WO1990008333A1 - Interrupteur de lumiere de faisceau de securite - Google Patents

Interrupteur de lumiere de faisceau de securite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990008333A1
WO1990008333A1 PCT/SE1990/000008 SE9000008W WO9008333A1 WO 1990008333 A1 WO1990008333 A1 WO 1990008333A1 SE 9000008 W SE9000008 W SE 9000008W WO 9008333 A1 WO9008333 A1 WO 9008333A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
receiver
pulse train
transmitter
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1990/000008
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mats Linger
Torgny Olsson
Gunnar Widell
Original Assignee
Mats Linger
Torgny Olsson
Gunnar Widell
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE8804007A external-priority patent/SE8804007L/xx
Priority claimed from SE8904144A external-priority patent/SE503145C2/sv
Application filed by Mats Linger, Torgny Olsson, Gunnar Widell filed Critical Mats Linger
Publication of WO1990008333A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990008333A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
    • F16P3/00—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body
    • F16P3/12—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine
    • F16P3/14—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact
    • F16P3/144—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact using light grids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/181—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/183—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for actively protecting people and machines from the effect of equipment which is hazardous from the aspect of per ⁇ sonal safety, and also to a method of using the appara ⁇ tus.
  • the apparatus comprises an optical transmitter, an optical receiver and an electronic monitoring unit and is characterized in that the serviceability or opera- tional reliability of the apparatus is tested by a sig ⁇ nal-synchronized and duplicated active monitoring procedure; in that resetting is duplicated and inter ⁇ ruptions and short-circuits are monitored; and in that by-passing of the monitoring unit is duplicated and monitored.
  • several optical receivers and transmitters are connected in series and/or parallel, so as to enable the apparatus to be used over a wider field.
  • Figure 1 is a block schematic in which:
  • 100 is an optical transmitter in which components 107-110 are incorporated 107 is an osciilator
  • 110 is an apparatus for converting an electric pulse train to an optical pulse train having the same signal pattern as the electrical pulse train 200 is an optical receiver in which components 205-230 are incorporated
  • 205 is an apparatus for converting an optical pulse train to an electrical pulse train which has the same signal pattern as the optical pulse train 210 is a logic pulse-counting unit 215 is a passive monitoring device
  • - 220 is a dynamic testing device - 225 is a relay
  • - 300 is a logic relay unit
  • - 400 is a resetting device
  • Output 1 is an output to monitored equipment
  • Output 2 is an output to monitored equipment
  • the broken line frames embrace devices having built-in components.
  • the full-line circles denote coupling terminals.
  • the full lines denote signal connections.
  • the arrows denote the directional sense of respective connections.
  • the line-crossings which include a point denote a signal connection in the direction of the arrows between the crossing lines.
  • the line-crossings which have no point denote that these lines have no signal connection. The above also applies to Figure 2 referred to below.
  • Apparatus incorporating an active monitoring facility as described in this document is an apparatus in which all of the apparatus components that are capable of occupying different states (e.g. high and low, one and zero, conductive and non-conductive) at short time intervals are constantly switched between these states and in which when switching is completed, the outputs of the apparatus send to the monitored equipment signals which instruct said equipment to carry out in ⁇ tended working cycles, and in which when said switching is unsatisfactory, no signals are sent to the monitored equipment instructing said equipment to carry out its working cycles.
  • an apparatus of this kind con ⁇ stantly monitors the serviceability or operational reliability of its components. The serviceability of the components of apparatus provided with a passive monitoring facility is not tested constantly.
  • FIG. l An embodiment of a safety guard beam light switch according to known techniques illustrated in Figure l has the following modus operandi.
  • the transmitter 100 transmits an optical pulse train
  • the pulse train 105 which normally has a continuously repeated signal pattern.
  • the pulse train 105 is received by the re ⁇ DCver 200, the converter 205 of which converts the pulse train 105 to an electric pulse train 207 which has the same signal pattern as the optical pulse train 105.
  • the pulse train 207 is transmitted to the logic unit 210, which counts the number of pulses in the pulse train, and also to the passive monitoring device 215, which monitors the frequency of the pulse train and the number of pulses contained therein.
  • the passive monitoring device 215 sends a signal 217 to the logic unit 210.
  • the signal 217 sent to the logic unit 210 is a clear signal, whereas if an error or a fault is detected, the signal 217 to the logic unit 210 is an error signal.
  • the logic unit 210 does not receive an error signal from the passive monitoring device 215, the logic unit will send to a dynamic test device 220 a signal 212 which essen- tially has the form of a squarewave of the same frequency as the pulse train 207.
