WO1992005248A1 - Expression de proteines virales du papillome humain et utilisation dans des compositions immunogeniques - Google Patents

Expression de proteines virales du papillome humain et utilisation dans des compositions immunogeniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992005248A1
WO1992005248A1 PCT/US1991/007081 US9107081W WO9205248A1 WO 1992005248 A1 WO1992005248 A1 WO 1992005248A1 US 9107081 W US9107081 W US 9107081W WO 9205248 A1 WO9205248 A1 WO 9205248A1
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peptide
cell
region
cells
composition
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PCT/US1991/007081
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English (en)
Inventor
Elaine Kinney Thomas
Lieping Chen
James Blake
Karl Erik HELLSTRÖM
Ingegerd HELLSTRÖM
Shiu-Lok Hu
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Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
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Publication of WO1992005248A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992005248A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
    • C07K16/081—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from DNA viruses
    • C07K16/084—Papovaviridae, e.g. papillomavirus, polyomavirus, SV40, BK virus, JC virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
    • C12N2710/00011—Details
    • C12N2710/20011—Papillomaviridae
    • C12N2710/20022—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to recombinant cells, peptides, .antibodies, compositions and methods that can be utilized for the inhibition and treatment of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cell transformation.
  • Recombinant cells that contain, and express, a DNA insert that encodes a region of an HPV protein or a peptide induced by an HPV gene in a mammalian cell are produced, such as recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses an epitopic region of the E6 or E7 nucleoprotein gene product of HPV or a transfected or recombinant virus-infected, reconstructed fibroblast, epithelial cell, lymphocyte or tumor cell that contains and expresses a region of the E6 or
  • E7 nucleoprotein gene product of HPV E7 nucleoprotein gene product of HPV.
  • Specific peptides have been prepared that correspond to epitopic regions of HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins and these peptides have been utilized in immunogenic compositions and vaccines. Therapeutic and prophylactic methods are described for the inhibition and regression of HPV infections and tumor development in patients.
  • hepatitis virus hepatoma
  • Epstein Barr virus nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • HPV16 human papilloma virus
  • Some patients mount cell-mediated or humoral immune responses against these antigens Hellstr ⁇ m et al. (1968) Nature, 220:1352; Morton et al. (1968) Science 162:1279-1281; Shiku et al. (1976) J. Exp. Med. 144: 873-881).
  • Some of the targets of these immune responses are oncofetal or differentiation antigens encoded by the human genome (Hellstrom et al. (1970) Int. J. Cancer
  • Human papilloma viruses are well-known infective agents that produce epithelial neoplasia, such as warts and papillomas, in their hosts.
  • Common hand warts .and plantar warts are the most frequent skin lesions in humans; however, squamous cell carcinomas and genital cancers in both males and females are also commonly .associated with certain sttains of HPV infection.
  • the papilloma virus genome contains a double stranded, circular supercoiled DNA molecule having a molecular weight of about 5,000 kilodaltons (kDa). This genome encodes between 8 .and 10 proteins, this number being uncertain because a function or protein product has not yet been assigned to each of the open-reading frames (ORFs) of the genome.
  • ORFs open-reading frames
  • the ORFs produced early in replication were originally designated with an E, and those produced late with an L. This designation however, has not held up, and it has been found that some E gene products .are produced early and late in infection.
  • HPV16 HPV16
  • mice have shown that immunization with living or killed cancer cells can lead to rejection of a subsequent challenge by viable cancer cells.
  • target antigens responsible for the protective effects have been virally encoded, but in many other cases the nature of the antigen which elicits a protective immune response is unknown.
  • a major theoretical objection to the proposed use of cancer vaccines in humans is that humans who are "vaccinated", for example, with killed c ⁇ incer cells or cell-free preparations, can be immunologically unresponsive. This is believed to often occur because the tumor antigens that may be the targets of the immune response are present, albeit in trace amounts only, in some normal cells and will thus be perceived by the immune system as "self . Immunization against such "self antigens could, if effective, result in an autoimmune response. Most, if not all, tumor-associated antigens detected in human tumors by monoclonal antibodies are also present in some normal tissues, and there is little evidence that cancer patients respond to them effectively in vivo. An antigen that is foreign to the human immune system, for example, one encoded by an oncogenic virus such as HPV16, should, on the other hand, most likely induce a strong immune response.
  • This approach involves the use of vaccinia virus as a vector to express foreign genes inserted into its genome. Upon introduction into host animals, the recombinant vaccinia virus expresses the inserted foreign gene and thereby elicits a host immune response to such gene products. Since live recombinant vaccinia virus can be used as a vaccine, this approach combines the advantages of both subunit and live vaccines.
  • Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing antigens from foreign viruses have been found to induce resistance to challenge with the foreign viruses in experimental animals. Examples include recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing an HSV glycoprotein (Cremer et al. (1985) Science 228:1985), a rabies virus surface antigen (Blancou et al. (1986) Nature 322:373). recombinant vaccinia virus expressing either HPV16 or bovine papilloma virus proteins (Lathe et al. (1989) in Vaccines for sexually Transmitted Disease. A.
  • influenza virus nucleoprotein Smith et al. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:7155; Yewdell et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1785).
  • the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing influenza virus nucleoprotein has been reported to induce specific T cell-mediated immunity to influenza vims in immunized mice
  • influenza vims nucleoprotein is recognized by cytotoxic T cells from influenza seropositive donors (McMichael et al. (1986) J. Gen. Virol. 67:719).
  • human target cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia vims expressing an HSV glycoprotein are recognized by human CTL clones specific for HSV (Zarling et al. (1986) J. Virol. 52:506).
  • the present invention is directed to recombinant cells, peptides, .antibodies, compositions, and methods for the inhibition and treatment of human papilloma vims infection and tumor initiation or progression.
  • the recombin.ant cells of the present invention contain a gene encoding a peptide that substantially corresponds to an amino acid residue sequence of a peptide expressed in response to a human papilloma vims infection, such as a peptide substantially corresponding to a region of the E6 and/or E7 gene product or a chimeric peptide compound of one or more regions of HPV proteins.
  • This peptide can substantially correspond to an HPV protein expressed upon HPV infection or to a cellular peptide expressed in response to insertion of an HPV gene into the mammalian cell.
  • Recombinant cells of the present invention include both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells transfected or transformed, respectively, by the incorporation of added DNA encoding a region of a protein of human papilloma vims.
  • Illustrative recombinant cells include bacteria, vimses, such as vaccinia vims, mammalian cells such as transfected epithelial or fibroblast cells or lymphoid cells and tumor cells that encode such .an HPV related protein region, such as cervical carcinoma cells. Soluble proteins and peptides that elicit B cell and/or T cell responses are also included in the present invention.
  • Antibody molecules that CM mimic .and/or compete for binding sites with such proteins .and peptides are also included in the present invention.
  • Particularly preferred antibodies are antibodies to peptides corresponding to specific regions of the HPV16 E6 .and/or E7 proteins and anti-idiotypic antibodies to these anti-peptide antibodies.
  • compositions of the present invention contain recombinant cells, antibodies and/or peptides as described above, and preferably recombinant cells and/or peptides which express an epitopic. region of an E6 or E7 nucleoprotein of human papilloma vims.
  • the compositions of the present invention are preferably immunogenic compositions that are capable of eliciting an immunologically protective response in a recipient.
  • the described recombinant cells, peptides, and compositions are utilized in methods for inhibiting and treating HPV infection .and tumor initiation and/or progression.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a composition containing a recombinant cell and/or peptide of the present invention is administered to a patient for a time period sufficient to inhibit the further progression of this condition.
  • a prophylactic method for inhibiting tumor initiation following the detection of human papilloma vims infection is further contemplated.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of the present invention is administered to a patient in order to elicit a protective response in that patient that inhibits tumor initiation in the vims-infected cells.
  • the present invention is further directed to a method of inhibiting human papilloma vims infection in a patient.
  • a sufficient amount of an immunogenic composition is administered to a patient to effectively elicit an immunologically protective response in the patient to inhibit infection by human papilloma vims.
  • the immunogenic composition can also be formulated to contain recombinant cells that express an epitopic region of an HPV protein.
  • compositions can contain a non-tumorigenic cell that is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I positive, into which a gene encoding an immunogenic region of an HPV protein has been inserted.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • the recombinant cell of this composition can then be administered to a patient to facilitate tumor rejection by eliciting an immunogenic response to the expressed peptide region, which is also expressed in the tumor cells.
  • the immunogenic composition can also be formulated as a viral vaccine, in which case the immunogen comprises a recombinant vims that expresses an epitopic region of a protein of the human papilloma vims.
  • the immunogen comprises a recombinant vims that expresses an epitopic region of a protein of the human papilloma vims.
