Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
  • E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
  • E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
  • E04G15/066—Re-usable forms with fluid means to modify the section
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/30—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
  • B28B7/32—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding inflatable
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
  • E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
  • E04C5/064—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
  • E04C5/18—Spacers of metal or substantially of metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
  • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
  • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
  • E04G11/045—Inflatable forms

Definitions

• the invention relates to a reusable formwork system for the production of open spaces in a building material, comprising at least one filling body filled with a medium and closed at one end, which penetrates the building material and determines the free space to be formed, the filling body according to Solidification of the building material while the respective free space remains can be removed from the solidified building material for reuse.
• the invention has for its object to provide a reusable formwork system of the type mentioned for the production of open spaces in building materials, which can be used to produce differently designed open spaces and can be used universally, i.e. can be used on a construction site as well as in the prefabrication of components.
• the invention is based on the further object to provide a reusable formwork system of the type mentioned for the production of free spaces in building materials, by which the solidification of the building material is promoted and which provides free spaces with a particular smooth surface without impairing its reusability his.
• the filling body is formed from at least one liquid-filled hose, the open end of which is connected to a filling and emptying tube.
• the use of liquid-filled hoses has the advantage that the incompressible liquid effectively prevents even locally restricted compression of the hose during the solidification of the building material. Due to the close contact of the solidifying building material on the liquid-filled hose or the liquid-filled hoses, a particularly uniform and smooth surface of the respectively formed free space or cavity is obtained. At the same time, however, the liquid filling enables vibrations to be generated to solidify the building material by exciting vibrations of the liquid-filled hose.
• the vibrations are advantageously generated by a reciprocating piston which acts directly on the liquid contained in a liquid-filled hose or in a feed line to which a multiplicity of hoses is connected in parallel.
• a helical compression spring In order to achieve a better adaptation of the hoses to the given shapes of the free spaces such as arches and the like and to reliably eliminate the risk of kinks or constrictions, it is expedient to insert a helical compression spring into the hose.
• This helical compression spring has the further important advantage that when a negative pressure is applied to empty the hose, it does not collapse but is supported by the helical compression spring. This reduces the contact areas between the solidified building material and the hose quite considerably, so that the removal of the hose from the free space or cavity formed is made very easy.
• the hose is provided at locations at which the free space or cavity is to be connected to the outer surface of the building material with a further filler body, which at one end can be detachably connected to the
• liquid-filled hose is connected and after solidification of the building material and removal of the liquid-filled hose can be removed and reused. In this way, a further free space or cavity is obtained
• the hoses can be laid in the building material
• FIG. 1 a shows another arrangement of the guide elements for the liquid-filled hoses in the reusable formwork system according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a vibrating device in the reusable formwork system according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows a modified version of a hose in the liquid-filled state in the reusable formwork system according to FIG.
• FIG. 4 shows the hose according to FIG. 3 in the empty state when connected to a vacuum source
• FIG. 5 and 6 are a side view and a plan view of a further filler body for use in the reusable formwork system according to FIG. 1;
• Fig. 7 is a plan view of a modified embodiment of the further packing according to Fi g .6. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
• the reusable formwork system for the production of open spaces or cavities can be used in a wide variety of ways and in connection with a wide variety of building materials.
• the exemplary embodiment of the reusable formwork system shown schematically in overall perspective in FIG. 1 is shown in connection with a reinforcement 10 for concrete as a building material.
• a reinforcement 10 for concrete as a building material.
• Such a reusable formwork system is e.g. used in the production of a concrete ceiling which is to be provided with a series of free spaces or cavities running essentially parallel to one another through the concrete ceiling.
• the core of the reusable formwork system according to Fig.l is a packing 1, which consists of a series of substantially parallel hoses 2, one end each of which is hurriedly closed by a vent valve 3 according to Fig. And the open ends of a common Lead 4 are connected.
• the common supply line 4 is connected via a branch 5 to a filling and e ⁇ tl eerventi 1 6 of a conventional type and to a vibrating device 30 described below in connection with FIG.
• the common supply line 4 is further provided with a safety or overpressure relief valve 7, which automatically relieves the packing 1 from an impermissibly increased internal pressure.
• the filler 1 or the hoses 2 are inserted into a casing 8 of the usual type for concrete, and this casing 8 is therefore not in detail. shown.
• the filler 1 or the tubes 2 are made of rubber or plastic or another material compatible with concrete, which has a compressive strength that is sufficient for the internal pressures that occur, but is flexible in order to be able to follow deformations.
