Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
  • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
  • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
  • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F1/18—Perforating by slitting, i.e. forming cuts closed at their ends without removal of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
  • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
  • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
  • B65D41/3423—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
  • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
  • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
  • B65D41/3423—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt
  • B65D41/3428—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F2210/00—Perforating, punching, cutting-out, stamping-out, severing by means other than cutting of specific products
  • B26F2210/04—Making plastic pilferproof screw caps by cutting a tamper ring
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
  • B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure
  • B65D2401/30—Tamper-ring remaining connected to closure after initial removal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
  • B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure
  • B65D2401/35—Vertical or axial lines of weakness

Definitions

• the invention relates to a plastic closure for containers according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production according to the preamble of claim 13; and finally a device for producing a plastic closure with a guarantee ring with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 16.
• closures which are used to close any container.
• the closures are provided with a guarantee ring, which is intended to indicate the integrity of the sealed container. In a first attempt to open the guarantee ring is blown open, so that a consumer can easily see that the container is no longer originally sealed.
• An embodiment of a closure is particularly preferred, which is characterized in that the position of the vertical incisions is selected as a function of the arrangement of the retaining webs, which hold the ring segments which arise when they burst open on the jacket of the closure.
• the vertical incisions are placed in a region of the guarantee ring which is deflected to the maximum extent when opened for the first time, both in the axial and in the radial direction tung. This ensures that the vertical incisions are burst open.
• An embodiment of the closure in which the vertical incisions are bridged by webs is particularly preferred. This prevents the vertical incisions from being damaged after the closure has been manufactured or stored or transported, but also when it is first put on, so that a consumer may erroneously tamper with the container. ter must close. This increases the security of tampering even further.
• the stated object is also achieved by a method for producing a plastic closure for containers, which has the features mentioned in claim 13.
• This method is characterized in that after the introduction of a horizontal cut, which creates a predetermined breaking line between the jacket and the guarantee area of the closure, the vertical incisions are cut depending on certain shape features of the closure or the guarantee area .
• all material weakenings in the area of the jacket of the guarantee area can be referred to as vertical incisions, even if there are only indentations or material weakening zones in the wall of the guarantee area, which are not produced by a spraying process but by a cutting process were.
• the vertical incisions are actually made in the wall of finished closures by a subsequent cutting process, so that a defined material weakening is predetermined, which can be predicted much more precisely than in the case of a spraying process.
• a defined material weakening is predetermined, which can be predicted much more precisely than in the case of a spraying process.
• the holding forces in the area of the vertical incision can be predicted very precisely.
• the precise positioning of the vertical incisions allows them to be cut there resulting explosive forces are precisely predetermined. In this way, tampering with the container can be excluded with a high degree of certainty without damaging the guarantee ring.
• An embodiment of the method is particularly preferred in which the vertical incisions are cut into the wall of the guarantee area or the guarantee ring depending on the arrangement of the holding webs.
• the retaining webs remain undamaged when the container is opened for the first time.
• the end regions of the ring segments held by the holding webs are deflected to a maximum in both the axial and radial directions, so that the greatest bursting forces occur here. Due to the fact that the vertical incisions are arranged here, they are very likely to be blown open.
• the stated object is also achieved by the creation of a device which is used to produce a plastic closure with a guarantee ring for containers and which has the features mentioned in claim 16.
• the device is characterized by a centering device which detects and holds the closure in a position dependent on its shape features, while the closure is brought into engagement with the cutting device.
• a device is particularly preferred, the centering device of which has both an outer centering device and an inner centering device, the former sensing features on the outer surface and the latter sensing shape on the inner surface of the closure. In this way, a universal detection of shape features of the closure is possible, which can either be arranged on the outer or on the inner surface of the closure or are provided on both sides.
• a device is particularly preferred which is characterized in that the inner centering device is designed such that the inner contours of the closure can only be tapped after the outer contours have been detected.
• the double scanning of shape features on the outside and then on the inside of the closure results in a particularly secure positioning of the closure before the vertical incisions are made in the wall of the guarantee.
• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a closure
• FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a guarantee ring cut along line II-II shown in FIG. 1 and
• FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a device for producing a closure according to FIG. 1.
• the closure described below can be used universally. It is preferably used to close bottles which are provided with a screw thread on the outside below their mouth area and also have a projection which interacts with corresponding barbs on the inner surface of the guarantee ring.
• FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a closure 1 before it is applied to a container to be closed.
• the closure has a closure mirror 3, which is followed by an all-round closed jacket 5.
• a warranty area designed here as a guarantee ring 9, which is connected to the rest of the jacket by means of tear-off webs 11, the tear-off webs spanning a predetermined breaking line 13, which ends in the wall by a horizontally extending one of the jacket 5 introduced cut is made.