  • an inactivated vims vaccine or a live vims vaccine can be formulated.
  • Appropriate immunization with the vaccine formulation or immunogenic composition of the present invention can result in the induction of an immune response which leads to the destruction of tumor cells expressing an HPV epitopic region as well as inhibiting HPV infection, in the immunized subject.
  • Preferred recombinant cells of the present invention include vaccinia vims encoding and expressing .an epitopic region of either the E6 or E7 HPV16 nucleoprotein, and epithelial, fibroblast, lymphoid, blood cells, .and tumor cells transfected with the E6 or E7 HPV16 gene.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the cloning of the HPV 16 E6 open reading frame into two expression vectors.
  • ORF E6 open reading frame
  • the E6 ORF was cloned in pIC 20H to introduce a Hind III site at the 5' end for directional cloning downstream of the CMV promoter in the pCDM8 expression plasmid as described hereinbelow. There are 58 base pairs at the 5' and 98 base pairs at the 3* end of the E6 ORF which are untranslated.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the cloning of the HPV16 E7 open reading frame into two expression vectors.
  • the E7 open reading frame was cloned from the full length HPV 16 DNA as a Taql, Pstl fragment into pIC 20R which had been cut with Clal and Pstl.
  • the E7 ORF was subcloned into the vaccinia expression vector pGS 62 at the EcoRI site.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates the autoradiography of radioimmunoprecipitations of lysates from cells infected by two different plaque purified recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the E6 protein of HPV16.
  • the vaccinia lysates were prepared as described in EXAMPLE 5. Radioimmunoprecipitations were performed and the precipitates were electrophoresed. Lanes 1, 3, and 5 show the results obtained using rabbit antisera to E6 (provided by D. Lowy), lanes 2, 4, and 7 with normal rabbit semm and lane 6 with rabbit antisera to E7 ( ⁇ l6 E7 NP). The antigens are noted above the lane numbers.
  • the lysates were prepared from labelled infected cells, .and the electrophoresis gel was 17.5% polyacrylamide.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the autoradiography of recombinant vaccinia lysates precipitated with rabbit antisera against either the E6 or the E7 nucleoproteins of HPV16.
  • the vaccinia recombinant-infected cells were labelled for one hour with 35 S-Cys and 35 S-Met.
  • the infecting vims is noted above the lane numbers.
  • the radioimmunoprecipitates were loaded such that lanes 1 and 5 show the results obtained with anti-HPV16 E6 rabbit semm (D. Lowy), lanes 2, 4 and 7 show the results obtained with normal rabbit semm; and lanes 3 .and 6 show the results obta ed with ⁇ l6 E7 NP.
  • the position of standard stained molecular weight markers are noted on the right side, while the position of E6 and E7.are noted by the left .arrows.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates a pulse-chase study of the stability of the E7 protein.
  • Vaccinia vims infected cells were pulse labelled for 1 hour as described hereinbelow with 35 S-Cys and 35 S-Met, then incubated with unlabelled medium for the time periods shown above the lane numbers.
  • the infecting vims (vNY or VHPV16/E7) is listed above the time identifications. After the indicated periods of time, the cells were lysed and maintained at 0-4 °C for radioimmunoprecipitation analysis on a 17.5% acrylamide gel.
  • the odd numbered lanes represent ⁇ l6 E7 NP precipitation products, while the even-numbered lanes represent normal rabbit semm immunoprecipitation products.
  • Molecular weight markers are indicated on the right.
  • FTGURE 6 illustrates radioimmunoprecipitation of the E7 gene product expressed in COS cells transiently transfected with pCDM8-E7 mammalian expression plasmid. Lanes 1 and 3 show the banding pattern obtained for proteins precipitated with rabbit anti-Trp E/E7.
  • Lanes 2 and 4 show the banding pattern obtained for proteins precipitated with normal rabbit semm.
  • N Nuclear fraction.
  • C Cytosol fraction.
  • Vaccinia E7 recombinant lysate was used as positive control for E7 protein.
  • B pCDM8 E7 transfected COS cells.
  • C Untransfected COS cells.
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates the amino acid residue sequences for the HPV 16 E6 and E7 nucleoproteins
  • FIGURE 8 illustrates the titration of two monoclonal antibodies against peptide 359 of the HPV16 E7 protein.
  • the open squares show hybridoma clone #14, the closed squ es show hybridoma clone #10.
  • FIGURE 9 illustrates Western blots of the titration of antisera against E6 peptides.
  • Anti-E6 peptide sera taken 3 days post-boost from rabbits immunized with peptide from the E6 ORF were titrated on Western blots against the homologous specific Trp fusion protein (16 E6 DS) only.
  • the numbers (1) and (2) indicate two different rabbits immunized with the same peptide.
  • FIGURE 10 illustrates Western blots of the titration of antisera against E7 peptides.
  • Anti-E7 sera taken 3 day post-boost from animus immunized with peptides from the E7 ORF were titrated on Western blots ag ⁇ nst the specific
  • Tip fusion protein (3.6 E7 NP).
  • the numbers (1) and (2) indicate two different rabbits immunized with the same peptides.
  • FIGURE 11 illustrates Western blots of two dilutions of antisera against
  • E6 and E7 peptides Sera from rabbits immunized with an E6 or E7 -peptide were tested by Western blotting against the specific Trp fusion protein and the Trp E vector gene product to demonstrate that the reactivity in the semm was specific for the HPV16 E6 or E7 protein. The highest semm dilutions were selected to be near the endpoint of reactivities based upon previous titrations.
  • the specific peptide (by number) used as the immunogen is listed above each set of nitrocellulose lanes; the antigen in each lane is denoted at the top of the gel and the two dilutions of the semm used are shown at the bottom under the brackets. M indicates prestained molecular weight markers. Semm samples were drawn about 1 week after the first or second boost for use in these studies. Antisera ⁇ 358, tx360 and ⁇ 361 were obtained one week after the second boost. Antiserum ⁇ 359 was obtained one week following the first boost.
  • FIGURE 12 illustrates the recognition of E7 native protein by anti-E7 peptide antisera.
  • Anti-peptide 359 antisera from rabbits bled one week after the first boost were used in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay on 35 S-methionine and 35 S-cysteine labelled vaccinia E7 recombinant-infected cell lysates.
  • the control ⁇ l6 E7 NP (lane 1) precipitates a band of 17-18 kDa
  • the rabbit sera (lanes 3 and 4) similarly precipitate a band of the same molecular weight
  • the ⁇ 360 semm (Lane 2) fails to precipitate an E7 band.
  • Molecular weight markers are seen at the right.
  • FIGURE 13 illustrates RT-PCR analysis of cytoplasmic RNA from HPV16 E7 transfectants.
  • Lanes contain (from left to right) ⁇ CDM8/E7 plasmid, as a positive PCR control;
  • NCTC 2555 cells as a negative control
  • E7C3 which is an M2 melanoma-derived HPV16 E7 transfectant
  • M2 melanoma cells as a negative control (par). Standard base pair markers are seen on the left.
  • FIGURE 14 illustrates the growth of E7C3 tumors in C3H/HeN mice.
  • mice were immunized prior to tumor cell inoculation with NCTC 2555 fibroblasts that have been transfected with either the HPV16 E7 (N7.2 and N7.4, open triangles, and closed circles, respectively) or HPV16 E6 (N6.8, open circles) gene.
  • Panel B illustrates control studies that were carried out by inoculating mice with either phosphate buffered saline (PBS, open squares) or
  • NCTC 2555 fibroblasts transfected with human melanoma antigen p97 (CL19, closed triangles), relative to immunization of the mice with N7.2 cells prior to E7C3 tumor cell inoculation.
  • Panel C illustrates the tumor growth of the parental M2 melanoma cells (pai) in mice immunized with E7-transfected NCTC 2555 fibroblasts (N 7.2).
  • FIGURE 15 illustrates the effect of anti-CD8 antibody treatment on tumor growth in mice immunized with N7.2 cells. Following immunization, mice were injected with either anti-CD8 antibodies (closed circles) or anti-CD5 antibodies (open triangles) prior to administration of E7C3 tumor cells.
  • FIGURE 16 illustrates a flow cytometric analysis of CD4 positive and CD8 positive splenocytes from mice treated with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (right panels) or with anti-CD5 monoclonal antibody (left p.anels).
  • the present invention is directed to recombinant cells, peptides, antibodies, compositions, and methods that are useful for the inhibition and treatment of human papilloma vims infection .and tumor initiation.
  • the recombinant cells contain a DNA construct encoding a region of an HPV protein, preferably E6 and/or E7 HPV nucleoprotein. These recombinant cells express an epitopic region of a peptide substantially corresponding to a peptide expressed in a mammalian cell in response to the insertion of .an HPV gene into the mammalian cell, such as by HPV infection or recombinant means.