• the filler body can also be conventionally covered with a perforated film which adheres to the solidified or hardened building material when the filler body 1 is removed.
• the reinforcement 10 is provided for a concrete ceiling.
• This reinforcement 10 consists of a first, namely lower structural steel mat 11 and a second, namely upper structural steel mat 12, which are arranged at a distance from each other essentially parallel and are kept apart by spacers or guide elements 13.
• the Ab ⁇ spacers thereby forming guide elements 13 for the tubes 2, either ele through the guide ⁇ enteric 13 through or extend between adjacent guide elements 13, wherein the foundeds ⁇ elements 13 different rows 14 form of one behind the other are arranged guide elements. 13
• the spacers or guide elements 13 ensure that the hoses 2 run in the desired manner and practically do not change their arrangement during the hardening or hardening of the concrete.
• the spacers or guide elements 13 are made of resilient material, in particular reinforcing steel, in such a way that they can be installed in a particularly simple manner.
• each Guide element 13 consisting of two angle elements 15 and an angle element arranged or centered therebetween . t, which is designed as a locking element 16.
• t which is designed as a locking element 16.
• a different number ratio between the angle elements 15 and the locking elements 16 can also be selected.
• the Wi nkel el emente 15 and the locking element 16 include substantially the same angle, which is adapted to the particular application or the respective distances in the steel mat 11.
• the latching element 16 is designed such that it snaps onto two adjacent elements 11a and 11b of the structural steel mat 11.
• the angle elements 15 and the locking element 16 are connected at their tips by a strut in the form of a steel rod 17 and near their free ends by struts in the form of steel rods 18.
• the free ends of the angle elements 15 are each provided with a protective device which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of plastic parts 15a.
• the free ends of the angle elements 15 stand on the casing 8 together with the plastic parts 15a.
• the plastic parts 15a not only prevent the free ends of the angle elements 15 from penetrating into the casing 8, which usually consists of wood, but also prevent the corrosion of the angle elements 15 at the projecting free ends.
• the latching element 16 is provided at its free ends with a latching part 16a, which latching connection between the spacer or the guide element 13 and the first structural steel mat 11.
• the locking parts 16a are formed from hook-shaped bent free ends of the locking part 16.
• the locking parts 16a can also be formed by angled locking parts of the locking element 16. The free ends are angled in such a way that after they have snapped onto the adjacent elements 11a and 11b of the first structural steel mat 11, they do not run parallel to this structural steel mat 11, but at an angle directed to this structural steel mat 11.
• the Absta be 'ndshal ter or Füh ⁇ guide elements 13 compressed, so that the free ends of the locking elements 16 with the latching portions 16a between the adjacent elements 11a and 11b of the first wire-mesh mat are passed 11; the plastic parts 1 e 15a of the angle elements 15 then stand on the casing 8.
• the latching parts 16a of the latching element 16 engage under the adjacent elements 11a and 11b of the first structural steel mat 11.
• these latching parts 16a are located on a level above the casing 8 , so that the first structural steel mat 11 is lifted off the casing 8 after the spacers or guide elements 13 have been attached.
• the design of the locking parts 16a ensures that the spacers or guide elements 13 remain securely connected to the first structural steel mat 11 when the reinforcement 10 is loaded on the side of the second structural steel mat 12, because the spreading of the locking elements 16 that occurs does not lead to a separation of the locking parts 16a from the associated elements 11a and 11b of the first
• Each of the adjacent elements 11a and 11b of the structural steel mat 11 is located between the associated latching part 16a of the latching element 16 and the associated steel rod 18, which connects the angle elements 15 and the latching element 16 near their free ends.
• the spacers or guide elements 13 can have further steel rods 19 which connect the adjacent angular elements 15 of each spacer element 13 to one another either laterally or diagonally in the region between the tip and the free ends.
• the second structural steel mat 12 can be connected in a conventional manner to the tips of the spacers or guide elements 13.
• FIG. 1 shows another arrangement of the spacers or guide elements 13, in which adjacent latching elements 16 are connected to one another via their hook-shaped bent-over latching parts 16a and to common reinforcing bars 20 of a reinforcement which, for example, runs vertically in a column or the like.
• the vibrating device 30 and its connection to the open end 31 of a single hose in the manner of the hose 2 are shown schematically in FIG shown.
• the vibrating device can also be connected to the branch 5 of the common feed line 4 to the hoses 2.
• the open end 31 is sealingly connected to a cylinder 32 in which a piston 33 is sealingly guided to and fro.
