • H01J9/52—Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/60—Glass recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for recycling fluorescent lamps, high-pressure discharge lamps and thermometers according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for carrying out the method.
• Discharge lamps and thermometers mainly contain mercury as an environmentally relevant element. Burned-out discharge lamps and inoperable thermometers are therefore classified as hazardous waste and disposed of either in hazardous waste landfills or with the aid of recycling processes. Mercury, which is contained in almost all discharge lamps and thermometers, is a problem in disposal due to its particular environmental impact. Methods for recycling discharge lamps endeavor to disassemble the lamps to reduce their volume and to separate or partially separate the mercury from the lamp components.
• a disadvantage of this process is that mercury transferred into the liquid is not removed from it again. This results in contamination of the screen fractions, the phosphor and the liquid with mercury. Furthermore, the mercury-containing phosphor is not separated into mercury and phosphor. The problem of disposal of the mercury is not solved, but only shifted.
• the known wet processes for recycling discharge lamps do not succeed in separating the mercury and the phosphor from the solid lamp components and furthermore separating the mercury and the phosphor.
• the invention has for its object to provide a wet process and a device for recycling fluorescent lamps, high pressure discharge lamps, thermometers and their breakage, such that the components of the objects mentioned te are essentially completely freed of mercury and a separation of mercury, phosphor and washing liquid is effected.
• this object is achieved in that the solid, liquid and gaseous lamp components are brought into intimate contact with a washing liquid containing a chemical reducing agent.
• the washing liquid with emulsified and suspended lamp contents is then processed in a centrifuge in which there is a sparingly water-soluble liquid with density values greater than / equal to the density of the phosphor and less than / equal to the density of mercury, centrifuged.
• Mercury, fluorescent material and cleaned washing liquid are removed from the centrifuge separately.
• the solution according to the invention brings about an essentially complete detachment of the mercury from the lamp components or thermometer residues and a separation of mercury, phosphor and washing liquid. As a result, the parts and substances mentioned are available for recycling in the material cycle.
• the coagulated mercury and the suspended phosphor are separated from the washing liquid in a centrifuge, in which a sparingly water-soluble liquid with density values is essentially between the density of the phosphor and the density of the mercury.
• a sparingly water-soluble liquid with density values is essentially between the density of the phosphor and the density of the mercury.
• the mercury is withdrawn from the centrifuge.
• the phosphor accumulates on the inner jacket of the hollow cylinder made of high-density liquid and is removed from there by means of a screw.
• the remaining small proportion present in ammonomic form and / or chemically dissolved mercury is either fed to the coagulation by lowering the temperature of the washing solution or is deposited cathodically in an electrolytic cell.
• the electrolysis is designed for the separation of low ion concentrations in order to remove as much of the small amounts of mercury that are still present from the washing liquid.
• the washing liquid cleaned in this way is circulated.
• low-homologous alkanols in particular acetaldehyde and / or keto acids with 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, for example pyruvic acid
• the reducing agents are homogeneously distributed in the washing liquid with a volume concentration between 0.5 and 10 percent, in particular 1 percent.
• the device for carrying out the method consists of an input unit, a hermetically sealed chamber, a conveying element, a decanter centrifuge, a sieve device and an electrolysis cell.
• the solid constituent phosphor is discharged with the built-in screw on the inner jacket of the hollow cylinder of the liquid with high density.
• the liquid components mercury and washing liquid are discharged above or below the hollow cylinder separately via sluices from the decanter centrifuge.
• FIG. 2 the device according to the invention in which the
• the input unit 1 for example a screw 1 conveys the fluorescent lamps, high-pressure discharge lamps, thermometers and their breakage through the input lock 2 into the comminution tool 3.
• the comminution tool 3 is in a hermetic table sealed chamber 16 arranged.
• showers 4 arranged on the ceiling of the chamber 16, which sweep over each existing spatial element of the chamber 16, ensure an intimate mixing of the washing liquid 6 with the material 8 to be processed and with gaseous components (not shown). Washing liquid 6 and material 8 to be processed collect in the sump area 7.
• a screw conveyor " 5 conveys the processed material 8 into the screening drum 9.
• the phosphor is separated from the breaking material 8 by means of a pressure jet of the washing liquid 6 emerging from rinsing nozzles 10.