  • peptides of the present invention substantially correspond to about 8 to about 30 amino acid residue regions of HPV protein.
  • the peptides of the present invention substanti.ally correspond to a region of the HPV 16 E6 or E7 protein, and specifically to -an epitopic region capable of eliciting .an immunological interaction with an antibody and/or T-cell surface molecule when administered to a host.
  • the present invention also encompasses compositions of these recombinant cells, and peptides that can be utilized as immunogenic compositions, immunotherapeutics or vaccines for treatment of patients. Antibody molecules that can compete for binding sites with these peptides are also contemplated herein.
  • antibody molecules against binding regions of the HPV16 E6 and/or E7 proteins, and anti-idiotypic antibodies against these antibodies are produced that compete for HPV binding sites on normal and tumor cell proteins, such as the retinoblastoma gene product (RB105) which binds to the HPV16 E7 protein.
  • RB105 retinoblastoma gene product
  • the present invention is further directed to methods of inhibition and treatment of human papilloma vims infection and oncogenesis.
  • Specific methods of the present invention are directed to the treatment of a condition resultant from HPV infection, and to a prophylactic method to inhibit tumor initiation and progression from cells following the detection of HPV infection.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting HPV infection in a patient.
  • Transfection is the acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA into eukaryotic cells.
  • Transformation is the acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA into prokaryotic cells.
  • Oncogenesis is the cellular acquisition of a neoplastic phenotype leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
  • Codoning vector is any plasmid or vims into which a foreign DNA may be inserted to be cloned.
  • “Plasmid”, as used herein, is an autonomous self-replicating extra- chromosomal circular DNA.
  • Open Reading Frame (ORF), as used herein, is a DNA sequence which is (potentially) translatable into protein.
  • Helper vims is a vims that provides functions absent from a defective vims, enabling the latter to complete the infective cycle during a mixed infection.
  • Gene (cistron) is the segment of DNA that encodes the sequence of a peptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons).
  • "Expression”, as used herein, is the process undergone by a structural gene to produce a peptide or protein. It is a combination of transcription and translation.
  • b-ase pair is a partnership of adenine (A) with thymine (T), or of cytosine (C) with guanine (G) in a DNA double helix.
  • expression vector is any plasmid or vims into which a foreign DNA may be inserted and/or expressed.
  • downstream identifies sequences proceeding further in the direction of expression; for example, the peptide coding region of a gene is downstream from the initiation codon or in the 3' direction away from the gene; upstream is 5' to the sequence in question.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • inoculum in its various grammatical forms is used herein to describe a composition containing a recombin.ant cell or peptide of this invention as an active ingredient used for the preparation of antibodies or elicitation of T cells against human papilloma vims infected/transformed cells.
  • a peptide When a peptide is used to induce antibodies it is to be understood that the peptide may be infrequently used done, and more often linked to a carrier or in combination with other components but for ease of expression these alternatives will not always be expressed hereinafter.
  • Inocula may also include an adjuvant.
  • Adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and alum are materials well known in the art and are available commercially from several sources. Individual inocula are readily prepared with CFA or IFA. For example, an amount of recombinant cell or peptide conjugate sufficient to provide the desired amount of recombinant cells and/or peptide conjugate per inoculation is dissolved in PBS (at about 0.5 ml) at pH 7.2. Equal volumes of CFA or IFA are then mixed with the solution to provide -an inoculum containing the recombinant cells and/or conjugate, water and adjuvant in which the water to oil ratio is 1:1.
  • the mixture is thereafter homogenized to provide the inoculum.
  • the volume of the inoculum so prepared is typically greater than 1 ml, and some of the recombinant cells .and/or peptide conjugate, PBS and adjuvant may be lost during the emulsification.
  • Substantially all of the emulsification that can be recovered is placed into a syringe, and is then introduced into the animals as discussed hereinbelow.
  • the amount of inocula introduced into an animal, such as a rabbit or mouse, should be at least about 90% of that present prior to the emulsification step.
  • both recombin.ant cells and peptides may be included either alone or conjugated to a carrier protein such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) plus a physiologically acceptable diluent such as water or PBS along with an adjuvant.
  • KLH is an acceptable carrier for use in animals, but it is quite costly to use on a commercial scale.
  • alternative carriers including soybean agglutinin, aluminum hydroxide (alum), bovine semm albumin (BSA), ovalbumin, peanut agglutinin, tetanus toxoid and poly-L-lysine is also contemplated.
  • Saponin a plant produced glycoside, is also a well known adjuvant available commercially from Berghausen Chemical Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, as a 5% solid solution, and can be used herein along with aluminum hydroxide.
  • inocula stock solutions are illustrative of the inocula of this invention. As demonstrated herein, they can be used to produce antibody molecules or elicit T cells that immunoreact with the recombinant cells and/or peptides of the present invention.
  • an immunogenic composition of the present invention can be a vaccine. Since active immunity involves both the production of .antibodies and the elicitation of a cell-mediated immune response, a vaccine and an inoculum may thus contain identical ingredients, but their uses are different. In most cases, the ingredients for a vaccine and for an inoculum are different because many adjuvants used for animals may not be used in humans.
  • the relatively small peptides used in the studies of the present invention were synthesized using the solid-phase method of Merrifield, (1963) J. Am. Chem. Soc. £5.2149-2154, incorporated herein by reference, on an Applied Biosystems Peptide Synthesizer, Model 430A. An additional cysteine residue was inserted into the sequence at either the C- or N-terminus. After cleavage from the resin and deprotection, the peptides were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
  • the peptides Prior to their use as immunogens the peptides were coupled, through their cysteine residues, to KLH by use of the bifunctional reagent sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane- 1-c-arboxylate.
  • synthetic refers to a peptide molecule that has been built up by chemical means, that is, chemically synthesized, rather than being prepared by a biological means such as by genetic engineering techniques.
  • Vaccines and immunogenic compositions used herein contain the stated amount of peptide alone, recombinant cells, conjugates or combinations thereof.
  • immunogenic compositions also contained a physiologically tolerable diluent such as water or saline, further typically including an adjuvant, such as complete Freund's adjuvant and incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
  • a physiologically tolerable diluent such as water or saline
  • an adjuvant such as complete Freund's adjuvant and incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
  • Immunogenic stock solutions were prep.ared with IFA or CFA as follows: An amount of the synthetic peptide conjugate and/or recombinant cells sufficient to produce the desired amount per inoculation was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Equal volumes of CFA or IFA were then mixed with the solution to provide a composition containing the cells and/or peptides, water and adjuvant in which the aqueous-to-oil ratio was 1: 1. The mix was thereafter homogenized to provide the stock solution.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • an “epitopic region” is a structural domain, such as a specific amino acid residue sequence or peptide fragment, of a molecule that is
  • HEET capable of eliciting a specific immunological interaction with antibody molecules or T cell surface molecules in a host.
  • An epitopic region can contain one or more antigenic determinants and/or immunogenic determinants.
  • antigenic determinant designates the structural component of a molecule that is responsible for specific interaction with corresponding antibody (immunoglobulin) molecules or T cell surface molecules elicited by the same or related antigen or immunogen.
  • immunogenic determinant designates the structural component of a molecule that is responsible for the induction in a host of an antibody or T cell surface molecule containing an antigen combining site
  • idiotype that binds with an immunogen when used as an antigen.
  • anti-idiotype and "anti-idiotypic antibody” are used interchangeably herein, and refer to an antibody whose antigen binding site specifically binds to the idiotype of the primary antibody prepared against a particular antigen, such as a papilloma vims antigen, such that the anti-idiotypic
  • .antibody competes for the binding of the primary antibody to the antigen.
  • antigen refers to an entity that is bound by an antibody or a T cell surface molecule which develops in response to the presented structural component.
  • immunogen describes an entity that induces antibody or specific T cell production responses in the host animal.
  • unit dose refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for animals, each unit contains a predetermined qu.antity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required diluent; that is, a carrier or vehicle.
  • the specifications for the novel unit dose of this invention are dictated by, and are directly dependent upon, (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such active material for therapeutic use.
  • the term "effective amount” means an amount sufficient to beneficially inhibit the infection and/or tumor initiation of cells in response to an HPV infection.
  • the effective amount for a particular patient may vary depending on such factors as the state of the infection, the overall health of the patient, the method of administration, the severity of side effects, .and the like.
  • conservative substitution denotes that one amino acid residue has been replaced by another, biologically similar residue.
  • conservative substitutions include the substitutions of one hydrophobic residue such as lie, Val, Leu, or Met for another, or the substitution of one polar residue for another such as between Arg and Lys, between Glu and Asp or between Gin and Asn, and the like.