• the predetermined breaking line 13 is also spanned by a retaining web 15 which practically extends over the the entire amount of the guarantee ring 9.
• the tear-off webs 11 and the holding web 15 are formed by material strips which are applied to the inner surface of the jacket and extend in the longitudinal direction of the closure. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the tear-off webs are designed to be substantially narrower than the holding web, which is assigned to a ring segment which is created by the safety ring 9 being opened.
• a seal 17 is provided which is prevented from moving relative to the closure mirror 3 or the closure 1 by retaining cams 19 projecting into it.
• a plurality of webs 21, which originate from the inner surface of the jacket, are provided, which hold the seal 17 at the location provided.
• threads 23 can be seen, which mesh with a corresponding external thread on the outside of the container.
• ribs 25 are provided which extend in the axial direction and increase the grip of the closure 1.
• Vertical incisions 29 are made in the wall 27 of the guarantee ring 9 and do not extend over the entire height of the guarantee ring. At least one bridging web 31 remains in each case, which forms a connection between the end regions of the ring segments 33 separated by the vertical incisions 29.
• the bridging webs 31 can be formed in that when the vertical incisions 29 are introduced, a knife with a groove is provided which leaves an area of the wall 27 of the guarantee 9 intact. It is also possible for a radially inwardly offset web to be applied to the inner surface of the guarantee ring 9 in the region of the vertical incisions, which, like the tear-off webs and the holding web 15, remains intact during a cutting process with a defined depth.
• protrusions 37 run obliquely downwards, which are provided on their upper side with stiffening ribs 39 which, starting from the front side 41 of the protrusions 37, ramp in the direction of the inner surface 35 of the Guarantee 9 fall off and pass into the surface of the projections 37 at a distance in front of this inner surface.
• the front surface of the stiffening ribs 39 forms a common stop surface with the front surface of the projections 37.
• the projections 37 are designed in such a way that they arise at a distance from a holding web 15 from the inner surface 35 of the guarantor ring and on their side facing the holding web with an inclined surface. falling side edges 43 are provided.
• the side edges 45 provided on the opposite side of the projections form a right angle with the inner surface 35 of the guarantee ring 9. The distance between these side edges 45 and a vertical incision 29 lying directly next to them is considerably smaller than that of the adjacent holding web 15.
• FIG. 2 shows a top view of a guarantee ring 9 cut off along the line II-II, which is shown in FIG. 1.
• the cut-off tear-off webs 11 and 11/1 and 11/2 can be seen from the plan view according to FIG. 2, and the section through the holding webs 15 can also be seen.
• the top view shows that in the embodiment shown here, a guarantee ring made of three Ring segments 33, which are each held by a holding web 15.
• the grooves 47 made in the outer surface of the guarantee ring 9 can be seen, which are arranged exactly where the retaining webs 15 are arranged on the inner surface 35 of the guarantee ring 9.
• the width of the grooves 47 is chosen to be larger than the width of the holding webs, which are arranged centrally in relation to the groove.
• the tear-off webs 11 and the holding webs 15 consist of material areas which are offset radially inwards, so that they are practical with a defined horizontal section through the wall 27 of the guarantee ring 9 remain intact.
• the closure 1 or its guarantee ring 9 is provided with a plurality of shaped elements which are arranged on the outer or on the inner surface of the guarantee ring 9.
• a plurality of shaped elements which are arranged on the outer or on the inner surface of the guarantee ring 9.
• an alignment of the closure can be ensured during the introduction of the vertical incisions 29.
• the projections 37 or their side edges 45 and 43 can be used here.
• the position of the holding webs 15 on the inner surface 35 of the guarantee ring 9 can also be used for the precise alignment of the closure.
• the grooves 47 or V-shaped recesses 49 provided on the outer surface of the guarantee ring 9 can be taken into account for the exact positioning of the closure for the introduction of the vertical incisions 29.
• protrusions or depressions can also be provided on the outer surface of the casing 5 of the closure 1 for its positioning.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 The device for producing the plastic closure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be explained with reference to the sectional illustration in FIG. 3.
• the tool 50 has a housing 51 which can be coupled to a drive which sets the housing 51 in rotational and translational movement.
• the tool 50 can be rotated about the rotational or longitudinal axis 53.
• a translational movement is carried out along this axis.
• the housing 51 is preferably cylindrical, in particular circular cylindrical. It is provided with a through hole which serves to receive an inner centering device 55.
• a holder 57 for an external centering 59 is introduced into a suitable recess.
• the inner centering device 55 has a guide sleeve 61 which is introduced into the through bore 51.
• the guide sleeve 61 can be displaced in the axial direction within the housing 51 against the force of a spring element 63 designed as a helical spring.
• the helical spring is supported on corresponding projections both on the guide sleeve 61 and in the through bore of the housing 51.