• the screening drum 9 fractionates the broken material 8, which corresponds to it Coarseness of receptacles 18 is recorded.
• the decanter centrifuge 11 continuously absorbs washing liquid 6 containing mercury and phosphor.
• the rotational speed of the decanter centrifuge 11 is, for example, 5000 revolutions per minute.
• the decanter centrifuge there is a sparingly water-soluble liquid which has a density which lies between the density of the phosphor and that of the mercury.
• the phosphor can this liquid, which is in the decanter centrifuge 11 as a hollow cylinder 12 lying against the outer wall, do not penetrate. This penetration only creates the mercury.
• a screw 13 runs axially within the decanter centrifuge 11 with a slight difference to the rotational speed of the decanter centrifuge 11.
• the difference in the rotational speeds is, for example, 20 revolutions per minute.
• the washing liquid 6 and the phosphor are forced into the conically tapered part of the centrifuge.
• the phosphor accumulates with increasing strength in the conically tapered part of the decanter centrifuge 11, while washing liquid 6 is pushed back into the cylindrical part of the decanter centrifuge 11. Solidified phosphor is removed from the end of the conically tapered part of the decanter centrifuge 11 and taken up by a collecting container 14.
• Rinsing nozzles 20 rinse the phosphor with washing liquid 6 within the decanter centrifuge 11.
• Washing liquid 6 flows continuously from the decanter centrifuge 11 into an electrolysis cell 17.
• lamp constituents which are chemically dissolved in the washing liquid 6 are separated off at the electrodes. the.
• a pump 15 returns the cleaned washing liquid 6 with pressure to the showers 4, the rinsing nozzles 10 and the rinsing nozzles 20.
• the fluorescent lamps, high-pressure discharge lamps, thermometers and their breakage are conveyed by the input unit 1 through an inlet lock 2 into the chamber 16 filled with washing liquid 6.
• the material 8 to be processed is immersed in batches at least 100 mm in the washing liquid 6 by means of a hold-down device 21.
• the slider 22 conveys the material 8 to be processed transversely to the input direction into the comminution tool 3 in the immersed state.
• the comminution tool 3 here a grinder, carries out the destruction of the material 8 to be processed. This results in the intimate mixing of all solid, liquid and gaseous lamp constituents with the washing liquid 6.
• the reducing agent in the washing liquid 6 causes the finely divided mercury to coagulate into larger spheres.
• the remaining material 8 to be processed is finely ground in the grinder 3 in such a way that no cavities remain in which the washing liquid 6 containing mercury can be carried over.
• the pump 23 conveys the suspension / emulsion of washing liquid 6, ground material 8, coagulated mercury and phosphor into the sieve drum 9.
• the washing liquid 6 with phosphor and coagulated mercury is separated from the coarse ground material 8.
• the washing liquid 6 with phosphor and coagulated mercury flows into a decanter centrifuge 11.
• a centrifugal acceleration greater than 1 g is built up, which the. Separation of the washing liquid 6 causes. Due to the centrifugal acceleration, a hollow cylinder 12 lying against the outer wall of liquid with a density, for example, greater than 2.9 g / cm 3 is formed in the decanter centrifuge 11.
• the centrifugal force in the decanter centrifuge 11 alone drives the coagulated mercury balls through the phase boundary of the washing liquid 6 / hollow cylinder 12.
• the coagulated mercury is thus separated from all other material and is removed from the decanter centrifuge 11 via a lock.
• a screw 13 runs axially within the decanter centrifuge 11 with a slight difference to the speed of the decanter centrifuge 11.
• the difference in speed is, for example, 30 revolutions per minute.
• fluorescent material is pushed from the inner jacket of the hollow cylinder 12 into the conically tapered part of the centrifuge.
• Rinsing nozzles 20 rinse the phosphor with washing liquid 6.
• the washing liquid 6 and the phosphor are separated.
• the phosphor falls into the collecting container 14, the washing liquid 6 is pumped through an electrolysis cell 17.
• the coarsely ground material is rinsed free of adhering phosphor and mercury in the sieve drum 9 and filled into the collecting container 18.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6437440

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (3)

• 1991
  • 1991-07-29 DE DE19914125417 patent/DE4125417C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1992
  • 1992-07-29 EP EP92916326A patent/EP0595972A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1992-07-29 WO PCT/DE1992/000633 patent/WO1993002799A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events