  • an ionic residue by an oppositely charged ionic residue such as Asp by Lys has been determined conservative in the art in that those ionic groups are thought to merely provide solubility assistance.
  • replacements discussed herein are on a relatively short synthetic peptide region, as compared to a whole protein, replacement of an ionic residue by another ionic residue of opposite charge is considered herein to be a "radical replacement" as are replacements by nonionic and ionic residues, and bulky residues such as Phe, Tyr or Trp and less bulky residues such as Gly, He and Val.
  • nonionic and ionic residues are used herein in their usual sense to designate those .amino acid residues that either bear no charge or normally bear a charge, respectively, at physiological pH value.
  • exemplary nonionic residues include Thr and Gin, while exemplary ionic residues include Arg and Asp.
  • the inhibition .and treatment of human papilloma vims infection, oncogenesis and tumor initiation in patients are aims of the present invention.
  • Recombinant cells of the present invention contain a gene insert that is substantially similar to a DNA region from a human papilloma vims.
  • the gene insert encodes a region of the E6 and/or E7 nucleoprotein of HPV16.
  • an epitopic region of the E6 and/or E7 protein is expressed.
  • the gene insert induces the expression of a cellular protein in a recombinant mammalian cell containing this gene insert.
  • the present invention contemplates expression systems for HPV -induced protein regions and include viruses such as vaccinia vims and adenovims, fibroblasts such as COS monkey cells and human keratinocytes, tumor cells such as CaSki cervical carcinoma cells, and melanoma cells, and other mammalian cells such as epithelial cells, and lymphoid cells.
  • viruses such as vaccinia vims and adenovims, fibroblasts such as COS monkey cells and human keratinocytes, tumor cells such as CaSki cervical carcinoma cells, and melanoma cells, and other mammalian cells such as epithelial cells, and lymphoid cells.
  • cells which are MHC class I positive, and which preferably are non-tumorigenic are transfected with a gene encoding a region of an HPV protein.
  • a gene encoding a region of the HPV16 E6 and/or E7 protein is inserted into these MHC class 1 positive cells or is expressed upon infection with a recombinant vims containing these genes, and an immunogenic composition containing these cells are administered to a patient having an HPV16 induced tumor as a method of facilitating tumor regression.
  • Such tumor regression can be in response to the induction of an immunological response in the patient by the immunogenic cells and this response is then directed against the tumor.
  • the recombinant cells of the present invention .are expression systems, or cells, that contain .an inserted gene construct encoding a region of an HPV protein.
  • Illustrative expression systems, or cells, in the present invention include vimses such as vaccinia vims, amphitropic retrovimses, adenovims, poliovirus and other viruses that can be administered to patients in a non-pathogenic manner, such as in an immunogenic composition or a vaccine, and cells capable of infection, transfection or transformation with an HPV gene such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, and epithelial cells.
  • the present invention contemplates all cells that are capable of integrating and expressing a region of a human papilloma vims gene.
  • the gene constmcts of the present invention are prepared by cloning an ORF corresponding to a region of a human papilloma vims nucleoprotein, such as the E6 or E7 proteins of HPV16, from a plasmid containing a larger portion of the HPV16 genome by restriction endonuclease.
  • restriction fragments are then cloned into expression vectors by standard molecular biology procedures, such as those described in Ausubel, F. M. et al. (1990) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Greene Publishing Assoc. and Wiley Interscience) and Maniatis, T. et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY).
  • the expression vector containing the desired ORF is then further processed and inserted into the genome of a host cell to produce the recombinant cell of the present invention, such as by homologous recombination or integration forced by selective pressure; or introduced by viral infection of the cells.
  • the particular site chosen for insertion of the selected ORF fragment into the cloning vehicle to form a recombinant DNA molecule is determined by a variety of factors, known by one skilled in the art, such as size and structure of the peptide or protein to be expressed, susceptibility to degradation of the gene product by the host cell .and location of standard stop codons.
  • a host cell of the present invention is a vaccinia vims.
  • Vaccinia vims contains a linear double-stranded
  • Vaccinia vims transcriptional regulatory sequences allow for Initiation of transcription by vaccinia RNA polymerase but not by host cell RNA polymerase.
  • Plasmid vectors also called insertion vectors, have been constructed to insert foreign genes into vaccinia vims.
  • One type of insertion vector is composed of: (a) a vaccinia vims promoter including the transcriptional re ⁇
  • Recombinant vaccinia vimses are produced after recombinant bacterial insertion plasmids, containing the foreign gene, are transfected into cells previously infected with vaccinia vims. Homologous recombination takes place within the infected cells and results in the insertion of a foreign gene into the viral genome.
  • the infected cells can be screened using immunological techniques, DNA plaque hybridization, or genetic selection for recombinant vimses which subsequently can be isolated.
  • These vaccinia recombinants retain their essential functions and infectivity and can be constructed to accommodate approximately 35 kilobases of foreign DNA.
  • Foreign gene expression can be detected by examining RNA levels using Northern blotting or dot blotting and nucleic acid hybridization or by examining protein levels using immunological assays (for example, radioimmunoprecipitation, radioimmunoassay, or immunoblotting) .
  • immunological assays for example, radioimmunoprecipitation, radioimmunoassay, or immunoblotting
  • Peptides and peptide-conjugates of the present invention contain amino acid residue sequences that substantiaUy correspond to regions of expressed HPV proteins.
  • the peptides preferably correspond to those regions of HPV-induced proteins expressed in the recombinant cells of the present invention.
  • Particularly preferred peptides correspond to epitopic regions of HPV 16 E6 and/or E7 proteins.
  • the peptides can be prepared by either the solid phase synthesis method of Merrifield, referred to above, or by standard genetic engineering methodology.
  • compositions containing recombinant cells and/or peptides of the present invention are utilized as immunogenic compositions, vaccines and therapeutic compositions.
  • a composition containing a recombinant vaccinia vims that expresses an epitopic region of the HPV16 E7 protein is utilized as an immunogenic composition that can elicit a protective response in a patient to HPV infection and/or tumor initiation.
  • compositions of the present invention contain, in addition to the recombin-ant cells or peptides described herein, a physiologically tolerable diluent such as water or saline, and further typically include an adjuvant, as described herein above.
  • a physiologically tolerable diluent such as water or saline
  • the present invention also involves administering an effective amount of the recombinant cells and/or peptides, preferably expressing an HPV epitopic region, to a patient suffering from a condition resultant from HPV infection.
  • the recombinant cells and/or peptides of the present invention are administered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the recombin-ant cells and/or peptides and a pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the composition of the present invention is formulated in a unit dosage mjectable form (typically a solution, suspension or emulsion) in association with a pharmaceutical carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical carrier typically a solution, suspension or emulsion
  • Such carriers are inherently non-toxic .and non-therapeutic. Examples of such carriers are normal saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution and Hank's solution. Nonaqueous earners such as fixed oils and ethyl oleate may also be used.
  • a preferred carrier is 5% dextrose/saline.
  • the carrier can contain minor amounts of additives such as substances that enhance immunogenicity, isotonicity, and chemical stability, for example, buffers and preservatives.
  • carriers useful for such administration are well known in the
  • Antibodies and substantially whole antibodies raised to (induced by) recombinant cells and peptides of this invention as well as antigen combining sites prepared from such antibodies and anti-idiotypic antibodies prepared to these antibodies and/or antibody fragments constitute still another embodiment of this invention.
  • Such antibodies are raised in mammalian hosts such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, horses and the like by immunization using the inocula described hereinabove, or monoclonal antibodies conjugated to carriers for the purpose of raising anti-idiotypic antibodies.
  • the antibody molecules of this invention include whole antibody raised in mammals by immunizing them with inoculum containing a recombinant cell and/or peptide or anti-peptide antibody as described hereinabove.
  • Antibodies prepared against specific peptides of E6 and E7 will allow the examination of cellular homologs of E6 and E7.
  • peptides, such as peptide 359 contain part of a binding region for a retinoblastoma gene product termed RB105. Antibodies against such peptides may mimic RB105 and bind to cellular proteins sharing sequence homology with E7.
  • E7 could potentially identify cellul.ar proteins responsible for proliferation, and cellular proteins which may be normal ligands of RB105.
  • the ⁇ mti-idiotypes of such antibodies may mimic E7 and identify ligands other than RB105 of E7 itself or the homologs, i.e., cell proliferation proteins. This can lead to identification of other cellular proteins which interact with cellule proliferation proteins to either up or down-regulate proliferation, such as tumor suppressor proteins or transforming proteins.
  • Similar studies can be applied to E6 and its ligand p53 and other unknown ligands of either E6 or p53.
