Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
  • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
  • H01F38/02—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation
  • H01F38/023—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation of inductances

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a choke coil, which has any definable characteristic, inductance as a function of the current.
• Choke coils are used for mains circuits or for sound-frequency circuits in all areas of electrical engineering, telecommunications, radio technology, electrical acoustics, electronics. With regard to the operating conditions, there are two basic types of choke coils:
• the choke coil basically consists of an iron core with or without an air gap and a winding insulated from earth.
• the choke coil is designed for a specific working range, with a specific course of the inductance values as a function of the current, and the choke coil is also used in vehicles such as trams, trolley buses, rail-bound railcars and locomotives, the rough tolerance measurement plays a role already a role, since this mainly affects the geometric dimensions and the weight of the inductor and causes problems that have to be solved.
• the choke coil according to the invention should have a determinable course of the inductance values as a function of the current, corresponding to the needs, and should therefore be optimally designed with regard to the electrical values, the geometrical dimensions and the weight.
• the invention solves this problem with a choke coil, which is characterized in that the core required for the choke coil power is subdivided into at least two sub-cores which are isolated from one another in the direction of the magnetic flux and have different magnetic characteristics in terms of their overall magnetic effect , wherein at least one winding wraps around at least two of these sub-cores or additionally at least one further winding wraps around at least one of these sub-cores.
• choke coils according to the invention are shown in principle in various exemplary embodiments.
• the individual embodiments serve to create certain inductance curves as a function of the current.
• the physical background of their mode of action is further illustrated on the basis of various magnetization curves and inductance curves.
• the basic structure and the functional principle of the choke coil according to the invention are explained in the following description. Furthermore, the embodiments shown are described and their modes of operation are explained.
• the choke coil according to the invention is called delta-phi choke in the following.
• FIG. 2 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi inductor in an expanded design, consisting of the partial core 1 without an air gap, the partial core 2 with the air gap L2 and the windings A, B and C;
• FIG 3 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi choke in an expanded design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2 and 3 with the air gaps L1, L2 and L3 and the winding A.
• FIG. 4 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi inductor in an expanded design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2 and 4 with the air gaps L1, L2 and L4 and the windings A, C and E;
• FIG. 5 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi inductor in an expanded design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2 and 3 with the air gaps L1, L2 and L3 and the windings A and B
• FIG. 6 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi inductor in an expanded design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2 and 4 with the air gaps L1, L2 and L3 and the windings A, B, C and E;
• FIG. 7 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi choke in an expanded design, consisting of the particle cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with the air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4 and the winding A;
• FIG 8 shows the basic structure of the Delta-Phi-Drpssel in an extended design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with the air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4 and the windings A, B, C, D and E;
• FIG. 9 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi inductor in an expanded design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with the air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4 and the windings A, B, C, D and E;
• FIG. 10 shows the basic structure of the delta-phi choke in an expanded design, consisting of the partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with the air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4 and the windings A, B, C, D and E;
• FIG. 11 shows the magnetization curves of induction as a function of the field strength for two different materials
• FIG. 12 shows the influence of the air gaps on the magnetization curve induction as a function of the flow: curve A: the magnetization curve for the core sheet, curve B: the magnetization curve for a small one
• curve C the resultant of curve A and curve B
• curve D the magnetization curve for a large one
• FIG. 13 shows a built-up core made up of partial cores (1, 2, 3,..., N-1, n) with partial air gaps:
• Sub core 2 with a small air gap
• Partial core 3 with a larger air gap
• Partial core n with four air gaps
• Figure 14 possible air gap shapes mean: a) parallel air gap, b) air gap wedge-shaped downward, c) air gap wedge-shaped upward, d) air gap symmetrical wedge-shaped, e) air gap trapezoidal downward, f) air gap trapezoidal upward, g) air gap symmetrical trapezoidal;
• FIG. 15 magnetization curves of induction as a function of the flow for two partial cores 1 and 2: curve 1 partial core 1 without an air gap, curve 2 partial core 2 with an air gap L2;
• FIG. 17 magnetization curves induction as a function of the flow for four partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4: curve 1 partial core 1 with air gap L1, curve 2 partial core 2 with air gap L2, curve 3 partial core 3 with air gap L3, curve 4 partial core 4 with Air gap L4;
• FIG. 18 choke coil characteristic inductance as a function of the current for a choke coil with 2 partial cores
• FIG. 19 choke coil characteristic inductance as a function of the current for a choke coil with 3 partial cores
• FIG. 20 choke coil characteristic inductance as a function of the current for a choke coil with 4 partial cores. - B -
• the delta-phi inductor Before going into detail about the basic structure and the mode of operation of the delta-phi inductor, it should be said that it can be operated at least as a pure alternating current inductor and as a DC-magnetized inductor.