  • the dynamic test device 220 receives such a squarewave, the device will send to the relays 225 and 230 signals whose energy content is such as hold the relays closed and therewith send to the logic relay unit 300 signals 227 and 237 such that said logic unit will produce on its outputs Utg. 1 and Utg. 2 clear signals which are transmitted to the monitored equipment. No clear sig ⁇ nals are sent from the outputs Utg. l and Utg. 2 in the absence of said squarewave.
  • This safety guard has a single-channel signal- connection from the transmitter 100 to the dynamic test device, whereafter the signal connection is a two- channel connection.
  • Safety guard beam light switches of the aforesaid kind have only passive monitoring devices. Consequently, among other things, there is a risk that clear signals will be transmitted despite the fact that components may be malfunctioning. For instance, clear signals can be sent despite the act that an integrated circuit in the final stage of the logic relay unit 210 is in auto- oscillation or that a stoppage or break-down has occurred in the connection between the converter 205 and the passive monitoring device 215.
  • a safety guard beam light switch of the aforesaid kind monitor the synchronization between the signals from the transmitter and the signals from the receiver. This means that signals transmitted from an optical transmitter different to that belonging to the safety guard switch can be understood by the receiver as being transmitted from the optical transmitter of said safety guard switch when the optical transmitter of said safety guard switch is not in operation.
  • the inventive safety guard is more reliable in operation than hitherto known safety guards, since the inventive safety guard is provided, inter alia, with a facility for active and duplicated monitoring of both signals and components.
  • the inven ⁇ tive safety guard is also operative to reset the guard to an operating state subsequent to an interruption in operation, caused in some way or another, and to set the guard in operation through a continuously monitor ⁇ ing and duplicating facility in which the service ⁇ ability of all the components included in the safety guard is tested.
  • the inventive safety guard is constructed from commerically available com- ponents and therefore can be manufactured at a low price.
  • FIG. 2 is a block schematic illustrative of the inventive safety guard beam light switch, in which:
  • 10 is a resetting device - 15 is a logic blocking device - 20 is a by-pass strap 25 is an oscillator
  • - 35 is a logic by-pass coupling unit - 40 is an optical transmitter
  • - 55 is a logic relay unit - 60 is an optical receiver
  • - 73 is a positively controlled relay 75 is a logic by-pass unit - 80 is a by-pass strap
  • Utg. 1 is an output to monitored equipment
  • Utg. 2 is an output to monitored equipment
  • Utg. 1 and Utg. 2 together form a two-channel output.
  • the above components, enclosed in a broken line frame, are incorporated in a monitoring unit (1) .
  • the oscillator 25 is operative to transmit an electric pulse train 26, preferably having a frequency of 50-500 Hz, which is received by the blocking device 15, the by-pass unit 35 and the by-pass unit 75.
  • the block ⁇ ing device 15 sends the electric pulse train 27 to the optical transmitter 40, the test unit 45 and the test unit 65.
  • the pulse train 27 will be identical with the pulse train 26.
  • the pulse train 27 will be equal to zero.
  • the optical transmitter 40 is operative to • transmit in a direction towards the optical receiver 60 an optical pulse train 46 which has the same signal pattern as the electrical pulse train 27.
  • the optical pulse train 46 is received by the optical receiver 60, which converts said optical pulse train 46 to an elec ⁇ trical pulse train 61 having the same signal pattern as the optical pulse train 46.
  • the pulse train 61 is sent to the test units 45 and 65, and the pulse train 61 is compared in both units with the electrical pulse train 27.
  • “have coincidence with” or any like expression in which "coincidence” is inferred in the following is meant “to have the same frequency and an inverted and/or phase-reversed signal pattern with or without phase displacement”.
  • the reason why the term "coincide” has been defined in the above manner is because if signals in this invention do not have such coincidence, it is impossible to obtain a residual apparatus function when a short circuit occurs between the said signals. As a result, the highest possible safety level is achieved.
  • Case 2 The pulse trains in the test unit 45 do not coincide, wherewith the pulse train 47 sent by the unit to the dynamic test unit 50 will not have a frequency and/or pulse-shape which will enable the unit to transmit sufficient energy to the relay 53 to hold the unit closed.
  • Case 3 The pulse trains in the test unit 65 coincide, wherewith the unit sends to the dynamic test unit 70 a pulse train of such frequency and pulse-shape as to enable the dynamic control unit 70 to send to the relay 73 sufficient energy to hold the relay closed.
  • the relay 53 and the relay 73 are open except in Cases 3 and 4 above, even in those instances when the dynamic test units 50 or 70 detects a static state of duration longer than 10 ms.
  • both the relay 53 and the relay 73 are closed, or activated.
  • the relay 53 and/or the relay 73 When the signal transmission between the optical trans ⁇ mitter 40 and the optical receiver 60 and/or if optical obstacles are present between these two optical units, the relay 53 and/or the relay 73 is, or are, open. In order to enable the relay unit 55 to impart duplicated switch-closing functions to the monitored equipment, it must first be reset. Resetting of the relay unit is effected as follows: The resetting device 10 is activated, wherewith the blocking device 15 will transmit the pulse train 27, which is now zero, causing the relays 53 and 73 to open. The re-setting device 30 is closed while the relays 53 and 73 are still open. The resetting devices 10 and 30 are opened.