  • Rabbits may be immunized with inocula containing 50 ⁇ g to 1.0 mg of recombinant cells and/or a peptide conjugate in complete Freund's adjuvant, and boosted two or three weeks later with 10 ⁇ g to 1.0 mg of recombinant cells or conjugated peptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
  • Each rabbit immunization consists of ten intradermal injections on the back, two of which are in the sub-scapular region and boosts in five sites, one being in the sub-scapular region. Rabbits were bled two weeks post-prim ⁇ uy and one week (5 - 8 days) subsequent to the boosts.
  • Sera containing immunologically active antibodies would then be produced from the bleeds by methods well known in the -art. These antibodies are immunoreactive with one or more of the peptides of this invention. Such antibodies can then be utilized by similar methodology to produce .anti-idiotypic antibodies of one or more peptides of this invention.
  • Suitable monoclonal antibodies can also be prepared using hybridoma technology described by Niman et al. (1983) Proc.
  • a myeloma or other self-perpetuating cell line is fused with lymphocytes obtained from the spleen of a mammal hyperimmunized with a recombinant cell or peptide or antibody of the present invention.
  • the myeloma cell line be from the same species as the lymphocytes, but cross-species hybrids can be raised in nude mice.
  • a mouse of the strain Balb/c is the preferred mammal.
  • Suitable mouse myelomas for use in the present invention include AG-8 cells and NS-1 cells.
  • Splenocytes are typically fused with myeloma cells using a polyethylene glycol, such as PEG 1500 or PEG 6000.
  • Fused hybrids are selected by their sensitivity to HAT media (hypoxanthine, .aminopterin, and thymidine).
  • Hybridomas producing the antibody molecules of the present invention are identified using the enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) described hereinafter.
  • ELISA enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay
  • Monoclonal antibodies need not only be obtained from hybridoma supernatant, but may also be obtained in generally more concentrated form, from ascites fluid of mammals into which the desired hybridoma have been introduced. Production of monoclonal antibodies using ascites fluid is well known and will not be dealt with further herein.
  • Methods are contemplated by the present invention for the inhibition and tteatment of HPV infection and conditions resultant from HPV infection in patients.
  • a method for the treatment of a condition resultant from HPV infection includes the administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of the present invention for a time period sufficient to inhibit the progression of the condition.
  • a composition of the present invention include cervical warts and human cervical carcinoma, in which treatment with the composition of the present invention prevents or retards the further progression of the condition in the patient.
  • a prophylactic method is further contemplated to inhibit tumor initiation in a patient following the detection of HPV infection by which a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of this invention is administered to the patient to elicit a protective response that inhibits tumor initiation.
  • administration of an immunogenic composition containing the recombinant cells and/or peptides of the present invention elicits the recruitment of CD8+ T lymphocytes that mediate the inhibition of tumor initiation in the patient.
  • a method for inhibiting HPV infection in a patient at risk for exposure to HPV is also contemplated in the present invention.
  • a sufficient amount of an immunogenic composition containing the recombinant cells and/or peptides of this invention is administered to a patient to effectively elicit an immunologically protective response in the patient to inhibit subsequent infection by HPV.
  • the immunogenic composition is a vaccine that when administered immunized the patient against HPV infection.
  • the E6 and E7 ORFS were cloned from a pBR322 plasmid (pBR322/HPV16) containing the entire HPV16 genome.
  • the 630 bp Ddel fragment (bp# 25-654) contains the E6 ORF.
  • the Ddel fragments were blunt-ended with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase and subjected to gel electrophoresis in 3% NuSieve genetic technology grade (GTG) (FMC
  • the vaccinia expression vector utilized was pGS62 which is identical to pGS20 (Mackett et al. (1984) J. Virol. 49:857-864.) with the exception that an EcoRI site was deleted from the plasmid, leaving only one EcoR site downstream of the Smal site.
  • This vector was linearized with Smal, and dephosphorylated by treatment with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) and gel purified. Recovery of the fragment from the gel was performed as described for the E6 ORF from pBR322.
  • the recombinant plasmid having the structure indicated in FIGURE 1, was isolated, characterized and propagated by standard molecular biological procedures as described in Maniatis, T. et al. (1982) in Molecul-ar Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York) and Ausubel, F. M. et al.
  • the complete HPV 16 genome cloned in pBR322 was cleaved with Taql and Pstl and subjected to electrophoresis.
  • the 374 bp fragment containing the E7 ORF was gel purified as described for E6.
  • the pIC 20R vector (Marsh, J.L., et al. (1984) Gene 22:481-485) was cleaved with Pstl and Clal and gel purified.
  • the recombinant pIC 20R E7 plasmid having the indicated structure
  • FIGURE 2 (FIGURE 2) was isolated, characterized and propagated as described above.
  • the pIC 20R E7 was treated with EcoRI and the fragment containing the E7 ORF was purified by gel electrophoresis.
  • the vaccinia expression plasmid pGS62 was cleaved with EcoRI, treated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase and gel purified as described.
  • the recombinant plasmid indicated in FIGURE 2 containing the E7 ORF and 56 bp untranslated 5', and 24 bp 3' of the E7 ORF was obtained, characterized and propagated.
  • Both recombinant vaccinia expression plasmids were expanded and purified by CsCl, ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation.
  • E6 or E7 ORFs were designed to insert the open reading frames at a unique cloning site just downstream of a vaccinia vims transcriptional control element (7.5 k promoter) which is expressed at both early and late times after infection (Earl et al, (1990) J. Virol. 64:2448-2451).
  • the ORFs are flanked by the left .and right arms of the vaccinia thymidine kinase (TK) gene to facilitate homologous recombination with the vaccinia virus genome.
  • TK thymidine kinase
  • the pGS62/E6 and pGS62/E7 were separately inserted into the vaccinia vims genome within the thymidine kinase gene by homologous recombination.
  • the parental vims, v-NY derived from the Wyeth smallpox vaccine (New York City Board of Health strain) was propagated in BSC40 cells .after three plaque purifications. Briefly, the chimeric plasmid was introduced into cells previously infected by the parental type vaccinia vims. The TK region of the plasmid is homologous to the TK region of the vims.
  • the inserted plasmid recombined, inserting the foreign gene into the vaccinia vims genome, rendering the recombinant vims TK " .
  • the TK" vims was selected in TK " cells grown in the presence of medium containing 5bromodeoxyuridine.
  • the recombinMt vimses were purified by tliree rounds of plaque purification and chimeric vimses were identified by hybridization of the viral DNAs with either 32 P-Labelled E6 or E7 DNA purified from a bacterial vector.
  • the HPV 16 open reading frames (ORF) for E6 and E7 were separately cloned into the mammalian expression vector pCDM8 (Invitrogen, S.an Diego, CA) at the Hind UL site downstream of the immediate early (IE) cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (FIGURES 1 and 2).
  • the E6 ORF was subcloned by gel-purifying the BamHI, EcoRI fragment from the pGS62/E6 vaccinia vims expression plasmid and ligating it into the BamHI, EcoRI cleaved pIC 20H plasmid in order to obtain a Hind III site at the 5' end of the E6 ORF for directional cloning into pCDM8.
  • Plasmid pIC 20 H/E6 was digested with Hind in and Xhol and the E6 ORF, along with untranslated sequences of of 58bp that are 5' and 98bp that are 3' of the ORF, was gel-purified and ligated into the Hind ffl, Xhol-digested pCDM8 vector.
  • the recombinant pCDM8/E6 shown in FIGURE 1 was isolated, characterized and propogated, as described herein above. The colonies formed were screened by standard miniprep DNA purification methods, followed by treatment of the DNAs with restriction endonucleases.
  • the combinations of enzymes were selected to yield diagnostic banding patterns of the DNA fragments cloned in the correct orientation with respect to the direction of transcription, i.e 5' to 3'.
  • Appropriate clones were amplified and their DNA purified by CsCl, ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation.
  • the E7 ORF was gel purified from pIC 20R/E7 as an EcoRI, Pstl fragment and subcloned into pIC 20H at the EcoRI and Pstl sites (FIGURE 2).
  • the E7 ORF was removed from pIC 20H/E7 using Hind m and Pstl in order to introduce a Hind III site at the 5' end of the E7 ORF.
  • the E7 ORF-containing fragment was gel-purified and ligated into the Hind III, Pstl-cleaved pCDM8 expression pl.asmid, along with 56bp untranslated HPV sequence 5' of the ORF and 24bp untranslated HPV sequence 3' of the E7 ORF, to produce pCDM8/E7 shown in FIGURE 2. Colonies were screened, amplified and the DNA purified as outlined above.