• a fixing device 65 which has a pressure ram 67 penetrating the inner-centering device 55 and an abutment 69 which is anchored in the interior of the guide sleeve 61, for example by a screw connection.
• a helical spring 71 is supported in the interior of the abutment 69 and, by means of a resilient force, pushes the pressure ram 67 out of the end face of the inner centering device 55.
• the pressure- stamp is held by a suitable bearing means 73 so that it is during a Rotationsbe ⁇ movement of the tool 50 held already by a small reaction force and do not co-rotates'.
• the end of the pressure plunger located inside the tool 50 is held by a bearing 75 which interacts with the helical spring 71 and which is in turn equipped with a bearing 77 in order to ensure an end coupling of the rotational movement of the tool 50.
• the bearing device 73 is provided with an outer sleeve which is held against rotation in the guide sleeve 61 by the interaction of tongue and groove.
• a shaped element 79 is provided, the outer contour of which is adapted to the inner contour of a closure to be detected, which is not shown here.
• the outer contour of the molded element 79 is designed such that, for example, the retaining webs 15 of the closure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are received by a corresponding groove 81 which is arranged on the outer surface of the molded element 79 is.
• the shaped element 79 is interchangeable, so that several differently designed closures can be gripped with the tool 50.
• the exterior centering device 59 comprises a 83 elastically displaceable Abtast ⁇ in the direction of the central axis 53 against the force of a spring element organ 85, which includes a sensing pin ⁇ 87th This scans the outer surface of the closure and is designed so that it fits into the groove 47 provided in this outer surface.
• a closure as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is fed to the tool 50, the closure mirror 3 facing away from the end face of the tool, so that the pressure stamp 67 engages with the interior of the closure 1 when the tool 50 approaches and comes to rest on the inner surface of the closure mirror 3.
• the guide sleeve 61 is now displaced to the right against the force of the helical spring 63 in the direction of the axis of rotation of the tool 53, so that the inner centering device 55 or its shaped element 79 moves into the interior of the Moved closure. Due to the fixed assignment between the outer centering device 59 and the inner centering device 55, the inner centering device can engage in the inner contour of the closure without further readjustment.
• the groove 81 on the shaped element 79 is in register with the retaining web 15 of a closure.
• three such grooves 81 are provided on the outer surface of the shaped element 79 in this exemplary embodiment, so that when the inner centering 55 is introduced into the interior of the connecting element 79, Conclusion 1 the grooves 81 grasp the retaining webs 15.
• the inner centering is now advanced so far that the end face of the molded element 79 lowers to the bottom of the closure and this is held securely.
• the projections 37 are folded inwards so that they are pivoted obliquely upwards in the direction of the inside of the closure mirror 3.
• the closure 1 holds securely on the shaped element 79 of the inner centering device 55.
• the outer centering moves up in order to release the outer or outer surface of the closure for the cutting process.
• the predetermined breaking line 13 can now be introduced through a horizontal cut into the hem region 7 of the jacket 5, the depth of cut being matched to the thickness of the wall 27 such that the knife radially inwards offset tear-off webs 11 and the retaining webs 15 not or not significantly injured.
• the outer surface of the shaped element 79 is designed in such a way that it also serves as an abutment for the cutting device both when making the horizontal and the vertical cuts.
• the closure 1 can, due to its orientation on the inner centering device 55, be fed in a predetermined position to the cutting device so that it subsequently makes the vertical incisions 29 in the wall 27 of the guarantee ring 9.
• the drive of the tool 50 is designed so that it can be brought to the knife of the cutting device in a precise orientation.
• the inner centering device or its shaped element 79 can be easily read after sensing the outer contour with the aid of the feeler pin 87 be introduced into the interior of the closure, the orientation of the closure being maintained.
• the inner centering device 55 In the end position, in which the inner centering device 55 is completely extended by advancing the guide sleeve 61, the inner centering projects beyond both the end face of the pressure stamp and the feeler pin of the outer centering device 59, so that the tool itself does not displace the closure there is more to fear. Furthermore, the advance movement of the inner centering device 55 ensures that the cutting device does not come into engagement with the outer centering tool when the horizontal cut is made to produce the predetermined breaking line 13 or when the longitudinal cuts 29 running in the longitudinal direction are made. Damage to both the cutting device and the tool 50 is thereby excluded.
• a knife with a continuous cutting edge can also be used if, on the inner surface 35 of the guarantee ring 9, similar to the tear-off webs 11 and the holding webs 15, material areas are provided which are displaced radially inwards and which do not verge at a defined depth during the cutting process be strengthened or at least remain essentially uncut.
• the tool 50 can be introduced into a machining star, to which the closures to be machined are fed in a known manner.