  • relays 53 and 73 are then activated within a limited time period, preferably a time period shorter than 0.5 s, subsequent to opening of the resetting devices 10 and 30, safety relays in the relay unit 55 will switch-in, whereupon the outputs Utg. 1 and Utg. 2 impart duplicated switch-closing functions to the monitored equipment.
  • the resetting function is dupli ⁇ cated and that the safety guard is monitored for possible malfunction and short circuiting.
  • the monitoring unit l can only be by-passed when re ⁇ setting is effected in accordance with the aforegoing and when the aforesaid safety relays in the relay unit 55 have been activated or cut-in. By-passing of the monitoring unit is effected in the following manner:
  • the by-pass stirrup or strap 20 is closed and therewith couples the pulse train 26 to the dynamic test unit 50, via a logic by-pass unit 35, at the same time as the by-pass stirrup or strap 80 is closed and therewith couples the pulse train 26 to the dynamic test unit 70, via a logic by-pass unit 75.
  • either one of the by-pass stirrups 20 and 80 may already be closed when the other by-pass stirrup is closed.
  • the relay 53, 73 will not open and neither will the safety relays in the relay unit 55, even though an optical obstacle is introduced or a malfunction occurs between the optical transmitter 40 and the optical receiver 60.
  • the relay 53 and/or the relay 73 is unable to open when an attempt is made to reset the device, which instigates an auto ⁇ matic test to ascertain whether or not said straps have been closed.
  • Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of the inven- tion, in which Figure:
  • - 41 identifies one or more receiver/transmitter units, each consisting of an optical receiver 41A which is connected directly to an optical transmit- ter 41B,
  • the receiver/transmitter units 41 are so arranged so that the pulse train 46 is received by the optical receiver 41A of the first receiver/transmitter unit 41, this receiver transferring the pulse train to its optical transmitter 4IB which in turn transmits the pulse train to the optical receiver 41A of the next receiver/transmitter unit, and so on in an analogous manner until the pulse train has been transmitted from the optical transmitter of the last receiver/trans- mitter unit in line to the optical receiver 60.
  • the pulse train 46 is inverted and/or phase-reversed again, once or several times in any desired manner and at any desired location between the optical transmitter 40 and the optical receiver 60, so that the pulse trains 27 and 61 and the signals between mutually sequential optical transmitters 41A and optical receivers 4IB obtain an inverted and/or phase-reversed signal pattern, with or without phase displacement.
  • phase-reversed is meant here and in the following reversal of the signal pattern about a given axis.
  • the object of this embodiment is to enable several safety guard beam light switches to be monitored simul- taneously with the aid of solely one monitoring unit 1, while maintaining a high degree of safety. As soon as one or more of the light beams between the optical transmitter 40 and the optical receiver 60 is/are interrupted, the relay unit 55 will no longer provide a switch/closing function.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the inven ⁇ tion, in which:
  • the optical transmitter 40 consists of one or more parallel-connected optical transmitter 40A
  • the optical receiver 60 consists of one or more parallel-connected optical receiver 60A
  • the number of optical transmitters 40A is equal to the number of optical receivers 60A.
  • the transmitters 40A and the receivers 60A are arranged so that each receiver 60A can receive a light signal from a transmitter 40A.
  • the relay unit provides a switch-closing function provided that there is no interruption of at least one of the light-signal transfers between the transmitters 40A and the receivers 60A. This enables, for instance, a distinction to be made between the passage of people or objects past the light beams.
  • An approximate distance between said pairs which will permit the passage of a human being is 100 mm at waist height and 40 mm at ankle height.
  • This embodiment can be used for object identification pur ⁇ poses and for distinguishing between objects of mutual- ly different shape, by positioning the transmitters 40A and the receivers 60A differently.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de protection active de personnes, appelé interrupteur de lumière de faisceau de sécurité, comprend une unité de contrôle électronique (1), un émetteur optique (40) ainsi qu'un récepteur optique (60). L'unité de contrôle (1) comprend un oscillateur (25) transmettant un premier train d'impulsions (26) au récepteur (60), via l'émetteur (40), et aussi directement à chacune des deux unités (45, 65) de test logiques séparées. Les unités de test ont pour rôle de procéder à un contrôle en continu synchronisé et dupliqué de signaux de l'état de tous les éléments du dispositif, et de s'assurer de la présence d'un obstacle optique entre l'émetteur (40) et le récepteur (60). Le montage en dérivation de l'unité de contrôle (1) est dupliqué et contrôlé. Selon un second mode de réalisation, une ou plusieurs unités (41A, 41B) de récepteurs/émetteurs connectées en série, sont positionnées contre l'émetteur (40) et le récepteur (60). Dans un troisième mode de réalisation, l'émetteur (40) comprend une pluralité d'émetteurs (40A) connectés en parallèle, et le récepteur (60) comprend un nombre égal de récepteurs (60A) connectés en parallèle.
PCT/SE1990/000008 1988-11-04 1990-01-04 Interrupteur de lumiere de faisceau de securite WO1990008333A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8804007A SE8804007L (sv) 1988-11-04 1988-11-04 Ljusstraaleskydd
SE8804007-6 1989-01-13
SE8904144A SE503145C2 (sv) 1989-12-08 1989-12-08 Anordning vid ljusstråleskydd
SE8904144-6 1989-12-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990008333A1 true WO1990008333A1 (fr) 1990-07-26