  • a DNA nucleotide sequence corresponding to at least one epitopic region of either the E6 or E7 nucleoprotein of human papilloma vims is inserted into a mammalian expression vector and transfected into epithelial or fibroblast cells by the methods described in Example 3, hereinabove, using standard calcium phosphate precipitation techniques followed by glycerol shock. The cells are then placed in G418-containing Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's medium
  • BSC40 monkey cells infected for 12 hours with a vaccinia recombinant vims of the present invention or CaSki cervical carcinoma cells (obtained from the ATCC) were labelled for 60 minutes in a 10 cm culture dish in methionine-free medium supplemented with 5% di.alizyed fetal calf semm
  • FCS Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
  • lysing buffer 20 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 0.5% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% deoxycholate, 0.5% sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), 0.1 trypsin inhibitor unit/ml of aprotinin, and 1 mM EDTA
  • the lysate was pre-cleared by incubation at 4 °C for 1 hour with 10 ⁇ l of normal rabbit semm or vaccinia immune rabbit semm and protein A-Sepharose beads. After centrifugation the beads were discarded. The cleared lysates were incubated with rabbit ⁇ E6 (D. Lowy) or E7 ( ⁇ !6E7NP) immune semm that had been preadsorbed by incubation with unlabelled vaccinia vims lysate. Protein
  • A-coated Seph-arose beads were then added to the mixture of immune rabbit antibody and cell lysate, and incubated. After centrifugation the beads were washed twice with RIPA buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.4), 0.15 M NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 1 % deoxycholate, 0.1 % SDS, 0.1 trypsin inhibitor unit/ml of aprotinin) and then consecutively with high-salt buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.4), 2 M NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 0.5% deoxycholate), low salt buffer (0.5% NP-40, 0.1 % SDS in PBS), 1 M MgCl2, 1 M Tris-HCl(pH 7.4) and RIPA buffer.
  • RIPA buffer 10 mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.4), 0.15 M NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 1 % deoxycholate, 0.1 % SDS, 0.1 tryps
  • the proteins were released from the antibodies and beads by boiling for 5 minutes in sample buffer and analyzed by 17.5% SDS-PAGE in comparision to prestained standard molecular weight markers.
  • FIG. 5 demonstrated that E7 protein is degraded 2-6 hours after synthesis. Similar results have been shown for the E7 protein in CaSki cells (D. Smotkin and F. Wettstein, (1987) J. Virol. 61:1686-1689) that carry the entire HPV16 genome. The migration of the E7 proteins appears identical to that seen in the CaSki lysate, suggesting that a full length gene product is made in the recombinant vaccinia cells. EXAMPLE 6
  • COS monkey cells were transfected with the pCDM8/E7 plasmid of the present invention and grown in culture for 48 hours. The cells were then labelled with 35 S-Met and 35 S-Cys as described in EXAMPLE 5 for CaSlti cells. The cells were then partitioned into nuclear, cytosol and membrane fractions as described in Sato et al. (1989) Virology 17Q:311-315.
  • the proteins were released by boiling for 5 minutes in sample buffer, as described in EXAMPLE 5, and analyzed by 17.5% SDS polyacrylamide gels in comparision to prestained standard molecular weight markers. Autoradiography of the gels demonstrated the presence of a band at about 18 kDa upon precipitation with anti-E7 rabbit semm. The results .are shown in FIGURE 6.
  • NaCl (5.0 M) and 10% NP-40 were added to a final concentration of 0.3 M and 0.7%, respectively, and the mixture was maintained at 0-4°C for 30 minutes.
  • the solution was passed through an 18-gauge needle three times to reduce its viscosity, .and was maintained at 0-4°C for additional 30 minutes.
  • the insoluble fraction was pelleted at 16,000 x g at 4°C for 10 minutes, resuspended in 10 ml of 10 mM Tris(pH 8.0)-1.0 M NaCl, and maintained at O to 4°C for 10 minutes.
  • the insoluble fraction was pelleted, as described above, resuspended in 1.0 ml of Laemmli protein sample buffer (Laemmli (1970) Nature 227:680) (10 ml 0.625 M TRIS pH 6.8, 20 ml 10% SDS, 20 ml glycerol, 2 ml 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 ml 1.5% Bromophenol Blue (prepared in 70% reagent alcohol), 1 ml 1.0% Pyronin Y (Biorad Catalog No. 161-0425, or equivalent, prepared in H2O), and 36 ml deionized H2O) .and heated to 100°C for 5 minutes.
  • Laemmli protein sample buffer Laemmli (1970) Nature 227:680
  • 10 ml 0.625 M TRIS pH 6.8, 20 ml 10% SDS, 20 ml glycerol, 2 ml 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 ml 1.5% Bromophenol Blue prepared in 70% reagent alcohol
  • Fusion protein preparations were separated by electrophoresis through
  • Blocking reagent was prepared from a 50 ml induced bacterial culture which was pelleted, resuspended in 3.6 ml of 50 mM Tris (pH 8.5), 5 mM
  • this mixture (“Blocko") w-as diluted 1:20 in blotto, and NP-40, and sodium deoxycholate were added to a final concentration of 0.1 % each.
  • Rabbit sera were diluted 1:100 in 2.5 ml blocking reagent and preincubated at 4 C C for 8 hours. Nitrocellulose blots were then added, and incubation at 4°C was continued for 16-18 hours. The blots were washed three times in 0.5% deoxycholate, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.5% Triton X-100, and 10 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.5) for 20 minutes per each wash.
  • Goat anti-rabbit semm conjugated with .alkaline phosphatase (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN) was added diluted 1:1000 in blotto. After a 2 hour incubation at about 27°C, the filters were again washed three times and transferred to the solution of substrate (TABLE 1) for 10 minutes or until color developed. The reaction was stopped by rinsing the filters in distilled water. The filters were dried and photographed.
  • Trizma base 25 mM Tris 60.53 g Glycine (1.95 mM) 288.27 g
  • Nonfat powdered milk (5 %) NaCl (0.9%) Antifoam A (0.1%) Sodium azide (0.1%) Potassium iodide (1 mM)
  • NBT substrate 50 mg/ml in 70% dimethyiformamide
  • BCIP substrate 50 mg/ml in 100% dimethyiformamide 33 ⁇ i
  • Synthetic peptides corresponding to specific regions of either the E6 or E7 nucleoprotein of HPV16 were synthesized.
  • peptide 359 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant and administered to mice subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. Approximately 3 and 5 1/2 weeks later, booster injections were given intraperitoneally in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Spleen cells were harvested after 3 days and fused with the AG8 myeloma line by standard hybridoma techniques, (see Milstein, supra.). Supemates from healthy clones were screened for the presence of specific .antibody in ELISA assays using plates coated with the unconjugated peptide at 500 nanograms per well in 0.1 M carbonate buffer, pH 9.6.
  • Rabbits were immunized by intradermal administration of 100 ⁇ g of the peptide conjugated to KLH, mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. The animals were boosted three weeks later by intradermal administration of 50 ⁇ g of the peptide conjugated to KLH, mixed with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The rabbits were bled three days after this boost.
  • the .anti-peptide 359 antiserum was the most reactive of the antisera tested in these Western blots, having a titer of ⁇ 409,600.
  • the specificity of these reactions were demonstrated by reacting two serum dilutions with both the homologous Trp fusion protein and with the Trp control antigens in Western blots.
  • the sera were found to be specific for the homologous fusion protein (FIGURE 11). Titers for the anti-peptide 359 antisera were ⁇ l, 000,000 in this assay.
  • Positive control rabbit sera ( ⁇ l6E7NP .and ⁇ l6E6DS) were prepared against Trp E-E6 fusion protein, pl6 E6 DS-2 (DraIII(lll)-Sau3a(525)) -and against E7 fusion protein, pl6 E7 NPI (Nsi I (562)-PstI(875)) respectively, and provided by D. Galloway, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
  • KLH conjugated E6 and E7 peptides as described in Example 10, were used in an ELISA assay to determine whether they represent antigenic epitopes, recognized by animals immunized with bacterially expressed HPV 16 E6 or HP VI 6 E7 fusion proteins.
  • Titer was determined as the reciprocal of the highest serum dilution showing four-fold higher ELISA values than background. Background was determined using normal rabbit serum at 1:100 on the same peptide-coated plates. Two peptides from the E6 sequence (357 and 358) were similarly studied. The results are shown in Table 5 for use of two different anti-E6 antisera. Peptide number 358 is reactive with HPV16-E6 (Lowy) at a serum dilution of 1:400, while ⁇ l6E6DS has a lower reactivity (1:100). Peptide 357 was weakly recognized by ⁇ l6E6DS at a 1:100 serum dilution.
  • Titers were determined as the reciprocal of the highest dilution showing EUSA values three times background values, with background determined as in Table 4.
  • FIGURE 12 illustrate the recognition of the E7 peptide by anti-E7 peptide antisera.