• the piston 33 is connected to a drive motor 35 via a transmission 34.
• the drive motor 35 can be, for example, an electric motor or an internal combustion engine and its speed can preferably be varied continuously.
• the translation 34 contains an eccentric E, via which the stroke of the piston 33 is preferably infinitely adjustable.
• the piston 33 is moved back and forth in the cylinder 32 at a frequency which is given by the speed set in each case on the drive motor 35, while the stroke of the piston 33 is set on the eccentric E.
• a liquid for example water
• vibrations are thus caused by the movement of the piston 33 in the cylinder 32, which are vibrations in the concrete surrounding the hoses 2 impact and promote its solidification or hardening.
• the vibrations Due to the stepless adjustment of the piston stroke and the speed of the drive motor 35, the vibrations can be easily adapted to the most favorable working conditions. Appropriate setting prevents the occurrence of resonance or natural vibrations.
• a combined pressure-frequency display device F shows the pressures and frequencies that occur during the vibrations.
• the hoses 2 connected to the common feed line 4 are laid within the individual spacers or guide elements 13 or between the adjacent spacers or guide elements 13.
• the branch 5 is connected with its open end to the cylinder 32 of the vibrating device 30 in a sealing manner. Then the entire system is filled with a liquid, e.g. Filled with water, the venting valves 3 ensuring that the system is completely vented prior to start-up.
• the vibrating device 30 is actuated, the vibrating device 30 being brought up to the preset stroke frequency of the piston 33 so quickly that the area or areas of critical natural vibrations are passed through quickly and without harmful side effects .
• the vibrating device 30 is switched off and the system is emptied via the filling and emptying valve 6 after the venting valves 3 have been opened.
• the hoses 2 can then be easily removed from the hardened or hardened concrete and are then available for reuse. It has been found that the tubes 2 can be pulled out of the free spaces or cavities formed at any time without difficulty; in particular, the walls are formed Clearances or cavities are evenly or smoothly formed, so that such clearances or cavities are suitable as through pipes not only for, for example, electrical or other supply lines, but also with the addition of appropriate additives which make the concrete watertight, also directly as water channels. Such free spaces or cavities can be formed in the same way in concrete ceilings as in concrete walls.
• a reusable formwork system has been described in connection with the production of a concrete ceiling with free spaces or cavities.
• a reusable formwork system can be used in the same way and with the same advantages for the production of free spaces or cavities in concrete walls and other concrete components. It can also be used with the same success in connection with other building materials that solidify or harden, provided that there is no bond between the building material and the hose or hoses, which can be ensured by choosing the appropriate hose material.
• the reusable scarf can also ungssystem during the prefabrication of building elements of concrete or other curing or solidifying Bau ⁇ materials are used.
• Ventilation and ventilation ducts or heating and cooling ducts can also be obtained overall in a very simple manner and with the saving of considerable costs for line pipes, especially when using waterproof concrete or the like, and water-carrying ducts.
• the Reusable formwork systems can be used to great advantage, particularly in large-scale buildings or prefabricated components in which hose lines up to approx. 100 can be used successfully.
• FIG. 3 A modified embodiment of a hose for liquid filling is shown in FIG. 3 in the liquid-filled state and in FIG. In the emptied state.
• FIG. 1 A modified embodiment of a hose for liquid filling is shown in FIG. 3 in the liquid-filled state and in FIG. In the emptied state.
• only one hose 41 of the type of the hoses 2 is shown in FIG. 1, but all hoses 2 according to FIG. 1 can be designed in this way.
• the hose 41 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is sealed at one end by a stopper 42, the stopper 42 being able to be provided with a vent valve in the manner of the vent valve 3 in FIG. 2.
• the open end of the hose 41 is directly connected to a filling and emptying valve 43 in a sealing manner.
• the filling and emptying valve 43 can also be designed in the manner of the filling and emptying valve 6 in FIG. In a first position, namely a filling position, the filling and emptying valve 43 connects the inside of the hose 41 via a first bore 44 to a source for a liquid under pressure. In the illustrated second position, the filling and emptying valve 43 is closed, and shut off the interior of the 'tube 41 to the outside. In a third position, namely an emptying position, the filling and emptying valve 43 connects the inside of the hose 41 via a second bore 45 to a conventional vacuum source, for example a suction pump, which closes ⁇ 5
• hose 43 Emptying the hose 43 is used; see . Fig. 4.
• An arrangement such as the one above without the vibrating device 30 can be used in conjunction with a building material such as flow concrete that does not require a vibrating effect during consolidation or hardening.