• the basic structure of the delta phi inductor comprises at least two magnetically separated partial cores 1 and 2 with different magnetic characteristics and at least one winding A, which wraps around the two partial cores 1 and 2 together.
• the delta-phi inductor this is provided with further additional partial cores 3, ..., n and / or with further additional windings AI, ..., An; B; Bl, ..., Bn; C; Cl, ..., Cn; D; Dl, ..., Dn; E; Equip El, ..., En.
• the individual windings are to be connected additively or subtractively in series to winding branches, whereby, under certain conditions, the parallel connection and / or the combined connection of individual windings and / or winding branches is also possible.
• Additive series connection of two windings means that the magnetic induction generated by the current-carrying windings add up.
• Subtractive series connection of two windings means that the magnetic induction generated by the current-carrying windings subtracts.
• both cores experience the same flux I x w.
• the two partial cores 1 and 2 also have certain effective core cross sections AI and A2, corresponding to the choke coil power.
• the voltage induced in winding A is therefore:
• AI the effective core cross section of partial core 1 in cm2
• A2 the effective core cross section of the partial core 2 in cm2
• the impedance of the choke coil at the corresponding current is somi t:
• the inductance of the choke coil at the corresponding current is therefore:
• the course of the In 'productivity in function of the current can be attributed to this over the whole current range, determine. All inductance behavior of the inductor can be determined using this system.
• the simplest embodiment of a delta phi choke according to the invention is shown in principle in FIG.
• the delta phi choke has two partial cores with different overall magnetic properties, the partial core 1 having no air gap and the partial core 2 being equipped with an air gap L2.
• the winding A wraps around the two cores together.
• FIG. 2 shows the expanded version of a delta phi choke according to the invention in principle.
• the delta-phi inductor has two partial cores with different overall magnetic properties, the partial core 1 having no air gap and the partial core 2 being equipped with an air gap L2.
• the winding A wraps around the two cores together.
• the winding B wraps around only the partial core 1 and the winding C wraps around only the partial core 2.
• FIG. 3 shows the expanded version of a delta phi choke according to the invention in principle.
• the delta-phi inductor has three partial cores with different magnetic properties, all partial cores 1, 2 and 3 being equipped with different air gaps L1, L3 and L3.
• the winding A wraps around all three sub-cores together.
• FIG. 4 shows in principle an inventive delta-phi choke in an extended version with three partial cores 1, 2 and 4 with different magnetic total properties, all partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2 and L4.
• the winding A wraps around all three sub-cores together.
• the winding C wraps only around the sub core 2 and the winding E wraps around only the sub core 4.
• FIG. 5 shows in principle an inventive delta-phi choke in an expanded version with three partial cores 1, 2 and 3 with different overall magnetic properties, all of the partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2 and L3.
• the winding A wraps around the partial cores 1 and 2 and the winding B wraps around the partial cores 1 and 3.
• a delta phi choke according to the invention is shown in principle in an expanded embodiment in FIG.
• the delta-phi choke has three partial cores 1, 2 and 4 with different overall magnetic properties, all partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2 and L4.
• the winding A wraps around the sub-cores 1 and 2
• the winding B wraps around the sub-core 1
• the winding C wraps around the sub-core 2 and 4
• the winding E wraps around the sub-core 4.
• a delta-phi choke according to the invention is shown in principle in an expanded embodiment in FIG.
• the delta-phi inductor has four partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with different overall magnetic properties, all partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4.
• the winding A wraps around all the cores together.
• FIG. 8 shows the basic structure of a delta-phi choke according to the invention with four partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with different overall magnetic properties, all partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4, and with five windings A, B, C, D and E.
• the winding A wraps around the partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4
• the winding B wraps around the partial core 1
• the winding C wraps around the partial core 2
• the winding D wraps around the partial core 3
• the winding E wraps around the partial core 4.