  • fibroblast cells that were transfected with the pCDM8/E7 plasmid as described in Example 3, hereinabove, were examined by RNA dot blot assay.
  • RT-PCR reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction
  • Cytoplasmic RNA from these transfected cells were isolated as described in Ausubel et al. (1989) in Current Protocol in Molecular Biology. Greene Publishing Associates.
  • Typical primer extension-RT of cytoplasmic RNA to synthesize first strand cDNA was used, together with PCR to amplify the cDNA.
  • One ⁇ g of the cytoplasmic RNA was used as a template for the amplification reactions.
  • the first strand cDNA was synthesized by using murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Life Sciences).
  • RT buffer containing denatured RNA samples, 1 ⁇ g denatured random hexamer, 1 mM of each deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP), 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 5 mM dithiothreitol, 10 units of RNasin (Promega, Madison, WI) and 18 units of murine leukemia reverse transcriptase was ma ⁇ uained for one hour at 42°C, and subsequently denatured at lOO°C for 10 minutes. The supernatant was used for PCR.
  • the oligonucleotide primers used for PCR were
  • HPVA22 5'-GCATGGAGATACACCTACATTG-3' and HPVA20: 5 * -TGGTTTCTGAGAACAGATGG-3' (DNA Factory, San Diego, CA).
  • the cDNA fragments of 292 bp were amplified.
  • the PCR reaction mixture (GeneAmp DNA amplification Reagent Kit, Perkin Elmer Cetus, Norwalk, CT) contains 200 ⁇ M dNTP, 1 ⁇ M primer HPV A22 and HPV A20, various cDNA synthesized by RT and 2.5 units of Taq polymerase.
  • One ng of pCDM8/E7 plasmid was used in the PCR as a positive control.
  • PCR denaturation at 94 °C for 1 minute, annealing at 50 °C for 2 minutes and extension at 72 °C for 3 minutes
  • DNA Thermal Cycler Perkin Elmer Cetus
  • 20 ⁇ l of PCR products were fractionated by electrophoresis on a 4% NuSieve agarose gel (FMC Bioproducts, Rockland, ME) stained with ethidium bromide.
  • FIGURE 13 illustrates that the PCR products from three transfectants (E7C3, N7.2 and N7.4) display the predicted 292 bp DNA fragments.
  • the parental cell lines melanoma and NCTC 2555 fibroblasts cells, however, do not display these fragments.
  • mice Groups of 5 mice each were injected intraperitoneally with a non-tumor- igenic transfectant, derived from NCTC 2555 fibroblast cells, expressing either an HPV-E6 or -E7 epitope and expressing a high level of major-histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen.
  • the mice were then challenged by subcutaneous administration of a tumorigenic dose (4 x 10 6 cells) of M2 melanoma cells transfected with HPV16 E7 (E7C3) on the shaved right backs of the mice. Tumor ⁇ rass was determined by measurement of the diameter of the tumor.
  • results, shown in FIGURE 14, show that immunization with fibroblast cells expressing an E7 epitope resulted in a transient development of tumors by the E7C3 cells which was invariably followed by tumor regression. Inoculation with fibroblast cells expressing an HPV16 E6 epitope, on the other hand, did not inhibit tumor formation by E7C3 cells and non-immune mice consistently developed primary tumors when challenged with E7C3 cells.
  • mice were immunized with NCTC 2555 derived non-tumorigenic fibroblasts transfected with HPV 16 E7 (N7.2). These mice were then each injected intraperitoneally with 1.0 ml of PBS-diluted ascites fluid containing 1 mg of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (clone 116-13.1 IgG2A from ATCC) to deplete the CD8 + T lymphocytes. Control mice received 1 ml of PBS-diluted .ascites fluid containing an isotype-matched anti-CD5 monoclonal antibody (hybridoma 10.2 IgG2a, Oncogen).
  • an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody clone 116-13.1 IgG2A from ATCC
  • N7.2-immunized anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody treated mice developed progressive tumors when challenged with E7C3 cells.
  • the control N7.2-immunized anti-CD5 monoclonal antibody-treated mice resisted progressive tumor development when challenged with E7C3 cells.
  • FACS analysis of the lymphocytes population of the mice was earned out by staining splenocytes of these mice with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 and then monitoring by florescent activated cell sorter analysis.
  • the results are shown in FIGURE 16. Depletion of CD8 + cells was shown to be greater than 90% in anti-CD8 treated mice.
  • the CD4+ lymphocyte subset in those mice was measured with fluoresein conjugated anti-CD4 and demonstrated no change in CD4 subset in these mice.

Abstract

Peptides, anticorps et systèmes ou cellules d'expression de recombinaison qui contiennent et expriment un insert d'ADN du virus du papillome humain (VPH) codant une région d'un papillome induit ou d'une protéine de papillome, telle que E6 ou E7, sont produits. Des compositions contenant ces peptides, des anticorps et/ou des cellules de recombinaison sont utilisées en tant que compositions immunogéniques et dans des procédés pour inhiber et traiter une infection par le VPH ainsi qu'un début et une progression de tumeur. Des peptides spécifiques et des cellules de recombinaison, tels que le virus de la vaccine et des cellules tumorales, qui expriment des régions épitopiques de la nucléoprotéine VPH16 E6 ou E7, sont particulièrement décrits.
PCT/US1991/007081 1990-09-26 1991-09-26 Expression de proteines virales du papillome humain et utilisation dans des compositions immunogeniques WO1992005248A1 (fr)

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EP0523391A1 (fr) * 1991-07-13 1993-01-20 BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation des peptides dérivés des E6 et E7 gènes de HPV-16 pour l'usage diagnostique
WO1993020844A1 (fr) * 1992-04-08 1993-10-28 Cancer Research Campaign Technology Ltd. Proteine e7 du virus du papillome
WO1993022338A1 (fr) * 1992-05-05 1993-11-11 Rijksuniversiteit Leiden Peptides du virus du papillome humain utilisables dans les compositions induisant une reaction des lymphocytes t chez l'homme
WO1994023037A1 (fr) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-13 Cancer Research Campaign Technology Limited Produits pharmaceutiques a base de papillomavirus
WO1996019496A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Csl Limited Variantes des antigenes du virus des papillomes humains
WO1996026277A1 (fr) * 1995-02-24 1996-08-29 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research Limited Polypeptides utiles comme agents immunotherapeutiques et procedes de preparation de polypeptides
WO1998004706A1 (fr) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-05 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research Limited Polypeptides utiles comme agents d'immunotherapie et procedes de preparation de polypeptides
EP0840747A1 (fr) * 1995-07-27 1998-05-13 Csl Limited Produits de recombinaison de polyproteine de papillomavirus
WO1999010375A2 (fr) * 1997-08-22 1999-03-04 Smithkline Beecham Biologicals S.A. Vaccin
US6013517A (en) * 1994-05-09 2000-01-11 Chiron Corporation Crossless retroviral vectors
WO2000073335A1 (fr) * 1999-06-01 2000-12-07 Medigene Aktiengesellschaft Epitopes cytotoxiques de cellule t de la proteine l1 du papillomavirus et leur application en diagnostic et therapie
WO2001019408A1 (fr) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-22 Zycos Inc. Acides nucleiques codant pour des polypeptides de polyepitopes
US6911207B1 (en) 1999-06-01 2005-06-28 Medigene Aktiengesellschaft Cytotoxic T-cell epitopes of the papillomavirus L1-protein and use thereof in diagnostics and therapy
JP2006500927A (ja) * 2002-09-13 2006-01-12 ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・クイーンズランド コドン翻訳効率に基づく遺伝子発現系
WO2006081323A3 (fr) * 2005-01-26 2007-05-18 Univ Johns Hopkins Vaccin d'adn anticancereux utilisant des plasmides codant un antigene et une calreticuline tels que des oncoproteines mutantes
EP1881075A1 (fr) 1994-05-09 2008-01-23 Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited Vecteurs rétroviraux dotés d'un taux réduit de recombinaisons
AU2007201619B2 (en) * 1999-09-16 2011-05-12 Eisai Inc. Nucleic acids encoding polyepitope polypeptides
US8007781B2 (en) 2000-08-03 2011-08-30 The Johns Hopkins University Molecular vaccine linking an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone polypeptide to an antigen
US8128922B2 (en) 1999-10-20 2012-03-06 Johns Hopkins University Superior molecular vaccine linking the translocation domain of a bacterial toxin to an antigen
US8287880B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2012-10-16 National Health Research Institutes Lipidated vaccine against dengue virus infection
US8426163B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2013-04-23 National Health Research Institutes Production of lipidated proteins in E. coli
US8466259B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2013-06-18 National Health Research Institutes Adjuvants