• the manufacturing process and the device can be used regardless of which external or internal contours are used for scanning when the vertical incisions are made in the closure. It is only necessary that the relative arrangement of the scanned contours or shape features to the position of the vertical incisions to be made is known, so that the merging of tool 50 and cutting device, which is not shown here, can be carried out accordingly so that the vertical incisions can be inserted in the desired, predeterminable position. For example, they can be placed on the end regions of two adjacent ring segments 33, so that these end regions are held by the tear-off webs 11/1 and 11/2, the cut of the right incisions 29 is preferably made in the bottom of the V-shaped recess 49. In this way, relatively little material can be cut, so that the service life of the knives is significantly increased.
• the vertical incisions 29 are arranged in the immediate vicinity between the side edges 45 of the projections 37 falling perpendicularly to the inner surface 35, where at the first time the lock is opened, the maximum force is introduced into the guarantee ring. Even if the vertical incisions through the bridging webs 31 are given a certain strength, it is ensured that the guarantee ring 9 of the closure 1 is opened when it is opened for the first time.
• the claws serving as barbs 37 claw under the mentioned projection on the outside of the container and lead to axial and radial expansion forces on the guarantee ring, so that the latter is blown open.
• the retaining webs lie in the pivot and pivot point of the ring segments 33 and remain intact when the guarantee is opened. They are designed so firmly that they hold the blown ring segments in their pivoted position, so that the consumer can easily see manipulations on the closure.
• the external centering can be dispensed with. In this case, the inner centering device 55 is moved against the closure fixed by a holder until the shaped element 79 engages in the given inner contours of the closure and holds it securely.
• a vertical incision can subsequently be made in a plastic closure which is produced, for example, in a plastic injection molding or co-molding process, at a precisely predeterminable point.
• the positioning of the vertical incision depends on shape features attached to the inside and / or outside of the closure, which can be scanned by means of a suitable device.
• the vertical incision When making the vertical incision, it is very possible to provide only a guarantee area which does not extend over the entire circumferential line at the lower hem of the jacket, but is, for example, assigned to a circular arc-shaped circumferential area which has an opening angle of 60 ° up to 240 °, preferably from 180 ° or 120 °.
• the vertical incision is preferably placed in the middle of such a guarantee area, that is to say in an area which is subjected to a maximum axial and radial displacement when the closure is opened for the first time. On this ensures that the vertical incision is blown open the first time it is opened, so that manipulations on the closure can be easily recognized by consumers.
• the end regions of such a guarantee region are firmly connected to the rest of the jacket. In this case, there is no need for retaining webs which hold the segments after the vertical incision has been opened. Rather, the segments are firmly connected to the rest of the closure via their end regions and cannot be lost.
• An essential aspect is that the vertical incisions can subsequently be introduced into finished plastic closures, whereby a precisely predeterminable positioning is maintained, so that deformations which occur when the closure is opened for the first time are exactly in the sink ⁇ right incision are initiated.
• closures can also be realized, which also have two guarantee areas, which when opened the first time are broken open into segments which in turn are held by means of retaining webs.
• closures can also be realized, which also have two guarantee areas, which when opened the first time are broken open into segments which in turn are held by means of retaining webs.
• the introduction of the vertical incisions can ultimately be made irrespective of the special configuration of the respective for the positioning. gene shape features.
• the exact arrangement of the vertical incisions can be adhered to in any case, the shape features being able to be arranged on the inner and / or on the outer surface of the closure.
• the horizontal section which extends over a circumferential area or along the entire circumference and through which the guarantee area or a guarantee ring is produced, can be introduced in an independent manner during their manufacture , independent process step can be carried out.
• completely separate cutting devices can be used for making the two cuts (horizontal cut or vertical cut), so that the demands on the cutting device can be relatively low and it can be produced inexpensively.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Closures For Containers (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
• Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
• Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
• Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25905066

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1992
  • 1992-06-25 AT AT92913766T patent/ATE152416T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-06-25 DK DK92913766T patent/DK0592506T4/da active
  • 1992-06-25 CA CA002112565A patent/CA2112565C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-06-25 EP EP92110700A patent/EP0521389A1/de active Pending
  • 1992-06-25 BR BR9206223A patent/BR9206223A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-06-25 WO PCT/EP1992/001434 patent/WO1993000270A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1992-06-25 EP EP92913766A patent/EP0592506B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-06-25 AU AU21734/92A patent/AU665770B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1992-06-25 DE DE59208436T patent/DE59208436D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-06-25 KR KR1019930704066A patent/KR100220787B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-06-25 ES ES92913766T patent/ES2104935T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-06-25 JP JP5501216A patent/JPH06508587A/ja active Pending
  • 1992-06-29 MX MX9203718A patent/MX9203718A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1993
  • 1993-11-19 NO NO934182A patent/NO307211B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-12-28 FI FI935894A patent/FI935894A0/fi unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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