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ID=26660342

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1990/000008 WO1990008333A1 (fr) 1988-11-04 1990-01-04 Interrupteur de lumiere de faisceau de securite

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1990008333A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0579233A1 (fr) * 1992-07-15 1994-01-19 The Nippon Signal Co. Ltd. Circuit de sécurité et capteur optique de faisceaux multiples
FR2703756A1 (fr) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-14 Lebail Hubert Yvon Boîtier amplificateur de sécurité pour capteurs à fibres optiques.
WO1995013906A1 (fr) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-26 Ab Liros Elektronik Dispositif de remise a zero de securite
WO1997025568A1 (fr) * 1996-01-05 1997-07-17 Appleyard, Thomas, John Dispositif optique de securite destine a etre fixe sur un element mobile
CN109768791A (zh) * 2017-11-09 2019-05-17 埃利斯塔有限公司,奥斯特菲尔登(德国),巴特拉加茨分公司 具有传感器和操纵器的设备和用于测试所述设备的方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2501244A1 (de) * 1975-01-14 1976-07-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum betrieb einer ueberwachungseinrichtung
US3970846A (en) * 1973-10-29 1976-07-20 Xenex Corporation Presence detecting system with self-checking
GB2023282A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-12-28 Telub Ab A light-curtain means
WO1980000036A1 (fr) * 1978-06-06 1980-01-10 Xenex Corp Detecteur d'intrusion pour presse plieuse
WO1987004259A1 (fr) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-16 Data Instruments Inc. Systeme de detection d'intrusions dans des machines industrielles en fonctionnement
DE3611408A1 (de) * 1986-04-04 1987-10-15 Kaltenbach & Voigt Schaltungsanordnung zum ermitteln des vorhandenseins bzw. der entnahme von gegenstaenden, insbesondere von zahnaerztlichen behandlungsinstrumenten, in bzw. aus aufnahmen
GB2207244A (en) * 1987-07-14 1989-01-25 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Optical switching devices

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970846A (en) * 1973-10-29 1976-07-20 Xenex Corporation Presence detecting system with self-checking
DE2501244A1 (de) * 1975-01-14 1976-07-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum betrieb einer ueberwachungseinrichtung
GB2023282A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-12-28 Telub Ab A light-curtain means
WO1980000036A1 (fr) * 1978-06-06 1980-01-10 Xenex Corp Detecteur d'intrusion pour presse plieuse
WO1987004259A1 (fr) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-16 Data Instruments Inc. Systeme de detection d'intrusions dans des machines industrielles en fonctionnement
DE3611408A1 (de) * 1986-04-04 1987-10-15 Kaltenbach & Voigt Schaltungsanordnung zum ermitteln des vorhandenseins bzw. der entnahme von gegenstaenden, insbesondere von zahnaerztlichen behandlungsinstrumenten, in bzw. aus aufnahmen
GB2207244A (en) * 1987-07-14 1989-01-25 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Optical switching devices

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0579233A1 (fr) * 1992-07-15 1994-01-19 The Nippon Signal Co. Ltd. Circuit de sécurité et capteur optique de faisceaux multiples
US5495228A (en) * 1992-07-15 1996-02-27 The Nippon Signal Co., Ltd. Fail-safe scan circuit and a multibeam sensor
FR2703756A1 (fr) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-14 Lebail Hubert Yvon Boîtier amplificateur de sécurité pour capteurs à fibres optiques.
WO1995013906A1 (fr) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-26 Ab Liros Elektronik Dispositif de remise a zero de securite
WO1997025568A1 (fr) * 1996-01-05 1997-07-17 Appleyard, Thomas, John Dispositif optique de securite destine a etre fixe sur un element mobile
CN109768791A (zh) * 2017-11-09 2019-05-17 埃利斯塔有限公司,奥斯特菲尔登(德国),巴特拉加茨分公司 具有传感器和操纵器的设备和用于测试所述设备的方法

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