US8658767B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-02-25 National Health Research Institutes Lipidated polyepitope vaccines
US8658176B2 (en) 2009-06-22 2014-02-25 National Health Research Institutes Lipidated tumor-associated antigens and immunotherapeutic compositions
US8771990B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-07-08 National Health Research Institutes Method of producing lipidated polypeptides
US9011866B2 (en) 2005-01-06 2015-04-21 The Johns Hopkins University RNA interference that blocks expression of pro-apoptotic proteins potentiates immunity induced by DNA and transfected dendritic cell vaccines
US9085638B2 (en) 2007-03-07 2015-07-21 The Johns Hopkins University DNA vaccine enhancement with MHC class II activators
US9701725B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2017-07-11 The Johns Hopkins University Anti-cancer DNA vaccine employing plasmids encoding signal sequence, mutant oncoprotein antigen, and heat shock protein
US10660948B2 (en) * 2015-03-18 2020-05-26 Omnicyte Fusion proteins comprising modified alpha virus surface glycoproteins and tumor associated antigen and methods thereof
US11844830B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2023-12-19 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Vaccines for human papilloma virus and methods for using the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0523391A1 (fr) * 1991-07-13 1993-01-20 BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation des peptides dérivés des E6 et E7 gènes de HPV-16 pour l'usage diagnostique
US5629161A (en) * 1991-07-13 1997-05-13 Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft Use of HVP-16 E6 and E7-gene derived peptides to diagnose HPV-16-associated invasive cervical cancer
WO1993020844A1 (fr) * 1992-04-08 1993-10-28 Cancer Research Campaign Technology Ltd. Proteine e7 du virus du papillome
WO1993022338A1 (fr) * 1992-05-05 1993-11-11 Rijksuniversiteit Leiden Peptides du virus du papillome humain utilisables dans les compositions induisant une reaction des lymphocytes t chez l'homme
US7364741B1 (en) 1992-05-05 2008-04-29 Pharmexa Inc. Peptides of human Papilloma virus for use in human T cell response inducing compositions
WO1994023037A1 (fr) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-13 Cancer Research Campaign Technology Limited Produits pharmaceutiques a base de papillomavirus
US6020309A (en) * 1993-03-31 2000-02-01 Cancer Research Campaign Technology Limited Pharmaceuticals based on papillomaviruses
EP1881075A1 (fr) 1994-05-09 2008-01-23 Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited Vecteurs rétroviraux dotés d'un taux réduit de recombinaisons
US6333195B1 (en) 1994-05-09 2001-12-25 Chiron Corporation Crossless retroviral vectors
US6013517A (en) * 1994-05-09 2000-01-11 Chiron Corporation Crossless retroviral vectors
AU693627B2 (en) * 1994-12-20 1998-07-02 Csl Limited Variants of human papilloma virus antigens
JPH10510989A (ja) * 1994-12-20 1998-10-27 シーエスエル、リミテッド ヒトパピローマウイルス抗原の変異体
US6303128B1 (en) 1994-12-20 2001-10-16 Csl Limited Method for protein expression
US6004557A (en) * 1994-12-20 1999-12-21 Csl Limited Variants of human papillomavirus antigens
US6306397B1 (en) 1994-12-20 2001-10-23 Csl Limited Variants of human papilloma virus antigens
WO1996019496A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Csl Limited Variantes des antigenes du virus des papillomes humains
JPH11501804A (ja) * 1995-02-24 1999-02-16 キャンタブ ファーマシューティカルズ リサーチ リミティド 免疫治療剤として役立つポリペプチド及びポリペプチド調製の方法
US5955087A (en) * 1995-02-24 1999-09-21 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research Limited Polypeptides useful as immunotherapeutic agents and methods of polypeptide preparation
WO1996026277A1 (fr) * 1995-02-24 1996-08-29 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research Limited Polypeptides utiles comme agents immunotherapeutiques et procedes de preparation de polypeptides
US6123948A (en) * 1995-02-24 2000-09-26 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research Limited Polypeptides useful as immunotherapeutic agents and methods of polypeptide preparation
EP0840747A4 (fr) * 1995-07-27 2002-10-23 Csl Ltd Produits de recombinaison de polyproteine de papillomavirus
EP1847549A3 (fr) * 1995-07-27 2008-01-16 Csl Limited Constructions de polyprotéine de papillomavirus
EP0840747A1 (fr) * 1995-07-27 1998-05-13 Csl Limited Produits de recombinaison de polyproteine de papillomavirus
EP1847549A2 (fr) * 1995-07-27 2007-10-24 Csl Limited Constructions de polyprotéine de papillomavirus
US6365160B1 (en) * 1995-07-27 2002-04-02 Csl Limited Papillomavirus polyprotein constructs
US6726912B1 (en) 1995-07-27 2004-04-27 Csl Limited Papillomavirus polyprotein constructs
WO1998004706A1 (fr) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-05 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research Limited Polypeptides utiles comme agents d'immunotherapie et procedes de preparation de polypeptides
WO1999010375A2 (fr) * 1997-08-22 1999-03-04 Smithkline Beecham Biologicals S.A. Vaccin
US6342224B1 (en) 1997-08-22 2002-01-29 Smithkline Beecham Biologicals, S.A. Recombinant papillomavirus vaccine and method for production and treatment
WO1999010375A3 (fr) * 1997-08-22 1999-06-10 Smithkline Beecham Biolog Vaccin
US6911207B1 (en) 1999-06-01 2005-06-28 Medigene Aktiengesellschaft Cytotoxic T-cell epitopes of the papillomavirus L1-protein and use thereof in diagnostics and therapy
WO2000073335A1 (fr) * 1999-06-01 2000-12-07 Medigene Aktiengesellschaft Epitopes cytotoxiques de cellule t de la proteine l1 du papillomavirus et leur application en diagnostic et therapie
US6838084B1 (en) 1999-06-01 2005-01-04 Medigene Aktiengesellschaft Cytotoxic T-cell epitopes of the papilloma virus l1-protein and use thereof in diagnosis and therapy
WO2001019408A1 (fr) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-22 Zycos Inc. Acides nucleiques codant pour des polypeptides de polyepitopes
AU785319B2 (en) * 1999-09-16 2007-01-11 Eisai Inc. Nucleic acids encoding polyepitope polypeptides
AU2007201619B2 (en) * 1999-09-16 2011-05-12 Eisai Inc. Nucleic acids encoding polyepitope polypeptides
US9758551B2 (en) 1999-10-20 2017-09-12 The Johns Hopkins University Superior molecular vaccine linking the translocation domain of a bacterial toxin to an antigen
US8128922B2 (en) 1999-10-20 2012-03-06 Johns Hopkins University Superior molecular vaccine linking the translocation domain of a bacterial toxin to an antigen
US8007781B2 (en) 2000-08-03 2011-08-30 The Johns Hopkins University Molecular vaccine linking an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone polypeptide to an antigen
JP2006500927A (ja) * 2002-09-13 2006-01-12 ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・クイーンズランド コドン翻訳効率に基づく遺伝子発現系
US9701725B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2017-07-11 The Johns Hopkins University Anti-cancer DNA vaccine employing plasmids encoding signal sequence, mutant oncoprotein antigen, and heat shock protein
US9011866B2 (en) 2005-01-06 2015-04-21 The Johns Hopkins University RNA interference that blocks expression of pro-apoptotic proteins potentiates immunity induced by DNA and transfected dendritic cell vaccines
WO2006081323A3 (fr) * 2005-01-26 2007-05-18 Univ Johns Hopkins Vaccin d'adn anticancereux utilisant des plasmides codant un antigene et une calreticuline tels que des oncoproteines mutantes
US9085638B2 (en) 2007-03-07 2015-07-21 The Johns Hopkins University DNA vaccine enhancement with MHC class II activators
US8466259B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2013-06-18 National Health Research Institutes Adjuvants
US8426163B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2013-04-23 National Health Research Institutes Production of lipidated proteins in E. coli
US8287880B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2012-10-16 National Health Research Institutes Lipidated vaccine against dengue virus infection
US8658176B2 (en) 2009-06-22 2014-02-25 National Health Research Institutes Lipidated tumor-associated antigens and immunotherapeutic compositions
US8658767B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-02-25 National Health Research Institutes Lipidated polyepitope vaccines
US8771990B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-07-08 National Health Research Institutes Method of producing lipidated polypeptides
US11844830B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2023-12-19 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Vaccines for human papilloma virus and methods for using the same
US10660948B2 (en) * 2015-03-18 2020-05-26 Omnicyte Fusion proteins comprising modified alpha virus surface glycoproteins and tumor associated antigen and methods thereof

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CN1067382A (zh) 1992-12-30
TW221691B (fr) 1994-03-11
AU8762991A (en) 1992-04-15

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