• FIG. 9 shows the basic structure of a delta-phi choke according to the invention in an expanded version with four partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with different overall magnetic properties, all partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4, and with five windings A, B, C, D and E.
• the winding A wraps around the sub-cores 1 and 2
• the winding B wraps around the sub-cores 1 and 3
• the winding C wraps around the sub-cores 2 and 4
• the winding D wraps around the Partial core 3
• the winding E wraps around the partial core 4.
• FIG. 10 shows the basic structure of a delta-phi choke according to the invention in an expanded version with four partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with different overall magnetic properties, all partial cores being equipped with different air gaps L1, L2, L3 and L4, and with five windings A, B, C, D and E.
• the winding A wraps around the partial cores 1, 2 and 3, the winding B wraps around the partial core 1, the winding C wraps around the partial cores 2 and 4, the winding D wraps around the partial core 3 and the winding e wraps around the core part '4.
• By appropriate circuit additive and / or subtractive series connection, parallel connection, and / or combi . nated circuit the choice of the number of turns, the windings, the magnetic behavior of the partial cores and the inductance behavior of the delta-phi inductor can be strongly influenced.
• FIG. 13 shows a core divided into partial cores with different overall magnetic properties.
• the different overall magnetic properties are achieved in that the partial core 1 has no air gap and the other partial cores have different air gaps.
• the different overall magnetic properties can also and / or additionally be achieved by using materials with different magnetic properties, induction as a function of the field strength, as shown in FIG. 11.
• the applicable air gap sections are shown in Figure 14.
• the influence of the air gap section (s) on the magnetic properties of a core or a partial core, induction as a function of the flooding, is shown in FIG.
• the magnetic field lines spread in the zones of the air gap. So that the partial cores do not influence one another magnetically, the individual partial cores must be spaced at least by the distance which corresponds to the largest adjacent air gap distance.
• FIG. 15 shows the magnetization curves, induction as a function of the flow, of a delta-phi choke according to the invention with two partial cores 1 and 2 with different overall magnetic properties, the partial core 1 having no air gap and the partial
• FIG. 16 shows the magnetization curves, induction as a function of the flow, a delta-phi choke according to the invention with three partial cores 1, 2 and 3 or 4 with different magnetic overall properties, the partial core 1 having a small air gap and the partial core 2 having a larger air gap and the partial core 3 or partial core 4 has an even larger air gap.
• FIG. 17 shows the magnetization curves, induction as a function of the flow, of a delta-phi choke according to the invention with four partial cores 1, 2, 3 and 4 with different overall magnetic properties, the partial core 1 having a small air gap and the partial core 2 a somewhat larger air gap, the partial core 3 has an even larger and the partial core 4 has a large air gap.
• FIG. 18 shows the inductance curve, inductance as a function of the current, of a delta-phi inductor according to the invention with two partial cores.
• FIG. 19 shows the inductance curve, inductance as a function of the current of a delta-phi inductor according to the invention with three partial cores.
• FIG. 20 shows the inductance curve, inductance as a function of the current, of a delta-phi inductor according to the invention with four partial cores.
• the step-shaped inductance behavior is due to the fact that the partial cores are designed magnetically so that the partial core 1 first reaches the magnetic saturation point at a certain current, and the induction of the remaining partial cores 2, 3 and 4 are still in the magnetically unsaturated region at this particular current.
• the partial core 2 With a further increase in the current, the partial core 2 reaches the magnetic saturation point with a further determined current and the induction of the partial cores 3 and 4 are still in the magnetically unsaturated region. This state, due to a further increase in current, is carried out until all partial cores are magnetically saturated.
• the choice of the number of turns and the choice of the circuits of the windings, any inductance behavior, inductance as a function of the current, can be achieved.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Nonlinear Science (AREA)
• Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
• Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
• Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 1988
  • 1988-02-11 CH CH486/88A patent/CH678773A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-11-17 EP EP88909509A patent/EP0380582B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-11-17 DE DE3852951T patent/DE3852951D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-11-17 JP JP63508776A patent/JPH02503251A/ja active Pending
  • 1988-11-17 AT AT88909509T patent/ATE118115T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-11-17 WO PCT/CH1988/000214 patent/WO1989007828A1/de active IP Right Grant
• 1989
  • 1989-10-10 RU SU894742157A patent/RU1838841C/ru active

Patent Citations (5)

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