• the vibrating device 30 can also be omitted in the reusable formwork system according to FIG. 1 if flow concrete is used as the building material.
• the branch 5 can then be connected directly to the filling and emptying valve 6.
• the hose 41 is penetrated over a substantial part of its length by a helical compression spring 46 of a relatively large pitch.
• the presence of the helical compression spring 46 not only prevents the hose 41 from kinking or constricting under load, but also prevents the hose 41 from kinking or constricting when it is not straight, but e.g. should be laid in curves or around corners.
• the helical compression spring 46 expediently has an outer diameter which is in the range from 5% to 25: ⁇ , ie one twentieth to one quarter of the inner diameter of the hose 41.
• the tube 41 collapses after emptying and under the effect of the negative pressure of the negative pressure source, but is supported on the turns of the helical compression spring 46.
• the tube 41 detaches from the wall of the free space or cavity formed and is only in relatively loose contact with this wall in the area of the turns of the helical compression spring 46.
• the hose 41 or in the presence of Helical compression springs 46 in the tubes 2 of the formwork system shown in Fig.l remove all tubes 2 practically effortlessly from the free spaces or cavities formed.
• 5 and 6 show a side view and a
• FIG. 1 Top view of a further filler 50, which can be used in connection with the filler 1 according to FIG. 1 of the reusable formwork system, in order to produce branches from the free spaces or cavities obtained by means of the filler 1.
• the further filler body 50 has a first end 51, which in each case faces a hose 52 in the manner of hose 2 in FIG. 1 or in the manner of hose 41 in FIG. From this end 51 extends a clamping device consisting of two resilient, arc-shaped clamps 53 which lie opposite one another and between them define an opening 54 for receiving the hose 52.
• Each individual spring clip 53 extends beyond the central axis 55 of the hose 52 in such a way that the free ends 56 of the spring clips 53 are at a distance which is smaller than the diameter of the hose 52 in the liquid-filled state.
• the resilient brackets 53 have the shape of an arc of a circle, but they can also take any other shape that is suitable for achieving the releasable clamping connection with the liquid-filled hose 52.
• the further filler body 50 has a second end 57 facing away from the resilient jaws 53 extending outwards, ie in a region 58 widening away from the resilient clamps 53.
• the filling body 50 is of a generally conical or frustoconical shape.
• this is Be ⁇ see rich 58 with a number of gradations 59 ver ⁇ , adheres better whereby the additional filling body 50 in the solidifying or hardening building material such as concrete. 6
• This cavity 60 there is an inwardly projecting step or shoulder 61 for attacking a suitable tool with which the further filler 50 can be pulled out of the building material after solidification or hardening, leaving a further free space or cavity.
• This further free space or cavity forms a branch which starts from the free space or cavity which is formed by the associated hose 52 and extends to the surface of the component or component which has been formed from the building material.
• FIG. 7 shows a polygonal, in particular square, configuration of the second end 57a or the outwardly widening region 53a of a further filler body 50a, which can be used instead of the further filler body 50 and is ent at its first end (not shown) ⁇ speaking of the other packing 50 is formed.
• a further filler body 50a which can be used instead of the further filler body 50 and is ent at its first end (not shown) ⁇ speaking of the other packing 50 is formed.
• other fillers with other circumferential designs can also be used where the circumstances so require.
• the other filler 50 and 50a form part of the reusable Schal ungssystem and allow the formation of smooth branches, the
• branches can be used to lay branches of electrical and other supply lines, but can also form branch ducts for ventilation and ventilation, for air heating or cooling, for air conditioning and other things.
• branch ducts for ventilation and ventilation, for air heating or cooling, for air conditioning and other things.
• Such branches can also be used to guide water, namely for irrigation or drainage. Extinguishing water channels for fire extinguishing systems can also be formed in this way.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27433314

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (5)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1986
  • 1986-03-07 WO PCT/EP1986/000122 patent/WO1986005229A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1986-03-07 DE DE8686902361T patent/DE3663831D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1986-03-07 AT AT86902361T patent/ATE43878T1/de active
  • 1986-03-07 AU AU56640/86A patent/AU590266B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1986-03-07 EP EP86902361A patent/EP0248813B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1986-03-08 ES ES552807A patent/ES8800391A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-11-07 NO NO864466A patent/NO864466D0/no unknown
  • 1986-11-07 DK DK532386A patent/DK532386D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1987
  • 1987-09-08 FI FI873870A patent/FI873870A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (6)

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